WO2020125837A1 - Système de construction par couches pour la fabrication additive d'au moins une partie d'une pièce, dispositif de guidage d'écoulement pour un système de construction par couches et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de construction par couches - Google Patents

Système de construction par couches pour la fabrication additive d'au moins une partie d'une pièce, dispositif de guidage d'écoulement pour un système de construction par couches et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de construction par couches Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020125837A1
WO2020125837A1 PCT/DE2019/000329 DE2019000329W WO2020125837A1 WO 2020125837 A1 WO2020125837 A1 WO 2020125837A1 DE 2019000329 W DE2019000329 W DE 2019000329W WO 2020125837 A1 WO2020125837 A1 WO 2020125837A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
layer
fluid flow
layer construction
guide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2019/000329
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian Rott
Alexander Ladewig
Andreas Jakimov
Johannes Casper
Christian Liebl
Steffen Schlothauer
Christoph Rau
Original Assignee
MTU Aero Engines AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Aero Engines AG filed Critical MTU Aero Engines AG
Publication of WO2020125837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125837A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
    • B29C64/371—Conditioning of environment using an environment other than air, e.g. inert gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • Layer construction device for additive manufacturing of at least one component area of a component
  • flow control device for a layer construction device and method for operating a
  • the invention relates to a layer construction device for additive manufacturing of at least one component area of a component, an inlet flow guide for such a layer construction device and a method for operating such a layer construction device.
  • a component area or a complete component which can be, for example, a component of a turbomachine or an aircraft engine, is built up in layers.
  • Mainly metallic components are usually manufactured by laser or electron beam melting or sintering processes.
  • At least one powdery material is first applied in layers in the area of a build-up and joining zone by means of a coater in order to form a powder layer.
  • the component material is then locally strengthened by supplying energy to the material in the area of the assembly and joining zone by means of at least one energy beam, as a result of which the material melts or sinters and forms a component layer.
  • the energy beam is controlled as a function of layer information of the component layer to be produced in each case.
  • the layer information is usually generated from a 3D CAD body of the component and divided into individual component layers. After the molten or sintered material has solidified, the building platform is lowered in layers by a predefined layer thickness. The steps mentioned are then repeated until the desired component area or the entire component is finally completed.
  • the component area or the component can be produced, for example, on a lowerable construction platform and / or on an already generated part of the component or component area or on a support structure.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY The fact that zones with swirling of the powder layer or dust as well as other contaminants such as condensate, smoke or spatter, which are deposited in an uncontrolled manner on the construction site, on melted powder or on already solidified areas of the component layer, is problematic with these layer construction methods . This leads to corresponding impurities, inclusions and process disturbances and ultimately to a reduction in component quality.
  • a disadvantage of the known inlet flow guides is the fact that the fluid flow represents a free jet which flows uncontrolled after exiting an outlet opening of the inlet flow guide.
  • the flow velocities at the outlet of the known inlet flow guides vary and a disadvantageous, inhomogeneous flow pattern arises in this area. This can whirl up the powdery material and lead to the uncontrolled distribution of dust, condensate, smoke, sprinkles and the like, which can lead to poorer component quality.
  • the object of the present invention is to enable a process-reliable additive production of component layers of a component with a higher quality.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a layer construction device for the additive production of at least one component region of a component by an additive layer construction method.
  • the layer construction device comprises at least one coater for applying at least one Powder layer of a material on a build-up and joining zone, at least one radiation source for generating at least one energy beam for layer-by-layer and local melting and / or sintering of the material to form a component layer by selectively irradiating the material with the at least one energy beam in accordance with a predetermined exposure strategy; and at least one inlet flow guide for guiding a fluid flow in the direction of the build-up and joining zone for generating a fluid flow above the powder layer, the inlet flow guide comprising at least two channels for receiving and guiding the fluid flow and an upper flow guide area and a lower current flow area adjoining this downstream.
  • the layer construction device has at least one flow guide device which comprises at least one guide element for guiding the fluid flow over at least a partial region of the powder layer, the flow guide device being arranged at least during operation of the layer construction device in the region of an end region of the inlet flow guide comprising channel outlet openings.
  • the terms “same” and “even” include not only identical values or ranges of values, but also values and ranges of values that deviate by approximately 15% from the identical values or ranges of values.
  • the terms “arranged” or “arrangement” mean a direct or indirect connection of the corresponding individual elements.
  • the guide element can be wall-like, that is to say flat, rectangular and flat.
  • the geometry of the guide element is not restricted to a specific geometry, so that deviating, in particular uneven, for example convexly and / or concavely curved geometries as well as non-rectangular geometries can also be provided.
  • a desired fluid for example a protective and / or cooling gas
  • the protective gas can comprise or be argon and / or another noble gas or noble gas mixture (He, Ne, Kr, Xe).
  • the protective gas preferably has minimal impurities in oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and water (steam).
  • the lowest possible contamination means contents of at most 20 ppm, in particular of at most 10 ppm or less.
  • the layer construction device can in principle be designed as a selective laser sintering and / or laser melting device and have one or more lasers as the radiation source (s).
  • a CO2 laser, Nd: YAG laser, Yb fiber laser, diode laser or the like can be provided to generate a laser beam.
  • the layer construction device is designed as an electron beam sintering and / or melting device, that is to say has one or more electron sources as the radiation source (s). Any combinations are also conceivable.
  • melting and / or sintering of the material powder can occur during exposure or irradiation, so that in the context of the present invention the term “welding” can also be understood to mean “sintered” and vice versa .
  • a cross section of the respective channel of the inlet flow guide is designed over a run length of the corresponding channel in such a way that equal pressure losses of the fluid flow over the run length of the channel occur in each channel.
  • This ensures a homogeneous flow pattern or a homogeneous flow distribution at the outlet of the inlet flow guide or in the area of the channel outlet openings, regardless of the different channel lengths of the individual channels.
  • the respective channels in the lower flow guide area are designed such that they are perpendicular to the outlet or the outlet direction of the fluid flow which run according to the channel outlet opening.
  • the channels have different exit angles in the area mentioned.
  • the inlet flow guide has at least one centering device in the region of the channel outlet openings.
  • the centering device serves for the defined connection of the inlet flow guide to the layer building device or a nozzle of the layer building device. This centering device is absent in known inlet flow guides. This can lead to misalignment to further channels or nozzles. If the inlet flow guide is attached too high, a separation area is created on the lower edge after the transition.
  • the fluid flow hits a rigid wall of the layer building device and is deflected. Both variants cause a narrowing of the cross-section at the transition or the connection point and cause both pressure and energy losses. This is reliably prevented by the design of a centering device according to the invention. A steady flow transition is advantageously ensured. In addition, a transferability of the flow conditions under different layer construction devices is guaranteed.
  • a particularly flexible and homogeneous process flow control is made possible in an advantageous embodiment of the invention in that the guide element is movable relative to the powder layer.
  • the movement of the guide element can basically take place before, during and / or after the solidification of a component layer.
  • the guide element can be moved when it is not currently needed, when it is in the process of placing a new one
  • the at least one guide element can be easily moved in that the flow guide device comprises a control and / or regulable drive device, by means of which the at least one guide element can be moved relative to the powder layer.
  • the guide element or the guide elements can be moved with the aid of a drive device or are, wherein the drive device is designed to be controllable and / or regulatable. This enables an automatable and process-dependent mobility of the guide element or elements.
  • the drive device can be actuated electrically, pneumatically, mechanically, magnetically and / or hydraulically.
  • the mobility of the at least one guide element O can be implemented in a particularly flexible manner.
  • the movement of the guide element or the guide elements can be electrical, that is to say with the aid of one or more electric motors, pneumatically, that is to say by the use of gas under pressure, mechanically, for example by means of a gravity drive, by the weight of the at least one guide element a cable winch, by one or more springs and the like, magnetically, that is, by magnetic attraction and / or repulsion forces, or hydraulically, that is, by a power transmission via a hydraulic fluid. Any combinations thereof can also be provided, for example a magnetohydrodynamic drive or the like.
  • the flow guide device is designed to move the at least one guide element as a function of at least one process parameter from the group of fluid flow rate, fluid flow rate, temperature, component geometry, relative position of the coater to the powder layer and process state of additive manufacturing .
  • This makes it possible to implement process flow control adapted to the situation.
  • the flow guide device comprises a guide device, by means of which the at least one guide element can be moved along a predeterminable movement path. This ensures, in a structurally simple manner, that the at least one guide element is positively guided, as a result of which the movement of the guide element or the guide elements is restricted to a predeterminable or predetermined movement path.
  • the guide device is designed to move the guide element rotationally and / or translationally with respect to the powder layer.
  • the guide element is forcibly guided by the guide device in a translatory and / or rotary manner.
  • the guide device can be designed to pivot the guide element about an axis and / or to move it along a guide rail which is, for example, positively coupled to the guide element.
  • the layer construction device has a process chamber within which the additive manufacturing method is carried out and that the entire flow guide device or at least the at least one guide element of the flow guide device is arranged within the process chamber.
  • the at least one guide element is arranged on at least one element from the group floor, ceiling, coater, wall and door of the layer construction device. Combinations of these are also conceivable.
  • the guide element can be arranged or fastened or stored in a particularly flexible manner at different points, as a result of which the respective structural conditions of the layer construction device can be optimally taken into account.
  • the flow control device can be controlled and / or regulated independently of a control and / or regulating device for controlling and / or regulating the additive manufacture of the at least one component area of the component by means of the additive layer construction method.
  • the flow guiding device can be operated as far as possible without intervention in the hardware and / or software control and / or regulation of the layer construction device.
  • the flow control device can be integrated particularly easily and as required and is also suitable as a retrofit solution for existing layer construction devices.
  • the layer construction device has at least one suction device for suction and removal of by-products and excess powder formed during layer-by-layer and local melting and / or sintering of the material.
  • a suction device for suction and removal of by-products and excess powder formed during layer-by-layer and local melting and / or sintering of the material.
  • fluid can be sucked off or removed again via the channel outlet openings after the outlet, as a result of which an additional flow guidance is achieved and impurities such as swirled material powder, dust, condensate, smoke, spatter and the like are removed and the occurrence of excess pressure in a process chamber is reliably prevented.
  • the layer construction device comprises at least one vibration device with which the at least one, partially or already completely manufactured component area of the component and / or a construction platform of the layer construction device can be set in vibration. This makes it possible, for example, to clean the last deposited solid layer of the component to be manufactured from the powder material by vibration. This ensures that no loose powder particles are built into the next layer to be applied.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to an inlet flow guide for directing a fluid flow in the direction of a build-up and joining zone of a layer construction device and for generating a fluid flow over the build-up and joining zone, the inlet flow guide having at least two channels for receiving and directing the fluid flow and an upper flow guide area and comprises a lower current guiding region connected downstream thereof.
  • the individual channels are designed in the lower flow guide area of the inlet flow guide in such a way that they receive and conduct the same volume of the fluid flow.
  • a cross section of the respective channel is designed over a run length of the corresponding channel in such a way that the same pressure losses of the fluid flow over the run length of the channel occur in each channel.
  • the respective channels in the lower flow guide area are designed such that they run perpendicular to the outlet of the fluid flow via the corresponding channel outlet opening.
  • the inlet flow guide can have at least one centering device in the region of the channel outlet openings.
  • the inlet flow guide according to the invention ensures that a uniform velocity and volume flow distribution is achieved within and in particular at the outlet of the inlet flow guide or in the region of the channel outlet openings. This creates a homogeneous flow pattern in this area, so that the formation of, for example, lateral flow components in the installation space of the layer construction device, at which turbulence and / or dead water areas can arise, is effectively prevented.
  • a homogeneous flow field can be generated across the entire assembly and joining zone.
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating a layer construction device according to the first aspect of the invention, in which, before, during and / or after an additive production of at least one component region of a component by means of an additive layer construction method by means of an inlet flow guide according to the second aspect of the invention, a fluid flow over the powder layer generated and is guided by means of at least one guide element of a flow guide device at least over a region of the powder layer.
  • a uniform velocity and volume flow distribution is achieved within and in particular at the outlet of the inlet flow guide or in the area of the channel outlet openings.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a layer construction device according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a layer construction device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of an inlet flow guide of the layer construction device according to the invention.
  • the known layer construction device 1 which is designed, for example, as a selective laser sintering and / or laser melting device, has a housing 2 which delimits a process chamber 4.
  • a coater 4a for applying at least one powder layer of a material to a build-up and joining zone 6 is arranged within the process chamber 4.
  • the build-up and joining zone 6 is located on a construction platform 8.
  • the known layer-building device 1 also has an inlet flow guide 3 for guiding a fluid flow in the direction of the build-up and joining zone 6 and for generating a fluid flow over the powder layer, the inlet flow guide 3 having a plurality of channels 5 for receiving and directing the fluid flow with corresponding channel outlet openings 5a formed towards the assembly and joining zone 6.
  • the direction of flow of the fluid flow in the channels 5 is shown by means of the arrows 7, the direction of flow of the fluid flow above the powder layer is shown by the arrows 9 shown schematically.
  • the length of the arrows 7 is also intended to illustrate different velocity and volume flow distributions of the fluid flow within the channels 5 of the known inlet flow guide 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a layer construction device 10 according to the invention.
  • the layer construction device 10 which in the present case is designed as a selective laser sintering and / or laser melting device, has a housing 12 which delimits a process chamber 14.
  • a coater 58 for applying at least one powder layer of a material to a build-up and joining zone 16 is arranged within the process chamber 14.
  • the build-up and joining zone 18 is located on a lowerable construction platform 18.
  • the coater 58 is used to apply a new powder layer in a manner known per se between a metering platform (not shown) which provides new material powder and an overflow platform (not shown), in which excess material powder is applied, moved.
  • the layer construction device 10 comprises a laser (not shown) as a radiation source for generating at least one energy beam for layer-by-layer and local melting and / or sintering of the material for forming component layers by selectively irradiating the material in accordance with a predetermined one Exposure strategy.
  • the layer construction device 10 further comprises an inlet flow guide 20 for directing a fluid flow in the direction of the build-up and joining zone 16 and for generating a fluid flow over the build-up and joining zone 16.
  • the inlet flow guide 20 has a plurality of channels 22 for receiving and directing the fluid flow .
  • the direction of flow of the fluid flow within the channels 22 is shown with directional arrows 40.
  • the inlet flow guide 20 comprises an upper current guide area 26 and a lower current guide area 28 connected downstream thereof.
  • the individual channels 22 in the lower flow guide area 26 are designed in such a way that they take up and conduct equal volumes of the fluid flow.
  • the same volume distribution within the respective channel 22 results in a homogeneous flow pattern of the fluid flow.
  • the speeds of the individual fluid flows within the channels 22 are also approximately the same. This ensures a homogeneous flow exit of the fluid flow from the inlet flow guide 20 through the corresponding channel outlet openings 24.
  • the respective cross sections of the respective channels 22 over their corresponding run lengths are designed in such a way that in each channel 22 there are equal pressure losses of the fluid flow over the individual run length of the channel 22 (cf. also FIG. 3).
  • the respective channels 22 in the lower current-carrying region 26 are designed such that they run perpendicular to the outlet of the fluid flow via the corresponding channel outlet opening 24. This creates an overall homogeneous flow.
  • the layer construction device 10 also includes a flow guide device 32, which in the present case comprises two guide elements 34, 36.
  • These guide elements 34, 36 serve to homogenize and direct the fluid flow within the process chamber 14 and to guide the fluid flow with as little swirl as possible over at least one area of the powder layer in the area of the build-up and joining zone 16.
  • the guide elements 34, 36 in the present case are wall or plate-like. In the exemplary embodiment shown, however, they are in the direct travel path of the coater 58 and are therefore guided by a guide. tion device (not shown) pivoted to clear the way for the coater 58 while applying a new layer of powder.
  • the guide elements 34, 36 are pivoted back into the position shown in order to ensure the desired process flow guidance during the solidification of the powder layer.
  • the movement of the guide elements 34, 36 is accomplished via a control and / or regulatable drive device (not shown).
  • the flow guiding device 32 can preferably be operated autonomously or partially autonomously, as a result of which no intervention in the software of the layer construction device 10 is required.
  • the flow guide device 32 can thus also be used as a retrofit solution for existing layer construction devices.
  • the layer construction device 10 has a suction device 46 for suction and removal of by-products and excess powder that arise during layer-by-layer and local melting and / or sintering of the material.
  • the suction device 46 is arranged opposite the inlet flow guide 20, the fluid flow over the build-up and joining zone 16 with the corresponding by-products and excess powder being suctioned off via the flow outlets 38.
  • the suction device 46 it is also possible for the suction device 46 to be arranged fixedly on the coater 58 for applying the powder material or to be movable on the latter (not shown).
  • the inlet flow guide 20 comprises a housing 52 and is divided overall into the upper flow guide area 26 and the lower flow guide area 28 downstream of it.
  • a deflection area 44 is formed between the upper and lower current guiding areas 26, 28.
  • the fluid in particular an inert gas, is introduced into the channels 22 via a fluid inlet 50.
  • the channels 22 are separated from each other via individual channel walls 56. 3 shows the different lengths of the individual channels 22.
  • the cross sections of the respective channels 22 over their run length are designed in such a way that in each channel 22 there are equal pressure losses of the fluid flow over the run length of the channel.
  • the individual channels 22 in the lower flow guide area 26 are designed such that they have the same volume of the fluid flow Record and direct the formation of a uniform volume flow.
  • the respective channels 22 in the lower current-carrying region 26 are designed such that they run perpendicular to the outlet of the fluid flow via the corresponding channel outlet opening 24.
  • the inlet flow guide 20 has centering devices 30 in the region of the channel outlet openings 24. This additional centering, which is implemented in the present exemplary embodiment by a plug-in system, enables the channels 22 to be connected to a nozzle 48 located in front of them. The centering also ensures a constant flow transition, so that pressure losses and turbulence are reduced.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de construction (10) par couches pour la fabrication additive d'au moins une partie d'une pièce par un procédé de construction additive par couches, le système comprenant au moins un dispositif de dépôt (58) servant à l'application d'au moins une couche d'un matériau en poudre sur une zone de construction et de jonction (16), au moins une source de rayonnement produisant au moins un faisceau d'énergie servant à fondre et/ou fritter le matériau localement et par couches afin de produire une couche de la pièce par irradiation sélective du matériau par le ou les faisceaux d'énergie selon une stratégie d'exposition prédéfinie, et au moins un dispositif de guidage (20) d'écoulement d'entrée servant à diriger un écoulement de fluide en direction de la zone de construction et de jonction (16) et à produire un écoulement de fluide au-dessus de la couche de poudre, le dispositif de guidage (20) d'écoulement d'entrée comprenant au moins deux canaux (22) recevant et dirigeant l'écoulement de fluide ainsi qu'une zone supérieure (26) de guidage de l'écoulement et une zone inférieure (28) de guidage de l'écoulement placée en aval. Les canaux individuels (22) sont configurés dans la zone inférieure (28) de guidage de l'écoulement du dispositif de guidage (20) d'écoulement d'entrée de telle manière qu'ils reçoivent et dirigent le même volume d'écoulement de fluide, et une section transversale de chaque canal (22) est configurée sur une longueur de parcours du canal (22) correspondant de telle manière que les mêmes pertes de pression de l'écoulement de fluide sur la longueur de parcours du canal (22) se produisent dans chaque canal (22). Le système de construction (10) de couches présente un dispositif de guidage (32) de l'écoulement qui comprend au moins un élément de guidage (34, 36) dirigeant l'écoulement du fluide au-dessus d'au moins une partie de la couche de poudre, le dispositif de guidage (32) de l'écoulement étant agencé, au moins pendant le fonctionnement du système de construction (10) par couches, dans la zone d'une partie d'extrémité du dispositif de guidage (20) d'écoulement d'entrée présentant des ouvertures de sortie (24) de canal. L'invention concerne par ailleurs un dispositif de guidage (20) d'écoulement d'entrée destiné audit système de construction (10) par couches, ainsi qu'un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner ledit système de construction (10) par couches.
PCT/DE2019/000329 2018-12-20 2019-12-17 Système de construction par couches pour la fabrication additive d'au moins une partie d'une pièce, dispositif de guidage d'écoulement pour un système de construction par couches et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un dispositif de construction par couches WO2020125837A1 (fr)

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