WO2020133957A1 - 基于imu实时监测支护位姿的液压支架及其检测方法 - Google Patents

基于imu实时监测支护位姿的液压支架及其检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133957A1
WO2020133957A1 PCT/CN2019/091625 CN2019091625W WO2020133957A1 WO 2020133957 A1 WO2020133957 A1 WO 2020133957A1 CN 2019091625 W CN2019091625 W CN 2019091625W WO 2020133957 A1 WO2020133957 A1 WO 2020133957A1
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Prior art keywords
coordinate system
top beam
support
base
joint
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/091625
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王忠宾
路绪良
谭超
闫海峰
司垒
姚新港
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Xuzhou Goldfluid Hydraulic Technology Development Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Xuzhou Goldfluid Hydraulic Technology Development Co Ltd
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Application filed by China University of Mining and Technology CUMT, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB, Xuzhou Goldfluid Hydraulic Technology Development Co Ltd filed Critical China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority to US16/766,712 priority Critical patent/US10975695B2/en
Priority to AU2019413564A priority patent/AU2019413564B2/en
Priority to CA3081642A priority patent/CA3081642C/en
Publication of WO2020133957A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133957A1/zh
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D23/00Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
    • E21D23/04Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/50Component parts or details of props
    • E21D15/51Component parts or details of props specially adapted to hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props, e.g. arrangements of relief valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic support based on IMU (inertial measurement unit) real-time monitoring support posture; suitable for the field of automatic control of coal mine underground equipment.
  • IMU intial measurement unit
  • the invention also relates to a real-time detection method of posture and support based on IMU hydraulic support.
  • Coal is an important basic energy and raw material in China, accounting for 62% of my country's total energy consumption. It is currently the world's largest coal producer and consumer. At the same time, the energy endowment conditions of lean oil and gas also determine the status quo of coal in my country.
  • the support posture lacks an effective sensing method. According to the hydraulic support mechanical mechanism, as long as the real-time length of the active cylinder of the support is measured, the support posture can be obtained, but due to the coupling effect between the hydraulic support mechanical mechanism and the poor environmental conditions downhole Limitation, the length of the active cylinder cannot be directly measured by the sensor to obtain the support posture.
  • the main mechanism of the hydraulic support contains two degrees of freedom, and two active parts are needed to determine the movement state.
  • the length of the column and the balance jack determine the support posture of the hydraulic support.
  • the length of the active cylinder cannot be directly measured by the sensor.
  • the present invention provides a hydraulic support based on IMU real-time monitoring of support posture.
  • IMU IMU real-time monitoring of support posture.
  • a hydraulic support based on IMU real-time monitoring of support posture includes a base, a top beam, a shield beam, a front link, a rear link, a vertical column, and a balancing jack; the top beam is supported above the base by the vertical column, and the top beam
  • the tail end is hinged to one end of the shielding beam, and the other end of the shielding beam has two positions C and D arranged alternately; the positions C and D of the shielding beam pass through the front link, the rear link and the base respectively A and B are hinged correspondingly to form the four-bar linkage of the bracket; one end of the balancing jack is connected to the top beam, and the other end is connected to the shield beam; it is characterized in that it also includes three IMU sensors and support positions Posture monitoring system; wherein: the three IMU sensors are the first IMU sensor, the second IMU sensor, and the third IMU sensor; the first IMU sensor is installed on the top beam to detect the attitude angle information of the top beam, And feedback to the
  • the posture angle information analysis and processing module includes: a DH coordinate conversion module, which is implemented by coordinate conversion between an absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ and a DH coordinate system;
  • the DH coordinate system includes base coordinates System ⁇ O 1 ⁇ , rear link coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇ , shield beam coordinate system ⁇ O 3 ⁇ , and top beam coordinate system ⁇ O 4 ⁇ ;
  • the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ is: the horizontal direction of the longitudinal plane of the bracket Is the X-axis direction, the direction perpendicular to the X-axis in the longitudinal plane of the bracket is the Y-axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of the bracket is the Z-axis direction;
  • the base coordinate system ⁇ O 1 ⁇ is: taking point O on the base as The DH coordinate system established by the origin;
  • the rear link coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇ is: the DH coordinate system established by the joint point A between the link and the base is the origin;
  • Another technical object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a hydraulic support based on IMU real-time monitoring of support posture.
  • This detection method requires real-time monitoring of hydraulic pressure during the operation steps of lowering, moving, and raising the hydraulic support.
  • the support posture of the bracket to determine whether the operation of the descending, moving, and lifting of the hydraulic support reaches the target support posture.
  • the support posture of the hydraulic support is selected through the posture angle of the top beam and the support selected on the top beam. Characterized by the support height h of the height reference point K; the detection method specifically includes the following steps:
  • IMU sensors There are three IMU sensors, which are the first IMU sensor installed on the top beam, the second IMU sensor installed on the rear link, and the third IMU sensor installed on the base;
  • the joint rotation angle ⁇ 1 of the base can be obtained respectively after the link joint rotation angle ⁇ 2, the beam spots joint rotational angle ⁇ 3, headpieces joint rotation angle ⁇ 4;
  • the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ is: the horizontal direction of the longitudinal plane of the bracket is the X-axis direction, the direction of the vertical plane of the bracket that is perpendicular to the X-axis is the Y-axis direction, and the direction of the vertical vertical plane of the bracket is the Z-axis direction;
  • the base coordinate system ⁇ O 1 ⁇ is: the DH coordinate system established with the O point on the base as the origin;
  • the rear link coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇ is: the joint position A between the link and the base as the origin DH coordinate system;
  • cover beam coordinate system ⁇ O 3 ⁇ is: DH coordinate system established with the joint position C between the cover beam and the rear link as the origin;
  • top beam coordinate system ⁇ O 4 ⁇ is: the top beam and
  • the joint position F between the shield beams is the DH coordinate system established by the origin;
  • the calculated support height h compare it with the target value of the support height after the operation of lowering, moving, and lifting, and determine whether the operation of lowering, moving, and lifting of the hydraulic support is completed;
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention is equipped with an IMU sensor on the base, rear link and top beam, so it can detect the motion status of the top beam, rear link and base in real time; and through a specific data processing system to monitor the position of the hydraulic support in real time Posture (posture angle of top beam Support height h), especially for the operation of lowering, moving and lifting hydraulic supports, can give instructions on the technical level, effectively reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve the working efficiency of hydraulic supports.
  • Posture posture angle of top beam Support height h
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic support
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic support of the present invention, in which the installation location of the IMU sensor is not indicated, nor is the D-H coordinate analysis of the hydraulic support shown;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic support of the present invention, in which the installation positions of the IMU sensor on the base, the top beam and the shield beam are marked, and at the same time, the schematic diagram of the D-H coordinate analysis of the hydraulic support is shown;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the transformation relationship of the workspace
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a real-time detection method for the posture and support of a hydraulic support
  • ⁇ O 0 ⁇ is an absolute coordinate system.
  • the horizontal direction of the longitudinal plane of the hydraulic support is the X axis direction, the direction perpendicular to the X axis is the Y axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is the Z axis direction; the origin O is set on the base Tail end
  • ⁇ x 1 Oy 1 ⁇ is the base coordinate system ⁇ O 1 ⁇ ; the attitude angle of the base for: Where ⁇ 1, x , ⁇ 1, y , ⁇ 1, z are the rotation angle components on the X, Y, and Z axes , respectively;
  • ⁇ x 2 Ay 2 ⁇ is the back link coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇ ; the post link angle for: Where ⁇ 2, x , ⁇ 2, y , ⁇ 2, z are the rotation angle components on the X, Y, and Z axes , respectively;
  • ⁇ x 3 Cy 3 ⁇ is the cover beam coordinate system ⁇ O 3 ⁇ ;
  • ⁇ x 4 Fy 4 ⁇ is the top beam coordinate system ⁇ O 4 ⁇ ; the attitude angle of the top beam support for: Where ⁇ 4, x , ⁇ 4, y , ⁇ 4, z are the rotation angle components of the top beam attitude angle on the X, Y, and Z axes respectively;
  • h is the height of the support; ⁇ 1 is the column length; ⁇ 2 balanced jack length; base joint rotation angle ⁇ 1; link after joint rotation angle ⁇ 2; beam spots joint rotation angle ⁇ 3; headpieces Joint rotation angle ⁇ 4 .
  • spatially relative terms such as “above”, “above”, “above”, “above”, etc. can be used here to describe as shown in the figure The spatial relationship between a device or feature shown and other devices or features. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is turned upside down, a device described as “above another device or configuration” or “above another device or configuration” will then be positioned as “below other device or configuration” or “in Under other devices or structures”. Thus, the exemplary term “above” may include both “above” and “below” orientations. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations).
  • the hydraulic support based on the IMU real-time monitoring support posture of the present invention includes a base, a top beam, a shield beam, a front link, a rear link, a post, and a balance jack;
  • the top beam passes The column is supported above the base, and the tail end of the top beam is hinged with one end of the shielding beam, and the other end of the shielding beam has two positions C and D arranged alternately; the positions C and D of the shielding beam are respectively The front link and the rear link are hinged correspondingly to the position A and position B on the base to form a four-link mechanism of the bracket; one end of the balancing jack is connected to the top beam, and the other end is connected to the shield beam; its characteristics are: , Also includes three IMU sensors and support posture monitoring system; wherein: the three IMU sensors are the first IMU sensor, the second IMU sensor, the third IMU sensor; the first IMU sensor is installed on the top beam , Used to detect the attitude angle information of the
  • the posture angle information analysis and processing module includes: a DH coordinate conversion module, which is realized by coordinate conversion between an absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ and a DH coordinate system;
  • the DH coordinate system includes a base coordinate system ⁇ O 1 ⁇ , and Link coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇ , shield beam coordinate system ⁇ O 3 ⁇ and top beam coordinate system ⁇ O 4 ⁇ ;
  • absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ is: the horizontal direction of the longitudinal plane of the bracket is the X axis direction, and the bracket is longitudinal The direction perpendicular to the X axis in the plane is the Y axis direction, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of the bracket is the Z axis direction;
  • the base coordinate system ⁇ O 1 ⁇ is: the DH coordinate system established with the O point on the base as the origin;
  • the rear link coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇ is: the DH coordinate system established after the joint position A between the link and the base is the origin;
  • the support posture conversion module expresses the support height h in terms of the vertical distance of the support height reference point K relative to the base origin O in the Y-axis direction:
  • Verify pose The x-axis of the top beam in the absolute coordinate system
  • the effectiveness is as follows: the calculated value of the attitude angle of the top beam of the hydraulic support is It can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the calculated value of the top beam attitude angle obtained by the above formula The attitude angle of the top beam detected by the first IMU sensor installed on the top beam
  • the support height h can be calculated by the expression of the support height h. If the difference between the two exceeds the allowable range of the error (mainly the situation occurs underground, For example, when the surrounding rock or the roof plate has a large impact on the hydraulic support, a calculation error will occur), you need to initialize the hydraulic support.
  • the support height reference point K is any point on the top beam; Is the coordinate component on the Y axis of the pose of K point in the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ ; P(0,0,0) Y is the pose of the origin O in the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ on the Y axis Coordinate components on It is the coordinate value of the support height reference point K in the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ ;
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 represent the base rotation angle, rear link rotation angle, shield beam rotation angle and top beam rotation angle respectively;
  • Called the proximity vector it represents the z-axis of the top beam in the absolute coordinate system
  • Called the pose vector it represents the y-axis of the top beam in the absolute coordinate system
  • the rotation angle converter module joint the articular base rotation angle ⁇ 1, the rear link joint rotation angle ⁇ 2, the beam spots joint rotational angle ⁇ 3, headpieces joint rotation angle ⁇ 4 is calculated by the following formula :
  • l AB is the distance between the joint position A and the joint position B in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • l BC is the distance between the joint position B and the joint position C in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • l AC is the distance between the joint position A and the joint position C in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • l CD is the distance between the joint position D and the joint position C in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • It is the distance from the joint position C to DC * in the four-bar linkage mechanism, and C * is the vertical foot
  • l BD is the distance between the joint position B and the joint position D in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • B * is the vertical foot of the joint position B on the base
  • l OA is the hydraulic support, the joint position A and the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ The distance between the origin O on the base.
  • Step (2) the base of the joint rotation angle ⁇ 1, the rotational angle [theta] link joint 2, the beam spots joint rotational angle ⁇ 3, headpieces joint rotation angle ⁇ 4 expression was calculated by the following steps get:
  • step 2.1 and step 2.2 combined with the intermediate parameters ⁇ and ⁇ , the expressions of the joint rotation angles ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 are obtained as follows:
  • l AB is the distance between the joint position A and the joint position B in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • l BC is the distance between the joint position B and the joint position C in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • L AC is the distance between the joint position A and the joint position C in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • l CD is the distance between the joint position D and the joint position C in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • It is the distance from the joint position C to DC * in the four-bar linkage mechanism, and C * is the vertical foot
  • l BD is the distance between the joint position B and the joint position D in the four-bar linkage mechanism
  • B * is the vertical foot of the joint position B on the base
  • l OA is the hydraulic support, the joint position A and the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ The distance between the origin O on the base.
  • the expression of the support height h is obtained by the following steps:
  • the DH matrix parameters are the rotation angle ⁇ i , the offset d i , the torsion angle ⁇ i , and the link length l i ;
  • RPY( ⁇ 1,x , ⁇ 1,y , ⁇ 1,z ) represents the rotation matrix of the base according to the roll-pitch-yaw rotation sequence
  • the calculated value of the top beam attitude angle obtained by the above formula The attitude angle of the top beam detected by the first IMU sensor installed on the top beam
  • the support height h can be calculated by the expression of the support height h. If the difference exceeds the allowable range of error, the hydraulic support needs to be initialized.
  • ⁇ O 0 ⁇ be the absolute coordinate system
  • the longitudinal direction of the bracket is the X-axis direction
  • the vertical direction is the Y-axis direction
  • the vertical XY plane is the Z-axis direction.
  • ⁇ x 1 Oy 1 ⁇ is the base coordinate system ⁇ O 1 ⁇
  • ⁇ x 2 Ay 2 ⁇ is the rear link coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇
  • ⁇ x 3 Cy 3 ⁇ is the shield beam coordinate system ⁇ O 3 ⁇
  • ⁇ x 4 Fy 4 ⁇ is the top beam coordinate system ⁇ O 4 ⁇
  • the support height is h
  • the top beam support posture angle Where ⁇ 4,x , ⁇ 4,y , ⁇ 4,z are the rotation angle components of the top beam attitude angle on the X,Y,Z axis;
  • the attitude angle of the base is the attitude angle
  • ⁇ 1, x , ⁇ 1, y , ⁇ 1, z are the rotation angle components on the X, Y, and Z axes;
  • the posture angle of the rear link is Where ⁇ 2, x , ⁇ 2, y , ⁇ 2, z are the rotation angle components on the X, Y, and Z axes , respectively.
  • the present invention is equipped with an IMU sensor on the base of the hydraulic support, the rear link and the top beam to obtain all the attitude variables of the hydraulic support in the detection space.
  • the present invention divides the working space of the hydraulic support into drive space, joint space, posture space, and detection space according to different selected variable parameters.
  • the driving space is composed of the length of the column ⁇ 1 and the length of the balance jack ⁇ 2
  • the joint space is composed of the joint rotation angles ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 of the base, rear link, shield beam and top beam
  • the posture space is supported by the top beam height h and posture angle Composition
  • the detection space is composed of the attitude angle variable of the base, the back link and the top beam. It can be known from the conversion relationship of the working space that the posture space can be converted to each other according to the one-to-one correspondence between the joint space and the detection space.
  • the working space conversion process is "detection space ⁇ joint space ⁇ pose space” .
  • the detection space is converted into joint space, and the measured three-axis attitude angle information is divided into ( ⁇ 1, x , ⁇ 1, y , ⁇ 1, z ), ( ⁇ 2, x , ⁇ 2, y , ⁇ 2, z ) and ( ⁇ 4,x , ⁇ 4,y , ⁇ 4,z ).
  • the four-bar mechanism composed of the base, the front link, the rear link and the shield beam can obtain the rotation angle variable of the shield beam in the joint space through geometric conversion.
  • the coordinate system of points A, B, C and D in the coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇ is expressed as Where ⁇ represents the corresponding joint point, then the coordinates of each joint point under ⁇ O 2 ⁇ are A(0,0), B(l AB sin( ⁇ 2,z + ⁇ 1,z - ⁇ 1 ),( l AB cos( ⁇ 2,z + ⁇ 1,z - ⁇ 1 )), C(0,l AC ), Among them, the intermediate parameters are solved according to the following formula: Where l BC is the distance between point B and point C in the four-bar linkage mechanism. With the movement of the four-bar linkage mechanism, the distance between the two points needs to be calculated in real time. The solution is as follows: Based on the solution of the above intermediate variables, the conversion from the detection space to the joint space can be achieved. The specific conversion relationship is as follows: where ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are hydraulic support structure parameters.
  • ⁇ i is the angle of counterclockwise rotation around the Z axis
  • the above transformation matrix can be represented by four geometric parameters of the relationship between the adjacent link coordinate systems of the DH coordinate system.
  • the four geometric parameters are: rotation angle ⁇ i -hydraulic support
  • the connecting rod rotates around the Z axis, according to the right-hand rule from the X i axis to the rotation angle parallel to the X i-1 axis; offset d i -the vertical distance between the hydraulic support connecting rod from the Z i-1 axis to the Z i axis ; Link length l i -the distance from the hydraulic support connecting rod Z i-1 axis to the Z i axis intersection point along the Z i axis to the origin of the ith coordinate; torsion angle ⁇ i -hydraulic support connecting rod around the Z i axis press the right hand
  • the rule changes from the Z i-1 axis to the Z i axis rotation angle.
  • the unified coordinate conversion matrix is as follows:
  • the DH matrix parameters are the rotation angle ⁇ i , the offset d i , the torsion angle ⁇ i , and the link length l i . Therefore, the base, The DH parameters of the rear link, shield beam and top beam are ⁇ 1 ,d 1 , ⁇ 1 ,l 1 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 ,d 2 , ⁇ 2 ,l 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 3 ,d 3 , ⁇ 3 , l 3 ⁇ and ⁇ 4 , d 4 , ⁇ 4 , l 4 ⁇ , after obtaining the rotation angles, the posture of any point under ⁇ O ⁇ can be obtained by the following formula:
  • RPY ( ⁇ 1, x , ⁇ 1, y , ⁇ 1, z ) represents the rotation matrix of the base according to the roll-pitch-yaw rotation sequence, calculated as follows:
  • the support height reference point K is any point on the top beam; Is the coordinate component on the Y axis of the pose of K point in the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ ; P(0,0,0) Y is the pose of the origin O in the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ on the Y axis Coordinate components on It is the coordinate value of the support height reference point K in the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ ;
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 represent the base rotation angle, rear link rotation angle, shield beam rotation angle and top beam rotation angle respectively;
  • Called the proximity vector it represents the z-axis of the top beam in the absolute coordinate system
  • Called the pose vector it represents the y-axis of the top beam in the absolute coordinate system
  • the hydraulic support attitude matrix is expressed as:
  • the calculated value of the top beam attitude angle obtained by the above formula The attitude angle of the top beam detected by the first IMU sensor installed on the top beam
  • the support height h can be calculated by the expression of the support height h. If the difference between the two exceeds the allowable range of the error, the hydraulic support needs to be initialized.
  • the support height h of the hydraulic support can be determined by the vertical distance of the K point relative to the origin O of the base in the Y-axis direction, then the support height of the hydraulic support can be solved as follows:
  • the present invention can also provide a detection method of the hydraulic support based on the real-time monitoring of the support posture of the IMU, as shown in FIG. 5, the detection method is used in the lowering, moving and lifting of the hydraulic support
  • the detection method is used in the lowering, moving and lifting of the hydraulic support
  • the support posture of the hydraulic support passes through the attitude angle of the top beam And select the support height h of the support height reference point K on the top beam to characterize; the detection method specifically includes the following steps:
  • IMU sensors There are three IMU sensors, which are the first IMU sensor installed on the top beam, the second IMU sensor installed on the rear link, and the third IMU sensor installed on the base;
  • the joint rotation angle ⁇ 1 of the base can be obtained respectively after the link joint rotation angle ⁇ 2, the beam spots joint rotational angle ⁇ 3, headpieces joint rotation angle ⁇ 4;
  • the absolute coordinate system ⁇ O 0 ⁇ is: the horizontal direction of the longitudinal plane of the bracket is the X-axis direction, the direction of the vertical plane of the bracket that is perpendicular to the X-axis is the Y-axis direction, and the direction of the vertical vertical plane of the bracket is the Z-axis direction;
  • the base coordinate system ⁇ O 1 ⁇ is: the DH coordinate system established with the O point on the base as the origin;
  • the rear link coordinate system ⁇ O 2 ⁇ is: the joint position A between the link and the base as the origin DH coordinate system;
  • cover beam coordinate system ⁇ O 3 ⁇ is: DH coordinate system established with the joint position C between the cover beam and the rear link as the origin;
  • top beam coordinate system ⁇ O 4 ⁇ is: the top beam and
  • the joint position F between the shield beams is the DH coordinate system established by the origin;
  • the calculated support height h compare it with the target value of the support height after the operation of lowering, moving, and lifting, and determine whether the operation of lowering, moving, and lifting of the hydraulic support is completed;

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Abstract

公开了一种基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架及其检测方法。该液压支架分别在顶梁(7)、后连杆(4)、底座(3)上安装IMU传感器,并设置配套的支护位姿监测系统。通过多个IMU传感器实时测量支架顶梁(7)、后连杆(4)和底座(3)的运动状态,经支护位姿监测系统的处理,以实时监测液压支架支护位姿,尤其是对于液压支架的降架、移架、升降操作是否到位,能够在技术层面上给予判断,有效地降低工人的劳动强度,提高液压支架的工作效率。

Description

基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架及其检测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于IMU(惯性测量单元)实时监测支护位姿的液压支架;适用于煤矿煤矿井下设备自动化控制领域使用。
本发明还涉及一种基于IMU液压支架支护位姿实时检测方法。
背景技术
煤炭是我国重要的基础能源和原料,占到了我国能源消费总量的62%,是目前世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。同时,贫油少气的能源赋存条件也决定了我国离不开煤炭的现状。
煤矿井下综采工作面环境恶劣,矿工劳动强度高、身体健康危害大,甚至会危及生命。随着国家科学技术的发展,煤矿行业也不断的引进新的自动化控制技术,其自动化程度逐渐提高,工人的工作条件得到一定程度的改善,但是综采工作面复杂恶劣的工况,仍然危及着工人的身体健康及生命。实现工作面少人化、无人化开采可以有效避免上述危害。同时,传统的煤炭开采主要依靠工人进行作业,特别是综采面的液压支架数量为几十架到上百架,依靠人工操作,不能准确判断出支架的支护状态,只能依靠工作经验对其进行调整,可靠性和工作效率低。
支护位姿缺乏有效的感知方法,根据液压支架机械机构,只要测得支架主动油缸的实时长度便可以获得支护姿态,但由于液压支架机械机构之间的耦合作用,以及井下恶劣环境条件的限制,无法通过传感器直接测得主动缸的长度获得支护位姿。
液压支架主体机构包含两个自由度,需要两个主动件才能确定运动状态,在液压支架运动过程中,作为液压支架的驱动部件,立柱和平衡千斤顶的长度决定着液压支架的支护位姿,但是在井下的恶劣环境下以及条件限制,无法通过传感器直接测得主动油缸的长度。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,通过在顶梁、后连杆、底座上安装IMU传感器,并设置配套的支护位姿监测系统,通过测量支架顶梁、后连杆和底座的运动状态,以实时监测液压支架支护位姿,尤其是对于液压支架的降架、移架、升降操作,能够在技术层面上给予指示,有效地降低工人的劳动强度,提高液压支架的工作效率。
为实现上述的技术目的,本发明将采取如下的技术方案:
一种基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,包括底座、顶梁、掩护梁、前连杆、后连杆、立柱以及平衡千斤顶;顶梁通过立柱支撑在底座的上方,且顶梁的尾端与掩护梁的一端铰接,掩护梁的另一端具有两个相间设置的位点C、位点D;掩护梁的位点C、位点D分别通过前连杆、后连杆与底座上的位点A、位点B对应铰接,以构成支架四连杆机构;平衡千斤顶的一端与顶梁连接,另一端则与掩护梁连接;其特征在于,还包括三个IMU传感器以及支 护位姿监测系统;其中:所述的三个IMU传感器,分别为第一IMU传感器、第二IMU传感器、第三IMU传感器;第一IMU传感器安装于顶梁,用于检测顶梁的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;第二IMU传感器安装于后连杆,用于检测后连杆的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;第三IMU传感器安装于底座,用于检测底座的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;支护位姿监测系统包括姿态角信息采集模块、姿态角信息分析处理模块、支护位姿输出模块;姿态角信息采集模块,能够接收各IMU传感器所检测到的姿态角信息,并传输至姿态角信息分析处理模块;姿态角信息分析处理模块,能够接收姿态角信息采集模块所传输的姿态角信息,并将所接收到的姿态角信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,根据D-H矩阵坐标转换原理,转换计算后,得到液压支架的支护高度h,并将所得到的支护高度h与降架、移架、升架操作后的支护高度目标值进行比较,判断降架、移架、升架操作是否到位,实现对液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作过程中支护位姿的监测。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述的姿态角信息分析处理模块,包括:D-H坐标转换模块,通过绝对坐标系{O 0}与D-H坐标系之间的坐标转换来实现;D-H坐标系包括底座坐标系{O 1}、后连杆坐标系{O 2}、掩护梁坐标系{O 3}以及顶梁坐标系{O 4};绝对坐标系{O 0}为:以支架纵向平面的水平方向为X轴方向,支架纵向平面中向上垂直于X轴的方向为Y轴方向,垂直支架纵向平面向外的方向为Z轴方向;底座坐标系{O 1}为:以底座上的O点为原点建立的D-H坐标系;后连杆坐标系{O 2}为:以后连杆与底座之间的关节位点A为原点建立的D-H坐标系;掩护梁坐标系{O 3}为:以掩护梁与后连杆之间的关节位点C为原点建立的D-H坐标系;顶梁坐标系{O 4}为:以顶梁与掩护梁之间的关节位点F为原点建立的D-H坐标系;D-H坐标转换模块包括关节旋转角转换模块、支护位姿转换模块;关节旋转角转换模块,根据所接收到的姿态角信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,通过几何换算,能够分别得到底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4,并将所得到的各关节旋转角传输至支护位姿转换模块;支护位姿转换模块,根据D-H坐标转换原理,利用D-H矩阵分析方法,结合关节旋转角转换模块所传输的各关节旋转角,以得到液压支架的支护高度h。
本发明的另一技术目的是提供一种基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架的检测方法,该检测方法在液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作步骤中,均需要实时监测液压支架的支护姿态,以判断液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作是否达到目标支护姿态,所述液压支架的支护姿态通过顶梁的姿态角以及选取在顶梁上的支护高度参考点K的支护高度h来表征;所述检测方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)在降架、移架、升架过程中,均需实时记录各IMU传感器反馈的位姿信息,以更新IMU传感器安装位置所在部件的姿态角;
IMU传感器具有三个,分别为安装在顶梁的第一IMU传感器、安装在后连杆的第二IMU传感器以及安装在底座的第三IMU传感器;
(2)通过坐标转换,将在绝对坐标系下各IMU传感器检测到的位姿信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,通过几何换算,能够分别得到底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4
(3)根据D-H矩阵坐标变换原理,根据上述得到的底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4,结合液压支架本身的结构参 数以及第一IMU传感器所反馈的顶梁姿态角,通过绝对坐标系{O 0}与D-H坐标系之间的坐标转换,得到支护高度h;支护高度h以支护高度参考点K相对于底座原点O在Y轴方向上的垂直距离来表达;
绝对坐标系{O 0}为:以支架纵向平面的水平方向为X轴方向,支架纵向平面中向上垂直于X轴的方向为Y轴方向,垂直支架纵向平面向外的方向为Z轴方向;底座坐标系{O 1}为:以底座上的O点为原点建立的D-H坐标系;后连杆坐标系{O 2}为:以后连杆与底座之间的关节位点A为原点建立的D-H坐标系;掩护梁坐标系{O 3}为:以掩护梁与后连杆之间的关节位点C为原点建立的D-H坐标系;顶梁坐标系{O 4}为:以顶梁与掩护梁之间的关节位点F为原点建立的D-H坐标系;
根据计算得到的支护高度h,与与降架、移架、升架操作后的支护高度目标值进行比较,判断液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作是否完成;
若降架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与降架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明降架操作完成,则进入移架操作,反之则继续进行降架操作;
若移架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与移架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明移架操作完成,则进入升架操作,反之则继续进行移架操作;
若升架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与升架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明升架操作完成,则结束液压支架的这一完整操作流程,反之则继续进行升架操作。
根据上述的技术方案,相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下的优点:
本发明在底座、后连杆、顶梁上均安装有一个IMU传感器,因此,可以实时地检测顶梁、后连杆和底座的运动状态;并通过特定的数据处理系统,以实时监控液压支架的位姿(顶梁的姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000001
支护高度h),尤其是对于液压支架的降架、移架、升降操作,能够在技术层面上给予指示,有效地降低工人的劳动强度,提高液压支架的工作效率。
附图说明
图1是一种液压支架的结构示意图;
图中:1-立柱;2-推移装置;3-底座;4-后连杆;5-前连杆;6-掩护梁;7-顶梁;8-平衡千斤顶;
图2是本发明所述液压支架的结构简图,其中,未标明IMU传感器的安装位置,也未展示液压支架的D-H坐标分析;
图3是本发明所述液压支架的结构简图,其中,标明了IMU传感器分别在底座、顶梁以及掩护梁上的安装位置,同时,展示了液压支架的D-H坐标分析示意图;
图4是工作空间转化关系示意图;
图5是液压支架支护位姿实时检测方法流程图;
附图中:
{O 0}为绝对坐标系,液压支架的纵向平面的水平方向为X轴方向,向上垂直X轴的方向为Y轴方向,向外垂直XY平面的方向为Z轴方向;原点O设置于底座尾端;
{x 1Oy 1}为底座坐标系{O 1};底座的姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000002
为:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000003
其中α 1,x1,y1,z分别是在X,Y,Z轴上的转角分量;
{x 2Ay 2}为后连杆坐标系{O 2};后连杆的姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000004
为:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000005
其中α 2,x2,y2,z分别是在X,Y,Z轴上的转角分量;
{x 3Cy 3}为掩护梁坐标系{O 3};
{x 4Fy 4}为顶梁坐标系{O 4};顶梁支护姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000006
为:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000007
其中α 4,x4,y4,z分别为顶梁姿态角在X,Y,Z轴上的转角分量;
h为支护高度;λ 1为立柱长度;λ 2为平衡千斤顶的长度;底座的关节旋转角θ 1;后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2;掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3;顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的,决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。除非另外具体说明,否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。同时,应当明白,为了便于描述,附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论,但在适当情况下,所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中,任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的,而不是作为限制。因此,示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。
为了便于描述,在这里可以使用空间相对术语,如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等,用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是,空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如,如果附图中的器件被倒置,则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而,示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)。
如图1-4所示,本发明所述的基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,包括底座、顶梁、掩护梁、前连杆、后连杆、立柱以及平衡千斤顶;顶梁通过立柱支撑在底座的上方,且顶梁的尾端与掩护梁的一端铰接,掩护梁的另一端具有两个相间设置的位点C、位点D;掩护梁的位点C、位点D分别通过前连杆、后连杆与底座上的位点A、位点B对应铰接,以构成支架四连杆机构;平衡千斤顶的一端与顶梁连接,另一端则与掩护梁连接;其特征在于,还包括三个IMU传感器以及支护位姿监测系统;其中:所述的三个IMU传感器,分别为第一IMU传感器、第二IMU传感器、第三IMU传感器;第一IMU传感器安装于顶梁,用于检测顶梁的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;第二IMU传感器安装于后连杆,用于检测后连杆的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;第三IMU传感器安装于底座,用于检测底座的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;支护位姿监测系统包括姿态角信息采集模块、姿态角信息分析处理模块、支护位姿输出模块;姿态角信息采集模块,能够接收各IMU传感器所 检测到的姿态角信息,并传输至姿态角信息分析处理模块;姿态角信息分析处理模块,能够接收姿态角信息采集模块所传输的姿态角信息,并将所接收到的姿态角信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,根据D-H矩阵坐标转换原理,转换计算后,得到液压支架的支护高度h,并将所得到的支护高度h与降架、移架、升架操作后的支护高度目标值进行比较,判断降架、移架、升架操作是否到位,实现对液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作过程中支护位姿的监测。
所述的姿态角信息分析处理模块,包括:D-H坐标转换模块,通过绝对坐标系{O 0}与D-H坐标系之间的坐标转换来实现;D-H坐标系包括底座坐标系{O 1}、后连杆坐标系{O 2}、掩护梁坐标系{O 3}以及顶梁坐标系{O 4};绝对坐标系{O 0}为:以支架纵向平面的水平方向为X轴方向,支架纵向平面中向上垂直于X轴的方向为Y轴方向,垂直支架纵向平面向外的方向为Z轴方向;底座坐标系{O 1}为:以底座上的O点为原点建立的D-H坐标系;后连杆坐标系{O 2}为:以后连杆与底座之间的关节位点A为原点建立的D-H坐标系;掩护梁坐标系{O 3}为:以掩护梁与后连杆之间的关节位点C为原点建立的D-H坐标系;顶梁坐标系{O 4}为:以顶梁与掩护梁之间的关节位点F为原点建立的D-H坐标系;D-H坐标转换模块包括关节旋转角转换模块、支护位姿转换模块;关节旋转角转换模块,根据所接收到的姿态角信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,通过几何换算,能够分别得到底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4,并将所得到的各关节旋转角传输至支护位姿转换模块;支护位姿转换模块,根据D-H坐标转换原理,利用D-H矩阵分析方法,结合关节旋转角转换模块所传输的各关节旋转角,以得到液压支架的支护高度h。
所述支护位姿转换模块,以支护高度参考点K相对于底座原点O在Y轴方向上的垂直距离来表达支护高度h:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000008
式中,支护高度参考点K在液压支架纵向平面内的位姿
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000009
由下式确定:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000010
验证位姿
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000011
中,顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000012
的有效性,具体方式是:液压支架的顶梁姿态角计算值为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000013
可由下式计算得到:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000014
将通过上式计算得到的顶梁姿态角计算值
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000015
与安装在顶梁上的第一IMU传感器检测得到的顶梁姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000016
进行比较,若两者的差值在误差允许范围内,则可以通过支护高 度h的表达式计算出支护高度h,若两者的差值超过误差允许的范围(主要是井下出现状况,比如围岩或者顶板等对液压支架有较大的冲击时,会出现计算误差),则需要初始化液压支架。
其中:支护高度参考点K为顶梁上的任意一点;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000017
为K点在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量;P(0,0,0) Y为原点O在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000018
为支护高度参考点K在绝对坐标系{O 0}中的坐标值;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000019
为底座坐标系{O 1}相对于绝对坐标系{O 0}的变换矩阵,
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000020
为后连杆坐标系{O 2}相对于底座坐标系{O 1}的变换矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000021
为掩护梁坐标系{O 3}相对于后连杆坐标系{O 2}的变换矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000022
为顶梁坐标系{O 4}相对于掩护梁坐标系{O 3}的变换矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000023
表示K点在顶梁坐标系{O 4}下的位姿,由液压支架结构参数确定;上述的
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000024
坐标转换矩阵,表示为液压支架在{O i}下的关节位点相对于坐标系{O i-1}的变换矩阵,以D-H矩阵参数来构建,D-H矩阵参数包括关节旋转角θ i,偏移量d i,扭转角α i,连杆长度l i,i=1,2,3…;
θ 1、θ 2、θ 3、θ 4分别表示底座旋转角、后连杆旋转角、掩护梁旋转角和顶梁旋转角;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000025
称为接近向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的z轴;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000026
称为姿态向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的y轴;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000027
代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴。
所述的关节旋转角转换模块中,底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4是通过下式计算:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000028
其中:α 1,z是底座的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 2,z是后连杆的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 4,z是顶梁的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;ξ 1、ξ 2为液压支架结构参数,ε、η为中间参数;液压支架结构参数ξ 1、ξ 2,中间参数ε、η的表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000032
式中:l AB为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点B之间的距离;l BC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点C之间的距离,
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000033
l AC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点C之间的距离;l CD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点D、关节位点C之间的距离;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000034
为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点C到DC *的距离,C *为垂足;l BD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点D之间的距离;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000035
为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B相对于底座的距离,B *为关节位点B在底座上的垂足;l OA为液压支架中,关节位点A与绝对坐标系{O 0}在底座上的原点O之间的距离。
步骤(2)中,底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4的表达式是通过下述步骤计算得到:
2.1、先计算出由底座、前连杆、后连杆与掩护梁所组成的支架四连杆机构中,各关节位点A、B、C与D在坐标系{O 2}下的坐标,分别为:A(0,0)、B(l ABsin(α 2,z1,z1),(l ABcos(α 2,z1,z1))、C(0,l AC)、
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000036
2.2、实时计算支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B与关节位点C之间的距离
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000037
2.3、根据步骤2.1、步骤2.2,再结合中间参数ε、η,得到各关节旋转角θ 1、θ 2、θ 3、θ 4的表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000038
其中:α 1,z是底座的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 2,z是后连杆的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 4,z是顶梁的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;ξ 1、ξ 2为液压支架结构参数,ε、η为中间参数;液压支架结构参数ξ 1、ξ 2,中间参数ε、η的表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000042
式中:l AB为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点B之间的距离;l BC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点C之间的距离;l AC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节 位点C之间的距离;l CD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点D、关节位点C之间的距离;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000043
为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点C到DC *的距离,C *为垂足;l BD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点D之间的距离;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000044
为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B相对于底座的距离,B *为关节位点B在底座上的垂足;l OA为液压支架中,关节位点A与绝对坐标系{O 0}在底座上的原点O之间的距离。
支护高度h的表达式是通过下述步骤得到:
3.1、构建液压支架在{O i}下的关节位点相对于坐标系{O i-1}绕液压支架纵向平面内Z轴旋转运动的变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000045
其中:i=1,2,3…;
3.2、以D-H矩阵参数,统一构建
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000046
所述的D-H矩阵参数为旋转角θ i,偏移量d i,扭转角α i,连杆长度l i
3.3、通过各旋转角θ i,求解液压支架上任意一点X在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000047
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000048
RPY(α 1,x1,y1,z)表示底座根据roll-pitch-yaw旋转序列而得到的旋转矩阵;
3.4、在顶梁选取K点作为液压支架支护高度参考点;则在绝对坐标系{O 0}下,液压支架的纵向平面内,K点的位姿表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000050
表示K点在顶梁坐标系{O 4}下的位姿,由液压支架结构参数确定;
3.5、液压支架的姿态矩阵为:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000051
3.6、验证顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000052
的有效性
液压支架的顶梁姿态角计算值
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000053
可由下式计算得到:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000054
将通过上式计算得到的顶梁姿态角计算值
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000055
与安装在顶梁上的第一IMU传感器检测得到的顶梁姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000056
进行比较,若两者的差值在误差允许范围内,表明顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴是有效的,则可以通过支护高度h的表达式计算出支护高度h,若两者的差值超过误差允许的范围,则需要初始化液压支架。
3.7、液压支架的支护高度h的表达式:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000057
式中:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000058
为K点在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量;P(0,0,0) Y为原点O在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量。
以下将结合附图详细地说明本发明的一个具体实施例。
首先建立如图3所示的D-H坐标系统示意图。设{O 0}为绝对坐标系,支架纵向水平为X轴方向,纵向垂直向上为Y轴方向,垂直XY平面向外为Z轴方向。{x 1Oy 1}为底座坐标系{O 1}、{x 2Ay 2}为后连杆坐标系{O 2}、{x 3Cy 3}为掩护梁坐标系{O 3}、{x 4Fy 4}为顶梁坐标系{O 4},支护高度为h,顶梁支护姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000059
其中α 4,x4,y4,z分别为顶梁姿态角在X,Y,Z轴上的转角分量;底座的姿态角为姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000060
其中α 1,x1,y1,z分别是在X,Y,Z轴上的转角分量;后连杆的姿态角为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000061
其中α 2,x2,y2,z分别是在X,Y,Z轴上的转角分量。
如图3所示,本发明在液压支架底座、后连杆与顶梁上装有IMU传感器,可获得液压支架在检测空间内的所有姿态变量。
如图4所示,本发明根据选取的变量参数不同,将液压支架的工作空间分为:驱动空间、关节空间、位姿空间、检测空间。其中,驱动空间由立柱长度λ 1与平衡千斤顶的长度λ 2组成;关节空间由底座、后连杆、掩护梁和顶梁的关节旋转角θ 1、θ 2、θ 3和θ 4组成;位姿空间由顶梁的支护高度h和姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000062
组成;检测空间为底座、后连杆和顶梁的姿态角变量组成。由工作空间的转换关系可知,位姿空间可根据关节空间和检测空间的一一对应关系相互转换。将检测空间内的传感信息转换为关节空间内的关节变量,然后利用D-H矩阵分析方法将关节变量转换到位姿空间的变量,其工作空间转换流程为“检测空间→关节空间→位姿空间”。
检测空间转换为关节空间,测量的三轴姿态角信息分为(α 1,x1,y1,z)、(α 2,x2,y2,z)和(α 4,x4,y4,z)。由底座、前连杆、后连杆与掩护梁所组成的四杆机构,通过几何换算即可得到掩护梁在关节空间内的转角变量。点A,B,C与D在坐标系{O 2}下的坐标系表示为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000063
其中×表示对应的关节点,则各关节点在{O 2}下的坐标分别为A(0,0)、B(l ABsin(α 2,z1,z1),(l ABcos(α 2,z1,z1))、C(0,l AC)、
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000064
其中,中间参数根据下式求解:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000065
其中l BC为四连杆机构中B点与C点之间的距离,随着四连杆机构的运动,两点的距离需要实时计算,求解如下式:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000066
基于以上中间变量的求解,即可实现从检测空间到关节空间的转换,具体的转换关系如下:其中ξ 1与ξ 2为液压支架结构参数。
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000067
关节空间转换为位姿空间,液压支架在{O i}下的关节点相对于坐标系{O i-1}(i=1,2,3…)绕纵向平面内Z轴旋转运动的变换矩阵如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000068
其中,θ i为绕Z轴逆时针旋转的角度,则有坐标系{O i-1}(i=1,2,3…)的坐标变换矩阵如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000069
A点在{O 1}下的位置坐标为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000070
容易求得,液压支架底座坐标系{O 1}相对于全局坐标系{O 0}的变换矩阵如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000071
C点在{O 2}下的位置坐标为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000072
则液压支架后连杆坐标系{O 2}相对于底座坐标系{O 1}的变换矩阵如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000073
F点在{O 3}下的位置坐标为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000074
则液压支架掩护梁坐标系{O 3}相对于后连杆坐标系{O 2}的变换矩阵如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000075
K点在{O 4}下的位置坐标为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000076
则液压支架顶梁坐标系{O 4}相对于掩护梁坐标系{O 3}的变换矩阵如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000077
为统一各个连杆之间的转换关系,以上各个变换矩阵可有D-H坐标系相邻连杆坐标系之间关系的四个几何参数统一表示,四个几何参数是:旋转角θ i-液压支架连杆绕Z轴旋转,按右手准则从X i轴转到与X i-1轴平行的转角;偏移量d i-液压支架连杆从Z i-1轴到Z i轴间的垂直距离;连杆长度l i-液压支架连杆Z i-1轴到Z i轴交点沿着Z i轴到达第i个坐标原点的距离;扭转角α i-液压支架连杆绕Z i轴按右手规则从Z i-1轴转到Z i轴的转角,统一后的坐标转换矩阵如下:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000078
对液压支架四连杆机构部分(包括底座、后连杆以及掩护梁),其D-H矩阵参数为旋转角θ i,偏移量d i,扭转角α i,连杆长度l i,故底座、后连杆、掩护梁和顶梁的D-H参数分别为{θ 1,d 11,l 1}、{θ 2,d 22,l 2}、{θ 3,d 33,l 3}和{θ 4,d 44,l 4},得到各旋转角后,即可通过下式求得任一点在{O}下的位姿为:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000079
其中RPY(α 1,x1,y1,z)表示底座根据roll-pitch-yaw旋转序列而得到的旋转矩阵,计算如下:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000080
将液压支架支护高度参考点选定为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000081
则在液压支架纵向平面内,执行末端K点位姿可表示如下:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000082
其中:支护高度参考点K为顶梁上的任意一点;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000083
为K点在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量;P(0,0,0) Y为原点O在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000084
为支护高度参考点K在绝对坐标系{O 0}中的坐标值;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000085
为底座坐标系{O 1}相对于绝对坐标系{O 0}的变换矩阵,
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000086
为后连杆坐标系{O 2}相对于底座坐标系{O 1}的变换矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000087
为掩护梁坐标系{O 3}相对于后连杆坐标系{O 2}的变换矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000088
为顶梁坐标系{O 4}相对于掩护梁坐标系{O 3}的变换矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000089
表示K点在顶梁坐标系{O 4}下的位姿,由液压支架结构参数确定;上述的
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000090
坐标转换矩阵,表示为液压支架在{O i}下的关节位点相对于坐标系{O i-1}的变换矩阵,以D-H矩阵参数来构建,D-H矩阵参数包括关节旋转角θ i,偏移量d i,扭转角α i,连杆长度 l i,i=1,2,3…;
θ 1、θ 2、θ 3、θ 4分别表示底座旋转角、后连杆旋转角、掩护梁旋转角和顶梁旋转角;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000091
称为接近向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的z轴;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000092
称为姿态向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的y轴;
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000093
代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴。
上述
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000094
由液压支架结构参数确定,则液压支架姿态矩阵表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000095
验证顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000096
的有效性,具体方式是:液压支架的顶梁姿态角计算值为
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000097
可由下式计算得到:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000098
将通过上式计算得到的顶梁姿态角计算值
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000099
与安装在顶梁上的第一IMU传感器检测得到的顶梁姿态角
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000100
进行比较,若两者的差值在误差允许范围内,则可以通过支护高度h的表达式计算出支护高度h,若两者的差值超过误差允许的范围,则需要初始化液压支架。
液压支架的支护高度h即可由K点相对于底座原点O在Y轴方向上的垂直距离而确定,则液压支架的支护高度可按下式求解:
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000101
其中P(×) Y定义为某点×在其Y轴上的坐标分量,经过以上分析和计算,即可得到液压支架的支护高度h与姿态角变量
Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-000102
即实现了从关节空间到位姿空间的转换。
根据上述的液压支架,可知本发明还可以提供一种基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架的检测方法,如图5所示,该检测方法在液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作步骤中,均需要实时监测液压支架的支护姿态,以判断液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作是否达到目标支护姿态,所述液压支架的支护姿态通过顶梁的姿态角以及选取在顶梁上的支护高度参考点K的支护高度h来表征;所述检测方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)在降架、移架、升架过程中,均需实时记录各IMU传感器反馈的位姿信息,以更新IMU传感器安装位置所在部件的姿态角;
IMU传感器具有三个,分别为安装在顶梁的第一IMU传感器、安装在后连杆的第二IMU传感器以及安装在底座的第三IMU传感器;
(2)通过坐标转换,将在绝对坐标系下各IMU传感器检测到的位姿信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,通过几何换算,能够分别得到底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4
(3)根据D-H矩阵坐标变换原理,根据上述得到的底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的 关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4,结合液压支架本身的结构参数以及第一IMU传感器所反馈的顶梁姿态角,通过绝对坐标系{O 0}与D-H坐标系之间的坐标转换,得到支护高度h;支护高度h以支护高度参考点K相对于底座原点O在Y轴方向上的垂直距离来表达;
绝对坐标系{O 0}为:以支架纵向平面的水平方向为X轴方向,支架纵向平面中向上垂直于X轴的方向为Y轴方向,垂直支架纵向平面向外的方向为Z轴方向;底座坐标系{O 1}为:以底座上的O点为原点建立的D-H坐标系;后连杆坐标系{O 2}为:以后连杆与底座之间的关节位点A为原点建立的D-H坐标系;掩护梁坐标系{O 3}为:以掩护梁与后连杆之间的关节位点C为原点建立的D-H坐标系;顶梁坐标系{O 4}为:以顶梁与掩护梁之间的关节位点F为原点建立的D-H坐标系;
根据计算得到的支护高度h,与与降架、移架、升架操作后的支护高度目标值进行比较,判断液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作是否完成;
若降架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与降架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明降架操作完成,则进入移架操作,反之则继续进行降架操作;
若移架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与移架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明移架操作完成,则进入升架操作,反之则继续进行移架操作;
若升架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与升架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明升架操作完成,则结束液压支架的这一完整操作流程,反之则继续进行升架操作。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,包括底座、顶梁、掩护梁、前连杆、后连杆、立柱以及平衡千斤顶;顶梁通过立柱支撑在底座的上方,且顶梁的尾端与掩护梁的一端铰接,掩护梁的另一端具有两个相间设置的位点C、位点D;掩护梁的位点C、位点D分别通过前连杆、后连杆与底座上的位点A、位点B对应铰接,以构成支架四连杆机构;平衡千斤顶的一端与顶梁连接,另一端则与掩护梁连接;其特征在于,还包括三个IMU传感器以及支护位姿监测系统;其中:
    所述的三个IMU传感器,分别为第一IMU传感器、第二IMU传感器、第三IMU传感器;
    第一IMU传感器安装于顶梁,用于检测顶梁的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;
    第二IMU传感器安装于后连杆,用于检测后连杆的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;
    第三IMU传感器安装于底座,用于检测底座的姿态角信息,并反馈至支护位姿监测系统;
    支护位姿监测系统包括姿态角信息采集模块、姿态角信息分析处理模块、支护位姿输出模块;
    姿态角信息采集模块,能够接收各IMU传感器所检测到的姿态角信息,并传输至姿态角信息分析处理模块;
    姿态角信息分析处理模块,能够接收姿态角信息采集模块所传输的姿态角信息,并将所接收到的姿态角信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,根据D-H矩阵坐标转换原理,转换计算后,得到液压支架的支护高度h,并将所得到的支护高度h与降架、移架、升架操作后的支护高度目标值进行比较,判断降架、移架、升架操作是否到位,实现对液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作过程中支护位姿的监测。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,其特征在于,所述的姿态角信息分析处理模块,包括:
    D-H坐标转换模块,通过绝对坐标系{O 0}与D-H坐标系之间的坐标转换来实现;
    D-H坐标系包括底座坐标系{O 1}、后连杆坐标系{O 2}、掩护梁坐标系{O 3}以及顶梁坐标系{O 4};
    绝对坐标系{O 0}为:以支架纵向平面的水平方向为X轴方向,支架纵向平面中向上垂直于X轴的方向为Y轴方向,垂直支架纵向平面向外的方向为Z轴方向;底座坐标系{O 1}为:以底座上的O点为原点建立的D-H坐标系;后连杆坐标系{O 2}为:以后连杆与底座之间的关节位点A为原点建立的D-H坐标系;掩护梁坐标系{O 3}为:以掩护梁与后连杆之间的关节位点C为原点建立的D-H坐标系;顶梁坐标系{O 4}为:以顶梁与掩护梁之间的关节位点F为原点建立的D-H坐标系;
    D-H坐标转换模块包括关节旋转角转换模块、支护位姿转换模块;
    关节旋转角转换模块,根据所接收到的姿态角信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,通过几何换算,能够分别得到底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4,并将所得到的各关节旋转角传输至支护位姿转换模块;
    支护位姿转换模块,根据D-H坐标转换原理,利用D-H矩阵分析方法,结合关节旋转角转 换模块所传输的各关节旋转角,以得到液压支架的支护高度h。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,其特征在于,所述支护位姿转换模块,以支护高度参考点K相对于底座原点O在Y轴方向上的垂直距离来表达支护高度h:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100001
    式中,支护高度参考点K在液压支架纵向平面内的位姿
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100002
    由下式确定:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100003
    且顶梁姿态角计算值
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100004
    与安装在顶梁上的第一IMU传感器检测得到的顶梁姿态角
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100005
    的差值在误差允许范围内,其中:液压支架的顶梁姿态角计算值为
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100006
    的表达式为:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100007
    其中:支护高度参考点K为顶梁上的任意一点;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100008
    为支护高度参考点K在绝对坐标系{O 0}中的坐标值;P(0,0,0) Y为底座原点O在绝对坐标系{O 0}中的坐标值;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100009
    为底座坐标系{O 1}相对于绝对坐标系{O 0}的变换矩阵,
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100010
    为后连杆坐标系{O 2}相对于底座坐标系{O 1}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100011
    为掩护梁坐标系{O 3}相对于后连杆坐标系{O 2}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100012
    为顶梁坐标系{O 4}相对于掩护梁坐标系{O 3}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100013
    表示K点在顶梁坐标系{O 4}下的位姿,由液压支架结构参数确定;上述的
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100014
    坐标转换矩阵,表示为液压支架在{O i}下的关节位点相对于坐标系{O i-1}的变换矩阵,以D-H矩阵参数来构建,D-H矩阵参数包括关节旋转角θ i,偏移量d i,扭转角α i,连杆长度l i,i=1,2,3…;
    θ 1、θ 2、θ 3、θ 4分别表示底座旋转角、后连杆旋转角、掩护梁旋转角和顶梁旋转角;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100015
    称为接近向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的z轴;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100016
    称为姿态向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的y轴;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100017
    代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,其特征在于,所述的关节旋转角转换模块中,底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4是通过下式计算:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100018
    其中:α 1,z是底座的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 2,z是后连杆的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 4,z是顶梁的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;ξ 1、ξ 2为液压支架结构参数,ε、η为中间参数;液压支架结构参数ξ 1、ξ 2,中间参数ε、η的表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100019
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100020
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100021
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100022
    式中:l AB为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点B之间的距离;l BC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点C之间的距离,
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100023
    l AC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点C之间的距离;l CD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点D、关节位点C之间的距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100024
    为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点C到DC *的距离,C *为垂足;l BD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点D之间的距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100025
    为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B相对于底座的距离,B *为关节位点B在底座上的垂足;l OA为液压支架中,关节位点A与绝对坐标系{O 0}在底座上的原点O之间的距离。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4的表达式是通过下述步骤计算得到:
    2.1、先计算出由底座、前连杆、后连杆与掩护梁所组成的支架四连杆机构中,各关节位点A、B、C与D在坐标系{O 2}下的坐标,分别为:A(0,0)、B(l ABsin(α 2,z+α1,z-ξ1,(lABcosα2,z+α1,z-ξ1、C0,lAC、DxC2-lCDsinε+η,yC2-lCDcosε+η;
    2.2、实时计算支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B与关节位点C之间的距离
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100026
    2.3、根据步骤2.1、步骤2.2,再结合中间参数ε、η,得到各关节旋转角θ 1、θ 2、θ 3、θ 4的表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100027
    其中:α 1,z是底座的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 2,z是后连杆的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 4,z是顶梁的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;ξ 1、ξ 2为液压支架结构参数,ε、η为中间参数;液压支架结构参数ξ 1、ξ 2,中间参数ε、η的表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100028
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100029
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100030
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100031
    式中:l AB为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点B之间的距离;l BC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点C之间的距离;l AC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点C之间的距离;l CD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点D、关节位点C之间的距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100032
    为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点C到DC *的距离,C *为垂足;l BD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点D之间的距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100033
    为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B相对于底座的距离,B *为关节位点B在底座上的垂足;l OA为液压支架中,关节位点A与绝对坐标系{O 0}在底座上的原点O之间的距离。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架,其特征在于,支护高度h的表达式是通过下述步骤得到:
    3.1、构建液压支架在{O i}下的关节位点相对于坐标系{O i-1}绕液压支架纵向平面内Z轴旋转运动的变换矩阵
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100034
    其中:i=1,2,3…;
    3.2、以D-H矩阵参数,统一构建
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100035
    所述的D-H矩阵参数为旋转角θ i,偏移量d i,扭转角α i,连杆长度l i
    3.3、通过各旋转角θ i,求解液压支架上任意一点X在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100036
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100037
    RPY(α 1,x1,y1,z)表示底座根据roll-pitch-yaw旋转序列而得到的旋转矩阵;
    3.4、在顶梁选取K点作为液压支架支护高度参考点;则在绝对坐标系{O 0}下,液压支架的纵向平面内,K点的位姿表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100038
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100039
    为支护高度参考点K在绝对坐标系{O 0}中的坐标值;P(0,0,0) Y为底座原点O在绝对坐标系{O 0}中的坐标值;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100040
    为底座坐标系{O 1}相对于绝对坐标系{O 0}的变换矩阵,
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100041
    为后连杆坐标系{O 2}相对于底座坐标系{O 1}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100042
    为掩护梁坐标系{O 3}相对于后连杆坐标系{O 2}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100043
    为顶梁坐标系{O 4}相对于掩护梁坐标系{O 3}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100044
    表示K点在顶梁坐标系{O 4}下的位姿,由液压支架结构参数确定;上述的
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100045
    坐标转换矩阵,表示为液压支架在{O i}下的关节位点相对于坐标系{O i-1}的变换矩阵,以D-H矩阵参数来构建,D-H矩阵参数包括关节旋转角θ i,偏移量d i,扭转角α i,连杆长度l i,i=1,2,3…;
    θ 1、θ 2、θ 3、θ 4分别表示底座旋转角、后连杆旋转角、掩护梁旋转角和顶梁旋转角;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100046
    称为接近向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的z轴;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100047
    称为姿态向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的y轴;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100048
    代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴;
    3.5、液压支架的姿态矩阵为:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100049
    3.6、验证位姿
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100050
    或液压支架的姿态矩阵中,顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100051
    的有效性,具体方式是:
    液压支架的顶梁姿态角计算值为
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100052
    可由下式计算得到:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100053
    将通过上式计算得到的顶梁姿态角计算值
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100054
    与安装在顶梁上的第一IMU传感器检测得到的顶梁姿态角
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100055
    进行比较,若两者的差值在误差允许范围内,则通过支护高度h的表达式计算出支护高度h,若两者的差值超过误差允许的范围,则需要初始化液压支架;
    3.7、计算液压支架的支护高度h:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100056
    式中:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100057
    为K点在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量;P(0,0,0) Y为原点O在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量。
  7. 一种基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架的检测方法,其特征在于,在液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作步骤中,均需要实时监测液压支架的支护姿态,以判断液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作是否达到目标支护姿态,所述液压支架的支护姿态通过顶梁的姿态角以及选取在顶梁上的支护高度参考点K的支护高度h来表征;所述检测方法具体包括以下步骤:
    (1)在降架、移架、升架过程中,均需实时记录各IMU传感器反馈的位姿信息,以更新IMU传感器安装位置所在部件的姿态角;
    IMU传感器具有三个,分别为安装在顶梁的第一IMU传感器、安装在后连杆的第二IMU传感器以及安装在底座的第三IMU传感器;
    (2)通过坐标转换,将在绝对坐标系下各IMU传感器检测到的位姿信息,结合支架四连杆机构中各杆件的长度,通过几何换算,能够分别得到底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4
    (3)根据D-H矩阵坐标变换原理,根据上述得到的底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4,结合液压支架本身的结构参数以及第一IMU传感器所反馈的顶梁姿态角,通过绝对坐标系{O 0}与D-H坐标系之间的坐标转换,得到支护高度h;支护高度h以支护高度参考点K相对于底座原点O在Y轴方向上的垂直距离来表达;
    绝对坐标系{O 0}为:以支架纵向平面的水平方向为X轴方向,支架纵向平面中向上垂直于X轴的方向为Y轴方向,垂直支架纵向平面向外的方向为Z轴方向;底座坐标系{O 1}为:以底座上的O点为原点建立的D-H坐标系;后连杆坐标系{O 2}为:以后连杆与底座之间的关节位点A为原点建立的D-H坐标系;掩护梁坐标系{O 3}为:以掩护梁与后连杆之间的关节位点C为原点建立的D-H坐标系;顶梁坐标系{O 4}为:以顶梁与掩护梁之间的关节位点F为原点建立的D-H坐标系;
    根据计算得到的支护高度h,与与降架、移架、升架操作后的支护高度目标值进行比较,判断液压支架的降架、移架、升架操作是否完成;
    若降架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与降架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明降架操作完成,则进入移架操作,反之则继续进行降架操作;
    若移架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与移架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明移架操作完成,则进入升架操作,反之则继续进行移架操作;
    若升架操作过程中,计算得到的支护高度h,与升架操作的支护高度目标值一致,表明升架操作完成,则结束液压支架的这一完整操作流程,反之则继续进行升架操作。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架的检测方法,其特征在于,底座的关节旋转角θ 1、后连杆的关节旋转角θ 2、掩护梁的关节旋转角θ 3、顶梁的关节旋转角θ 4是通过下式计算:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100058
    其中:α 1,z是底座的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 2,z是后连杆的姿态角 在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;α 4,z是顶梁的姿态角在绝对坐标系{O 0}下Z方向上的分量;ξ 1、ξ 2为液压支架结构参数,ε、η为中间参数;液压支架结构参数ξ 1、ξ 2,中间参数ε、η的表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100059
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100060
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100061
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100062
    式中:l AB为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点B之间的距离;l BC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点C之间的距离,
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100063
    l AC为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点A、关节位点C之间的距离;l CD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点D、关节位点C之间的距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100064
    为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点C到DC *的距离,C *为垂足;l BD为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B、关节位点D之间的距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100065
    为支架四连杆机构中,关节位点B相对于底座的距离,B *为关节位点B在底座上的垂足;l OA为液压支架中,关节位点A与绝对坐标系{O 0}在底座上的原点O之间的距离。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的基于IMU实时监测支护位姿的液压支架的检测方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,支护高度h的表达式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100066
    式中,支护高度参考点K在液压支架纵向平面内的位姿
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100067
    由下式确定:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100068
    且顶梁姿态角计算值
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100069
    与安装在顶梁上的第一IMU传感器检测得到的顶梁姿态角
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100070
    的差值在误差允许范围内,其中:液压支架的顶梁姿态角计算值为
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100071
    的表达式为:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100072
    其中:支护高度参考点K为顶梁上的任意一点;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100073
    为K点在绝对坐标系{O 0}下 的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量;P(0,0,0) Y为原点O在绝对坐标系{O 0}下的位姿在Y轴上的坐标分量;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100074
    为支护高度参考点K在绝对坐标系{O 0}中的坐标值;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100075
    为底座坐标系{O 1}相对于绝对坐标系{O 0}的变换矩阵,
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100076
    为后连杆坐标系{O 2}相对于底座坐标系{O 1}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100077
    为掩护梁坐标系{O 3}相对于后连杆坐标系{O 2}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100078
    为顶梁坐标系{O 4}相对于掩护梁坐标系{O 3}的变换矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100079
    表示K点在顶梁坐标系{O 4}下的位姿,由液压支架结构参数确定;上述的
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100080
    坐标转换矩阵,表示为液压支架在{O i}下的关节位点相对于坐标系{O i-1}的变换矩阵,以D-H矩阵参数来构建,D-H矩阵参数包括关节旋转角θ i,偏移量d i,扭转角α i,连杆长度l i,i=1,2,3…;
    θ 1、θ 2、θ 3、θ 4分别表示底座旋转角、后连杆旋转角、掩护梁旋转角和顶梁旋转角;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100081
    称为接近向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的z轴;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100082
    称为姿态向量,代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的y轴;
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100083
    代表顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴;
    在计算出位姿
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100084
    后,需要验证位姿
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100085
    中,顶梁在绝对坐标系中的x轴
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100086
    的有效性,具体方式是:液压支架的顶梁姿态角计算值为
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100087
    可由下式计算得到:
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100088
    将通过上式计算得到的顶梁姿态角计算值
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100089
    与安装在顶梁上的第一IMU传感器检测得到的顶梁姿态角
    Figure PCTCN2019091625-appb-100090
    进行比较,若两者的差值在误差允许范围内,则可以通过支护高度h的表达式计算出支护高度h,若两者的差值超过误差允许的范围,则需要初始化液压支架。
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