WO2020133666A1 - 一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础 - Google Patents

一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133666A1
WO2020133666A1 PCT/CN2019/075976 CN2019075976W WO2020133666A1 WO 2020133666 A1 WO2020133666 A1 WO 2020133666A1 CN 2019075976 W CN2019075976 W CN 2019075976W WO 2020133666 A1 WO2020133666 A1 WO 2020133666A1
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Prior art keywords
foundation
plate
free
shallow
sinking
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/075976
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘君
韩聪聪
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Publication date
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Priority to US17/258,404 priority Critical patent/US11396732B2/en
Priority to AU2019417183A priority patent/AU2019417183B2/en
Publication of WO2020133666A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133666A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/16—Jointing caissons to the foundation soil, specially to uneven foundation soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E02D27/04—Flat foundations in water or on quicksand
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/44—Foundations for machines, engines or ordnance
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/46—Foundations for supply conduits or other canals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/08—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against transmission of vibrations or movements in the foundation soil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L1/00—Laying or reclaiming pipes; Repairing or joining pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/12—Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water
    • F16L1/20—Accessories therefor, e.g. floats or weights

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering, and relates to a shallow foundation of a free-form submarine anti-sinking plate.
  • the shallow foundation of the submarine anti-sinking plate is used to support various underwater production systems, such as manifolds, pipe span protection devices, wellhead base plates, restrictive valves, isolation valves, pipeline terminals, etc.
  • the pipeline connected to the shallow foundation will expand axially when the oil is transported at high temperature and high pressure, thus applying a horizontal thrust to the shallow foundation.
  • the shallow foundation should be able to resist this horizontal thrust, that is, the shallow foundation will not slide horizontally under this horizontal thrust. Therefore, the size of the shallow foundation should be large enough to meet the anti-skid design requirements.
  • the shallow foundation and submarine pipelines of submarine anti-sinking panels are installed by pipeline laying vessels. If the size of the shallow foundation is too large to exceed the loading or hoisting capacity of the pipeline laying vessel, another large installation vessel is required to install
  • the shallow foundation of the sinking plate greatly increases the installation cost.
  • a compatible shallow foundation of the anti-sinking board appeared.
  • the horizontal thrust force exerted by the pipeline on the shallow foundation due to the effect of temperature and pressure is greater than the horizontal anti-slip force of the foundation, the shallow foundation is allowed to slide horizontally on the surface of the seabed, so that the axial force on the pipeline is released to a certain extent.
  • the pipeline oil transfer expands, the shallow foundation slides horizontally; when the pipeline ends the oil transfer, the shallow foundation slides horizontally to the original installation position.
  • the base soil body undergoes shear deformation, and the soil body has excess pore pressure accumulation and strain softening, accompanied by shear settlement; when the foundation is stabilized on the seabed, the base soil body begins to drain and solidify Knot, and accompanied by consolidation and settlement. Therefore, during the period of periodic oil transportation-stopping of the pipeline, the shallow foundation of the anti-sinking plate periodically slips horizontally, and the interaction between the shallow foundation and the soil is very complicated.
  • the horizontal thrust exerted by the pipeline on the shallow foundation due to the effect of temperature and pressure may produce bending moments and torques on the shallow foundation, causing the foundation to rotate and tilt, and even cause damage to the connection point of the submarine pipeline and the underwater production system.
  • the present invention proposes a free-form submarine anti-sinking shallow foundation to reduce the horizontal thrust of the pipeline on the shallow foundation due to the expansion of high temperature and high pressure.
  • it can reduce the size and weight of the shallow foundation, reduce production and transportation costs, and installation costs; on the other hand, it can reduce the risk of pipeline buckling damage caused by high temperature and high pressure expansion, and can avoid the above-mentioned compatible shallow foundation due to cyclic softening.
  • the resulting vertical settlement is a free-form submarine anti-sinking shallow foundation to reduce the horizontal thrust of the pipeline on the shallow foundation due to the expansion of high temperature and high pressure.
  • a free-form submarine anti-sinking plate shallow foundation mainly composed of a lower-level foundation 1, an upper-level foundation 2 and a top cover plate 3;
  • the lower-level foundation 1 sits on the surface of the seabed and is used to support the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate shallow foundation And the weight of the underwater production system 4;
  • the bottom surface of the top cover plate 3 is connected to the top surface of the lower foundation 1, the interior of the lower foundation 1 is a hollow structure, the upper foundation 2 is located in the inner space of the lower foundation 1, and in the lower layer
  • the horizontal movement is realized in foundation 1.
  • the lower foundation 1 is mainly composed of a bottom plate 11, a baffle plate 12 and a skirt plate 14; a plurality of skirt plates 14 are symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate 11, and the skirt plates 14 are embedded in the seabed soil to increase the free-form seabed
  • the baffle 12 is fixed around the upper surface of the bottom plate 11 to form an open hollow cuboid structure;
  • a plurality of screw holes a13 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the board 12 for fixing the top cover 3.
  • the upper foundation 2 is mainly composed of an upper flat foundation 21, a limit block 24 and a universal rolling ball bearing 25;
  • the upper flat foundation 21 has a plurality of springs 22 symmetrically installed on its sides and the upper flat foundation 21 The size is smaller than the size of the hollow cuboid structure enclosed by the baffle 12 and the bottom plate 11;
  • the spring 22 has one end connected to the side of the upper flat foundation 21 and the other end connected to the inner side of the baffle 12;
  • the upper flat foundation 21 A plurality of positioning pin holes a23 are provided symmetrically;
  • the limit blocks 24 are installed at the four corners of the upper surface of the upper flat foundation 21 to limit the movement direction of the upper foundation 2;
  • the universal rolling ball bearing 25 is installed at the upper portion
  • the bottom of the flat foundation 21, the bottom of the universal rolling ball bearing 25 is in contact with the bottom plate 11;
  • the underwater production system 4 is installed on the upper surface of the upper flat foundation 21, and one end of the submarine pipeline 5 communicates with the underwater production system 4 for Oil transportation;
  • the top cover plate 3 is mainly composed of a top plate 31 and a hoist ring 32; the top plate 31 is a flat plate with a middle opening, and the middle opening is used for the underwater production system 4 and the submarine pipeline 5 to protrude from; the top plate 31 A plurality of screw holes b32 are provided, corresponding to the screw holes a13 on the baffle plate 12, and the top plate 31 is fixed on the baffle plate 12 through the cooperation of the screw 8 and the screw holes b32 and the screw holes a13;
  • the positioning pin hole b34 is provided, corresponding to the positioning pin hole a23 on the upper flat foundation 21, and the upper foundation 2 is fixedly connected to the top cover plate 3 through the cooperation of the positioning pin 7 and the positioning pin hole b34 and the positioning pin hole a23;
  • the lifting rings 33 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the roof plate 31, and are used for lifting the roof plate 31 and installing and recovering the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate.
  • the height of the baffle 12 is greater than the sum of the heights of the upper flat foundation 21, the universal rolling ball bearing 25 and the limit block 24.
  • the upper foundation 2 When the upper foundation 2 is placed on the bottom plate 11, the top surface of the baffle 12 and the limit block 24 There is a height difference between the top surfaces, so that the top plate 31 is fixed on the baffle 12 without contacting the limit block 24; after the top plate 31 is installed, there is a gap between the bottom surface of the top plate 31 and the top surface of the limit block 24, the size of the gap meets The following principles:
  • the size of the gap left allows the top plate 31 to restrain the vertical displacement of the limit block 24 and avoid the movement of the upper foundation 2 out of the horizontal plane.
  • the spring 22 is connected between the upper flat foundation 21 and the baffle 12. When there is no interaction force between the upper flat foundation 21 and the baffle 12, the spring 22 keeps the original length; when the upper flat foundation 21 and the baffle 12 When there is an interaction force, the spring 22 on one side of the upper flat foundation 21 is tensioned and the spring 22 on the other side is compressed; the compression limit or the extension limit of the spring 22 is not less than that of the submarine pipeline 5 under temperature and pressure
  • An anode protection device 15 is installed inside the baffle 12 to prevent the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate from corroding in the seawater environment.
  • a vibration damping device 6 composed of a spring and a damper is provided between the underwater production system 4 and the upper flat foundation 21 to reduce the impact of the vibration of the underwater production system 4 on the submarine pipeline 5 while reducing
  • the vibration of the underwater production system 4 during operation causes the circulation disturbance of the base soil.
  • the skirt board 14 is a grid-shaped skirt board, a cylindrical short pile or a suction cylinder.
  • the fixing method of the baffle 12 and the bottom plate 11 is welding, riveting or screw connection.
  • the spring 22 is connected to the upper flat foundation 21 and the baffle plate 12 through bolts or rivets.
  • the universal ball bearing 25 and the upper flat foundation 21 are connected by bolts or rivets.
  • the size and number of the universal ball bearing 25 are determined according to actual requirements.
  • the limiting block 24 is a universal rolling ball bearing.
  • the positioning pin 7 passes through the positioning pin hole b 34 on the top plate 31 and the positioning pin hole a 23 on the upper foundation 2 to fix the upper foundation 2;
  • the lower robot ROV pulls out the positioning pin 7 to allow the upper foundation 2 to slide horizontally on the bottom plate 11;
  • the positioning pin 7 When recovering the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking board, the positioning pin 7 is passed through the positioning pin hole b 34 on the top plate 31 and the positioning pin hole a 23 on the upper base 2 by the underwater robot ROV to fix the upper base 2 to prevent
  • the upper foundation 2 moves in the semi-enclosed space formed between the baffle 12 and the bottom plate 11; the recovered free-form submarine anti-sinking plate shallow foundation can be reused, so the free-form anti-sinking plate shallow foundation of the present invention is an environment Friendly shallow seabed foundation.
  • the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate shallow foundation proposed in the present invention is smaller in size than the traditional anti-sinking plate foundation, which can reduce production costs; the free-type submarine anti-sinking plate shallow foundation can be directly transported by pipeline laying ship And installation, which significantly reduces transportation and installation costs; the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate allows the upper foundation to slide horizontally while the lower foundation remains stationary, which can effectively reduce the horizontal thrust exerted by the pipeline on the shallow foundation due to high temperature and high pressure.
  • the vibration reduction system composed of the spring-damper provided on the upper layer can effectively reduce the equipment vibration on the base soil
  • the disturbance of the body avoids the decrease of soil properties. Since there is no relative movement between the underlying foundation and the base soil body, the vertical settlement of the aforementioned compatible shallow foundation due to cyclic softening can be avoided.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking board.
  • Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the underlying foundation.
  • Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the upper layer foundation.
  • Figure 2c is a schematic diagram of the top cover.
  • Figure 3a is a top view of a shallow foundation of a free-form submarine anti-sinking plate.
  • Fig. 3b is a cross-sectional view of the free foundation A-A cross-section of the subsidence-preventing plate.
  • Figure 3c is a B-B cross-sectional view of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate.
  • Figure 4 shows the structure of the universal rolling ball bearing at the bottom of the upper layer.
  • 5a and 5b are schematic diagrams of the grid-shaped skirt board at the bottom of the bottom plate.
  • 5c and 5d are schematic diagrams of short piles at the bottom of the bottom plate.
  • Figures 1, 2a ⁇ 2c, and 3a ⁇ 3c are schematic diagrams of shallow foundations of free-form submarine anti-sinking plates, which are mainly composed of lower foundation 1, upper foundation 2, and top cover 3;
  • the lower foundation 1 includes bottom plate 11, Plate 12 and skirt plate 14, the bottom plate 11 sits on the surface of the seabed and is used to support the weight of the free foundation of the anti-sinking plate and the underwater production system 4;
  • the skirt plate 14 is arranged under the bottom plate 11
  • the skirt board 14 is embedded in the seabed soil and is used to increase the horizontal anti-sliding force and vertical bearing capacity of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate, thereby improving the in-situ stability of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate.
  • the skirt plate 14 is also used to increase the rigidity of the bottom plate 11; the size of the bottom plate 11 should meet the design requirements of the bearing capacity.
  • the ultimate bearing capacity of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate
  • Fu is the vertical ultimate bearing capacity of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate
  • N c is the bearing capacity coefficient
  • the aspect ratio with the bottom plate 11, the size and arrangement of the skirt plate 14, and the heterogeneity of the soil Coefficients are related
  • s um is the undrained shear strength of the seabed surface soil
  • A is the floor area.
  • the total weight W of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate and the upper part of the underwater production system 4 should not exceed 0.5F u . Therefore, the size of the bottom plate 11 can be determined according to the weight of the free foundation of the submarine anti-sinking plate and the weight of the underwater production system 4 and formula (1).
  • the baffle 12 is fixed on the bottom plate 11, and the baffle 12 and the bottom plate 11 are fixed by welding, riveting, screw connection, etc.; the anode protection device 15 is installed inside the baffle 12 to prevent the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate from being shallow
  • the foundation is corroded in the seawater environment.
  • the upper foundation 2 includes an upper flat foundation 21, a limit block 24 and a universal ball bearing 25; the upper flat foundation 21 is used to support the underwater production system 4; the upper flat foundation 21 is connected around There is a spring 22 which is connected to the upper flat foundation 21 at one end and the baffle 12 at the other end; when there is no interaction force between the upper flat foundation 21 and the baffle 12, the spring 22 keeps the original length; when the upper flat foundation When there is an interaction force between 21 and the baffle 12, the spring 22 on one side of the upper flat foundation 21 is pulled and the spring 22 on the other side is compressed; the spring 22 is connected to the upper flat foundation 21 and On the baffle 12.
  • ⁇ l is the expansion of the pipeline of length l
  • ⁇ l is the linear expansion coefficient of the pipeline
  • ⁇ T is the difference between the temperature of the pipeline and the temperature of the seabed
  • the ultimate compression or ultimate elongation of the spring 22 It should not be less than the maximum elongation of submarine pipeline 5 under the effect of temperature and pressure.
  • the stiffness of the spring 22 should meet the following requirements: when the spring 22 is at the limit compression or limit extension length, the corresponding spring restoring force does not exceed the horizontal anti-sliding force F H of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate;
  • F s, u is the corresponding restoring force of the spring at the ultimate tension or compression
  • k is the spring stiffness
  • ⁇ d u is the ultimate tension or compression length of the spring.
  • the rigidity of the spring 22 should also meet the following requirements: when the spring 22 is at the ultimate compression or ultimate extension length, the corresponding spring restoring force does not exceed the buckling pressure of the submarine pipeline 5.
  • F N is the restoring force of the spring
  • E is the elastic modulus of the pipe
  • A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe.
  • F buckling is the buckling pressure of the pipeline; it should be noted that in formulas (3) and (4), k is the total stiffness of the spring, and the spring should be determined according to formulas (3) and (4) in combination with actual needs The number of 22.
  • the horizontal anti-sliding force of the shallow foundation of the free-form seabed dustproof board is provided by the bottom plate 11 and the skirt plate 14 according to factors such as the size of the skirt plate 14, the soil strength, and the area of the bottom plate 11.
  • the upper flat foundation 21 is provided with positioning pin holes a23, which are used for fixing the upper foundation 2 during the installation and recovery of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking board.
  • a plurality of universal rolling ball bearings 25 are installed at the bottom of the upper flat foundation 21, as shown in FIG. 4;
  • the universal rolling ball bearing 25 is composed of a spherical body, a ball bearing seat, a ball bearing cover, and a small ball storage bin Composed of small balls, the spherical body can roll freely in all directions;
  • the universal rolling ball bearing 25 and the upper flat foundation 21 are connected by bolts, rivets, etc.; the size and number of the universal rolling ball bearing 25 are based on The actual need to choose;
  • the universal rolling ball bearing 25 is placed on the bottom plate 11, when the upper flat foundation 21 is subjected to the horizontal thrust of the submarine pipeline 5 due to the temperature and pressure, the universal fixed on the bottom of the upper flat foundation 21
  • the rolling ball bearing 25 rolls on the bottom plate 11 so as to horizontally move the upper flat foundation 21, and to a certain extent releases the axial force caused by the high temperature and high pressure oil transportation of the submarine pipeline 5 connected to the upper flat foundation 21.
  • the four upper corners of the upper flat foundation 21 are provided with four universal rolling ball bearings as limit blocks 24.
  • the limit blocks 24 are used to limit the movement of the upper base 2 beyond the horizontal plane.
  • the top cover plate 3 includes a top plate 31 and a lifting ring 32.
  • the top plate 31 is a flat plate with an intermediate opening to ensure that the underwater production system 4 and the submarine pipeline 5 can protrude from the intermediate opening;
  • the top plate 31 A screw hole b32 matched with the screw hole a13 on the baffle 12 is provided, and the top plate 31 is fixed on the baffle 12 by the screw 8 passing through the screw hole b32 and the screw hole a13;
  • the top plate 31 is provided with an upper flat foundation
  • the positioning pin hole a34 on the 21 is matched with the positioning pin hole b34, which is used to fix the upper foundation 2 during the installation and recovery of the shallow foundation of the free-style anti-sinking plate;
  • the top plate 31 is symmetrically arranged with a plurality of lifting rings 33 for lifting the top plate 31. It is also used to install and recover the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking board.
  • the height of the baffle 12 is greater than the sum of the heights of the upper flat foundation 21, the universal rolling ball bearing 25 and the limit block 24.
  • the top surface and the limit of the baffle 12 There is a height difference between the top surfaces of the bit blocks 24, to ensure that the top plate 31 can be fixed on the baffle 12 without contacting the limit block 24; after the top plate 31 is connected, there is left between the bottom surface of the top plate 31 and the top surface of the limit block 24 A gap, the size of the gap meets the following principles:
  • the size of the gap left is small enough, so that the top plate 31 can restrain the vertical displacement of the limit block 24, and avoid the movement of the upper foundation 2 out of the horizontal plane (for example: under the action of bending moment load One end of the lower upper foundation 2 is tilted and tilted).
  • the skirt board 14 is embedded in the seabed soil to improve the horizontal anti-sliding force and vertical bearing capacity of the shallow foundation of the free-form bottom anti-sinking board.
  • the skirt board 14 has various design forms, such as a grid-shaped skirt board, a cylinder Short piles and suction cylinders; Figures 5a and 5b, 5c and 5d, the bottom of the bottom plate 11 is provided with a grid-shaped skirt board and a cylindrical short pile, both of which are used to add a free-form submarine anti-sinking plate
  • the horizontal anti-sliding force and vertical bearing capacity of the shallow foundation improve the stability of the foundation in place.
  • a vibration damping device 6 composed of a spring and a damper is connected between the underwater production system 4 and the upper flat foundation 21, and the vibration damping device 6 is used to reduce the vibration of the underwater production system 4 during operation to the seabed
  • the influence of the pipeline 5 is also used to reduce the vibration of the underwater production system 4 when the base soil is circulated; the parameters of the spring and damper should be designed according to the specific parameters of the upper equipment.
  • the installation steps of the shallow foundation of the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate of the present invention are as follows:
  • the free-form submarine anti-sinking plate is installed on shallow foundation.
  • Two hoisting methods can be used: vertical hoisting (the plane where the long and short sides of the bottom plate 11 are vertical planes) and horizontal hoisting (bottom 11 The plane on which the long and short sides are located is a horizontal plane), select the appropriate lifting method according to the actual situation;

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Abstract

一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，由下层基础（1）、上层基础（2）和顶部盖板（3）三部分组成，上层基础（2）上安装水下生产系统；下层基础（1）底板坐底于海床表面，用于支撑防沉板浅基础及水下生产系统的重量；上层基础（2）底部装有多个万向滚动球承，上层基础能在下层基础底板上表面水平运动。自由式海底防沉板浅基础能降低海底管道作用在自由式海底防沉板浅基础上的水平力，其尺寸和重量得以减小，降低生产成本和对安装船只及吊装设备的要求。

Description

一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础 技术领域
本发明属于海洋工程技术领域，涉及一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础。
背景技术
海底防沉板浅基础用于支撑各种水下生产系统，如管汇、管跨保护装置、井口基盘、限流阀、隔离阀、管道终端等。与浅基础相连管道在高温高压输油时会发生轴向膨胀，从而施加给浅基础一个水平推力。传统设计中浅基础要能抵抗此水平推力，即在此水平推力作用下浅基础不会出现水平滑移。因此浅基础的尺寸要足够大以满足抗滑设计要求。
一般情况下，海底防沉板浅基础和海底管道均通过管道敷设船来进行安装，如果浅基础尺寸过大而超出了管道敷设船的装载或吊装能力，就需要另外的大型安装船只来安装防沉板浅基础，这极大提高了安装费用。为降低防沉板浅基础的尺寸和重量，出现了相容性防沉板浅基础。当管道因温压作用而施加在浅基础上的水平推力大于基础的水平抗滑力时，允许浅基础在海床表面发生水平滑动，从而使管道上的轴力得到一定程度的释放。当管道输油膨胀时，浅基础发生水平滑移；当管道结束输油时，浅基础又水平滑移至原始安装位置。
浅基础在海床表面水平滑移时，基底土体发生剪切变形，土体出现超孔压累积和应变软化，并伴随剪切沉降；当基础稳定在海床上时，基底土体开始排水固结，并伴随固结沉降。因此，在管道周期性输油-停止输油过程中，防沉板浅基础出现周期性水平滑移，浅基础基底-土体的相互作用非常复杂。且管道因温压作用而施加在浅基础上的水平推力可能会对浅基础产生弯矩和扭矩，导致基础转动和倾斜，甚至导致海底管道和水下生产系统的连接点位置出现破坏。
发明内容
为了克服上述不足、解决上述问题，本发明提出一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，以减小管道因高温高压膨胀而作用在浅基础上的水平推力。一方面能减 小浅基础尺寸和重量，降低生产和运输成本以及安装成本；另一方面能降低因高温高压膨胀而导致的管道屈曲破坏风险，并且可以避免上述相容性浅基础由于循环软化而导致的竖向沉降。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，主要由下层基础1、上层基础2和顶部盖板3组成；所述的下层基础1坐底于海床表面，用于支撑自由式海底防沉板浅基础和水下生产系统4的重量；所述的顶部盖板3的底面与下层基础1的顶面相连，下层基础1的内部为空心结构，上层基础2位于下层基础1内部空间内，并在下层基础1内实现水平运动。
所述的下层基础1主要由底板11、挡板12和裙板14组成；所述的底板11下表面对称布设多个裙板14，裙板14嵌入海床土中，用于增加自由式海底防沉板浅基础的水平抗滑力和竖向承载力，并提高底板11的刚度；所述的挡板12固定在底板11上表面的四周，形成开口的空心方体结构；所述的挡板12的上表面对称布设多个螺孔a13，用于固定顶部盖板3。
所述的上层基础2主要由上部平板基础21、限位块24和万向滚动球承25组成；所述的上部平板基础21，其四周侧面对称安装有多个弹簧22，上部平板基础21的尺寸小于挡板12与底板11围成的空心方体结构的尺寸；所述的弹簧22，其一端连接上部平板基础21的侧面，另一端连接挡板12内侧；所述的上部平板基础21上对称设有多个定位销孔a23；所述的限位块24安装在上部平板基础21上表面的四角，用于限制上层基础2的运动方向；所述的万向滚动球承25安装在上部平板基础21的底部，万向滚动球承25的底部与底板11相接触；水下生产系统4安装在上部平板基础21的上表面，海底管道5的一端与水下生产系统4相通，用于输油；当上部平板基础21受到海底管道5因温压作用而产生的水平推力时，万向滚动球承25底部的球形体在底板11上滚动，从而使上部平板基础21实现水平移动，释放海底管道5因高温高压输油而引起的轴力。
所述的顶部盖板3主要由顶板31和吊环32组成；所述的顶板31为中间开口的平板，中间开口用于水下生产系统4和海底管道5从中伸出；所述的顶板31上设有多个螺孔b32，与挡板12上的螺孔a13相对应，通过螺钉8与螺孔b32和螺孔a13的配合，将顶板31固定在挡板12上；所述的顶板31上设有定位销孔b34，与上部平板基础21上的定位销孔a23相对应，通过定位销7与定位销孔b34和定位销孔a23的配合，将上层基础2与顶部盖板3固定连接；所述的吊环33对称布置在顶板31上表面，用于吊装顶板31以及安装和回收自由式海底防沉板浅基础。
所述的挡板12高度大于上部平板基础21、万向滚动球承25和限位块24的高度之和，当上层基础2置于底板11上时，挡板12顶面和限位块24顶面之间存在高差，使顶板31固定在挡板12上而不接触限位块24；安装顶板31后，顶板31底面与限位块24顶面之间留有间隙，间隙的尺寸满足以下原则：
a)所留间隙的尺寸保证上层基础2在底板11上水平运动而不受顶板31的影响；
b)在满足原则a)的前提下，所留间隙的尺寸使顶板31约束限位块24的竖向位移，避免上层基础2出现水平面以外的运动。
所述的弹簧22连接在上部平板基础21和挡板12之间，当上部平板基础21和挡板12之间没有相互作用力时，弹簧22保持原长；当上部平板基础21和挡板12之间有相互作用力时，上部平板基础21一侧的弹簧22受拉而另一侧的弹簧22受压；所述的弹簧22的压缩极限或拉伸极限不小于海底管道5在温压作用下的最大变形量；所述的弹簧22的刚度满足：当弹簧22处于极限压缩或极限拉伸长度时，对应的弹簧回复力不超过自由式海底防沉板浅基础的水平抗滑力，且不超过海底管道5的屈曲压力。
所述的挡板12内侧安装有阳极保护装置15，防止自由式海底防沉板浅基础在海水环境中锈蚀。
所述的水下生产系统4和上部平板基础21之间设有由弹簧和阻尼器组成的减振装置6，用于减少水下生产系统4工作时的振动对海底管道5的影响，同时降低水下生产系统4工作时的振动导致基底土体循环扰动。
所述的裙板14为栅格形裙板、圆柱形短桩或吸力筒。
所述的挡板12与底板11的固定方式为焊接、铆接或螺钉连接。
所述的弹簧22通过螺栓或铆钉的连接方式与上部平板基础21和挡板12连接。
所述的万向滚动球承25与上部平板基础21之间通过螺栓或铆钉连接，万向滚动球承25的尺寸和个数根据实际需求确定。
所述的限位块24为万向滚动球承。
在自由式海底防沉板浅基础安装过程中，定位销7穿过顶板31上的定位销孔b 34和上层基础2上的定位销孔a 23以固定上层基础2；安装结束后，通过水下机器人ROV将定位销7拔出，允许上层基础2在底板11上水平滑动；
在自由式海底防沉板浅基础回收时，通过水下机器人ROV将定位销7穿过顶板31上的定位销孔b 34和上层基础2上的定位销孔a 23以固定上层基础2，防止上层基础2在挡板12和底板11之间形成的半封闭空间内运动；回收后的自由式海底防沉板浅基础可重复利用，因此本发明的自由式防沉板浅基础是一种环境友好型海底浅基础。
本发明有益效果：本发明中提出的自由式海底防沉板浅基础，较传统防沉板基础尺寸小，能降低生产成本；该自由式海底防沉板浅基础能直接用管道敷设船来运输和安装，显著降低了运输和安装费用；该自由式海底防沉板浅基础允许上层基础水平滑动而下层基础保持静止，能有效减小管道因高温高压作用而施加在浅基础上的水平推力，并且管道因高温高压输油而产生的轴力能得到一定程度的释放，从而降低管道发生屈曲破坏的风险；上层基础上设置的弹簧-阻尼器组成的减振系统能有效降低设备振动对基底土体的扰动，避免土性降低。 由于下层基础与基底土体之间没有相对运动，可以避免前述相容性浅基础由于循环软化而导致的竖向沉降。
附图说明
图1为自由式海底防沉板浅基础装配示意图。
图2a为下层基础示意图。
图2b为上层基础示意图。
图2c为顶部盖板示意图。
图3a为自由式海底防沉板浅基础俯视图。
图3b为自由式海底防沉板浅基础A-A截面剖面图。
图3c为自由式海底防沉板浅基础B-B截面剖面图。
图4为上层基础底的万向滚动球承结构图。
图5a和图5b为底板下部栅格形裙板示意图。
图5c和图5d为底板下部短桩示意图。
图中：1下层基础；2上层基础；3顶部盖板；4水下生产系统；5海底管道；6减振装置；7定位销；8螺钉；11底板；12挡板；13螺孔a；14裙板；15阳极保护装置；21上部平板基础；22弹簧；23定位销孔a；24限位块；25万向滚动球承；31顶板；32螺孔b；33吊环；34定位销孔b。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
1、自由式海底防沉板浅基础
图1、图2a～2c、图3a～3c为自由式海底防沉板浅基础示意图，主要由下层基础1、上层基础2和顶部盖板3组成；所述的下层基础1包括底板11、挡板12和裙板14，所述的底板11坐底于海床表面，用于支撑自由式防沉板浅基础和水下生产系统4的重量；所述的底板11下部布设裙板14，所述的裙板14嵌入海床土中，用于增加自由式海底防沉板浅基础的水平抗滑力和竖向承载力， 进而提高自由式海底防沉板浅基础的在位稳定性，所述的裙板14也用于提高底板11的刚度；所述底板11的尺寸要满足承载力设计要求，自由式海底防沉板浅基础的极限承载力可由式(1)表示：
F u＝N cs umA                      (1)
式中，F u为自由式海底防沉板浅基础的竖向极限承载力，N c为承载力系数，与底板11的长宽比、裙板14尺寸和布置方式、土体非均质度系数等有关，s um为海床表层土的不排水抗剪强度，A为底板的面积。一般来说，自由式海底防沉板浅基础及上部的水下生产系统4的重量总和W应不超过0.5F u。所以，根据自由式海底防沉板浅基础及水下生产系统4的重量以及式(1)即可确定底板11的尺寸。
所述的挡板12固定于底板11上，挡板12和底板11通过焊接、铆接、螺钉连接等方式固定；所述的挡板12内侧安装阳极保护装置15，防止自由式海底防沉板浅基础在海水环境中锈蚀。
所述的上层基础2包括上部平板基础21、限位块24和万向滚动球承25组成；所述的上部平板基础21用于支撑水下生产系统4；所述的上部平板基础21四周连接有弹簧22，所述的弹簧22一端连接上部平板基础21，另一端连接挡板12；当上部平板基础21和挡板12之间没有相互作用力时，弹簧22保持原长；当上部平板基础21和挡板12之间有相互作用力时，上部平板基础21一侧的弹簧22受拉而另一侧的弹簧22受压；所述弹簧22通过螺栓、铆钉等连接到上部平板基础21和挡板12上。
与水下生产系统4相连的海底管道5在高温高压输油过程中的膨胀量可由式(2)计算：
Δl＝α l·l·ΔT                         (2)
式中，Δl为长度为l的管道的膨胀量，α l为管道的线膨胀系数，ΔT为管道输油时温度与海底温度之差；所述的弹簧22的极限压缩量或极限伸长量要不小于海 底管道5在温压作用下的最大伸长量。
所述的弹簧22的刚度应满足如下要求：当弹簧22处于极限压缩或极限拉伸长度时，对应的弹簧回复力不超过自由式海底防沉板浅基础的水平抗滑力F H；
弹簧的极限回复力表达式可由式(3)来表示：
F s,u＝kΔd u                         (3)
式中，F s,u为弹簧在极限拉伸或极限压缩时对应的回复力，k为弹簧刚度，Δd u为弹簧的极限拉伸或极限压缩长度。
所述弹簧22的刚度还应满足如下要求：当弹簧22处于极限压缩或极限拉伸长度时，对应的弹簧回复力不超过海底管道5的屈曲压力。
海底管道5在温压作用下的变形量与弹簧回复力之间的关系如式(4)所示：
Figure PCTCN2019075976-appb-000001
式中，F N为弹簧的回复力，E为管道的弹性模量，A为管道的横截面积。当海底管道5处于最大伸长量时，弹簧回复力F N＝F s,u应不超过海底管道5的屈曲压力，如式(5)所示：
F s,u≤[F buckling]                      (5)
式中，F buckling为管道的屈曲压力；需要说明的是，式(3)和式(4)中，k为弹簧的总刚度，应根据公式(3)和(4)并结合实际需求确定弹簧22的数量。
自由式海底防尘板浅基础的水平抗滑力由底板11和裙板14两部分提供，根据裙板14尺寸、土强度、底板11面积等因素确定。
所述的上部平板基础21上设有定位销孔a 23，用于自由式海底防沉板浅基础安装和回收过程中固定上层基础2。
所述的上部平板基础21底部安装有多个万向滚动球承25，如图4所示；所述的万向滚动球承25由球形体、球承座、球承盖、小球贮存仓和小球组成，球形体能在各个方向自由滚动；所述的万向滚动球承25与上部平板基础21通过螺栓、铆钉等方式连接；所述的万向滚动球承25的尺寸和个数根据实际需要选择；所 述的万向滚动球承25置于底板11之上，当上部平板基础21受到海底管道5因温压作用而产生的水平推力时，固定在上部平板基础21底部的万向滚动球承25会在底板11上滚动，从而使上部平板基础21实现水平移动，在一定程度上释放连接在上部平板基础21上的海底管道5因高温高压输油而引起的轴力。
所述的上部平板基础21上表面四角安装有4个万向滚动球承做为限位块24，所述的限位块24用于限制上层基础2在水平面之外的运动。
所述的顶部盖板3包括顶板31和吊环32组成，所述顶板31为一中间开口的平板，以保证水下生产系统4和海底管道5能从中间开口中伸出；所述的顶板31上设有与挡板12上螺孔a13相匹配的螺孔b32，顶板31由螺钉8穿过螺孔b32和螺孔a13固定在挡板12上；所述顶板31上设有与上部平板基础21上定位销孔a23相匹配的定位销孔b34，用于自由式防沉板浅基础安装和回收过程中固定上层基础2；所述的顶板31上对称布置多个吊环33，用于吊装顶板31，也用于安装和回收自由式海底防沉板浅基础。
所述的挡板12的高度要大于上部平板基础21、万向滚动球承25和限位块24的高度之和，当上层基础2置于底板11之上时，挡板12顶面和限位块24顶面之间存在一个高差，保证顶板31能固定在挡板12上而不会接触限位块24；连接顶板31之后，顶板31底面和限位块24顶面之间留有一个间隙，间隙的尺寸满足如下原则：
a)所留间隙的尺寸要保证上层基础2能在底板11上水平运动而不受顶板31的影响；
b)在满足原则a)的前提下，所留间隙的尺寸足够小，使顶板31能约束限位块24的竖向位移，避免上层基础2出现水平面以外的运动(例如：在弯矩荷载作用下上层基础2一端倾斜翘起)。
所述的裙板14嵌入海床土中用于提高自由式海底防沉板浅基础的水平抗滑力和竖向承载力，裙板14有多种设计形式，例如栅格形裙板、圆柱形短桩、吸 力筒；图5a和图5b、图5c和图5d，所示底板11底部分别设有栅格形裙板和圆柱形短桩，二者都是为了增加自由式海底防沉板浅基础的水平抗滑力和竖向承载力，进而提高基础的在位稳定性。
所述的水下生产系统4和上部平板基础21之间连接有由弹簧和阻尼器组成的减振装置6，所述的减振装置6用于减少水下生产系统4工作时的振动对海底管道5的影响，也用于减少水下生产系统4工作时的振动导致基底土体循环扰动；弹簧和阻尼器的参数要根据上部设备的具体参数来设计。
2、安装过程
本发明自由式海底防沉板浅基础的安装步骤如下：
a)将上层基础2置于下层基础1的底板11上，用弹簧22连接上部平板基础21和挡板12；将顶板31吊装至挡板12上，顶板31和挡板12用螺栓8固定；用定位销7穿过顶板31上的定位销孔b 34和上层基础2上的定位销孔a 23来固定上层基础2；
b)借助管道敷设船上的吊装系统进行自由式海底防沉板浅基础安装，可采用两种吊装方式，竖直吊装(底板11长边和短边所在平面为竖直平面)和水平吊装(底板11长边和短边所在的平面为水平面)，根据实际情况选择合适的吊装方式；
c)完成安装后，通过水下机器人ROV将定位销7拔出，允许上层基础2在底板11上水平滑动；
d)开启阳极保护装置15，防止自由式海底防沉板浅基础在海水环境中锈蚀。
3、回收过程
本发明自由式海底防沉板浅基础的回收步骤如下：
a)将定位销7穿过顶板31上的定位销孔b 34和上层基础2上的定位销孔a 23以固定上层基础2；
b)将吊装绳系到吊环33上，回收自由式海底防沉板浅基础；回收后的防 沉板浅基础可重复利用，是一种环境友好型海底浅基础。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的自由式海底防沉板浅基础主要由下层基础(1)、上层基础(2)和顶部盖板(3)组成；所述的下层基础(1)坐底于海床表面，用于支撑自由式海底防沉板浅基础和水下生产系统(4)的重量；所述的顶部盖板(3)的底面与下层基础(1)的顶面相连，下层基础(1)的内部为空心结构，上层基础(2)位于下层基础(1)内部空间内，并在下层基础(1)内实现水平运动；
    所述的下层基础(1)主要由底板(11)、挡板(12)和裙板(14)组成；所述的底板(11)下表面对称布设多个裙板(14)，裙板(14)嵌入海床土中，用于增加自由式海底防沉板浅基础的水平抗滑力和竖向承载力，并提高底板(11)的刚度；所述的挡板(12)固定在底板(11)上表面的四周，形成开口的空心方体结构；所述的挡板(12)的上表面对称布设多个螺孔a(13)，用于固定顶部盖板(3)；
    所述的上层基础(2)主要由上部平板基础(21)、限位块(24)和万向滚动球承(25)组成；所述的上部平板基础(21)，其四周侧面对称安装有多个弹簧(22)，上部平板基础(21)的尺寸小于挡板(12)与底板(11)围成的空心方体结构的尺寸；所述的弹簧(22)，其一端连接上部平板基础(21)的侧面，另一端连接挡板(12)内侧；所述的上部平板基础(21)上对称设有多个定位销孔a(23)；所述的限位块(24)安装在上部平板基础(21)上表面的四角，用于限制上层基础(2)的运动方向；所述的万向滚动球承(25)安装在上部平板基础(21)的底部，万向滚动球承(25)的底部与底板(11)相接触；水下生产系统(4)安装在上部平板基础(21)的上表面，海底管道(5)的一端与水下生产系统(4)相通，用于输油；当上部平板基础(21)受到海底管道(5)因温压作用而产生的水平推力时，万向滚动球承(25)底部的球形体在底板(11) 上滚动，从而使上部平板基础(21)实现水平移动，释放海底管道(5)因高温高压输油而引起的轴力；
    所述的顶部盖板(3)主要由顶板(31)和吊环(32)组成；所述的顶板(31)为中间开口的平板，中间开口用于水下生产系统(4)和海底管道(5)从中伸出；所述的顶板(31)上设有多个螺孔b(32)，与挡板(12)上的螺孔a(13)相对应，通过螺钉(8)与螺孔b(32)和螺孔a(13)的配合，将顶板(31)固定在挡板(12)上；所述的顶板(31)上设有定位销孔b(34)，与上部平板基础(21)上的定位销孔a(23)相对应，通过定位销(7)与定位销孔b(34)和定位销孔a(23)的配合，将上层基础(2)与顶部盖板(3)固定连接；所述的吊环(33)对称布置在顶板(31)上表面，用于吊装顶板(31)以及安装和回收自由式海底防沉板浅基础。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的挡板(12)高度大于上部平板基础(21)、万向滚动球承(25)和限位块(24)的高度之和，当上层基础(2)置于底板(11)上时，挡板(12)顶面和限位块(24)顶面之间存在高差，使顶板(31)固定在挡板(12)上而不接触限位块(24)；安装顶板(31)后，顶板(31)底面与限位块(24)顶面之间留有间隙，间隙的尺寸满足以下原则：
    a)所留间隙的尺寸保证上层基础(2)在底板(11)上水平运动而不受顶板(31)的影响；
    b)在满足原则a)的前提下，所留间隙的尺寸使顶板(31)约束限位块(24)的竖向位移，避免上层基础(2)出现水平面以外的运动。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的弹簧(22)的压缩极限或拉伸极限不小于海底管道(5)在温压作用下的最大 变形量；所述的弹簧(22)的刚度满足：当弹簧(22)处于极限压缩或极限拉伸长度时，对应的弹簧恢复力不超过自由式海底防沉板浅基础的水平抗滑力，且不超过海底管道(5)的屈曲压力。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的挡板(12)内侧安装有阳极保护装置(15)，防止自由式海底防沉板浅基础在海水环境中锈蚀。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的挡板(12)内侧安装有阳极保护装置(15)，防止自由式海底防沉板浅基础在海水环境中锈蚀。
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或5所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的水下生产系统(4)和上部平板基础(21)之间设有由弹簧和阻尼器组成的减振装置(6)，用于降低水下生产系统(4)工作时的振动导致基底土体循环扰动。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的水下生产系统(4)和上部平板基础(21)之间设有由弹簧和阻尼器组成的减振装置(6)，用于降低水下生产系统(4)工作时的振动导致基底土体循环扰动。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的水下生产系统(4)和上部平板基础(21)之间设有由弹簧和阻尼器组成的减振装置(6)，用于降低水下生产系统(4)工作时的振动导致基底土体循环扰动。
  9. 根据权利要求1、2、5、7或8所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，所述的裙板(14)为栅格形裙板、圆柱形短桩或吸力筒；所述的限位块(24)为万向滚动球承。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础，其特征在于，
    所述的挡板(12)与底板(11)的固定方式为焊接、铆接或螺钉连接；
    所述的弹簧(22)通过螺栓或铆钉的连接方式与上部平板基础(21)和挡板(12)连接；
    所述的万向滚动球承(25)与上部平板基础(21)之间通过螺栓或铆钉连接，万向滚动球承(25)的尺寸和个数根据实际需求确定。
PCT/CN2019/075976 2018-12-24 2019-02-23 一种自由式海底防沉板浅基础 Ceased WO2020133666A1 (zh)

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