WO2020133440A1 - 乳腺成像系统及其光路装置 - Google Patents

乳腺成像系统及其光路装置 Download PDF

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WO2020133440A1
WO2020133440A1 PCT/CN2018/125710 CN2018125710W WO2020133440A1 WO 2020133440 A1 WO2020133440 A1 WO 2020133440A1 CN 2018125710 W CN2018125710 W CN 2018125710W WO 2020133440 A1 WO2020133440 A1 WO 2020133440A1
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breast
filter
rays
grating
ray
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PCT/CN2018/125710
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English (en)
French (fr)
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葛永帅
梁栋
刘新
郑海荣
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深圳先进技术研究院
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4035—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the source being combined with a filter or grating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4064—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/502—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of breast, i.e. mammography

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  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of medical equipment, for example, to a breast imaging system and its optical path device.
  • the X-ray grating phase contrast imaging system includes a Talbot-Lau interferometer composed of three gratings in addition to the traditional X-ray tube and X-ray detector.
  • the source grating (G0) is used to increase the spatial coherence of the X-ray tube
  • the phase grating (G1) is used to encode the phase information of the object
  • the analysis grating (G2) is used to help detect the interference fringes generated by the phase grating.
  • the scanning X-ray grating phase contrast imaging system in the related art can realize full-field breast phase contrast imaging, that is, the breast phase contrast image, breast dark field contrast image and breast absorption can be generated according to the X-ray data collected by the detector Image, in which the breast phase contrast image is extremely sensitive to the detection of certain specific breast cancer tissues, the breast dark field contrast image helps to detect the tiny calcification points inside the breast tissue, and can also help distinguish the two Different calcium, and the absorption contrast image is the gold standard for breast diagnosis.
  • the absorption contrast image generated based on the X-ray data collected by the system is easily affected by the diffraction fringe artifacts of the Talbot-Lau interferometer. Such image artifacts seriously affect the image quality of absorption imaging.
  • the breast imaging system in the related art has a problem that the image quality of the breast absorption image, the breast phase contrast image, and the breast dark field contrast image cannot be taken into consideration.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a breast imaging system and an optical path device thereof, which solves the problem that the breast imaging system in the related art cannot take into account the image quality of the breast absorption image, breast phase contrast image and breast dark field contrast image. While obtaining high-quality breast absorption images, it provides additional breast phase contrast images and breast dark-field contrast images.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an optical path device for a breast imaging system, including:
  • the interferometer is set to diffract the X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube;
  • Filter set to filter the X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube
  • An X-ray tube configured to output X-rays to the interferometer and the filter simultaneously;
  • the detector includes a first detection part and a second detection part, the first detection part is configured to detect first X-ray imaging data corresponding to X-rays passing through breast tissue and the interferometer; the second detection part It is configured to detect second X-ray imaging data corresponding to the X-rays passing through the filter and breast tissue.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a breast imaging system, including:
  • the optical path device for a breast imaging system as described in the first aspect is used to acquire first X-ray imaging data and second X-ray imaging data;
  • the image processing device is configured to reconstruct a breast phase contrast image and a breast dark field contrast image based on the first X-ray imaging data, and reconstruct a breast absorption image based on the second X-ray imaging data.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of the optical path device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Example 3 is a block diagram of a breast imaging system provided in Example 2 of the present application.
  • Example 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a breast imaging system provided in Example 2 of the present application.
  • the optical path device includes an interferometer 2, an optical filter 31, an X-ray tube 1 and a detector 4; the interferometer 2 is configured to diffract X-rays 111 emitted by the X-ray tube 1;
  • the filter 31 is configured to filter the X-rays 111 emitted by the X-ray tube 1; the X-ray tube 1 is configured to output X-rays 111 to the interferometer 2 and the filter 31 at the same time
  • the detector 4 includes a first detection section 41 and The second detection unit 42, the first detection unit 41 is configured to detect the first X-ray imaging data corresponding to the X-rays passing through the breast tissue 5 and the interferometer; the second detection unit 42 is configured to detect the filter and the breast tissue 5 X-ray imaging data corresponding to the second X-ray.
  • the X-ray tube 1 of this embodiment is a rotating anode X-ray tube, the target material of the X-ray tube 1 is tungsten, and the maximum voltage is generally less than 50 kV. In order to improve the spatial resolution of the image, the size of the focal spot 11 of the X-ray tube 1 is less than 0.3 mm.
  • the material of the filter 31 may be aluminum, copper, or silver, and the thickness of the filter may be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the source grating 21 and the filter 31 of the Talbot-Lau interferometer are spliced together in the same plane to form the source grating-filter group 3, so that the X-rays 111 output by the X-ray tube 1 reach the source grating
  • the distance between 21 and the filter 31 is the same.
  • the interferometer in this embodiment is an existing interferometer, and may be a Talbot-Lau interferometer, for example.
  • the source grating 21, the phase grating 22, and the analysis grating 23 are included.
  • the source grating 21 is close to the X-ray tube 1 and is arranged to receive the X-rays 111 output by the X-ray tube 1 and to increase the spatial coherence of the received X-rays 111; the phase grating 22 and the analysis grating 23 are close to the first of the detector 4
  • the detection part 41, and the phase grating 22 is set to receive the X-rays that have passed through the source grating 21 and the breast tissue 5 in sequence, and to encode the phase information of the received X-rays;
  • the analysis grating 23 is set to receive the sequentially passed source grating 21, the breast tissue 5 X-rays behind the phase grating 22 and auxiliary detection of interference fringes generated by the phase grating 22.
  • the detector 4 may be an energy integration type flat panel detector based on ordinary crystals (such as CsI, etc.), or an energy integration type flat panel detector based on semiconductor materials (such as Si or Se, etc.), or may be based on semiconductor materials. (Such as CdTe, etc.) energy-resolved photon counting flat panel detector.
  • the detection units of the detectors of this embodiment are distributed in a linear array. In one embodiment, the size of the detection unit along the scanning direction of the detection unit is smaller than that of the detection unit along the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction And the size of the non-X-ray transmission direction.
  • the size of the detection unit is less than or equal to 3.0cm; in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction and non-X-ray transmission, the size of the detection unit can be 20-30cm to ensure that it can cover the extrusion After breast tissue.
  • this embodiment divides the surface of the detector 4 into two adjacent parts, namely the first detection part 41 and the second detection part 42.
  • the area of the first detection section 41 may be 20%-50% of the total area of the entire detector, and is configured to detect the first X-ray imaging data corresponding to the X-rays passing through the breast tissue 5 and the interferometer 2 respectively, and the second detection section 42 is configured to detect second X-ray imaging data corresponding to the X-rays passing through the filter 31 and the breast tissue 5. That is, the X-ray 111 output from the X-ray tube 1 is divided into two parts.
  • the Talbot-Lau interferometer diffracts only a part of the X-rays, and the other part of the X-rays that have not passed through the Talbot-Lau interferometer passes through the filter 31.
  • the X-ray tube 1 outputs X-rays toward the Talbot-Lau interferometer and the filter 31 at the same time, and the transmission path of the X-rays passing through the Talbot-Lau interferometer is: first to pass through the source close to the X-ray tube 1
  • the grating 21 then passes through the mammary gland tissue 5, then passes through the phase grating 22 and the analysis grating 23 close to the first detection part 41 in order, and finally enters the first detection part 41; and the transmission path of the X-rays through the filter 31 is : First pass the filter 31 close to the X-ray tube 1, then pass through the breast tissue 5, and finally enter the second detection section 42. Therefore, the grating of the Talbot-Lau interferometer can only cover the first detection
  • the surface area of the detector corresponding to the grating of the Talbot-Lau interferometer of this embodiment is very small, which is beneficial to reduce the cost of the Talbot-Lau interferometer, thereby reducing The manufacturing cost of the entire imaging system.
  • the technical solution of the optical path device for the breast imaging system diffracts the X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube through an interferometer; filters the X-rays emitted by the X-ray tube through a filter; and passes X-rays
  • the tube outputs X-rays to the interferometer and the filter at the same time.
  • the detector includes a first detection part and a second detection part. The first detection part detects the first X-ray imaging data corresponding to the X-rays passing through the breast tissue and the interferometer. ; Detecting the second X-ray imaging data corresponding to the X-rays passing through the filter and the breast tissue by the second detection section.
  • the second X-ray imaging data used to reconstruct the mammary gland absorption image is completely unaffected by the diffraction fringe artifacts.
  • One X-ray imaging data can also reconstruct high-quality breast phase contrast images and breast dark-field contrast images, which can provide additional breast phase contrast images and breasts while ensuring high-quality breast absorption images. Dark field contrast image.
  • the mammary gland imaging system includes an image processing device 02 and the optical path device 01 for the mammary gland imaging system described in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the optical path device 01 is configured as Obtain the first X-ray imaging data and the second X-ray imaging data;
  • the image processing device 02 is configured to reconstruct the breast phase contrast image and the breast dark-field contrast image based on the first X-ray imaging data, and according to the second X-ray The imaging data reconstructs the breast absorption image.
  • the image processing device 02 includes one or more processors, and a storage device configured to store one or more programs.
  • the one or more processors When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors perform the steps of: acquiring the first X-ray imaging data collected by the first detection unit 41 and based on the first preset image
  • the reconstruction method performs image reconstruction on the first X-ray imaging data to generate and output a breast phase contrast image and a breast dark-field contrast image; acquiring the second X-ray imaging data collected by the second detection section 42 and based on the second Let the image reconstruction method reconstruct the second X-ray imaging data to generate and output the mammary gland absorption image through the output interface.
  • the first preset image reconstruction method in this embodiment is an existing image reconstruction method, as long as the breast phase contrast image and the breast dark field contrast image can be reconstructed based on the first X-ray imaging data.
  • the second preset image reconstruction method in this embodiment is also an existing image reconstruction method, which is also not limited in this embodiment, as long as the breast absorption image can be reconstructed based on the second X-ray imaging data.
  • the breast imaging system of this embodiment further includes an isocentric C-arm 6 and a control mechanism 7.
  • the isocentric C-arm 6 includes a head 61 located at the top of the isocentric C-arm, and The detection plate 62 in the middle of the isocenter C arm, and the compression plate 63 between the handpiece 61 and the detection plate 62, the handpiece 61 is set to carry the X-ray tube 1 and the source grating-filter set 3, and the detection plate 62 is set to Carrying the detector 4 including the first detection part 41 and the second detection part 42, the compression plate 63 is arranged so that the breast tissue 5 is defined between the compression plate 63 and the detection plate 62, wherein the detection plate 62 further carries the An analysis grating 23 on the upper surface of the detection part 41 and a phase grating 22 provided on the upper surface of the analysis grating 23.
  • the control mechanism 7 is connected to the isocentric C-arm 6 and is configured to drive the isocentric C-arm 6 to rotate around the breast tissue 5 in a preset scanning direction, so that the first detection unit 41 can obtain a reconstructed breast phase contrast image of the whole breast and dark breast
  • the first X-ray imaging data of the field contrast image and the second X-ray imaging data enabling the second detection section 42 to obtain a breast absorption image of the reconstructed full breast.
  • the breast imaging system of this embodiment further includes a collimating device 64, which is disposed on the handpiece 61 and located under the source grating-filter set, so that the X-rays irradiated on the surface of the detector 4 just cover the detector 4 effective imaging area.
  • the collimating device 64 includes a first beam limiter 641 and a second beam limiter 642, wherein the input end of the first beam limiter 641 is connected to the output end of the source grating-filter set, and the second The output end of the beam limiter 642 is connected to the compression plate.
  • the two beam limiters are set to collimate the X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube to ensure that the beam irradiated on the surface of the detector just covers the effective imaging area of the linear array detector.
  • the effective imaging area is the area involved in the acquisition of imaging data.
  • the surface area of the detector corresponding to the grating of the Talbot-Lau interferometer of this embodiment is very small, which is beneficial to reduce the cost of the Talbot-Lau interferometer, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the entire system .
  • the second X-ray imaging data used to reconstruct the breast absorption image is completely unaffected by the diffraction fringe artifacts. Based on the first X-ray imaging data, high-quality breast phase contrast images and breast dark-field contrast images can also be reconstructed, thereby providing additional breast phase contrast images and ensuring high-quality breast absorption images. Dark field contrast image of the breast.

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Abstract

一种乳腺成像系统及其光路装置，光路装置包括：干涉仪（2），设置为使X射线管（1）发出的X射线发生衍射；滤光片（31），设置为对X射线管（1）发出的X射线进行过滤；X射线管（1），设置为同时向干涉仪（2）和滤光片（31）输出X射线；探测器（4），包括第一探测部（41）和第二探测部（42），第一探测部（41）设置为探测穿过乳腺组织（5）和干涉仪（2）的X射线对应的第一X射线成像数据；第二探测部（42）设置为探测穿过滤光片（31）和乳腺组织（5）的X射线对应的第二X射线成像数据。

Description

乳腺成像系统及其光路装置
本申请要求在2018年12月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811580618.4的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及医疗设备领域，例如涉及一种乳腺成像系统及其光路装置。
背景技术
近年来，X射线光栅相位衬度成像方法引起了人们广泛的研究兴趣。通常，X射线光栅相位衬度成像系统除了包含传统的X射线管和X射线探测器外，还包含一套由三个光栅组成的Talbot-Lau干涉仪。其中，源光栅(G0)用来增加X射线管的空间相干性，相位光栅(G1)用来编码物体的相位信息，分析光栅(G2)用来辅助探测相位光栅产生的干涉条纹。相关技术中的扫描式X射线光栅相位衬度成像系统能够实现全乳腺视野相衬成像，即可以根据探测器采集到的X射线数据生成乳腺相位衬度图像、乳腺暗场衬度图像和乳腺吸收图像，其中，乳腺相位衬度图像对探测某些特定的乳腺癌变组织具有极高的灵敏性，乳腺暗场衬度图像有助于探测乳腺组织内部的微小钙化点，同时还可以帮助区分两种不同的钙质，而吸收衬度图像则是乳腺诊断的金标准。但基于该系统所采集到的X射线数据所生成的吸收衬度图像，容易受Talbot-Lau干涉仪衍射条纹伪影的影响，这类图像伪影严重影响了吸收成像的图像质量。
综上，相关技术中的乳腺成像系统存在不能兼顾乳腺吸收图像、乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像的图像质量的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种乳腺成像系统及其光路装置，解决了相关技术中乳腺成像系统不能兼顾乳腺吸收图像、乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像的图像质量的问题，在保证得到高质量的乳腺吸收图像的同时，提供额外的乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用于乳腺成像系统的光路装置，包括：
干涉仪，设置为使X射线管发出的X射线发生衍射；
滤光片，设置为对X射线管发出的X射线进行过滤；
X射线管，设置为同时向所述干涉仪和所述滤光片输出X射线；以及
探测器，包括第一探测部和第二探测部，所述第一探测部设置为探测穿过乳腺组织和所述干涉仪的X射线对应的第一X射线成像数据；所述第二探测部设置为探测穿过所述滤光片和乳腺组织的X射线对应的第二X射线成像数据。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种乳腺成像系统，包括：
如第一方面所述的用于乳腺成像系统的光路装置，用于获取第一X射线成像数据和第二X射线成像数据；
图像处理装置，设置为根据所述第一X射线成像数据重建出乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像，以及根据所述第二X射线成像数据重建出乳腺吸收图像。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一提供的光路装置的示意图；
图2是本申请实施例一提供的光路装置的另一示意图；
图3是本申请实施例二提供的乳腺成像系统的框图示意图；
图4是本申请实施例二提供的乳腺成像系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
本申请实施例提供了一种用于乳腺成像系统的光路装置。如图1和图2所示，该光路装置包括干涉仪2、滤光片31、X射线管1和探测器4；干涉仪2设置为使所X射线管1发出的X射线111产生衍射；滤光片31设置为对X射线管1发出的X射线111进行过滤；X射线管1设置为同时向干涉仪2和滤光片31输出X射线111，探测器4包括第一探测部41和第二探测部42，第一探测部41设置为探测穿过乳腺组织5和干涉仪的X射线对应的第一X射线成像数据；第二探测部42设置为探测穿过滤光片和乳腺组织5的X射线对应的第二X射线成像数据。
其中，本实施例的X射线管1为旋转阳极X射线管，X射线管1的靶材料为钨，且最大电压一般小于50kV。为了提高图像的空间分辨率，该X射线管1的焦斑11的尺寸小于0.3mm。
其中，滤光片31的材料可以是铝、铜或银等，滤光片厚度可以根据实际需求进行调整。在一实施例中，Talbot-Lau干涉仪的源光栅21与滤光片31在同一平面拼接在一起以构成源光栅-滤波片组3，以使X射线管1输出的X射线111到达源光栅21和滤光片31的距离相同。
其中，本实施例的干涉仪为已有的干涉仪，且例如可以是Talbot-Lau干涉仪。对于Talbot-Lau干涉仪，包括源光栅21、相位光栅22和分析光栅23。源光栅21靠近X射线管1，设置为接收X射线管1输出的X射线111，以及增加所接收到的X射线111的空间相干性；相位光栅22和分析光栅23靠近探测器4的第一探测部41，且相位光栅22设置为接收依次经过源光栅21和乳腺组织5后的X射线，以及编码所接收的X射线的相位信息；分析光栅23设置为接收依次经过源光栅21、乳腺组织5和相位光栅22后的X射线，以及辅助探测相位光栅22产生的干涉条纹。
其中，探测器4可以是基于普通晶体(如CsI等)的能量积分型平板探测器，也可以是基于半导体材料(如Si或Se等)的能量积分型平板探测器，还可以 是基于半导体材料(如CdTe等)的能量分辨型光子计数平板探测器。但无论哪一种平板探测器，本实施例探测器的探测单元的分布方式均是线阵式的，在一实施例中，探测单元沿探测单元扫描方向的尺寸小于探测单元沿垂直于扫描方向且非X射线传输方向的尺寸。在沿探测单元扫描方向上，探测单元的尺寸小于或等于3.0cm；在沿垂直于扫描方向且非X射线传输的方向上，探测单元的尺寸可以为20-30cm，以保证可以覆盖住挤压后的乳腺组织。
为了防止Talbot-Lau干涉仪的干涉条纹影响乳腺吸收图像的图像质量，本实施例将探测器4表面分成相邻的两部分，即第一探测部41和第二探测部42。第一探测部41的面积可以为整个探测器总面积的20％-50％，设置为分别探测穿过乳腺组织5和干涉仪2的X射线对应的第一X射线成像数据，第二探测部42设置为探测穿过滤光片31和乳腺组织5的X射线对应的第二X射线成像数据。即将X射线管1输出的X射线111分成两部分，Talbot-Lau干涉仪仅对其中一部分X射线产生衍射作用，而另一部分没有穿过Talbot-Lau干涉仪的X射线穿过了滤光片31。在一实施例中，X射线管1同时朝向Talbot-Lau干涉仪和滤光片31输出X射线，经过Talbot-Lau干涉仪的X射线的传输路径为：先穿过靠近X射线管1的源光栅21，然后穿过乳腺组织5，然后依次穿过靠近第一探测部41的相位光栅22和分析光栅23，最后进入第一探测部41；而经过滤光片31的X射线的传输路径为：先穿过靠近X射线管1的滤光片31，然后穿过乳腺组织5，最后进入第二探测部42，因此，Talbot-Lau干涉仪的光栅仅能覆盖探测器4的第一探测部41。
相较于相关技术中的X射线光栅相位衬度成像系统，本实施例的Talbot-Lau干涉仪的光栅所对应的探测器的表面积很小，有利于降低Talbot-Lau干涉仪的成本，从而降低整个成像系统的制造成本。
本申请实施例提供的用于乳腺成像系统的光路装置的技术方案，通过干涉仪使X射线管发出的X射线发生衍射；通过滤光片对X射线管发出的X射线进行过滤；通过X射线管同时向干涉仪和滤光片输出X射线，探测器包括第一探 测部和第二探测部，通过第一探测部探测穿过乳腺组织和干涉仪的X射线对应的第一X射线成像数据；通过第二探测部探测穿过所述滤光片和乳腺组织的X射线对应的第二X射线成像数据。由于第一X射线成像数据和第二X射线成像数据是通过不同途径同时采集到的，因此用于重建乳腺吸收图像的第二X射线成像数据完全不受衍射条纹伪影的影响，同时基于第一X射线成像数据还能重建出相高质量的乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像，从而可以在保证得到高质量的乳腺吸收图像的同时，提供额外的乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像像。
实施例二
本申请实施例提供了一种乳腺成像系统，如图3所示，该乳腺成像系统包括图像处理装置02和前述实施例所述的用于乳腺成像系统的光路装置01，该光路装置01设置为获取第一X射线成像数据和第二X射线成像数据；该图像处理装置02设置为根据第一X射线成像数据重建出乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像，以及根据第二X射线成像数据重建出乳腺吸收图像。
其中，图像处理装置02包括一个或多个处理器，以及设置为存储一个或多个程序的存储装置。当所述一个或多个程序被一个或多个处理器执行，使得一个或多个处理器执行步骤：获取由第一探测部41采集的第一X射线成像数据，并基于第一预设图像重建方法对第一X射线成像数据进行图像重建以生成并输出乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像；获取由第二探测部42采集的第二X射线成像数据，并基于第二预设图像重建方法对第二X射线成像数据进行图像重建以生成并通过输出界面输出乳腺吸收图像。本实施例中的第一预设图像重建方法为已有的图像重建方法，只要能够基于第一X射线成像数据重建出乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像即可。同时，本实施例中的第二预设图像重建方法也为已有的图像重建方法，本实施例同样对其不予限定，只要能够基于第二X射线成像数据重建出乳腺吸收图像即可。
如图4所示，本实施例的乳腺成像系统还包括等中心C臂6和控制机构7， 结合图1和图2，等中心C臂6包括位于等中心C臂顶部的机头61、位于等中心C臂中部的探测板62，以及位于机头61和探测板62之间的压迫板63，机头61设置为承载X射线管1和源光栅-滤波片组3，探测板62设置为承载包括第一探测部41和第二探测部42的探测器4，压迫板63设置为使乳腺组织5限定在压迫板63与探测板62之间，其中，探测板62还承载有设置于第一探测部41上表面的分析光栅23，以及设置于分析光栅23上表面的相位光栅22。控制机构7连接等中心C臂6，设置为带动等中心C臂6沿预设扫描方向绕乳腺组织5旋转，以使第一探测部41能够得到重建全乳腺的乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像的第一X射线成像数据，以及使第二探测部42能够得到重建全乳腺的乳腺吸收图像的第二X射线成像数据。
本实施例的乳腺成像系统还包括准直装置64，该准直装置64设置于机头61，位于源光栅-滤波片组的下面，以使照射到探测器4表面的X射线刚好覆盖探测器4的有效成像面积。在一实施例中，该准直装置64包括第一限束器641和第二限束器642，其中，第一限束器641的输入端连接源光栅-滤波片组的输出端，第二限束器642的输出端连接压迫板。这两个限束器设置为准直从X射线管出射的X射线，保证照射到探测器表面的光束刚好覆盖线阵探测器的有效成像面积。其中，有效成像面积为参与成像数据获取的面积。
相较于相关技术中的乳腺成像系统，本实施例的Talbot-Lau干涉仪的光栅所对应的探测器的表面积很小，有利于降低Talbot-Lau干涉仪的成本，从而降低整个系统的制造成本。而且，由于第一X射线成像数据和第二X射线成像数据是通过不同途径同时采集到的，因此用于重建乳腺吸收图像的第二X射线成像数据完全不受衍射条纹伪影的影响，同时基于第一X射线成像数据还能重建出高质量的乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像，从而可以在保证得到高质量的乳腺吸收图像的同时，提供额外的乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于乳腺成像系统的光路装置，包括：
    干涉仪，设置为使X射线管发出的X射线发生衍射；
    滤光片，设置为对X射线管发出的X射线进行过滤；
    X射线管，设置为同时向所述干涉仪和所述滤光片输出X射线；以及
    探测器，包括第一探测部和第二探测部，所述第一探测部设置为探测穿过乳腺组织和所述干涉仪的X射线对应的第一X射线成像数据；所述第二探测部设置为探测穿过所述滤光片和乳腺组织的X射线对应的第二X射线成像数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述干涉仪包括Talbot-Lau干涉仪，该干涉仪沿X射线传输方向包括：
    源光栅，设置为接收X射线管输出的X射线，以及增加所接收X射线的空间相干性；
    相位光栅，设置为接收依次经过源光栅和乳腺组织后的X射线，以及编码所接收X射线的相位信息；以及
    分析光栅，设置为接收依次经过源光栅、乳腺组织和相位光栅后的X射线，以及辅助探测所述相位光栅产生的干涉条纹。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，所述源光栅与所述滤光片拼接在一起以构成源光栅-滤波片组，且所述X射线管输出的X射线到达所述源光栅和所述滤光片的距离相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述探测器包括沿扫描方向相邻分布的第一探测部和第二探测部，且所述第一探测部的面积为所述探测器总面积的20％-50％。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的装置，其中，所述探测器为线阵式平板探测器，该探测器的探测单元在扫描方向上的尺寸小于或等于3cm，在垂直于所述扫描方向且非X射线传输方向上的尺寸为20-30cm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述X射线管为旋转阳极X射线管，且焦斑直径小于0.3mm。
  7. 一种乳腺成像系统，包括：
    权利要求1-6任一所述的用于乳腺成像系统的光路装置，设置为获取第一X射线成像数据和第二X射线成像数据；以及
    图像处理装置，设置为根据所述第一X射线成像数据重建出乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像，以及根据所述第二X射线成像数据重建出乳腺吸收图像。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述图像处理装置包括；
    至少一个处理器；
    存储装置，设置为存储至少一个程序；
    当所述至少一个程序被所述至少一个处理器执行，使得所述至少一个处理器执行如下步骤：
    获取由所述第一探测部采集的第一X射线成像数据，并基于第一预设图像重建方法对所述第一X射线成像数据进行图像重建以生成并输出乳腺相位衬度图像和乳腺暗场衬度图像；以及
    获取由所述第二探测部采集的第二X射线成像数据，并基于第二预设图像重建方法对所述第二X射线成像数据进行图像重建以生成并输出乳腺吸收图像。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的系统，还包括：
    等中心C臂，所述等中心C臂包括位于顶部的机头、位于中部的探测板，以及位于所述机头和所述探测板之间的压迫板，所以机头设置为承载所述X射线管和源光栅-滤波片组，所述探测板设置为承载包括第一探测部和第二探测部的探测器，所述压迫板设置为将所述乳腺组织限定在所述压迫板与所述探测板之间，其中，所述探测板还承载有设置于所述第一探测部上表面的分析光栅，以及设置于所述分析光栅上表面的相位光栅，所述源光栅-滤波片组由源光栅与所述滤光片同平面拼接而成；以及
    控制机构，连接所述等中心C臂，设置为带动所述等中心C臂沿预设扫描方向绕乳腺组织旋转。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，还包括：
    准直装置，所述准直装置设置于所述源光栅-滤波片组与所述压迫板之间，设置为使照射到所述探测器表面的X射线正好覆盖所述探测器的有效成像面积。
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