WO2020133568A1 - 一种肩并肩结构的电致变色器件及其应用 - Google Patents

一种肩并肩结构的电致变色器件及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133568A1
WO2020133568A1 PCT/CN2019/070585 CN2019070585W WO2020133568A1 WO 2020133568 A1 WO2020133568 A1 WO 2020133568A1 CN 2019070585 W CN2019070585 W CN 2019070585W WO 2020133568 A1 WO2020133568 A1 WO 2020133568A1
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Prior art keywords
color
layer
changing
unit
electrode
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/070585
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐秀凤
陈国新
李泳贤
李智信
莫钊鹏
区芷君
黄腾程
苏澜
张泽辉
罗坚义
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Wuyi University Fujian
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Wuyi University Fujian
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Priority to US16/969,008 priority Critical patent/US11927865B2/en
Publication of WO2020133568A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133568A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
    • G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
    • G02F1/1525—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G02F2001/1557—Side by side arrangements of working and counter electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrochromism and the field of electronic display, in particular to an electrochromic device with side-by-side structure and its application.
  • the electrochromic material is a kind of intelligent material that can undergo stable and reversible color changes under external electrical stimulation and has optical modulation capability.
  • the electrochromic material is used as the core layer, and the corresponding electrolyte layer and counter electrode layer are assembled to obtain a sandwich-structured electrochromic device. It can be used in assembly windows (also called smart windows), displays, document encryption and Discolored glasses and other fields.
  • the traditional electrochromic device is a battery-like sandwich structure composed of multiple materials, including a five-layer structure consisting of a transparent conductive layer, an ion storage layer, an electrochromic layer and an electrolyte layer deposited on the upper and lower glass substrates.
  • the process usually includes the following two steps: (1) the positive working voltage is applied between the upper and lower transparent conductive layers, the cations in the electrolyte layer are injected into the color-changing layer, and the coloring layer is colored; (2) the reverse process is applied between the upper and lower transparent conductive layers To the working voltage, cations are extracted from the color-changing layer, and the color-changing layer fades.
  • the injection and extraction of cations are performed in the vertical direction, and the ion storage layer and the color-changing layer are located on different functional layers in the vertical direction, so the color and position of the two must be matched in order to
  • the color-changing layer can display its own color or color change, which greatly limits the diversification and personalized design of the color of the electrochromic device, and it is not easy to integrate and soften the device.
  • the complicated manufacturing process and high cost of traditional electrochromic devices greatly affect the large-scale commercial application of electrochromic devices.
  • the object of the present invention is to flatten the current sandwich structure electrochromic device into a side-by-side structure electrochromic device, so as to facilitate the realization of multi-color and personalized graphic design of the electrochromic device, reduce device integration,
  • the difficulty of softening and large-area design, and the side-by-side structure of the electrochromic device provided by the present invention has a simpler structure and lower cost, which will greatly promote the wide application of electrochromic devices.
  • An electrochromic device with side-by-side structure includes a common electrode unit, at least one color changing unit, and an electrolyte layer.
  • the common electrode unit includes an electrode layer and an electrode protection layer provided on the electrode layer.
  • the unit includes a transparent conductive layer and a color-changing layer provided on the transparent conductive layer, the common electrode unit and each color-changing unit are arranged on the same plane, and an insulating area is provided between adjacent two units, and the electrolyte layer Covering the electrode protective layer in the common electrode unit and the color changing layer in each color changing unit, and connecting the electrode protective layer in the common electrode unit and the color changing layer in each color changing unit.
  • the invention arranges the common electrode unit and the color-changing unit on the same plane, flattening the traditional sandwich-structure electrochromic device into a side-by-side structure electrochromic device, because the electrode protection layer and the electrode layer are not arranged in the vertical direction of the color-changing layer In the vertical direction, that is, there is no functional layer that affects the color display in the vertical direction of the color-changing layer, so the color-changing layer can display its own color or color change, without being limited by the material types of the electrode protection layer and the electrode layer, Therefore, the range of the material of the color-changing layer is expanded, and the material of the electrode protective layer and the electrode layer is freely selected.
  • the electrode protective layer does not necessarily need to be a transparent material and does not need to match the color of the color-changing layer.
  • the present invention can realize the array arrangement and merge of the existing color-changing materials on the same plane into the electrochromic device, so as to realize the large-area, multi-color and personalized customization of the color static display and the smart window.
  • the electrochromic device with the side-by-side structure of the present invention has a good application prospect in the fields of smart windows, displays, file encryption and the like.
  • the planarization of the device of the present invention improves the integration of the device, which is beneficial to its flexible design, and the device has a simple structure, low cost, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • an operating voltage is applied between the electrode layer of the common electrode unit and the transparent conductive layer in at least one color changing unit to realize the color changing layer in at least one color changing unit Color change; or, applying an operating voltage between the transparent conductive layers in at least two color changing units to achieve color change switching between the color changing layers in at least two color changing units.
  • the common electrode unit further includes a substrate whose electrode layer is provided on the substrate; the color changing unit further includes a transparent substrate whose transparent conductive layer is provided on the transparent substrate.
  • the substrate of the common electrode unit and the transparent substrate of each color-changing unit can share the same substrate, which is beneficial to simplify the manufacturing process, or multiple substrates can be used separately to facilitate personalized splicing to form an integrated device.
  • the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure further includes a transparent encapsulation layer, and the transparent encapsulation layer covers the electrolyte layer to protect the device.
  • the electrode protection layer is partially covered on the electrode layer, and the uncovered area of the electrode layer is provided with a lead electrode electrically connected to the electrode layer;
  • the color-changing layer partially covers the transparent conductive layer, and a lead electrode electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer is provided on an uncovered area. It also includes a transparent encapsulation layer covering the electrolyte layer; and the lead electrode of the common electrode unit and the lead electrode of each color-changing unit are not in contact with the electrolyte layer.
  • a lead electrode is provided to facilitate connection to an external circuit to provide operating voltage.
  • the color-changing layer is an electrochromic material.
  • the electrode protection layer is a material that can block color-changing ions from bombarding the electrode layer.
  • the present invention also provides an electrochromic device including at least one electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure according to any one of the above.
  • the electrochromic device is an electrochromic light window, display device or encryption device.
  • Example 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure of Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a photo of two different states of the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure of Example 1 in operation;
  • Example 3 is a plan view of an electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure of Example 2;
  • Example 5 is a plan view of an electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure of Example 3;
  • Example 7 is a plan view of the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure of Example 4.
  • Example 8 is a real photo of eight different states of the electrochromic device with the side-by-side structure of Example 4 in operation.
  • the electrochromic device with side-by-side structure of the present invention includes a common electrode unit, at least one color changing unit and an electrolyte layer.
  • the common electrode unit includes an electrode layer and an electrode protection layer provided on the electrode layer.
  • the color-changing unit includes a transparent conductive layer and a color-changing layer provided on the transparent conductive layer, the common electrode unit and each color-changing unit are arranged on the same plane, and an insulating area is provided between adjacent two units, and the electrolyte
  • the layer covers the electrode protection layer in the common electrode unit and the color change layer in each color change unit, and connects the electrode protection layer in the common electrode unit and the color change layer in each color change unit.
  • an operating voltage is applied between the electrode layer of the common electrode unit and the transparent conductive layer in at least one color changing unit to achieve the color change of the color changing layer in at least one color changing unit;
  • an operating voltage is applied between the transparent conductive layers in the at least two color changing units to achieve color switching between the color changing layers in the at least two color changing units.
  • the common electrode unit further includes a substrate, an electrode layer of which is provided on the substrate, and the substrate may be a transparent, translucent, or opaque substrate, including insulating materials such as glass, ceramics, and plastics;
  • the electrode layer may use transparent or opaque conductive materials, including ITO conductive film, metal film and the like.
  • the color changing unit further includes a transparent substrate on which a transparent conductive layer is provided, the transparent substrate uses a transparent insulating material such as glass, and the transparent conductive layer uses a transparent conductive material such as ITO Film etc.
  • the substrate of the common electrode unit and the transparent substrate of each color-changing unit share the same substrate, specifically the same glass substrate, then on the glass substrate, the common electrode unit and the phase Insulation areas are left between adjacent color-changing units to avoid short circuit, and insulation areas are left between every two adjacent color-changing units to ensure that the color-changing layer in each color-changing unit can be independently colored or faded .
  • the side-by-side electrochromic device further includes a transparent encapsulation layer, the transparent encapsulation layer covers the electrolyte layer, and it uses a transparent insulating material, such as glass.
  • the electrode protection layer is partially covered on the electrode layer, and a lead electrode electrically connected thereto is provided on the uncovered area of the electrode layer;
  • the color changing layer partially covers the transparent conductive layer, and a lead electrode electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer is provided on an uncovered area.
  • the lead electrode of the common electrode unit and the lead electrode of each color changing unit are not in contact with the electrolyte layer.
  • the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure has two working modes:
  • the side-by-side electrochromic device further includes an adhesive, the adhesive is provided in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer and the electrode layer, Or provided in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer and the transparent conductive layer to achieve encapsulation.
  • the color-changing layer is an electrochromic material, and a tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) film, a nickel oxide (NiO) film, or the like can be used.
  • the electrode protection layer is a material that can block color-changing ions from bombarding the electrode layer.
  • a transparent titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) film can be used to achieve light transmission, and also includes color-changing materials.
  • the electrode protection layer may also be an ion storage layer to protect the electrode layer and to store ions.
  • the electrolyte layer is a gel state electrolyte layer, an all-solid electrolyte layer or a liquid electrolyte layer, for example, a propylene carbonate (PC) solution of lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, or the like is used.
  • PC propylene carbonate
  • the electrochromic device with side-by-side structure according to the present invention can be applied to an electrochromic device, and the electrochromic device includes at least one of the electrochromic devices with side-by-side structure, which may specifically be electrochromic Dimming windows, display devices or encryption devices.
  • the number of color-changing units in the side-by-side electrochromic device is not limited, and the arrangement of the common electrode unit and each color-changing unit on the same plane is also not limited, depending on the actual display needs of the electrochromic device It depends.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 1( a) is a front view of the electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 1( b) This is a top view of an electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure of this embodiment.
  • the side-by-side electrochromic device of this embodiment includes a common electrode unit 40, a color changing unit 30, an electrolyte layer 70, a transparent encapsulation layer 80, and an adhesive 90.
  • the common electrode unit 40 includes a substrate 41, an electrode layer 42 completely overlying the substrate 41, and an electrode protection layer 43 provided on the electrode layer 42, and connecting the electrode protection layer 43 and the color changing layer 33. Moreover, the electrode protection layer 43 covers one side of the electrode layer 42, and the lead electrode 44 is provided on the uncovered area on the other side of the electrode layer 42.
  • the color changing unit 30 includes a transparent substrate 31, a transparent conductive layer 32 completely covering the transparent substrate 31, and a color changing layer 33 provided on the transparent conductive layer 32, and the color changing layer 33 covers the On one side of the transparent conductive layer 32, a lead electrode 34 is provided on the uncovered area on the other side of the transparent conductive layer 32.
  • the common electrode unit 40 and the color changing unit 30 are spliced side by side on the same plane, and an insulating region 50 is provided between the two.
  • the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30 are respectively located on both sides of the insulating region 50.
  • the electrolyte layer 70 covers the electrode protection layer 43 in the common electrode unit 40 and the color changing layer 33 in the color changing unit 30. Moreover, the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30 are not in contact with the electrolyte layer 70.
  • the transparent encapsulation layer 80 covers the electrolyte layer 70.
  • the adhesive 90 is provided in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer 80 and the electrode layer 42 and in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer 80 and the transparent conductive layer 32 to achieve Package.
  • the substrate 41 of the common electrode unit 40 and the transparent substrate 31 of the color changing unit 30 respectively use two glass substrates
  • the electrode layer 42 is an ITO conductive film sputtered on the substrate 41
  • the electrode protection layer 43 is a transparent TiO 2 film prepared by a sol-gel method
  • the transparent conductive layer 32 is an ITO conductive film sputtered on a transparent substrate 31
  • the color-changing layer 33 is a WO 3 film prepared by a thermal evaporation method
  • Is a cathode coloring electrochromic material Is a cathode coloring electrochromic material.
  • the electrolyte layer 70 uses a PC solution of LiClO 4 .
  • FIG. 2 is a photo of two different states of the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure of this embodiment in operation.
  • FIG. 2( a) is a photo of the color-changing layer 33 in a transparent state.
  • FIG. 2( b ) Is a photograph of the color changing layer 33 in a colored state.
  • the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30 are respectively connected to an external circuit to provide an operating voltage, and the user changes the state of the color changing layer 33
  • the regulation process is as follows:
  • the color-changing layer 33 When no working voltage is applied, the color-changing layer 33 is in an initial transparent state, as shown in FIG. 2(a), the color-changing layer 33 plays a role of light transmission;
  • the negative electrode of the external circuit is connected to the lead electrode 44 and the positive electrode is connected to the lead electrode 34, that is, the operating voltage U directed from the transparent conductive layer 32 to the electrode layer 42 is applied, so that the color-changing layer 33 is faded to restore the initial transparent state As shown in FIG. 2(a), after the working voltage is turned off, the transparent state of the color changing layer 33 is maintained, and the light transmission function is restored;
  • the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure of this embodiment can be used as a basic unit in a smart window, and the smart window includes at least one of the electrochromic devices of the side-by-side mechanism, and the electrochromic devices are arranged in an array. .
  • a plurality of the electrochromic devices with side-by-side structure can be spliced in an array, and a smart window with an electrochromic light function can be prepared at a low cost and in a large area.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of an electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure according to this embodiment.
  • the side-by-side electrochromic device of this embodiment includes a common electrode unit 40, nine color changing units, an electrolyte layer, a transparent encapsulation layer, and an adhesive.
  • the 9 color changing units are color changing unit 30-1, color changing unit 30-2, color changing unit 30-3, color changing unit 30-4, color changing unit 30-5, color changing unit 30-6, color changing unit 30-7, Color changing unit 30-8 and color changing unit 30-9.
  • the common electrode unit 40 includes a rectangular substrate, an electrode layer completely covering the substrate, and an electrode protection layer provided on the electrode layer, and the electrode protection layer partially covers the electrode layer On the top, an uncovered area at one end of the electrode layer is left, and a lead electrode 44 is provided on the uncovered area.
  • Each color changing unit includes a square transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer completely covering the transparent substrate, and a color changing layer provided on the transparent conductive layer, and the color changing layer partially covers the transparent conductive layer Above, an uncovered area at one corner of the transparent conductive layer is left, and a lead electrode 34 is provided on the uncovered area.
  • the common electrode unit 40 and 9 color-changing units are arranged and spliced on the same plane.
  • the 9 color-changing units are arranged in a 3 ⁇ 3 matrix and are mechanically spliced into a square.
  • the common electrode unit 40 is along the square One side is arranged, and an insulating region 50 is provided between the common electrode unit 40 and three adjacent color changing units, and an insulating region 50 is also provided between every two adjacent color changing units.
  • the electrolyte layer covers the electrode protection layer in the common electrode unit 40 and the color changing layer in the nine color changing units, and connects the electrode protection layer in the common electrode unit 40 and the nine color changing The color changing layer in the unit. Moreover, the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrode 34 of the nine color changing units are not in contact with the electrolyte layer.
  • the transparent encapsulation layer covers the electrolyte layer, and exposes the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrode 34 of each color changing unit.
  • the adhesive is provided in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer and the electrode layer and in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer and the transparent conductive layer to achieve encapsulation.
  • the substrate of the common electrode unit 40 and the transparent substrate of the nine color-changing units share the same glass substrate, the electrode layer is a metal thin film sputtered on the glass substrate, and the electrode protection layer is A transparent TiO 2 film prepared by a sol-gel method, the transparent conductive layer is an ITO conductive film sputtered on the glass substrate, and the color-changing layer is a WO 3 film or a NiO film prepared by a thermal evaporation method.
  • the materials and shapes of the color-changing layers in the 9 color-changing units may be different from each other.
  • the color-changing layer of the color-changing unit 30-1 is square, and a NiO film is used, which is black when colored; and the color-changing layer of the color-changing unit 30-2 is Triangle, using WO 3 film, which is blue when colored.
  • the user can apply an operating voltage between the electrode layer of the common electrode unit 40 and the transparent conductive layer of any color-changing unit according to the material characteristics of the color-changing layers. Realize the coloring or fading of the color changing layer in the color changing unit, so as to realize the individual color control of a single color changing unit; it is also possible to apply an operating voltage between the electrode layer of the common electrode unit 40 and the transparent conductive layers of a plurality of color changing units, Realize the simultaneous color change of the color changing layers in the plurality of color changing units, so as to realize the control of multi-color rendering or complete transparency of the plurality of color changing units; it is also possible to apply an operating voltage between the transparent conductive layers of any at least two color changing units, That is, the coloring and fading of the color changing layer in the at least color changing unit can be switched, so that the color switching between the color changing units can be realized.
  • FIG. 4 is a real photo of four different states of the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure of this embodiment during operation.
  • FIG. 4( a) shows that the color-changing layer of the color-changing unit 30-1 is in a colored state and changes color. Photo of the color changing layer of unit 30-2 when it is transparent;
  • Figure 4(b) is a photo of the color changing layer of color changing unit 30-1 when it is transparent, and the color changing layer of color changing unit 30-2 is when it is colored;
  • Figure 4( c) Photographs when the color-changing layers of the color-changing unit 30-1 and the color-changing unit 30-2 are both in a transparent state;
  • FIG. 4(d) is when the color-changing layers of the color-changing unit 30-1 and the color-changing unit 30-2 are both in a colored state Photo.
  • the user can adjust the color-changing unit 30-1 and the color-changing unit 30-2 to four different color state display combinations, and the control methods are as follows:
  • the square color-changing layer of the color-changing unit 30-1 is the initial black coloring state
  • the triangular color-changing layer of the color-changing unit 30-2 is the initial transparent state, as shown in FIG. 4(a);
  • the lead electrode 44 is grounded, the positive electrode of the external circuit is connected to the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30-1, and the negative electrode thereof is connected to the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30-2.
  • the transparent conductive layer points to the transparent conductive layer of the color changing unit 30-2, and the working voltage of 1V makes the square color changing layer of the color changing unit 30-1 fade to a transparent state, and the triangular color changing layer of the color changing unit 30-2 is colored blue.
  • the lead electrode 44 is grounded, the negative electrode of the external circuit is connected to the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30-1, and the positive electrode is connected to the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30-2, that is, the direction of application is changed by the color changing unit 30-2.
  • the transparent conductive layer points to the transparent conductive layer of the color changing unit 30-1, and the working voltage is 1V, so that the square color changing layer of the color changing unit 30-1 is colored black, and the triangle color changing layer of the color changing unit 30-2 is colored blue, such as As shown in Figure 4(d).
  • the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure of this embodiment can be used as a basic unit for array splicing, and a multi-color array smart window can be obtained.
  • the multi-color array smart window includes at least one of the side-by-side structure Electrochromic device.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of an electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure according to this embodiment.
  • the side-by-side electrochromic device of this embodiment includes a common electrode unit 40, two color changing units, an electrolyte layer, a transparent encapsulation layer, and an adhesive.
  • the two color changing units are a color changing unit 30-1 and a color changing unit 30-2, respectively.
  • the common electrode unit 40 includes a rectangular substrate, an electrode layer completely covering the substrate, and an electrode protection layer 43 provided on the electrode layer, and the electrode protection layer 43 covers the electrode layer On the middle of one side, an uncovered area surrounding the electrode protection layer 43 is left, and a lead electrode 44 is provided in the middle of the uncovered area.
  • Each color-changing unit includes a rectangular transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer completely overlying the transparent substrate, and a color-changing layer provided on the transparent conductive layer, and the color-changing layer is a figure eight, which covers Above the middle of the transparent conductive layer, a lead electrode 34 is provided on the uncovered area of the transparent conductive layer.
  • the common electrode unit 40 and the two color changing units are arranged and spliced on the same plane, the two color changing units are arranged side by side, the common electrode unit 40 is provided on one side of the two color changing units, and the An insulating region 50 is provided between the common electrode unit 40 and the two color changing units, and an insulating region 50 is also provided between the two color changing units.
  • the electrolyte layer covers the electrode protection layer 43 in the common electrode unit 40 and the color changing layer in the two color changing units, and communicates with the electrode protection layer in the common electrode unit 40 and the two The color changing layer in the color changing unit. Moreover, the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrode 34 of the two color changing units are not in contact with the electrolyte layer.
  • the transparent encapsulation layer covers the electrolyte layer, and exposes the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrodes 34 of the two color changing units.
  • the adhesive is provided in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer and the electrode layer and in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer and the transparent conductive layer to achieve encapsulation.
  • the substrate of the common electrode unit 40 and the transparent substrate of the two color changing units respectively use three glass substrates, the electrode layer is an ITO conductive film sputtered on the substrate, and the electrode is protected
  • the layer 43 is a transparent TiO 2 film prepared by the sol-gel method, the transparent conductive layers of the two color changing units are ITO conductive films sputtered on a transparent substrate, and the color changing layer 33 of the color changing unit 30-1 1 is a NiO thin film prepared by a thermal evaporation method, and the color-changing layer 33-2 of the color changing unit 30-1 is a WO 3 thin film prepared by a thermal evaporation method.
  • the user can apply an operating voltage between the electrode layer of the common electrode unit 40 and the transparent conductive layer of any color-changing unit according to the material characteristics of the color-changing layers. Coloring or fading of the color-changing layer in the color-changing unit to realize digital display of a single color-changing unit; it is also possible to apply an operating voltage between the transparent conductive layers of the two color-changing units to realize the two color-changing units Switching between coloring and fading between color-changing layers, thereby realizing digital display switching between color-changing units.
  • FIG. 6 are actual photos of four different states of the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure of this embodiment in operation.
  • FIG. 6( a) shows that the color-changing layer 33-1 and the color-changing layer 33-2 are both Photograph in the transparent state;
  • Figure 6(b) is a photograph in which the color-changing layer 33-1 is in a colored state and the color-changing layer 33-2 is in a transparent state;
  • Figure 6(c) is a color-changing layer 30-1 in a transparent state and a color-changing layer 30-2 is a picture when it is in a colored state;
  • FIG. 6(d) is a picture when both the color changing layer 33-1 and the color changing layer 33-2 are in a colored state.
  • the user can adjust the color-changing unit 30-1 and the color-changing unit 30-2 into 4 different color state display combinations.
  • the control methods are as follows:
  • the color-changing layer 33-1 When no working voltage is applied, the color-changing layer 33-1 is in the initial black coloring state, displaying the number 8, and the color-changing layer 33-2 is in the initial transparent state, not displaying the numbers, as shown in Figure 6(c);
  • the lead electrode 44 is grounded, the positive electrode of the external circuit is connected to the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30-1, and the negative electrode thereof is connected to the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30-2.
  • the transparent conductive layer points to the transparent conductive layer of the color changing unit 30-2, and the working voltage with a size of 1 to 5V causes the color changing layer 33-1 to fade to a transparent state, thereby displaying the number 8, and the color changing layer 33-2 is colored blue.
  • the number 8 is displayed, as shown in Figure 6(d);
  • the lead electrode 44 is grounded, the negative electrode of the external circuit is connected to the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30-1, and the positive electrode is connected to the lead electrode 34 of the color changing unit 30-2, that is, the direction of application is changed by the color changing unit 30-2.
  • the transparent conductive layer points to the transparent conductive layer of the color changing unit 30-1, and the working voltage of the size is 1 to 5V, so that the color changing layer 33-1 is colored black, thereby displaying the number 8, and the color changing layer 33-2 is colored blue, thereby displaying The number 8 is shown in Figure 6(b).
  • the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure in this embodiment can be used as a basic unit for array splicing to obtain a color digital display, and the color digital display includes at least one of the electrochromic devices of the side-by-side structure.
  • a large-area color digital static display can be realized by array-splicing a plurality of the electrochromic devices of the side-by-side structure.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of an electrochromic device with a side-by-side structure according to this embodiment.
  • the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure of this embodiment includes a common electrode unit 40, three color changing units, an electrolyte layer, a transparent encapsulation layer, and an adhesive.
  • the three color changing units are a color changing unit 30-1, a color changing unit 30-2 and a color changing unit 30-3.
  • the common electrode unit 40 includes a rectangular substrate, an electrode layer completely covering the substrate, and an electrode protection layer 42 provided on the electrode layer, and the electrode protection layer 42 covers the electrode layer On the middle of one side, an uncovered area half surrounded by the electrode protection layer 42 is left, and a lead electrode 44 is provided in the middle of the uncovered area.
  • Each color changing unit includes a rectangular transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer completely covering the transparent substrate, and a color changing layer provided on the transparent conductive layer, and the color changing layer is square, which covers Above the middle of the transparent conductive layer, a lead electrode 34 is provided on the uncovered area of the transparent conductive layer.
  • the common electrode unit 40 and the three color changing units are arranged and spliced on the same plane, the three color changing units are arranged side by side, the common electrode unit 40 is provided on one side of the three color changing units, and the An insulating region 50 is provided between the common electrode unit 40 and the three color changing units, and an insulating region 50 is also provided between every two adjacent color changing units.
  • the electrolyte layer covers the electrode protection layer 42 in the common electrode unit 40 and the color change layer in the three color changing units, and communicates with the electrode protection layer 42 in the common electrode unit 40 and the three The color-changing layer in a color-changing unit. Moreover, the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrodes 34 of the three color changing units are not in contact with the electrolyte layer.
  • the transparent encapsulation layer covers the electrolyte layer, and exposes the lead electrode 44 of the common electrode unit 40 and the lead electrodes 34 of the three color changing units.
  • the adhesive is provided in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer and the electrode layer and in the gap between the transparent encapsulation layer and the transparent conductive layer to achieve encapsulation.
  • the common electrode unit 40 and the three color-changing units use the same flexible ITO transparent conductive substrate, and the substrate of the flexible ITO transparent conductive substrate together serves as the substrate of the common electrode unit 40 and the three
  • the transparent substrate of the color changing unit, and the ITO conductive film on the flexible ITO transparent conductive substrate are divided into the electrode layer of the common electrode unit 40 and the transparent conductive layers of the three color changing units, respectively.
  • the electrode protection layer 42 is a transparent TiO 2 film prepared by the sol-gel method.
  • the color changing layer 33-1 of the color changing unit 30-1, the color changing layer 33-2 of the color changing unit 30-2, and the color changing layer 33-3 of the color changing unit 30-3 are all WO 3 films prepared by a thermal evaporation method.
  • the electrolyte layer uses an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 1%.
  • a color rendering plate is provided at the bottom of the side-by-side electrochromic device of this embodiment, and the color rendering plate is provided with color regions of three primary colors (red R, green G, and blue B), including The R color area (red) corresponding to the position of the color changing layer 33-1, the G color area (green) corresponding to the position of the color changing layer 33-2, and the B area (blue) corresponding to the position of the color changing layer 33-3.
  • the color-changing layer When the color-changing layer is in the transparent state, it will display the color area corresponding to it, and in the coloring state, it will block the color area corresponding to it.
  • the user can apply an operating voltage between the electrode layer of the common electrode unit 40 and the transparent conductive layer of any at least one color changing unit to realize coloring of the color changing layer in the color changing unit Or discoloration, so as to realize the display control of the corresponding color area; it is also possible to apply an operating voltage between the transparent conductive layers of any at least two color-changing units to achieve coloring and discoloration between the color-changing layers of the at least two color-changing units To switch the corresponding color zone between the color changing units.
  • FIG. 8 is a photo of eight different states of the electrochromic device of the embodiment with side-by-side structure in operation.
  • FIG. 8(a) is a photo when all three color-changing layers are transparent
  • 8(b) is a photograph when the three color-changing layers are all in a colored state
  • FIG. 8(c) is a photograph when the color-changing layer 33-1 and the color-changing layer 33-2 are in the colored state, and the color-changing layer 33-3 is in the transparent state
  • Fig. 8(d) is a photograph when the color changing layer 33-1 and the color changing layer 33-3 are in a colored state, and the color changing layer 33-2 is in a transparent state
  • FIG. 8(a) is a photo when all three color-changing layers are transparent
  • 8(b) is a photograph when the three color-changing layers are all in a colored state
  • FIG. 8(c) is a photograph when the color-changing layer 33-1 and the color-changing layer 33-2 are in the colored state, and the color-changing layer
  • FIG. 8(e) is the color changing layer 33-2 and the color changing layer 33-3 In the colored state, the photo of the color changing layer 33-1 is in a transparent state;
  • Fig. 8(f) is the photo when the color changing layer 33-1 is in a colored state, and the color changing layer 33-2 and the color changing layer 33-3 are in a transparent state;
  • 8(g) is a picture when the color changing layer 33-2 is in a colored state, and the color changing layer 33-1 and the color changing layer 33-3 are in a transparent state;
  • FIG. 8(h) is the color changing layer 33-3 in a colored state, and the color changing layer 33 -1 and the color changing layer 33-2 in a transparent state.
  • the user can adjust the three color-changing units to 9 different combinations of states, including but not limited to the following:
  • the negative electrode of the external circuit is connected to the lead electrode 44 and the positive electrode is connected to the lead electrode 34 of any one or more color-changing units, that is, the application direction is directed from the transparent conductive layer of the color-changing unit to the electrode layer of the common electrode unit 40
  • the voltage can make the color-changing layer of the color-changing unit fade to a transparent state, thereby displaying the color area corresponding to the color-changing unit.
  • the electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure in this embodiment can be used as a display element for array splicing to obtain a color display.
  • the color digital display includes at least one electrochromic device of the side-by-side structure.
  • a large-area, flexible color static display can be realized by array-splicing a plurality of the electrochromic devices of the side-by-side structure.

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Abstract

一种肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，包括一个共用电极单元(40)、至少一个变色单元(30)以及一个电解质层(70)，所述共用电极单元(40)包括电极层(42)和设于该电极层(42)之上的电极保护层(43)，所述变色单元(30)包括透明导电层(32)和设于该透明导电层(32)之上的变色层(33)，所述共用电极单元(40)和各变色单元(30)在同一平面上排列布置，且相邻两单元之间设有绝缘区(50)，所述电解质层(70)覆盖在所述共用电极单元(40)中的电极保护层(43)和各变色单元(30)中的变色层(33)之上，并连通所述共用电极单元(40)中的电极保护层(43)与各变色单元(30)中的变色层(33)。通过将目前三明治结构的电致变色器件扁平化成为肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，有利于实现电致变色器件的多色彩和个性化图形设计，降低集成、柔化和大面积设计的难度。

Description

一种肩并肩结构的电致变色器件及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及电致变色领域和电子显示领域，尤其涉及一种肩并肩结构的电致变色器件及其应用。
背景技术
电致变色材料是一种在外界电刺激下可以发生稳定可逆的颜色变化，同时具有光学调制能力的一种智能材料。以电致变色材料为核心层，匹配相应的电解质层和对电极层组装可以得到三明治结构的电致变色器件，它可以应用于建筑等的装配窗(也称智能窗)、显示器、文件加密以及变色眼镜等领域。
传统电致变色器件是由多种材料集成类似电池的三明治结构，包括由沉积在上下玻璃衬底上的透明导电层、离子储存层、电致变色层和电解质层组成的5层结构，其工作过程通常包括以下两步：(1)在上下透明导电层之间施加正向工作电压，电解质层中的阳离子注入变色层，变色层着色的过程；(2)在上下透明导电层之间施加反向工作电压，阳离子从变色层中抽离，变色层褪色过程。
然而，传统电致变色器件中，阳离子的注入和抽出均在竖直方向进行，离子储存层和变色层分别位于竖直方向的不同功能层上，所以要求两者的颜色和位置必须匹配，才能使变色层能显示出其本身的颜色或颜色变化，这在很大程度上限制了电致变色器件颜色的多样化和个性化设计，而且不易于器件的集成和柔化设计。另外，传统电致变色器件复杂的制备工艺及高昂的成本，大大影响了电致变色器件的大范围商业化应用。
发明内容
基于此，本发明的目的在于，将目前三明治结构的电致变色器件扁平化成为肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，以利于实现电致变色器件的多色彩和个性化图形设计，降低器件集成、柔化和大面积设计的难度，且本发明提供的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的结构更为简单、成本更加低廉，将会大大推动电致变色器件的广泛应用。
本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，包括一个共用电极单元、至少一个变色单元以及一个电解质层，所述共用电极单元包括电极层和设于该电极层之上的电极保护层，所述变色单元包括透明导电层和设于该透明导电层之上的变色层，所述共用电极单元和各变色单元在同一平面上排列布置，且相邻两单元之间设有绝缘区，所述电解质层覆盖在所述共用电极单元中的电极保护层和各变色单元中的变色层之上，并连通所述共用电极单元中的电极保护层与各变色单元中的变色层。
本发明在同一平面上排列布置共用电极单元和变色单元，将传统三明治结构的电致变色器件扁平化成为肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，由于电极保护层和电极层不设置在变色层的竖直方向上，即变色层的竖直方向上不存在影响其颜色显示的功能层，因此变色层能显示出其本身的颜色或颜色变化，而不受电极保护层和电极层的材料种类限制，从而扩大了变色层的材料的可选范围，也有利于对电极保护层和电极层的材料进行自由选择，电极保护层不一定采用透明材料也无须与变色层的颜色匹配。
由此，本发明可以实现将现有的变色材料在同一平面上阵列式排列兼并在电致变色器件中，以实现彩色静态显示和智能窗的大面积、多色彩和个性化定制。本发明的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件在智能窗、显示器、文件加密等领域具有较好的应用前景。另外，与传统三明治结构的电致变色器件相比，本发明对器件的平面化提高了器件的集成度，有利于其柔性化设计，而且器件结构简单，成本低廉、节能环保。
进一步地，所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时，在所述共用电极单元的电极层与至少一个变色单元中的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，实现至少一个变色单元中的变色层的变色；或者，在至少两个变色单元中的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，实现至少两个变色单元中的变色层之间的变色切换。
进一步地，所述共用电极单元还包括衬底，其电极层设于该衬底之上；所述变色单元还包括透明衬底，其透明导电层设于该透明衬底之上。
进一步地，所述共用电极单元的衬底与各变色单元的透明衬底可以共用同一块衬底，有利于简化制作工艺，也可以分别采用多块衬底，方便进行个性化拼接形成整体器件。
进一步地，所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件还包括一个透明封装层，所述透明封装层覆盖于所述电解质层之上，从而对器件封装保护。
进一步地，所述共用电极单元中，所述电极保护层部分覆盖在所述电极层之上，所述电极层的未覆盖区域上设有与其电连接的引线电极；所述变色单元中，所述变色层部分覆盖在所述透明导电层之上，所述透明导电层的未覆盖区域上设有与其电连接的引线电极。还包括一个透明封装层，所述透明封装层覆盖于所述电解质层之上；且所述共用电极单元的引线电极和各变色单元的引线电极均与所述电解质层不接触。设置引线电极方便连接外电路以提供工作电压。
进一步地，所述变色层为电致变色材料。
进一步地，所述电极保护层为能够阻挡变色离子轰击所述电极层的材料。
本发明还提供一种电致变色设备，所述电致变色设备包括至少一个上述任一项所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件。
进一步地，所述电致变色设备为电致变色调光窗户、显示器件或加密器件。
为了更好地理解和实施，下面结合附图详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的示意图；
图2为实施例1的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时2种不同状态的实物照片；
图3为实施例2的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的俯视图；
图4为实施例2的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时4种不同状态的实物照片；
图5为实施例3的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的俯视图；
图6为实施例3的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时4种不同状态的实物照片；
图7为实施例4的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的俯视图；
图8为实施例4的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时8种不同状态的实物照片。
具体实施方式
本发明的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，包括一个共用电极单元、至少一个变色单元以及一个电解质层，所述共用电极单元包括电极层和设于该电极层之上的电极保护层，所述变色单元包括透明导电层和设于该透明导电层之上的变色层，所述共用电极单元和各变色单元在同一平面上排列布置，且相邻两单元之间设有绝缘区，所述电解质层覆盖在所述共用电极单 元中的电极保护层和各变色单元中的变色层之上，并连通所述共用电极单元中的电极保护层与各变色单元中的变色层。
所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时，在所述共用电极单元的电极层与至少一个变色单元中的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，实现至少一个变色单元中的变色层的变色；或者，在至少两个变色单元中的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，实现至少两个变色单元中的变色层之间的变色切换。
具体地，所述共用电极单元还包括衬底，其电极层设于该衬底之上，所述衬底可以是透明、半透明或不透明的衬底，包括玻璃、陶瓷、塑料等绝缘材料；所述电极层可以采用透明或不透明的导电材料，包括ITO导电薄膜、金属薄膜等。
所述变色单元还包括透明衬底，其透明导电层设于该透明衬底之上，所述透明衬底采用玻璃等透明的绝缘材料，所述透明导电层采用透明的导电材料，如ITO导电薄膜等。
作为进一步优选，所述共用电极单元的衬底与各变色单元的透明衬底共用同一块衬底，具体共用同一块玻璃衬底，则在所述玻璃衬底上，所述共用电极单元与相邻的变色单元之间留有绝缘区隔开，以避免短路，每相邻两个变色单元之间也留有绝缘区隔开，保证每个变色单元中的变色层能够独立地进行着色或褪色。
为了实现对器件的封装保护，所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件还包括一个透明封装层，所述透明封装层覆盖于所述电解质层之上，其采用透明的绝缘材料，如玻璃等。
为了方便连接外电路以提供工作电压，所述共用电极单元中，所述电极保护层部分覆盖在所述电极层之上，所述电极层的未覆盖区域上设有与其电连接的引线电极；所述变色单元中，所述变色层部分覆盖在所述透明导电层之上，所述透明导电层的未覆盖区域上设有与其电连接的引线电极。且，所述共用电极单元的引线电极和各变色单元的引线电极均与所述电解质层不接触。
由此，所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件存在两种工作模式：
(1)将所述共用电极单元的引线电极与任意一个变色单元的引线电极分别连接外电路，即在所述共用电极单元的电极层与该变色单元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，以实现该变色单元中变色层的着色或褪色；或者将所述共用电极单元的引线电极与任意两个或以上变色单元的引线电极分别连接外电路，即在所述共用电极单元的电极层与该两个或以上的变色单 元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，以实现该两个或以上的变色单元中变色层的同时着色或同时褪色；
(2)将任意两个或以上变色单元的引线电极分别连接外电路，即在该两个或以上的变色单元的引线电极之间施加工作电压，以实现该两个或以上的变色单元中变色层之间的着色与褪色的切换。
为了更好地实现对器件的封装保护，所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件还包括粘结剂，所述粘结剂设于所述透明封装层与所述电极层之间的空隙中，或设于所述透明封装层与所述透明导电层之间的空隙中，以实现封装。
具体地，所述变色层为电致变色材料，可以采用氧化钨(WO 3)薄膜、氧化镍(NiO)薄膜等。
所述电极保护层为能够阻挡变色离子轰击所述电极层的材料，可以采用透明二氧化钛(TiO 2)薄膜，实现透光，也包括变色材料。所述电极保护层也可以是离子储存层，用以保护电极层，并起到储存离子的作用。
所述电解质层为凝胶态电解质层、全固态电解质层或液态电解质层，例如采用高氯酸锂(LiClO 4)的碳酸丙烯酯(PC)溶液、盐酸水溶液等。
本发明所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件可应用于电致变色设备中，所述电致变色设备包括至少一个所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其具体可以为电致变色调光窗户、显示器件或加密器件。
所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件中变色单元的数量不限，且所述共用电极单元与各变色单元在同一平面上的排列布置方式也不限，具体根据电致变色设备的实际显示需要而定。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例1
请参阅图1，其为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的示意图，其中图1(a)为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的主视图，图1(b)为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器 件的俯视图。
本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件包括一个共用电极单元40、一个变色单元30、一个电解质层70、一个透明封装层80以及粘结剂90。
所述共用电极单元40包括衬底41、完全覆盖在该衬底41之上的电极层42以及设于该电极层42之上的电极保护层43，并连通所述电极保护层43与变色层33。且所述电极保护层43覆盖在所述电极层42的一侧之上，所述电极层42的另一侧未覆盖区域上设有引线电极44。
所述变色单元30包括透明衬底31、完全覆盖在该透明衬底31之上的透明导电层32以及设于该透明导电层32之上的变色层33，且所述变色层33覆盖在所述透明导电层32的一侧之上，所述透明导电层32的另一侧未覆盖区域上设有引线电极34。
所述共用电极单元40与所述变色单元30在同一平面上并排拼接，且两者之间设有绝缘区50。所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44与所述变色单元30的引线电极34分别位于所述绝缘区50的两侧。
所述电解质层70覆盖在所述共用电极单元40中的电极保护层43和所述变色单元30中的变色层33之上。且，所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44和所述变色单元30的引线电极34均与所述电解质层70不接触。
所述透明封装层80覆盖在所述电解质层70之上。
所述粘结剂90设于所述透明封装层80与所述电极层42之间的空隙中，并设于所述透明封装层80与所述透明导电层32之间的空隙中，以实现封装。
所述共用电极单元40的衬底41与变色单元30的透明衬底31分别采用两片玻璃衬底，所述电极层42为溅射在衬底41上的ITO导电薄膜，所述电极保护层43为由溶胶凝胶法制备的透明TiO 2薄膜，所述透明导电层32为溅射在透明衬底31上的ITO导电薄膜，所述变色层33是由热蒸发法制备的WO 3薄膜，是一种阴极着色电致变色材料。
所述电解质层70采用LiClO 4的PC溶液。
请参阅图2，其为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时2种不同状态的实物照片，其中图2(a)为变色层33呈透明态时的照片，图2(b)为变色层33呈着色态时的照片。
所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时，所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44与所述变 色单元30的引线电极34分别连接外电路，用以提供工作电压，用户对变色层33状态的调控过程如下：
(1)未施加工作电压时，变色层33为初始的透明态，如图2(a)所示，变色层33起到透光作用；
(2)将外电路的正极连接引线电极44，将其负极连接引线电极34，即施加方向由电极层42指向透明导电层32、大小为1V的工作电压U，使变色层33着色，断开工作电压后，变色层33的着色态保持，如图2(b)所示，变色层33实现变色调光功能；
(3)再将外电路的负极连接引线电极44，将其正极连接引线电极34，即施加方向由透明导电层32指向电极层42的工作电压U，使变色层33褪色至恢复初始的透明态，如图2(a)所示，断开工作电压后，变色层33的透明态保持，恢复透光作用；
(4)重复实施步骤(2)和(3)来切换变色层33的调光功能和透光功能。
本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件可作为基本单元应用于智能窗中，所述智能窗包括至少一个所述的肩并肩机构的电致变色器件，各电致变色器件呈阵列式拼接。
由此，将多个所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件进行阵列式拼接，可以实现低成本、大面积地制备具有电致变色调光功能的智能窗。
实施例2
请参阅图3，其为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的俯视图。
本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件包括一个共用电极单元40、9个变色单元、一个电解质层、一个透明封装层以及粘结剂。所述9个变色单元分别为变色单元30-1、变色单元30-2、变色单元30-3、变色单元30-4、变色单元30-5、变色单元30-6、变色单元30-7、变色单元30-8和变色单元30-9。
所述共用电极单元40包括长方形的衬底、完全覆盖在该衬底之上的电极层以及设于该电极层之上的电极保护层，且所述电极保护层部分覆盖在所述电极层之上，留出位于电极层一端的未覆盖区域，该未覆盖区域上设有引线电极44。
每个变色单元包括正方形的透明衬底、完全覆盖在该透明衬底之上的透明导电层以及设于该透明导电层之上的变色层，且所述变色层部分覆盖在所述透明导电层之上，留出位于该透明导电层的其中一个角的未覆盖区域，该未覆盖区域上设有引线电极34。
所述共用电极单元40与9个变色单元在同一平面上排列拼接，所述9个变色单元按3×3的矩阵排列，并机械拼接成一个正方形，所述共用电极单元40沿该正方形的其中一条边布置，且所述共用电极单元40与相邻的3个变色单元之间设有绝缘区50，每相邻两个变色单元之间也设有绝缘区50。
所述电解质层覆盖在所述共用电极单元40中的电极保护层和所述9个变色单元中的变色层之上，并连通所述共用电极单元40中的电极保护层和所述9个变色单元中的变色层。且，所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44和所述9个变色单元的引线电极34均与所述电解质层不接触。
所述透明封装层覆盖在所述电解质层之上，并将所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44及各变色单元的引线电极34露出。
所述粘结剂设于所述透明封装层与所述电极层之间的空隙中，并设于所述透明封装层与所述透明导电层之间的空隙中，以实现封装。
所述共用电极单元40的衬底与所述9个变色单元的透明衬底共用同一片玻璃衬底，所述电极层为溅射在该玻璃衬底上的金属薄膜，所述电极保护层为由溶胶凝胶法制备的透明TiO 2薄膜，所述透明导电层为溅射在该玻璃衬底上的ITO导电薄膜，所述变色层为由热蒸发法制备的WO 3薄膜或者NiO薄膜。
所述9个变色单元中的变色层的材料和形状可以互不相同。以变色单元30-1与变色单元30-2为例，所述变色单元30-1的变色层为正方形，采用NiO薄膜，其着色时呈黑色；而所述变色单元30-2的变色层为三角形，采用WO 3薄膜，其着色时呈蓝色。
所述电解质层采用LiClO 4的PC溶液。
所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时，用户根据各变色层的材料特性的不同，可以在共用电极单元40的电极层与任意一个变色单元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，即可实现该变色单元中变色层的着色或褪色，从而实现对单个变色单元的单独变色调控；也可以在共用电极单元40的电极层与多个变色单元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，即可实现该多个变色单元中变色层的同时变色，从而实现对多个变色单元的多色彩呈现或完全透明的调控；还可以在任意至少两个的变色单元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，即可实现该至少变色单元中变色层之间的着色与褪色的切换，从而实现变色单元之间的色彩切换。
请参阅图4，其为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时4种不同状态的实物照片，其中，图4(a)为变色单元30-1的变色层呈着色态，变色单元30-2的变色层呈透明态时的照片；图4(b)为变色单元30-1的变色层呈透明态，变色单元30-2的变色层呈着色态时的照片；图4(c)为变色单元30-1和变色单元30-2的变色层均呈透明态时的照片；图4(d)为变色单元30-1和变色单元30-2的变色层均呈着色态时的照片。
以变色单元30-1与变色单元30-2为例，用户可以将变色单元30-1与变色单元30-2调控为4种不同的色态显示组合，调控方式如下：
(1)不施加工作电压时，变色单元30-1的正方形变色层为初始的黑色着色态，变色单元30-2的三角形变色层为初始的透明态，如图4(a)所示；
(2)将外电路的负极连接引线电极44，将其正极连接变色单元30-1的引线电极34，即施加方向由变色单元30-1的透明导电层指向共用电极单元40的电极层、大小为1V的工作电压，使变色单元30-1的正方形变色层褪色为透明态，变色单元30-2的三角形变色层也为透明态，如图4(c)所示；
(3)将引线电极44接地，将外电路的正极连接变色单元30-1的引线电极34连接，将其负极连接变色单元30-2的引线电极34，即施加方向由变色单元30-1的透明导电层指向变色单元30-2的透明导电层、大小为1V的工作电压，使变色单元30-1的正方形变色层褪色为透明态，变色单元30-2的三角形变色层着色为蓝色，如图4(b)所示；
(4)将引线电极44接地，将外电路的负极连接变色单元30-1的引线电极34连接，将其正极连接变色单元30-2的引线电极34，即施加方向由变色单元30-2的透明导电层指向变色单元30-1的透明导电层、大小为1V的工作电压，使变色单元30-1的正方形变色层着色为黑色，变色单元30-2的三角形变色层着色为蓝色，如图4(d)所示。
本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件可作为基本单元进行阵列式拼接，可以得到多色彩的阵列式智能窗，所述多色彩的阵列式智能窗包括至少一个所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件。
实施例3
请参阅图5，其为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的俯视图。
本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件包括一个共用电极单元40、两个变色单元、一个 电解质层、一个透明封装层以及粘结剂。所述两个变色单元分别为变色单元30-1和变色单元30-2。
所述共用电极单元40包括长方形的衬底、完全覆盖在该衬底之上的电极层以及设于该电极层之上的电极保护层43，且所述电极保护层43覆盖在所述电极层的一侧中部之上，留出包围该电极保护层43的未覆盖区域，该未覆盖区域的中部设有引线电极44。
每个变色单元包括长方形的透明衬底、完全覆盖在该透明衬底之上的透明导电层以及设于该透明导电层之上的变色层，且所述变色层为8字形，其覆盖在所述透明导电层的中部之上，该透明导电层的未覆盖区域上设有引线电极34。
所述共用电极单元40与所述两个变色单元在同一平面上排列拼接，所述两个变色单元并排设置，所述共用电极单元40设于所述两个变色单元的一侧，且所述共用电极单元40与所述两个变色单元之间设有绝缘区50，所述两个变色单元之间也设有绝缘区50。
所述电解质层覆盖在所述共用电极单元40中的电极保护层43和所述两个变色单元中的变色层之上，并连通所述共用电极单元40中的电极保护层和所述两个变色单元中的变色层。且，所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44和所述两个变色单元的引线电极34均与所述电解质层不接触。
所述透明封装层覆盖在所述电解质层之上，并将所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44及所述两个变色单元的引线电极34露出。
所述粘结剂设于所述透明封装层与所述电极层之间的空隙中，并设于所述透明封装层与所述透明导电层之间的空隙中，以实现封装。
所述共用电极单元40的衬底与所述两个变色单元的透明衬底分别采用三片玻璃衬底，所述电极层为溅射在所述衬底上的ITO导电薄膜，所述电极保护层43为由溶胶凝胶法制备的透明TiO 2薄膜，所述两个变色单元的透明导电层为溅射在透明衬底上的ITO导电薄膜，所述变色单元30-1的变色层33-1为由热蒸发法制备的NiO薄膜，所述变色单元30-1的变色层33-2为由热蒸发法制备的WO 3薄膜。
所述电解质层采用LiClO 4的PC溶液。
所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时，用户根据各变色层的材料特性的不同，可以在共用电极单元40的电极层与任意一个变色单元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，即可实现 该变色单元中变色层的着色或褪色，从而实现单个变色单元的数字显示；也可以在所述两个的变色单元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，即可实现该两个变色单元中变色层之间的着色与褪色的切换，从而实现变色单元之间的数字显示切换。
请参阅图6，其为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时4种不同状态的实物照片，其中，图6(a)为变色层33-1和变色层33-2均呈透明态时的照片；图6(b)为变色层33-1呈着色态，变色层33-2呈透明态时的照片；图6(c)为变色层30-1呈透明态，变色层30-2呈着色态时的照片；图6(d)为变色层33-1和变色层33-2均呈着色态时的照片。
用户可以将变色单元30-1与变色单元30-2调控为4种不同的色态显示组合，调控方式如下：
(1)不施加工作电压时，变色层33-1为初始的黑色着色态，显示数字8，变色层33-2为初始的透明态，不显示数字，如图6(c)所示；
(2)将外电路的负极连接引线电极44，将其正极连接变色单元30-1的引线电极34，即施加方向由变色单元30-1的透明导电层指向共用电极单元40的电极层、大小为1～5V的工作电压，使变色层33-1褪色为透明态而不显示数字，变色层33-2也为透明态，不显示数字，如图6(a)所示；
(3)将引线电极44接地，将外电路的正极连接变色单元30-1的引线电极34连接，将其负极连接变色单元30-2的引线电极34，即施加方向由变色单元30-1的透明导电层指向变色单元30-2的透明导电层、大小为1～5V的工作电压，使变色层33-1褪色为透明态，从而显示数字8，变色层33-2着色为蓝色，从而显示数字8，如图6(d)所示；
(4)将引线电极44接地，将外电路的负极连接变色单元30-1的引线电极34连接，将其正极连接变色单元30-2的引线电极34，即施加方向由变色单元30-2的透明导电层指向变色单元30-1的透明导电层、大小为1～5V的工作电压，使变色层33-1着色为黑色，从而显示数字8，变色层33-2着色为蓝色，从而显示数字8，如图6(b)所示。
本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件可作为基本单元进行阵列式拼接，可以得到彩色的数码显示器，所述彩色的数码显示器包括至少一个所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件。
由此，将多个所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件进行阵列式拼接，可以实现大面积的彩色数码静态显示。
实施例4
请参阅图7，其为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的俯视图。
本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件包括一个共用电极单元40、三个变色单元、一个电解质层、一个透明封装层以及粘结剂。所述三个变色单元分别为变色单元30-1、变色单元30-2和变色单元30-3。
所述共用电极单元40包括长方形的衬底、完全覆盖在该衬底之上的电极层以及设于该电极层之上的电极保护层42，且所述电极保护层42覆盖在所述电极层的一侧中部之上，留出半包围于该电极保护层42的未覆盖区域，该未覆盖区域的中部设有引线电极44。
每个变色单元包括长方形的透明衬底、完全覆盖在该透明衬底之上的透明导电层以及设于该透明导电层之上的变色层，且所述变色层为方形，其覆盖于在所述透明导电层的中部之上，该透明导电层的未覆盖区域上设有引线电极34。
所述共用电极单元40与所述三个变色单元在同一平面上排列拼接，所述三个变色单元并排设置，所述共用电极单元40设于所述三个变色单元的一侧，且所述共用电极单元40与所述三个变色单元之间设有绝缘区50，每相邻两个变色单元之间也设有绝缘区50。
所述电解质层覆盖在所述共用电极单元40中的电极保护层42和所述三个变色单元中的变色层之上，并连通所述共用电极单元40中的电极保护层42和所述三个变色单元中的变色层。且，所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44和所述三个变色单元的引线电极34均与所述电解质层不接触。
所述透明封装层覆盖在所述电解质层之上，并将所述共用电极单元40的引线电极44及所述三个变色单元的引线电极34露出。
所述粘结剂设于所述透明封装层与所述电极层之间的空隙中，并设于所述透明封装层与所述透明导电层之间的空隙中，以实现封装。
所述共用电极单元40与所述三个变色单元采用同一块柔性ITO透明导电衬底，则该柔性ITO透明导电衬底的衬底共同作为所述共用电极单元40的衬底和所述三个变色单元的透明衬底，该柔性ITO透明导电衬底上的ITO导电薄膜分别划分为所述共用电极单元40的电极层与所述三个变色单元的透明导电层。
所述电极保护层42是由溶胶凝胶法制备的透明TiO 2薄膜。所述变色单元30-1的变色层 33-1、变色单元30-2的变色层33-2和变色单元30-3的变色层33-3都是由热蒸发法制备的WO 3薄膜。
所述电解质层采用质量浓度为1％的盐酸水溶液。
在本实施例的本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件的底部设置一块显色板，所述显色板上设有三基色(红R、绿G、蓝B)的色区，包括与变色层33-1位置对应的R色区(红)、与变色层33-2位置对应的G色区(绿)、以及变色层33-3位置对应的B区(蓝)。所述变色层为透明态时，会显示出与其对应的色区，而为着色态时会遮挡与其对应的色区。
所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时，用户可以在共用电极单元40的电极层与任意至少一个变色单元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，即可实现该变色单元中变色层的着色或褪色，从而实现对应色区的显示调控；还可以在任意至少两个的变色单元的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，即可实现该至少两个变色单元中变色层之间的着色与褪色的切换，从而实现变色单元之间的对应色区的显示切换。
请参阅图8，其为本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时8种不同状态的实物照片，其中，图8(a)为三个变色层均呈透明态时的照片；图8(b)为三个变色层均呈着色态时的照片；图8(c)为变色层33-1和变色层33-2呈着色态，变色层33-3呈透明态时的照片；图8(d)为变色层33-1和变色层33-3呈着色态，变色层33-2呈透明态时的照片；图8(e)为变色层33-2和变色层33-3呈着色态，变色层33-1呈透明态时的照片；图8(f)为变色层33-1呈着色态，变色层33-2和变色层33-3呈透明态时的照片；图8(g)为变色层33-2呈着色态，变色层33-1和变色层33-3呈透明态时的照片；图8(h)为变色层33-3呈着色态，变色层33-1和变色层33-2呈透明态时的照片。
用户可以将三个变色单元调控为9种不同的状态组合，调控方式包括但不限于以下几种：
(1)不施加工作电压时，三个变色单元的变色层为初始的透明态，显示R色区、G色区和B色区，如图8(a)所示；
(2)将外电路的正极连接引线电极44，将其负极分别连接任意两个变色单元的引线电极34，即施加方向由共用电极单元40的电极层指向该两个变色单元的透明导电层、大小为1～3V的工作电压，使该两个变色单元的变色层着色，从而仅显示其余一个变色层对应的色区，如图8(c)～(e)所示；
(3)将外电路的正极连接引线电极44，将其负极连接任意一个变色单元的引线电极34，即施加方向由共用电极单元40的电极层指向该变色单元的透明导电层、大小为1～3V的工作电压，使该变色单元的变色层着色，从而仅显示该变色层对应的色区以外的两个色区，如图8(f)～(h)所示；
(4)将外电路的正极连接引线电极44，将其负极分别连接三个变色单元的引线电极34，即施加方向由共用电极单元40的电极层指向该三个变色单元的透明导电层、大小为1～3V的工作电压，使该三个变色单元的变色层都着色，从而R色区、G色区和B色区都不显示，如图8(b)所示；
(5)将外电路的负极连接引线电极44，将其正极连接任意一个或多个变色单元的引线电极34，即施加方向由该变色单元的透明导电层指向共用电极单元40的电极层的工作电压，可使该变色单元的变色层褪色为透明态，从而显示该变色单元对应的色区。
本实施例的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件可作为显示基元进行阵列式拼接，可以得到彩色显示器，所述彩色的数码显示器包括至少一个所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件。
由此，将多个所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件进行阵列式拼接，可以实现大面积的、柔性彩色静态显示。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其特征在于：包括一个共用电极单元、至少一个变色单元以及一个电解质层，所述共用电极单元包括电极层和设于该电极层之上的电极保护层，所述变色单元包括透明导电层和设于该透明导电层之上的变色层，所述共用电极单元和各变色单元在同一平面上排列布置，且相邻两单元之间设有绝缘区，所述电解质层覆盖在所述共用电极单元中的电极保护层和各变色单元中的变色层之上，并连通所述共用电极单元中的电极保护层与各变色单元中的变色层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述肩并肩结构的电致变色器件工作时，在所述共用电极单元的电极层与至少一个变色单元中的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，实现至少一个变色单元中的变色层的变色；或者，在至少两个变色单元中的透明导电层之间施加工作电压，实现至少两个变色单元中的变色层之间的变色切换。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述共用电极单元还包括衬底，其电极层设于该衬底之上；所述变色单元还包括透明衬底，其透明导电层设于该透明衬底之上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述共用电极单元的衬底与各变色单元的透明衬底共用同一块衬底。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其特征在于：还包括一个透明封装层，所述透明封装层覆盖于所述电解质层之上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述共用电极单元中，所述电极保护层部分覆盖在所述电极层之上，所述电极层的未覆盖区域上设有与其电连接的引线电极；所述变色单元中，所述变色层部分覆盖在所述透明导电层之上，所述透明导电层的未覆盖区域上设有与其电连接的引线电极；且所述共用电极单元的引线电极和各变色单元的引线电极均与所述电解质层不接触。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述变色层为电致变色材料。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件，其特征在于：所述电极保护层为能够阻挡变色离子轰击所述电极层的材料。
  9. 一种电致变色设备，其特征在于：包括至少一个权利要求1-8任一项所述的肩并肩结构的电致变色器件。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电致变色设备，其特征在于：所述电致变色设备为电致变色调光窗户、显示器件或加密器件。
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