WO2020130777A1 - Four-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Four-stroke internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020130777A1 WO2020130777A1 PCT/MX2019/000133 MX2019000133W WO2020130777A1 WO 2020130777 A1 WO2020130777 A1 WO 2020130777A1 MX 2019000133 W MX2019000133 W MX 2019000133W WO 2020130777 A1 WO2020130777 A1 WO 2020130777A1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
- F01B7/02—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons
- F01B7/14—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on different main shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/28—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly concerns engines with an improved arrangement in which two pistons horizontally opposed to each other are placed within the same cylinder obtaining an efficient engine in terms of energy use. heat of combustion.
- the pistons referred to as "primary H and secondary, have their respective crankshafts driven together by means of a transmission system that rotate together in unison.
- this engine proposes vertical inlet / exhaust valves in the chamber but these are outside the center of the cylinder, and it has the problem that the intake / exhaust valve when opened invades the pistons movement space and can be damaged at high engine speeds, rendering it inefficient and forcing it to fund low RPM delivering low power.
- the latter engine intends to position the cam valves vertically to the center of the combustion chamber and move them with a rocker arm system between the camshaft and valve stems.
- This system at high engine revs could be inefficient since the pistons can hit the cam valves while they are open causing the machine to give itself due to a delay in the movement caused by the mechanism.
- gear systems on both sides of the engine and arranged in a diagonal direction making the engine dramatically increase in weight and reducing the space to place the external components that a combustion engine has to carry in a vehicle.
- the engine operates with a compression ratio of 16-1 that is applicable to 2 and 4-stroke gasoline and diesel, which can have complications, since in diesel that compression ratio is functional, but in gasoline the ratio of safe compression is 13.5-1, without incurring any risk of auto-ignition, since there are engines that use a higher ratio controlling the engine temperature very well
- This invention solves the problem of heat energy losses from combustion caused by the geometry of the combustion chamber in general.
- the described invention offers a simple structure or arrangement by placing the cam valves horizontally outside the axis of movement of the pistons and outside the cylinder in general, achieving that there is no danger of the pistons hitting the cam valves with their movement, as the engine RPM increases, also avoiding offsetting the rotation of the crankshafts to move the chamber from the intake area to the exhaust area.
- the lecturer proposes a compression ratio of at least 12.5-1 since this ratio has a better use of the mixture of fuel and oxygen generated by the rotadonal movement of the engine.
- Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of the four-stroke combustion engine with the arrangement of double pistons opposite each other inside a cylinder and the cam valves positioned horizontally outside the axis of movement of the pistons and outside the cylinder in general object of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a side view of the four-stroke engine showing two of the pistons placed in the ignition position of the camshaft actuated cam valves.
- Figure 3 is a top view showing the cam valve arrangement or assembly actuated by the camshaft and at least one cylinder in the position of the pistons at the center of the cylinder and away from the center of the cylinder.
- Figures 4 and 5 are a side view and a side perspective respectively showing the compact four-stroke internal combustion engine, object of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a sectional view of the four-stroke engine with the output shaft connected to the transmission.
- Figure 7 shows a top view of the four-internal combustion engine with the intake and exhaust ports.
- Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the four-stroke internal combustion engine with the cylinder containing the two pistons opposite each other; as well as the mechanism for air intake and fuel injection.
- a compact internal combustion engine 100 is shown, in accordance with the present invention and which is a four-stroke gasoline powered engine.
- the motor 100 comprises a mechanical system driven by five gears 110, 121, 122, 131, 132 arranged in line, a central gear is the main gear 110 and connects directly to the drive shaft 150, a first pair of secondary gears 121, 122 are arranged on the right side and guided by the central gear 110 in which one of the gears 121 is arranged adjacent to the main gear 110, and the other gear 122 is at the final end remote from the drive shaft 150; a second pair of secondary gears 131, 132 are disposed on the left side and guided by the central gear 110 in which one of the gears 131 is arranged adjacent to the main gear 110, and the other 132 is at the final end away from the axis of transmission 150; each of these adjacent gears 121, 131 transmit the movement to the gears that are at the end ends 122, 132 of the right and left side respectively, said gears 122, 132 being at opposite ends and far from the longitudinal axis 140 of said transmission axis 150, in said gears 122,
- the motor 100 has a system of valves 8 placed horizontally outside the axis of movement of the pistons 1, 2 and outside the cylinder in general, said valves being above and parallel to them.
- cylinders the valves are connected to a camshaft which is a mechanism responsible for opening and closing the valves with the help of springs 9 and valve caps 10 placed on a stem of each valve 8, three of said valves 8 are in contact operating with three cams 22 of a right side camshaft 18 for each piston 1, while two other of said valves 8 are in operational contact With two cams 23 from a left side camshaft 15 for each piston 2, it can be seen that the set of three cams is not aligned with the set of two cams.
- the motor 100 of the present invention uses at least one cylinder 180 inside which are located two pistons 1, 2 placed opposite each other, the first piston on the right side 1 and the second piston placed on the side Left 2, it can be seen that the pistons are in the compression position, creating a combustion chamber 160 at the center of the cylinder, the combustion chamber 160 is designed to operate in conditions where the mixture does not need to be stoichiometric, which which means that the quantities of fuel injected necessary are reduced by more than half obtaining a greater amount of power, with which the fuel efficiency and use of energy is greater than that of a conventional engine;
- the ideal fuel to air ratios within a combustion chamber are 16 parts of air to one of fuel, while those required in this engine are at least 25 parts of air to one part of fuel to operate at same temperatures as a conventional engine. If necessary, a higher capacity and more efficient cooling system can be used in the engine to be able to use a greater amount of fuel and generate up to twice the power per cylinder than it would have at these low fuel ratios.
- Figures 2 and 8 show a device for generating spark 141 below the pistons 1, 2, generally the device is a spark plug 7 capable of igniting the air-fuel mixture and is arranged directly in the center of the combustion chamber 160 ; it can also be seen that the valves 8 are above and far from the pistons 1, 2, this arrangement has the advantage that as the revolutions of the engine 100 increase, there is no danger that the pistons 1, 2 hit the valves 8 with their movement as if the other engines of the state of the art do it.
- Figures 4, 5 and 7 show the complete design of the engine 100 of the present invention, in the figures a small dimensions machine is shown, light and capable of working with less fuel consumption; a housing 190 accommodates the arrangement of cylinders 1, 2 and valves 8, a set of packages 191 can also be seen in an upper central section of the engine to place the intake ports for the intake of the air-gasoline mixture, the exhaust ports for the exit of the burned gases due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture; as well as fuel injectors.
- a housing 190 accommodates the arrangement of cylinders 1, 2 and valves 8
- a set of packages 191 can also be seen in an upper central section of the engine to place the intake ports for the intake of the air-gasoline mixture, the exhaust ports for the exit of the burned gases due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture; as well as fuel injectors.
- an engine with an internal volume greater than that of a conventional engine is intended. But it uses less than half the necessary fuel, generating up to 480 horsepower in a single cylinder
- the engine 100 can be seen with at least two cylinders, one of which represents the position in the combustion stage, when the two pistons 1, 2 move to the center of the combustion chamber 160; while the second cylinder is in the air-fuel intake position, where the pistons move away from the right 3 and left 4 tank and from the center of the combustion chamber 160.
- the four-stroke engine operating cycle of the present invention can be explained as follows:
Abstract
The present invention relates to a compact four-stroke internal combustion engine 100 fuelled by petrol and comprising: a mechanical system operated by five gearwheels 100, 121, 122, 131, 132 disposed in line, a central gearwheel 110 which is the main gearwheel and which is connected directly to the transmission shaft 150; a first 121, 122 and second 131, 132 pair of secondary gearwheels disposed on the right side, guided by the central gearwheel 110; to these gearwheels 122 and 132, which are at the extremities, a number of bars 171, 172 are connected to which the right 3 and left 4 crankshafts are coupled; at least one cylinder 180 in which two opposing pistons 12 are to be found, the first piston 1 located on the right side and the second piston 2 located on the left side, each piston being connected to the right-hand-side 3 and left-hand-side 4 crankshafts respectively by means of a number of right 6 and left 21 connecting rods; a valve train 191, 192 positioned horizontally, above and parallel with the cylinders 180; the valves are connected to a number of camshafts on the right-hand side 18 and the left-hand side 15, which are able to open and close the valves for the entry of the air-fuel mixture with the aid of a number of springs 9 and a valve seal device 10 positioned on the stem of each valve 191, 192; and a device for the generation of a spark 141 disposed below the pistons 1, 2 and located at an intermediate point between said pistons, the device being oriented directly toward the centre of the combustion chamber 160 to ignite the air-fuel mixture obtained in the combustion chamber.
Description
MOTOR DE COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA A CUATRO TIEMPOS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AT FOUR TIMES
CAMPO TÉCNICO TECHNICAL FIELD
La presente ¡nvendón se reladona con los motores de combustión interna, y más particularmente concierne a motores con un arreglo mejorado en la cual se colocan dentro de un mismo dlindro dos pistones opuestos horizontalmente entre si obteniendo un motor efidente en cuanto al aprovechamiento de la energía calorífica de la combustión. The present invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly concerns engines with an improved arrangement in which two pistons horizontally opposed to each other are placed within the same cylinder obtaining an efficient engine in terms of energy use. heat of combustion.
ANTECEDENTES BACKGROUND
Con relación al estado de la técnica se conocen sistemas de motor de combustión intema, ya sea de petróleo, diésel, de dos tiempos y cuatro tiempos, en donde estos generalmente trabajan bajo el principio de pistones reciprocantes. In relation to the state of the art, internal combustion engine systems are known, be they petroleum, diesel, two-stroke and four-stroke, where these generally work under the principle of reciprocating pistons.
Como es sabido, los motores convencionales funcionan en cuatro tiempos, el tiempo de inducción en el cual el pistón se mueve hada el cigüeñal y succiona una mezcla de combustible y aire dentro del dlindro a través de una válvula o válvulas de entrada abiertas, el tiempo de compresión en el cual la.o las válvulas de entrada se derran y la mezda es comprimida según se mueve el pistón apartándose del cigüeñal, luego la ignidón de los gases es seguida por el tiempo de combustión moviéndose el pistón hada abajo para realizar el trabajo y finalmente, el tiempo de escape cuando el pistón se aleja del cigüeñal y la o las válvulas de escape están abiertas de tal manera que la mezda quemada es enviada fuera del dlindro, initiando enseguida nuevamente el siguiente ddo. As is known, conventional engines operate in four stroke, the induction time in which the piston moves to the crankshaft and sucks a mixture of fuel and air into the cylinder through an open inlet valve or valves, the time compression in which the inlet valves leak and the mixture is compressed as the piston moves away from the crankshaft, then the ignition of the gases is followed by the combustion time moving the piston down to do the job and finally, the exhaust time when the piston moves away from the crankshaft and the exhaust valve (s) are open in such a way that the burned mixture is sent out of the cylinder, immediately starting again the next finger.
Se han propuesto diferentes disposiciones de dfindros alrededor de un cigüeñal, los más comunes tienen pistones múltiples dispuestos en diversas configuraciones ya sea en linea, en V, entre otros.
En tiempos más recientes se han desarrollado motores con un arreglo de cilindros dentro del cual se encuentran dos pistones dispuestos opuestos entre ellos en movimiento reciprocante accionados por un cigüeñal, y conectado dicho cigüeñal a una transmisión por ejemplo según el documento GB 2227522 (A) describe un sistema en el que, en un motor hay un cilindro común dentro del cual se aloja un par de pistones opuestos. Cada pistón está conectado a través de una biela para separar los cigüeñales, situados en cada extremo del cilindro. Los pistones, a los que se hace referencia como "primarioH y secundario, tienen sus respectivos cigüeñales impulsados juntos por medio de un sistema de transmisión que giran juntos al unisono. Sin embargo, este motor propone válvulas de admisión/escape verticales en la cámara de combustión, pero estas están fuera del centro del cilindro, y tiene la problemática de que la válvula de admisión/escape al abrirse invade el espacio de movimiento de los pistones y puede dañarse a altas velocidades del motor, hadándolo ineficiente y obligándolo a fundonar a bajas RPM entregando baja potencia. Different arrangements of cylinders around a crankshaft have been proposed, the most common having multiple pistons arranged in various configurations either in line, in V, among others. In more recent times, engines have been developed with a cylinder arrangement within which there are two reciprocating pistons arranged in reciprocating motion actuated by a crankshaft, and said crankshaft connected to a transmission, for example according to GB 2227522 (A) describes a system in which, in an engine there is a common cylinder inside which a pair of opposite pistons is housed. Each piston is connected through a connecting rod to separate the crankshafts, located at each end of the cylinder. The pistons, referred to as "primary H and secondary, have their respective crankshafts driven together by means of a transmission system that rotate together in unison. However, this engine proposes vertical inlet / exhaust valves in the chamber but these are outside the center of the cylinder, and it has the problem that the intake / exhaust valve when opened invades the pistons movement space and can be damaged at high engine speeds, rendering it inefficient and forcing it to fund low RPM delivering low power.
Otra diférenda respecto de lo conocido en motores del estado de la técnica con la invendón propuesta es que los dgüeflales tienen un movimiento desfasado entre ellos para poder mover el volumen central a las zonas donde las válvulas de levas están colocadas. La última diférenda vista en este motor es que los engranes de transmisión hada la flecha printípal están dispuestos en V, lo cual también hace a este sistema más complicado e ineficiente. Another difference with respect to what is known in state-of-the-art engines with the proposed invention is that the spindles have an offset movement between them to be able to move the central volume to the areas where the cam valves are located. The last difference seen in this engine is that the transmission gears to the print shaft are arranged in a V, which also makes this system more complicated and inefficient.
Uno de los documentos más cercanos es la solicitud de patente australiana AU2016100882 que describe a un motor de combustión interna el cual usa dos pistones en un solo cilindro, los pistones están dispuestos horizontalmente opuestos y se mueven en un movimiento reciprocante, diseñado para ser aplicado a diferentes alternativas tales como para motores de petróleo y diésel a dos y cuatro tiempos. Los pistones están unidos a bielas con pernos y las bielas están unidas al dgüeflal con cojinetes. Un tren de engranes es usado para coordinar la rotación del cigüeñal 4, aumentando ya sea las RPM de la flecha de salida o el torque generado en la flecha de salida. El motor usa cigüeñales convendones, árbol de levas; así como bujías, sistemas de inyección de combustible de enfriamiento.
Sin embrago, este último motor pretende colocar las válvulas de levas de manera vertical al centro de la cámara de combustión y moverlas con un sistema de balancines entre el árbol de levas y los vástagos de las válvulas. Este sistema a altas revoluciones del motor podría ser Ineficiente puesto que los pistones pueden llegar a golpear las válvulas de levas mientras están abiertas haciendo que la máquina se darte a si misma debido a un retardo en el movimiento provocado por el mecanismo. Por otra parte, propone sistemas de engranajes en ambos lados del motor y acomodados en un sentido diagonal, haciendo que el motor aumente dramáticamente de peso y reduce el espacio para colocar los componentes externos que tiene que llevar un motor de combustión en un vehículo. Finalmente, el motor funciona con una relación de compresión de 16-1 que es aplicable a gasolina y diésel de 2 y 4 tiempos, lo cual puede tener complicaciones, ya que en diésel es funcional esa relación de compresión, pero en gasolina la relación de compresión segura es de 13.5-1, sin incurrir en ningún riesgo de auto-ignición, toda vez que existen motores que usan una relación mayor controlando muy bien la temperatura del motor One of the closest documents is Australian patent application AU2016100882 that describes an internal combustion engine which uses two pistons in a single cylinder, the pistons are arranged horizontally opposite and move in reciprocating motion, designed to be applied to different alternatives such as for two and four-stroke diesel and oil engines. The pistons are attached to connecting rods with bolts and the connecting rods are attached to the flange with bearings. A gear train is used to coordinate the rotation of the crankshaft 4, increasing either the RPM of the output shaft or the torque generated at the output shaft. The engine uses convendon crankshafts, camshaft; as well as spark plugs, cooling fuel injection systems. However, the latter engine intends to position the cam valves vertically to the center of the combustion chamber and move them with a rocker arm system between the camshaft and valve stems. This system at high engine revs could be inefficient since the pistons can hit the cam valves while they are open causing the machine to give itself due to a delay in the movement caused by the mechanism. On the other hand, it proposes gear systems on both sides of the engine and arranged in a diagonal direction, making the engine dramatically increase in weight and reducing the space to place the external components that a combustion engine has to carry in a vehicle. Finally, the engine operates with a compression ratio of 16-1 that is applicable to 2 and 4-stroke gasoline and diesel, which can have complications, since in diesel that compression ratio is functional, but in gasoline the ratio of safe compression is 13.5-1, without incurring any risk of auto-ignition, since there are engines that use a higher ratio controlling the engine temperature very well
Una de las dificultades con cada uno de estos tipos de motores es que por su diserto existe un peligro latente de que los pistones golpeen las válvulas de levas que están substancialmente verticales debido a su movimiento reciprocante continuo. One of the difficulties with each of these types of engines is that due to their design there is a latent danger of the pistons hitting the valve valves that are substantially vertical due to their continuous reciprocating motion.
Otra problemática que se presenta en tales motores es un desfasamiento por el giro de los agüeítales, aunado a que existen pérdidas de energía calorífica de la combustión debido al arreglo voluminoso y ostentoso de dichos motores. Another problem that occurs in such engines is a phase shift due to the rotation of the water pipes, in addition to the fact that there are losses of heat energy from combustion due to the bulky and ostentatious arrangement of said engines.
La presente solicitud está dirigida a resolver al menos uno de los problemas mencionados anteriormente.
OEUETO DE LA INVENCIÓN The present application is aimed at solving at least one of the problems mentioned above. OEUETO OF THE INVENTION
Esta invención resuelve el problema de pérdidas de energía calorífica de la combustión causados por la geometría de la cámara de combustión en general. This invention solves the problem of heat energy losses from combustion caused by the geometry of the combustion chamber in general.
La invención descrita ofrece una estructura o arreglo simple al colocar las válvulas de levas de manera horizontal fuera del eje de movimiento de pistones y fuera del cilindro en general, logrando que no haya peligro de que los pistones golpeen las válvulas de levas con su movimiento, al ir aumentando las RPM del motor evitando además desfasar el giro de los cigüeñales para mover la cámara de zona de admisión a zona de expulsión. The described invention offers a simple structure or arrangement by placing the cam valves horizontally outside the axis of movement of the pistons and outside the cylinder in general, achieving that there is no danger of the pistons hitting the cam valves with their movement, as the engine RPM increases, also avoiding offsetting the rotation of the crankshafts to move the chamber from the intake area to the exhaust area.
En el diserto propuesto, todos los componentes se mueven de manera sincronizada ya que los funcionamientos de los disertos encontrados en el estado de la técnica hacen que las fuerzas del mota* ésten desbalanceadas generando vibraciones y esfuerzos no deseados en el automóvil y haciendo que la máquina sea más incómoda y menos confiable. In the proposed design, all the components move in a synchronized way since the workings of the designs found in the state of the art cause the forces of the mota * to be unbalanced, generating vibrations and unwanted stresses in the car and causing the machine be more uncomfortable and less reliable.
El diserto propone una reladón de compresión de al menos 12.5-1 toda vez que en esta reladón se tiene un mayor aprovechamiento de la mezda de combustible y oxigeno que genera el movimiento rotadonal del motor. The lecturer proposes a compression ratio of at least 12.5-1 since this ratio has a better use of the mixture of fuel and oxygen generated by the rotadonal movement of the engine.
En el mismo sentido, al aumentar el área superficial del motor se aprovecha mejor la energía calorífica de la combustión y se reduce la temperatura de operación de motor. In the same sense, increasing the surface area of the engine makes better use of the heat energy of the combustion and reduces the operating temperature of the engine.
Permite orientar y posid onar las válvulas de admisión y escape en un espacio respecto a los pistones en un punto central de la cámara. Allows the intake and exhaust valves to be oriented and positioned in a space with respect to the pistons at a central point of the chamber.
Los objetivos de la presente invención antes referidos y aun otros no mencionados, serán evidentes a partir de la descripción de la invención y las figuras que con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo la acompañan.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS The objectives of the present invention referred to above and still others not mentioned, will be evident from the description of the invention and the figures that accompany it by way of illustration and not limitation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura 1 ilustra una vista en perspectiva del motor de combustión a cuatro tiempos con el arreglo de pistones dobles opuestos entre sí dentro de un cilindro y las válvulas de levas colocadas de manera horizontal fuera del eje de movimiento de los pistones y fuera del cilindro en general objeto de la presente invención. Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of the four-stroke combustion engine with the arrangement of double pistons opposite each other inside a cylinder and the cam valves positioned horizontally outside the axis of movement of the pistons and outside the cylinder in general object of the present invention.
La figura 2 es una vista lateral del motor a cuatro tiempos mostrando dos de los pistones colocados en la posición de ignición de las válvulas de levas accionadas por un árbol de levas. Figure 2 is a side view of the four-stroke engine showing two of the pistons placed in the ignition position of the camshaft actuated cam valves.
La figura 3 es una vista superior mostrando el arreglo o conjunto de válvula de levas accionados por el árbol de levas y al menos un dindro en la posición de los pistones al centro del cilindro y alejados del centro del cilindro. Figure 3 is a top view showing the cam valve arrangement or assembly actuated by the camshaft and at least one cylinder in the position of the pistons at the center of the cylinder and away from the center of the cylinder.
Las figuras 4 y 5 son una vista lateral y en perspectiva lateral respectivamente que muestran al motor de combustión intema a cuatro tiempos compacta, objeto de la presente invención. Figures 4 and 5 are a side view and a side perspective respectively showing the compact four-stroke internal combustion engine, object of the present invention.
La figura 6 es una vista en corte seccional del motor a cuatro tiempos con la flecha de salida conectado a la transmisión. Figure 6 is a sectional view of the four-stroke engine with the output shaft connected to the transmission.
La figura 7 muestra una vista superior del motor de combustión interna a cuatro con los puertos de admisión y escape. Figure 7 shows a top view of the four-internal combustion engine with the intake and exhaust ports.
La figura 8 muestra una vista en corte seccional del motor de combustión interna a cuatro tiempos con el cilindro que contiene a los dos pistones opuestos entre sí; asi como el mecanismo para la admisión de aire e inyección del combustible.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the four-stroke internal combustion engine with the cylinder containing the two pistons opposite each other; as well as the mechanism for air intake and fuel injection. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Haciendo referencia a la figura 1 se muestra un motor de combustión interna 100 compacto, de acuerdo con la presente invención y el cual es un motor de cuatro tiempos que funciona a base de gasolina. Referring to FIG. 1, a compact internal combustion engine 100 is shown, in accordance with the present invention and which is a four-stroke gasoline powered engine.
El motor 100 comprende un sistema mecánico accionado por cinco engranes 110, 121, 122, 131, 132 dispuestos en linea, un engrane central es ei engrane principal 110 y conecta directamente con ei eje de transmisión 150, un primer par de engranes secundarios 121, 122 son dispuestos del lado derecho y guiados por ei engrane central 110 en el que uno de ios engranes 121 se dispone adyacente al engrane principal 110, y el otro engrane 122 queda en ei extremo final alejado del eje de transmisión 150; un segundo par de engranes secundarios 131, 132 son dispuestos del lado izquierdo y guiados por el engrane central 110 en el que uno dé los engranes 131 se dispone adyacente al engrane principal 110, y el otro 132 queda en el extremo final alejado dei eje de transmisión 150; cada uno de estos engranes adyacentes 121, 131 transmiten el movimiento a los engranes que están en los extremos finales 122, 132 del lado derecho e izquierdo respectivamente quedando dichos engranes 122, 132 en extremos opuestos y alejados del eje longitudinal 140 de dicho eje de transmisión 150, en dichos engranes 122, 132 que están en los extremos se conectan unas barras 171, 172 en las cuales se acoplan cigüeñales derecho 3 e izquierdo 4 que unen directamente a unas bielas derecha 6 e izquierda 21 de los pistones derecho 1 e izquierdo 2. The motor 100 comprises a mechanical system driven by five gears 110, 121, 122, 131, 132 arranged in line, a central gear is the main gear 110 and connects directly to the drive shaft 150, a first pair of secondary gears 121, 122 are arranged on the right side and guided by the central gear 110 in which one of the gears 121 is arranged adjacent to the main gear 110, and the other gear 122 is at the final end remote from the drive shaft 150; a second pair of secondary gears 131, 132 are disposed on the left side and guided by the central gear 110 in which one of the gears 131 is arranged adjacent to the main gear 110, and the other 132 is at the final end away from the axis of transmission 150; each of these adjacent gears 121, 131 transmit the movement to the gears that are at the end ends 122, 132 of the right and left side respectively, said gears 122, 132 being at opposite ends and far from the longitudinal axis 140 of said transmission axis 150, in said gears 122, 132 that are at the ends some bars 171, 172 are connected in which right 3 and left 4 crankshafts are coupled that directly connect to right 6 and left 21 connecting rods of the right 1 and left 2 pistons .
Puede verse además de la misma figura 1 que el motor 100 presenta un sistema de válvulas 8 colocadas de manera horizontal fuera del eje de movimiento de los pistones 1, 2 y fuera del cilindro en general, quedando dichas válvulas por encima y paratelo a los mismos cilindros; las válvulas se encuentran conectadas a un árbol de levas que es un mecanismo responsable de abrir y cerrar las válvulas con ayuda de unos resortes 9 y capuchas de válvula 10 colocados sobre un vástago de cada válvula 8, tres de dichas válvulas 8 se encuentran en contacto operativo con tres levas 22 de un árbol de levas 18 del lado derecho para cada pistón 1, mientras que otras dos de dichas válvulas 8 se encuentran en contacto operativo
con dos levas 23 de un árbol de levas 15 del lado izquierdo para cada pistón 2, puede verse que el conjunto de tres levas no se encuentra alineado con el corqunto de dos levas. It can be seen in addition to the same figure 1 that the motor 100 has a system of valves 8 placed horizontally outside the axis of movement of the pistons 1, 2 and outside the cylinder in general, said valves being above and parallel to them. cylinders; the valves are connected to a camshaft which is a mechanism responsible for opening and closing the valves with the help of springs 9 and valve caps 10 placed on a stem of each valve 8, three of said valves 8 are in contact operating with three cams 22 of a right side camshaft 18 for each piston 1, while two other of said valves 8 are in operational contact With two cams 23 from a left side camshaft 15 for each piston 2, it can be seen that the set of three cams is not aligned with the set of two cams.
Como se muestra en la figura 8, el motor 100 de la presente invención utiliza al menos un cilindro 180 dentro del cual se encuentran dos pistones 1 , 2 colocados opuestos entre sí, el primer pistón del lado derecho 1 y el segundo pistón colocado del lado izquierdo 2, puede verse que los pistones se encuentran en la posición de compresión, creando una cámara de combustión 160 al centro del cilindro, la cámara de combustión 160 está disertada para operar en condiciones donde no es necesario que la mezcla sea estequi ométrica, lo cual significa que las cantidades de combustible inyectado necesarias se reducen a más de la mitad obteniendo una cantidad de potencia mayor, con lo cual la eficiencia de combustible y aprovechamiento de energía es mayor que la de un motor convencional; generalmente las relaciones de combustible ideales con el aire dentro de una cámara de combustión son de 16 partes de aire por una de combustible, mientras que las necesarias en este motor son de al menos de 25 partes de aire por una de combustible para operar a las mismas temperaturas que un motor convencional. En caso de ser necesario se puede utilizar un sistema de refrigeración de mayor capacidad y eficiencia en el motor para poder utilizar una cantidad de combustible mayor y generar hasta el doble de la potencia por cilindro que presentarla con estas relaciones de combustible bajas. As shown in Figure 8, the motor 100 of the present invention uses at least one cylinder 180 inside which are located two pistons 1, 2 placed opposite each other, the first piston on the right side 1 and the second piston placed on the side Left 2, it can be seen that the pistons are in the compression position, creating a combustion chamber 160 at the center of the cylinder, the combustion chamber 160 is designed to operate in conditions where the mixture does not need to be stoichiometric, which which means that the quantities of fuel injected necessary are reduced by more than half obtaining a greater amount of power, with which the fuel efficiency and use of energy is greater than that of a conventional engine; Generally, the ideal fuel to air ratios within a combustion chamber are 16 parts of air to one of fuel, while those required in this engine are at least 25 parts of air to one part of fuel to operate at same temperatures as a conventional engine. If necessary, a higher capacity and more efficient cooling system can be used in the engine to be able to use a greater amount of fuel and generate up to twice the power per cylinder than it would have at these low fuel ratios.
En las figuras 2 y 8 se muestra un dispositivo para generar chispa 141 por debajo de los pistones 1, 2, generalmente el dispositivo es una bujía 7 capaz de encender la mezcla aire-combustible y queda dispuesta directamente al centro de la cámara de combustión 160; puede verse también que las válvulas 8 están por encima y alejados de los pistones 1, 2, esta disposición tiene la ventaja de que al ir aumentando las revoluciones del motor 100 no hay peligro que los pistones 1, 2 golpeen las válvulas 8 con su movimiento como si lo hacen los otros motores del estado de la técnica.
Las figuras 4, 5 y 7 muestran ei diserto completo del motor 100 de la presente invención, en las figuras se muestra a una máquina de dimensiones pequeñas, ligera y capaz de trabajar con un menor consumo de combustible; una carcasa 190 atoja el arreglo de cilindros 1, 2 y válvulas 8, puede verse también un corqunto de paquetes 191 en una sección central superior del motor para colocar los puertos de admisión para la entrada de la mezcla aire-gasolina, los puertos de escape para la salida de los gases quemados a causa de la combustión de la mezcla aire - combustible; así como los inyectores de combustible. Con la cámara de combustión y el arreglo de componentes propuestos se pretende un motor que tenga un volumen interno mayor al de un motor convencional. Pero utiliza menos de la mitad del combustible necesario, generando hasta 480 caballos de fuerza en un solo cilindro dependiendo de las condiciones de operación a las que se quiera someter el motor. Figures 2 and 8 show a device for generating spark 141 below the pistons 1, 2, generally the device is a spark plug 7 capable of igniting the air-fuel mixture and is arranged directly in the center of the combustion chamber 160 ; it can also be seen that the valves 8 are above and far from the pistons 1, 2, this arrangement has the advantage that as the revolutions of the engine 100 increase, there is no danger that the pistons 1, 2 hit the valves 8 with their movement as if the other engines of the state of the art do it. Figures 4, 5 and 7 show the complete design of the engine 100 of the present invention, in the figures a small dimensions machine is shown, light and capable of working with less fuel consumption; a housing 190 accommodates the arrangement of cylinders 1, 2 and valves 8, a set of packages 191 can also be seen in an upper central section of the engine to place the intake ports for the intake of the air-gasoline mixture, the exhaust ports for the exit of the burned gases due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture; as well as fuel injectors. With the combustion chamber and the arrangement of components proposed, an engine with an internal volume greater than that of a conventional engine is intended. But it uses less than half the necessary fuel, generating up to 480 horsepower in a single cylinder depending on the operating conditions to which the engine is to be subjected.
En uso, y con referencia a las figuras 6 y 8, puede verse el motor 100 con al menos dos cilindros, uno de los cuales representa la posición en la etapa de combustión, cuando los dos pistones 1, 2 se mueven al centro de la cámara de combustión 160; mientras que el segundo cilindro se encuentra en la posición de admisión de aire-combustible, en la que los pistones se alejan del dgüertal derecho 3 e izquierdo 4 y del centro de la cámara de combustión 160. In use, and with reference to Figures 6 and 8, the engine 100 can be seen with at least two cylinders, one of which represents the position in the combustion stage, when the two pistons 1, 2 move to the center of the combustion chamber 160; while the second cylinder is in the air-fuel intake position, where the pistons move away from the right 3 and left 4 tank and from the center of the combustion chamber 160.
El ciclo de funcionamiento del motor a cuatro tiempos de la presente invención puede explicarse de la siguiente manera: The four-stroke engine operating cycle of the present invention can be explained as follows:
1. En el tiempo de inducción los pistones 1, 2 se mueven horizontalmente alejándose del centro del cilindro 180 del motor 100, generando vado dentro, aspirando aire por medio de un tubo de admisión 17 cuando al menos una de las válvulas de admisión 191 se encuentra abierta. Mientras realiza la aspiración, el combustible se inyecta por medio de un inyector de combustible (no mostrado) que se encuentra en la parte inferior al lado de la bujía 7, para mezclarse con el aire.
2. En el tiempo de compresión los pistones 1, 2 se mueven hada el centro del cilindro 180 comprimiendo la mezcla de aire y combustible que entró en la etapa de admisión en un espacio confinado formando una cámara de combustión 160. 3. Una vez que los pistones regresan a la parte central del dlindro, una chispa1. At the induction time the pistons 1, 2 move horizontally away from the center of the cylinder 180 of the engine 100, generating a vacuum inside, sucking air through an intake tube 17 when at least one of the intake valves 191 is found open. While vacuuming, the fuel is injected through a fuel injector (not shown) located at the bottom next to the spark plug 7, to mix with the air. 2. At the compression time the pistons 1, 2 move to the center of the cylinder 180 compressing the mixture of air and fuel that entered the intake stage in a confined space forming a combustion chamber 160. 3. Once the pistons return to the central part of the cylinder, a spark
141 ocasionada por una bujía 7 enciende la mezda. 141 caused by a spark plug 7 ignites the mixture.
4. En el tiempo de fuerza o compresión, la expansión de la mezda encendida empuja a los pistones 1 , 2 debido a los gases en la cámara 160 y empuja los pistones 1 , 2 hada afuera, alejándose del centro del dlindro 180. 4. In the time of force or compression, the expansion of the burning mixture pushes pistons 1, 2 due to gases in chamber 160 and pushes pistons 1, 2 outward, away from the center of cylinder 180.
5. Al ser empujados los pistones 1, 2 hada afuera estos mueven a los cigüeñales 3, 4 haciéndolos girar y transmitir la energía mecánica a través de la flecha prindpal 150 comunicando el movimiento a la transmisión 200 y de la transmisión a las ruedas. 5. When the pistons 1, 2 are pushed outwards they move the crankshafts 3, 4 making them rotate and transmit the mechanical energy through the main shaft 150 communicating the movement to the transmission 200 and from the transmission to the wheels.
6. Posteriormente los pistones 1, 2 por inercia se moverán hada el centro de nuevo expulsando los gases previamente quemados por el tubo de escape (no mostrado), mientras la válvula de escape 192 está abierta.
6. Subsequently, the inertia pistons 1, 2 will move to the center again, expelling the gases previously burned by the exhaust pipe (not shown), while the exhaust valve 192 is open.
Claims
1. Un motor de combustión intema 100 de cuatro tiempos caracterizado porque esta configurado para aumentar el área superficial del motor teniendo un aprovechamiento mayor de la energía calorífica producida y reducir la temperatura de operación de motor, que además comprende: un sistema mecánico accionado por cinco engranes 110, 121, 122, 131, 132 dispuestos en línea, un engrane central 110 que es el engrane principal y conecta directamente con un eje de transmisión 150; un primer par de engranes secundarios 121, 122 dispuestos del lado derecho y guiados por el engrane central 110 en el que uno de los engranes 121 se dispone adyacente al engrane principal 110, y el otro engrane 122 queda en el extremo final alejado del eje de transmisión 150; un segundo par de engranes secundarios 131, 132 dispuestos del lado izquierdo y guiados por el engrane central 110 en el que uno de los engranes 131 se dispone adyacente al engrane principal 110 y el otro 132 queda en el extremo final alejado del eje de transmisión 150; cada uno de estos engranes adyacentes 121, 131 transmiten el movimiento a los engranes que están en los extremos finales 122, 132 del lado derecho e izquierdo respectivamente quedando dichos engranes 122, 132 en extremos opuestos y alejados de un eje longitudinal 140 de dicho eje de transmisión 150, en dichos engranes 122, 132 que están en los extremos se conectan unas barras 171, 172 en las cuales se acoplan cigüeñales derecho 3 e izquierdo 4; al menos un dlindro 180 dentro del cual se encuentran dos pistones 1, 2 colocados opuestos entre sí, el primer pistón 1 ubicado del lado derecho y el segundo pistón 2 ubicado del lado izquierdo, cada pistón estando conectado a los cigüeñales del lado derecho 3 e izquierdo 4 respectivamente por medio de unas bielas derecha 6 e izquierda 21 ; un arreglo de válvulas 8 colocadas de manera horizontal, por encima y paralelo a los cilindros 180; las válvulas se encuentran conectadas a unos árboles de levas del lado derecho 18 e izquierdo 15 los cuales, son capaces
de abrir y cerrar las válvulas para la entrada de la mezcla aire-combustible con ayuda de unos resortes 9 y capuchas de válvulas 10 colocados sobre un vástago de cada válvula 8; y un dispositivo para generar chispa 141 dispuesto por debajo de los tristones 1, 2 y ubicado en un punto intermedio entre dichos pistones, el dispositivo orientado directamente al centro de la cámara de combustión 160 para encender la mezcla aire-combustible contenida en la cámara de combustión. 1. A four-stroke internal 100 combustion engine characterized in that it is configured to increase the surface area of the engine taking greater advantage of the heat energy produced and to reduce the engine operating temperature, which also includes: a mechanical system operated by five gears 110, 121, 122, 131, 132 arranged in line, a central gear 110 which is the main gear and connects directly to a drive shaft 150; a first pair of secondary gears 121, 122 arranged on the right-hand side and guided by the central gear 110 in which one of the gears 121 is arranged adjacent to the main gear 110, and the other gear 122 remains at the final end away from the axis of transmission 150; a second pair of secondary gears 131, 132 arranged on the left side and guided by the central gear 110 in which one of the gears 131 is arranged adjacent to the main gear 110 and the other 132 is at the final end remote from the drive shaft 150 ; each of these adjacent gears 121, 131 transmits movement to the gears that are at the right and left side end ends 122, 132 respectively, said gears 122, 132 being at opposite ends and away from a longitudinal axis 140 of said axis of transmission 150, in said gears 122, 132 that are at the ends bars 171, 172 are connected in which right 3 and left 4 crankshafts are coupled; at least one cylinder 180 inside which are located two pistons 1, 2 placed opposite each other, the first piston 1 located on the right side and the second piston 2 located on the left side, each piston being connected to the crankshafts on the right side 3 and left 4 respectively by means of right 6 and left 21 connecting rods; an arrangement of valves 8 positioned horizontally, above and parallel to the cylinders 180; the valves are connected to some camshafts on the right side 18 and left side 15 which are capable opening and closing the valves for the entry of the air-fuel mixture with the help of springs 9 and valve caps 10 placed on a stem of each valve 8; and a spark generating device 141 arranged below the saddles 1, 2 and located at an intermediate point between said pistons, the device oriented directly to the center of the combustion chamber 160 to ignite the air-fuel mixture contained in the fuel chamber. combustion.
2. El motor de combustión intema 100 de cuatro tiempos de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque dicho motor es compacto. 2. The four-stroke internal combustion engine 100 according to claim 1 characterized in that said engine is compact.
3. El motor de combustión interna 100 de cuatro tiempos de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque comprende un dispositivo que genera chispa, preferentemente una bujía 7. 3. The four-stroke internal combustion engine 100 according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a spark generating device, preferably a spark plug 7.
4. El motor de combustión intema 100 de cuatro tiempos de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque tres válvulas 8 de dicho arreglo de válvulas del lado derecho, se encuentran en contacto operativo con tres levas 22 de un árbol de levas 18 del lado derecho, mientras que otras dos válvulas 8 de dicho arreglo de válvulas, se encuentran en contacto operativo con dos levas 23 de un árbol de levas 15 del lado izquierdo. 4. The four-stroke internal combustion engine 100 according to claim 1, characterized in that three valves 8 of said right-side valve arrangement are in operational contact with three cams 22 of a right-side camshaft 18, while two other valves 8 of said valve arrangement are in operational contact with two cams 23 of a camshaft 15 on the left side.
5. El motor de combustión interna 100 de cuatro tiempos de conformidad con la reivindicación 4 caracterizado porque el conjunto de tres levas no se encuentra alineado con el conjunto de dos levas. 5. The four-stroke internal combustion engine 100 according to claim 4 characterized in that the set of three cams is not aligned with the set of two cams.
6. El motor de combustión intema 100 de cuatro tiempos de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque las relaciones de combustible ideales en este motor son de 25-30 partes de aire por una de combustible. 6. The four-stroke internal combustion engine 100 according to claim 1 characterized in that the ideal fuel ratios in this engine are 25-30 parts of air to one of fuel.
7. El motor de combustión interna 100 de cuatro tiempos de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque con dicho arreglo de motor se
puede generar al menos 312 caballos de fuerza, sin turbo, en un solo cilindro dependiendo de las condiciones de operación a las que se quiera someter el motor. 7. The four-stroke internal combustion engine 100 according to claim 1 characterized in that with said engine arrangement It can generate at least 312 horsepower, without turbo, in a single cylinder depending on the operating conditions to which you want to subject the engine.
8. Un método de funcionamiento de un motor de combustión interna a cuatro tiempos del tipo como el redamado según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el dclo de fundonamiento de dicho motor induye las etapas de: a) tiempo de inducdón, en el que los pistones 1 , 2 se mueven horizontalmente alejándose del centro del dlindro 180 del motor 100, generando vacío dentro, aspirando aire por medio de un tubo de admisión 17 cuando al menos una de las válvulas de admisión 191 se encuentra abierta; mientras realiza la aspiradón, el combustible se inyecta por medio de un inyector de combustible (no mostrado) que se encuentra en la parte inferior al lado del dispositivo que genera chispa, preferentemente una bujía 7, para mezdarse con el aire. b) tiempo de compresión, en el que los pistones 1, 2 se mueven hada el centro del dlindro 180 comprimiendo la mezcla de aire y combustible que entró en la etapa de admisión en un espado confinado formando una cámara de combustión 160. c) tiempo de ignición, en el que una vez que los pistones regresan a la parte central del dlindro, una chispa 141 ocasionada por un dispositivo que genera chispa, preferentemente una bujía 7 enciende la mezda; d) tiempo de fuerza o compresión, en el que la expansión de la mezda encendida empuja a los pistones 1 , 2 debido a los gases en la cámara 160 y empuja los pistones 1 , 2 hada afuera, alejándose del centro del dlindro 180; al ser empujados los pistones 1, 2 hada afuera estos mueven a los cigüeñales 3, 4 haciéndolos girar y transmitir la energía mecánica a través
de la flecha principal 150 comunicando el movimiento a la transmisión 200 y de la transmisión a las ruedas de un vehículo; e) posteriormente los pistones 1, 2 por inercia se mueven de nuevo hacia el centro del cilindro, expulsando los gases previamente quemados por el tubo de escape (no mostrado), mientras la válvula de escape 192 está abierta.
8. A method of operating a four-stroke internal combustion engine of the type described in claim 1, characterized in that the melting cycle of said engine induces the steps of: a) induction time, in which the pistons 1, 2 move horizontally away from the center of the cylinder 180 of the motor 100, generating a vacuum inside, sucking air through an intake tube 17 when at least one of the intake valves 191 is open; While vacuuming, the fuel is injected by means of a fuel injector (not shown) which is located at the bottom next to the spark generating device, preferably a spark plug 7, to mix with the air. b) compression time, in which the pistons 1, 2 move to the center of cylinder 180 compressing the mixture of air and fuel that entered the intake stage in a confined space forming a combustion chamber 160. c) time ignition, in which once the pistons return to the central part of the cylinder, a spark 141 caused by a spark generating device, preferably a spark plug 7 ignites the mixture; d) time of force or compression, in which the expansion of the ignited mixture pushes the pistons 1, 2 due to gases in chamber 160 and pushes the pistons 1, 2 outward, away from the center of cylinder 180; when the pistons 1, 2 are pushed outwards they move the crankshafts 3, 4 making them rotate and transmit the mechanical energy through of the main arrow 150 communicating the movement to the transmission 200 and of the transmission to the wheels of a vehicle; e) Subsequently, the inertia pistons 1, 2 move again towards the center of the cylinder, expelling the gases previously burned by the exhaust pipe (not shown), while the exhaust valve 192 is open.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX2018016365 | 2018-12-19 | ||
| MXMX/A/2018/016365 | 2018-12-19 |
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|---|---|
| WO2020130777A1 true WO2020130777A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/MX2019/000133 WO2020130777A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2019-11-26 | Four-stroke internal combustion engine |
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| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2020130777A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112112730A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-22 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Movement structure of opposed fuel oil generator and fuel oil engine |
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| US6039011A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 2000-03-21 | The American University Of Baku | Internal combustion engine with opposed pistons |
| JP2016217202A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-12-22 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine |
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| US1091427A (en) * | 1911-12-13 | 1914-03-24 | George W Morgan | Internal-combustion engine. |
| US1837870A (en) * | 1928-12-03 | 1931-12-22 | Johnston Tractors Company Ltd | Double piston single cylinder internal combustion engine |
| GB420924A (en) * | 1933-07-07 | 1934-12-11 | Richard John Mccormack | Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engines the cylinders of which have opposed pistons |
| US6039011A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 2000-03-21 | The American University Of Baku | Internal combustion engine with opposed pistons |
| JP2016217202A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-12-22 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Internal combustion engine |
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