WO2020118598A1 - Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés de surveillance d'un utilisateur à l'aide d'une peau électronique - Google Patents

Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés de surveillance d'un utilisateur à l'aide d'une peau électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020118598A1
WO2020118598A1 PCT/CN2018/120822 CN2018120822W WO2020118598A1 WO 2020118598 A1 WO2020118598 A1 WO 2020118598A1 CN 2018120822 W CN2018120822 W CN 2018120822W WO 2020118598 A1 WO2020118598 A1 WO 2020118598A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
skin
flexible substrate
circuit
sensors
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/120822
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zhuobiao He
Dun Alex Li
Yao XING
Mingjun YUAN
Yifeng Chen
Zhaohui Deng
Jinjin YOU
Original Assignee
Wuhan United Imaging Healthcare Surgical Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wuhan United Imaging Healthcare Surgical Technology Co., Ltd. filed Critical Wuhan United Imaging Healthcare Surgical Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN201880100656.7A priority Critical patent/CN113543698A/zh
Priority to EP18942892.3A priority patent/EP3893738A4/fr
Priority to PCT/CN2018/120822 priority patent/WO2020118598A1/fr
Publication of WO2020118598A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020118598A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/0022—Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
    • A61B5/02055—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6832—Means for maintaining contact with the body using adhesives
    • A61B5/6833—Adhesive patches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7228—Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; demodulation to recover the physiological signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02—Operational features
    • A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
    • A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
    • A61B2560/0406—Constructional details of apparatus specially shaped apparatus housings
    • A61B2560/0412—Low-profile patch shaped housings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/16—Details of sensor housings or probes; Details of structural supports for sensors
    • A61B2562/164—Details of sensor housings or probes; Details of structural supports for sensors the sensor is mounted in or on a conformable substrate or carrier
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/22—Arrangements of medical sensors with cables or leads; Connectors or couplings specifically adapted for medical sensors
    • A61B2562/225—Connectors or couplings
    • A61B2562/227—Sensors with electrical connectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7225—Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to user monitoring, and more particularly, relates to devices, systems, and methods for monitoring a user via an electronic skin (e-skin) .
  • e-skin electronic skin
  • e-skin for user monitoring, which may be attached to the skin of the user to collect health information of the user.
  • the e-skin may be assembled with a plurality of components, such as a sensor, a flexible substrate, a battery, and a circuit.
  • the characteristic and the performance of the e-skin e.g., the flexibility and precision of the e-skin
  • an e-skin may include a flexible substrate, one or more sensors, and a circuit.
  • the flexible substrate may have an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a channel extending between the upper surface and the lower surface.
  • the lower surface of the flexible substrate may be attachable to the skin of a subject.
  • Each of the one or more sensors may be configured to acquire an electrical signal representing a biological parameter of the subject.
  • the one or more sensors may include at least one first sensor assembled on the lower surface of the flexible substrate.
  • the circuit may be assembled on the upper surface of the flexible substrate and operably coupled to the one or more sensors.
  • the circuit may be configured to receive the one or more electrical signals from the one or more sensors via a transmission medium passing through the channel of the flexible substrate.
  • the e-skin may include a battery configured to supply power to the circuit.
  • the battery may be a button cell including a foldable mechanism.
  • the foldable mechanism may be configured to cause the button cell to exhibit a folded configuration or an un-folded configuration. Under the folded configuration the button cell may be powered on. Under the un-folded configuration the button cell may be powered off.
  • the one or more sensors may include at least one of a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a chemical sensor, an electrical sensor, an optical sensor, a motion sensor, or a thermal sensor.
  • the one or more sensors may include at least one second sensor assembled on the upper surface of the flexible substrate.
  • the one or more sensors may include at least one electrode.
  • the electrode may have a plurality of periodical units electrically connected to each other.
  • the transmission medium may include a plurality of periodical units connected to each other.
  • the circuit may include a carrier wave generator, a modulator, and a combiner.
  • the carrier wave generator may be configured to generate a plurality of carrier waves. Each of the plurality of carrier waves may have a frequency.
  • the modulator may be configured to generate one or more modulated signals corresponding to the one or more electrical signals by modulating each of the one or more electrical signals on one of the plurality of carrier waves.
  • the combiner may be configured to combine the one or more modulated signals.
  • the carrier wave generator may include an oscillator and a plurality of frequency multipliers.
  • the oscillator may be configured to generate a reference carrier wave with a reference frequency.
  • the plurality of frequency multipliers may be configured to generate the carrier waves based on the reference carrier wave.
  • the carrier wave generator may include the oscillator and a plurality of frequency dividers.
  • the plurality of frequency dividers may be configured to generate the carrier waves based on the reference carrier wave.
  • the frequency of each of the carrier waves may be a fraction of the reference frequency.
  • the circuit may further be configured to generate a processing result by processing the received one or more electrical signals.
  • the e-skin may further include a communication port operably coupled to the circuit.
  • the communication port may be configured to transmit at least part of the one or more electrical signals or the processing result to a medical system.
  • the flexible substrate may have a thickness of less than 30 micrometers.
  • the flexible substrate may be made of at least one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) , polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) , polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , polyethylene (PE) , polypropylene (PP) , polystyrene (PS) , polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) , nylon (Nylon) , polycarbonate (PC) , polyurethane (PU) , polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , polyimide (PI) , polyacrylate (PA) , or biopolymer.
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PVF polyvinyl fluoride
  • PVVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PS polystyrene
  • PMMA poly
  • the e-skin may further include a separation layer between the circuit and the upper surface of the flexible substrate.
  • the separation layer may be made of a thermostable material.
  • a medical system may include at least one storage device including a set of instructions for monitoring a user, at least one processor configured to communicate with the at least one storage device.
  • the at least one processor may be configured to direct the system to receive, via a network from an e-skin attached to the skin of the subject, a first electrical signal related to one or more biological parameters of the subject acquired by the e-skin.
  • the at least one processor may also be configured to direct the system to determine, based on the first electrical signal, information related to the subject.
  • the e-skin may include a flexible substrate, one or more sensors, and a circuit.
  • the flexible substrate may have an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a channel extending between the upper surface and the lower surface.
  • the lower surface of the flexible substrate may be attachable to the skin of the subject.
  • Each of the one or more sensors may be configured to acquire a second electrical signal representing one of the one or more biological parameters of the subject.
  • the circuit may be assembled on the upper surface of the flexible substrate and operably coupled to the one or more sensors.
  • the circuit may be configured to receive and process the one or more second electrical signals to generate the first electrical signal related to the one or more biological parameters of the subject.
  • the one or more sensors may include at least one first sensor assembled on the lower surface of the flexible substrate and connected to the circuit via a transmission medium. The transmission medium may pass through the channel of the flexible substrate.
  • the circuit of the e-skin may include a carrier wave generator, a modulator, and a combiner.
  • the carrier wave generator may be configured to generate a plurality of carrier waves.
  • the modulator may be configured to generate one or more modulated signals corresponding to the one or more second electrical signals acquired by the one or more sensors by modulating each of the one or more second electrical signals on one of the plurality of carrier waves.
  • the combiner may be configured to generate electrical signals corresponding to the first electrical signals by combining the one or more modulated signals.
  • the e-skin may further include a button cell.
  • the button cell may include a foldable mechanism.
  • the foldable mechanism may be configured to cause the button cell to exhibit a folded configuration or an un-folded configuration. Under the folded configuration, the button cell may be powered on. Under the un-folded configuration, the button cell may be powered off.
  • the e-skin may include a communication port operably coupled to the circuit.
  • the communication port may be configured to transmit the first electrical signal to the medical system.
  • a method for determining information related to at least one subject implemented on a first computing device having one or more processors and one or more storage devices.
  • the method may include for each of the at least one subject, receiving, via a first network from at least one e-skin attached to the skin of the subject, a first electrical signal related to one or more biological parameters of the subject acquired by the corresponding at least one e-skin.
  • the method may also include determining, based on the corresponding first electrical signal, information related to the subject.
  • the method may further include transmitting the information related to the subject to a terminal for display.
  • the at least one e-skin may include a flexible substrate, one or more sensors, and a circuit.
  • the flexible substrate may have an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and a channel extending between the upper surface and the lower surface.
  • the lower surface of the flexible substrate may be attachable to the skin of the subject.
  • Each of the one or more sensors may be configured to acquire a second electrical signal representing one of the one or more biological parameters of the subject.
  • the circuit may be assembled on the upper surface of the flexible substrate and operably coupled to the one or more sensors.
  • the circuit may be configured to receive and process the one or more second electrical signals to generate the first electrical signal related to the one or more biological parameters of the subject.
  • the one or more sensors may include at least one first sensor assembled on the lower surface of the flexible substrate and coupled to the circuit via a transmission medium. The transmission medium may pass through the channel of the flexible substrate.
  • the method may also include transmitting an instruction to measure the one or more biological parameters of the subject to the circuit of the corresponding at least one the e-skin via the terminal.
  • the first network may be a wireless network.
  • the at least one subject may include a plurality of subjects.
  • the circuit of the e-skin may further be configured to transmit, via a second network, the one or more second electrical signals to a second computing device for processing.
  • the circuit of the e-skin may further be configured to receive, from the second computing device via the second network, a processing result of the one or more second electrical signals.
  • the circuit of the e-skin may further be configured to transmit, to the first computing device via the first network, the first electrical signal encoding the processing result.
  • the second network may be a wireless network.
  • the circuit of the e-skin may further include a carrier wave generator, a modulator, and a combiner.
  • the carrier wave generator may be configured to generate a plurality of carrier waves.
  • the modulator may be configured to generate one or more modulated signals corresponding to the one or more second electrical signals acquired by the one or more sensors by modulating each of the one or more second electrical signals on one of the plurality of carrier waves.
  • the combiner may be configured to generate the first electrical signals by combining the one or more modulated signals.
  • the e-skin may further include a button cell.
  • the button cell may include a foldable mechanism.
  • the foldable mechanism may be configured to cause the button cell to exhibit a folded configuration or an un-folded configuration. Under the folded configuration, the button cell may be powered on. Under the un-folded configuration, the button cell may be powered off.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary medical system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary hardware and/or software components of a computing device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary hardware and/or software components of a mobile device on which a terminal may be implemented according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram illustrating a side view of an exemplary e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram illustrating a side view of an exemplary e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a sectional view of a button cell under an un-folded configuration according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating a plurality of first sensors assembled on a lower surface of a flexible substrate of an e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary electrodes assembled on a lower surface of a flexible substrate of an e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary circuit of an e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is an exemplary circuit diagram of an exemplary circuit of an e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary carrier wave generator according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary second modulator according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary circuit according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary processing device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for determining information related to a user based on an e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • system, ” “engine, ” “unit, ” “module, ” and/or “block” used herein are one method to distinguish different components, elements, parts, sections or assembly of different levels in ascending order. However, the terms may be displaced by another expression if they achieve the same purpose.
  • module, ” “unit, ” or “block, ” as used herein refers to logic embodied in hardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions.
  • a module, a unit, or a block described herein may be implemented as software and/or hardware and may be stored in any type of non-transitory computer-readable medium or another storage device.
  • a software module/unit/block may be compiled and linked into an executable program. It will be appreciated that software modules can be callable from other modules/units/blocks or from themselves, and/or may be invoked in response to detected events or interrupts.
  • Software modules/units/blocks configured for execution on computing devices may be provided on a computer-readable medium, such as a compact disc, a digital video disc, a flash drive, a magnetic disc, or any other tangible medium, or as a digital download (and can be originally stored in a compressed or installable format that needs installation, decompression, or decryption prior to execution) .
  • a computer-readable medium such as a compact disc, a digital video disc, a flash drive, a magnetic disc, or any other tangible medium, or as a digital download (and can be originally stored in a compressed or installable format that needs installation, decompression, or decryption prior to execution) .
  • Such software code may be stored, partially or fully, on a storage device of the executing computing device, for execution by the computing device.
  • Software instructions may be embedded in firmware, such as an EPROM.
  • hardware modules/units/blocks may be included in connected logic components, such as gates and flip-flops, and/or can be included of programmable
  • modules/units/blocks or computing device functionality described herein may be implemented as software modules/units/blocks, but may be represented in hardware or firmware.
  • the modules/units/blocks described herein refer to logical modules/units/blocks that may be combined with other modules/units/blocks or divided into sub-modules/sub-units/sub-blocks despite their physical organization or storage. The description may be applicable to a system, an engine, or a portion thereof.
  • Spatial and functional relationships between elements are described using various terms, including “connected, “ “engaged, “ “interfaced, “ and “coupled. " Unless explicitly described as being “direct, " when a relationship between first and second elements is described in the present disclosure, that relationship includes a direct relationship where no other intervening elements are present between the first and second elements, and also an indirect relationship where one or more intervening elements are present (either spatially or functionally) between the first and second elements. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly” connected, engaged, interfaced, or coupled to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between, “ versus “directly between, “ “adjacent, " versus “directly adjacent, “ etc. ) .
  • the present disclosure relates to devices, systems and methods for monitoring a user via an e-skin.
  • the e-skin may include a flexible substrate, one or more sensors, and a circuit.
  • the flexible substrate may have an upper surface, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and one or more channels extending between the upper surface and the lower surface.
  • Each of the sensors may be configured to acquire an electrical signal representing a biological parameter of the user.
  • the circuit may be configured to receive and/or process the one or more electrical signals from the one or more sensors.
  • the circuit may be assembled on the upper surface of the flexible substrate.
  • At least one first sensor of the sensor (s) may be assembled on the lower surface of the flexible substrate, and electrically connected to the circuit via a transmission medium passing through the channel of the flexible substrate.
  • the first sensor may be thin (e.g., having a nanoscale thickness along the direction between the upper surface and the lower surface) , which may have little impact to the conformability between the e-skin and the skin of the user.
  • the first sensor assembled on the lower surface may contact the user skin directly, which may improve the accuracy and validity of the measurement result of the first sensor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary medical system 100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the medical system 100 may include a server 110, a network 120, a storage device 130, a terminal 140, and an e-skin 150.
  • the medical system 100 may be configured to collect and/or analyze information related to a subject to monitor the condition of the subject.
  • the subject may include a user 160, a portion of the user 160 (e.g., an organ and/or a tissue of the user 160) , a man-made object (e.g., a phantom) , etc.
  • the present disclosure takes the user 160 as an example of the subject to be monitored.
  • the medical system 100 may measure and/or analyze a plurality of biological parameters of the user 160 continuously or intermittently (e.g., periodically) .
  • the medical system 100 may be widely used in various fields, such as patient observation, patient monitoring, research, disease diagnosis, disease treatment, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • a doctor and/or a physician may use the medical system 100 to assist the monitoring the condition of a patient in the hospital or remotely such that a dangerous condition may be timely identified, long-term data may be acquired, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • the user 160 may be a patient, a research subject, etc.
  • the user 160 may be a human or an animal.
  • only one user 160 is illustrated in the medical system 100 in FIG. 1. It is not intended to be limiting.
  • the medical system 100 may include a plurality of users 160, and may collect and analyze information related to the plurality of users 160 simultaneously.
  • the server 110 may facilitate data processing for the medical system 100.
  • the server 110 may be a single server or a server group.
  • the server group may be centralized, or distributed (e.g., server 110 may be a distributed system) .
  • the server 110 may be local or remote.
  • the server 110 may access information and/or data stored in the terminal 140, and/or the storage device 130 via the network 120.
  • the server 110 may be directly connected to the terminal 140, and/or the storage device 130 to access stored information and/or data.
  • the server 110 may be implemented on a cloud platform.
  • the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud, a distributed cloud, an inter-cloud, a multi-cloud, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the server 110 may be implemented on a computing device 200 having one or more components illustrated in FIG. 2 in the present disclosure.
  • the server 110 may include a processing device 112.
  • the processing device 112 may process information and/or data to perform one or more functions described in the present disclosure.
  • the processing device 112 may receive, from the e-skin 150 attached to the user 160, an electrical signal related to a biological parameter of the user 160.
  • an electrical signal related to a biological parameter of the user 160 may be referred to as the electrical signal.
  • the processing device 112 may process the electrical signal to determine information related to the user 160.
  • the processing device 112 may continuously receive an electrical signal related to the cardiac activity of the user 160 from the e-skin 150, and perform a dynamic electrocardiography (ECG) diagnosis based on the electrical signal.
  • ECG dynamic electrocardiography
  • the processing device 112 may analyze the electrical signal related to the cardiac activity of the user during a time period (e.g., 24 hours) , and the analysis result may be presented by a dynamic ECG that records an electrical activity of the heart of the user 160 during the time period. Additionally or alternatively, the processing device 112 may predict a risk that a user has a certain disease (e.g., heart disease) by analyzing the electrical signal.
  • a time period e.g., 24 hours
  • the processing device 112 may predict a risk that a user has a certain disease (e.g., heart disease) by analyzing the electrical signal.
  • the processing device 112 may include one or more processing devices (e.g., single-core processing device (s) or multi-core processor (s) ) .
  • the processing device 112 may include one or more hardware processors, such as a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , an application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a physics processing unit (PPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a programmable logic device (PLD) , a controller, a microcontroller unit, a reduced instruction-set computer (RISC) , a microprocessor, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • ASIP application-specific instruction-set processor
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • PPU physics processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • PLD
  • the network 120 may facilitate the exchange of information and/or data.
  • one or more components in the medical system 100 e.g., the server 110, the storage device 130, and the terminal 140
  • the processing device 112 may receive signals and/or information from the e-skin 150 via the network 120.
  • the processing device 112 may transmit information related to one or more users 160 to the terminal 140 via the network 120.
  • the network 120 may be any type of wired or wireless network, or a combination thereof.
  • the network 120 may include a cable network, a wireline network, an optical fiber network, a telecommunications network, an intranet, the Internet, a local area network (LAN) , a wide area network (WAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a metropolitan area network (MAN) , a wide area network (WAN) , a public telephone switched network (PSTN) , a BluetoothTM network, a ZigBee network, a near field communication (NFC) network, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the network 120 may include one or more network access points.
  • the network 120 may include wired or wireless network access points such as base stations and/or internet exchange points 120-1, 120-2, ..., through which one or more components of the medical system 100 may be connected to the network 120 to exchange data and/or information.
  • the storage device 130 may store data and/or instructions.
  • the storage device 130 may store data obtained from the terminal 140 and/or the processing device 112.
  • the storage device 130 may store an electrical signal collected by the e-skin 150, information related to the user 160 determined by the processing device 112 or retrieved from a resource (e.g., identification information, medical history, employment history, education) , or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the storage device 130 may store data and/or instructions that the server 110 may execute or use to perform exemplary methods described in the present disclosure.
  • the storage device 130 may store instructions that the processing device 112 may execute or use to monitor the user 160 based on the e-skin 150.
  • the storage device 130 may include a mass storage device, a removable storage device, a volatile read-and-write memory, a read-only memory (ROM) , or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • Exemplary mass storage device may include a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid-state drive, etc.
  • Exemplary removable storage device may include a flash drive, a floppy disk, an optical disk, a memory card, a zip disk, a magnetic tape, etc.
  • Exemplary volatile read-and-write memory may include a random access memory (RAM) .
  • Exemplary RAM may include a dynamic RAM (DRAM) , a double date rate synchronous dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM) , a static RAM (SRAM) , a thyristor RAM (T-RAM) , and a zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) , etc.
  • Exemplary ROM may include a mask ROM (MROM) , a programmable ROM (PROM) , an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) , an electrically-erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , a compact disk ROM (CD-ROM) , and a digital versatile disk ROM, etc.
  • the storage device 130 may be implemented on a cloud platform.
  • the cloud platform may include a private cloud, a public cloud, a hybrid cloud, a community cloud, a distributed cloud, an inter-cloud, a multi-cloud, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the storage device 130 may be connected to the network 120 to communicate with one or more components in the medical system 100 (e.g., the server 110, the terminal 140, etc. ) .
  • One or more components in the medical system 100 may access the data or instructions stored in the storage device 130 via the network 120.
  • the storage device 130 may be directly connected to or communicate with one or more components in the medical system 100 (e.g., the server 110, the terminal 140, etc. ) .
  • the storage device 130 may be part of the server 110.
  • the terminal 140 may include a mobile device 140-1, a tablet computer 140-2, a laptop computer 140-3, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the mobile device 140-1 may include a smart home device, a wearable device, mobile equipment, a virtual reality device, an augmented reality device, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the smart home device may include a smart lighting device, a control device of an intelligent electrical apparatus, a smart monitoring device, a smart television, a smart video camera, an interphone, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the wearable device may include a bracelet, footgear, glasses, a helmet, a watch, clothing, a backpack, a smart accessory, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the mobile equipment may include a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a gaming device, a navigation device, a point of sale (POS) device, a laptop, a desktop, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the virtual reality device and/or the augmented reality device may include a virtual reality helmet, a virtual reality glass, a virtual reality patch, an augmented reality helmet, augmented reality glasses, an augmented reality patch, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the virtual reality device and/or the augmented reality device may include a Google Glass TM , a RiftCon TM , a Fragments TM , a Gear VR TM , etc.
  • the terminal 140 may display information related to the user 160. For example, the terminal 140 may display a value of a biological parameter of the user 160 received from the e-skin 150 and/or the processing device 112. In some embodiments, the terminal 140 may control the operation of one or more components of the medical system 100, such as the e-skin 150. For example, a user may set an operating mode and/or an operating parameter of the e-skin 150 via the terminal 140. Exemplary operating modes may include continuous/intermittent acquisition and/or transmission of data, processing data, displaying data, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • Exemplary operating parameters may include frequency of acquisition and/or transmission of data, a triggering event of acquisition and/or transmission of data, a triggering event of displaying specific data, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • information related to the blood oxygen level of the user 160 is continuously measured by the e-skin 150; the information is sent to the terminal 140 for display and/or the processing device 112 periodically (e.g., every hour, every several hours, every day, etc. ) if the measured blood oxygen level is determined to be within a normal range; but instantly if the measured blood oxygen level is determined to be outside the normal range.
  • the e-skin 150 may display the measured blood oxygen level if the blood oxygen level is determined to be within the normal range; and also display a warning notification if the blood oxygen level is outside the normal range.
  • the terminal 140 may be integrated into the e-skin 150.
  • the terminal 140 may be a control panel mounted on the e-skin 150 configured to perform the functions of the terminal 140 disclosed in this disclosure.
  • the e-skin 150 may be configured to collect and/or process information related to the user 160.
  • the e-skin 150 may acquire one or more electrical signals representing the user’s one or more biological parameter (s) .
  • Exemplary biological parameters of the user 160 may include a pulse rate, a heart rate, a respiration rate, a body temperature, a blood glucose level, a blood pressure, a parameter related to cardiac activity (e.g., an ECG parameter) , a parameter related to brain activity (e.g., an electroencephalogram (EEG) parameter) , a parameter related to muscle activity (e.g., an electromyography (EMG) parameter) , or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • ECG electroencephalogram
  • the e-skin 150 may further process the acquired electrical signal (s) .
  • the e-skin 150 may analyze an electrical signal representing a biological parameter of the user 160 to determine the value of the biological parameter.
  • the e-skin 150 may combine a plurality of electrical signals representing a plurality of biological parameters to generate a combined signal.
  • the e-skin 150 may be attached to the skin of the user 160 as illustrated in FIG. 1 to collect the information related to the user 160.
  • the e-skin 150 may be attached to different portions of the user skin according to the type of biological parameter (s) to be measured.
  • the e-skin 150 may be attached to the wrist of the user 160 to measure the pulse rate, the blood glucose level, and/or the blood pressure of the user 160.
  • the e-skin 150 may be attached to the chest of the user 160 to measure the respiration rate and/or heart rate of the user 160.
  • a plurality of (patches of) e-skins 150 may be deposited at a plurality of positions of the user 160 to collect information related to the user simultaneously.
  • a plurality of (patches of) e-skins 150 may be deposited on the forearm, the wrist, the ankle, and the chest of the user 160, respectively, to collect ECG signals of the user 160 simultaneously.
  • the e-skin 150 may include a flexible substrate, one or more sensors, a circuit, a battery, a communication port, and/or an input/output (I/O) component. More descriptions of the e-skin 150 may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure. See, e.g., FIGs. 4 to 14 and the descriptions thereof.
  • the medical system 100 is merely provided for the purposes of illustration, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
  • multiple variations or modifications may be made under the teachings of the present disclosure. However, those variations and modifications do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the medical system 100 may include a first processing device and a second processing device (either one or both of the first processing device and the second processing device may be a processing device 112 as illustrated in FIG. 1 although only one processing device 112 is illustrated in FIG. 1) to perform the methods disclosed in the present disclosure jointly or separately.
  • the first processing device may be configured receive information related to user 160 from the e-skin 150 and optionally process the received information. If the amount of the received information is greater than a threshold and/or the types of the information are greater than a threshold, the first processing device may transmit at least a portion of the information to the second processing device for further analysis.
  • the second processing device may process the information received from the first processing device and transmit the processing result back to the first processing device.
  • the first processing device may be local, and the second processing device may be implemented on a cloud platform.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary hardware and/or software components of a computing device 200 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the computing device 200 may be used to implement any component of the medical system 100 as described herein.
  • the server 110 e.g., the processing device 112
  • the server 110 may be implemented on the computing device 200, via its hardware, software program, firmware, or a combination thereof.
  • the processor 210 may execute computer instructions (e.g., program code) and perform functions of the processing device 112 in accordance with techniques described herein.
  • the computer instructions may include, for example, routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, procedures, modules, and functions, which perform particular functions described herein.
  • the processor 210 may include one or more hardware processors, such as a microcontroller, a microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) , an application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , an application-specific instruction-set processor (ASIP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a physics processing unit (PPU) , a microcontroller unit, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , an advanced RISC machine (ARM) , a programmable logic device (PLD) , any circuit or processor capable of executing one or more functions, or the like, or any combinations thereof.
  • RISC reduced instruction set computer
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • ASIP application-specific instruction-set processor
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • PPU physics processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • ARM advanced RISC machine
  • processors may also include multiple processors.
  • operations and/or method operations that are performed by one processor as described in the present disclosure may also be jointly or separately performed by the multiple processors.
  • the processor of the computing device 200 executes both operation A and operation B
  • operation A and operation B may also be performed by two or more different processors jointly or separately in the computing device 200 (e.g., a first processor executes operation A and a second processor executes operation B, or the first and second processors jointly execute operations A and B) .
  • the storage 220 may store data/information obtained from the e-skin 150, the server 110, the storage device 130, the terminal 140, and/or any other component of the medical system 100.
  • the storage 220 may include a mass storage device, a removable storage device, a volatile read-and-write memory, a read-only memory (ROM) , or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the mass storage device may include a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid-state drive, etc.
  • the removable storage device may include a flash drive, a floppy disk, an optical disk, a memory card, a zip disk, a magnetic tape, etc.
  • the volatile read-and-write memory may include a random access memory (RAM) .
  • the RAM may include a dynamic RAM (DRAM) , a double date rate synchronous dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM) , a static RAM (SRAM) , a thyristor RAM (T-RAM) , and a zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) , etc.
  • the ROM may include a mask ROM (MROM) , a programmable ROM (PROM) , an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , a compact disk ROM (CD-ROM) , and a digital versatile disk ROM, etc.
  • the storage 220 may store one or more programs and/or instructions to perform exemplary methods described in the present disclosure.
  • the I/O 230 may input and/or output signals, data, information, etc. In some embodiments, the I/O 230 may enable a user interaction with the medical system 100. In some embodiments, the I/O 230 may include an input device and an output device. Examples of the input device may include a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a microphone, or the like, or a combination thereof. Examples of the output device may include a display device, a loudspeaker, a printer, a projector, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • Examples of the display device may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) , a light-emitting diode (LED) -based display, a flat panel display, a curved screen, a television device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) , a touch screen, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • CRT cathode ray tube
  • the communication port 240 may be connected to a network (e.g., the network 120) to facilitate data communications.
  • the communication port 240 may establish connections between two or more components of the medical system 100.
  • the connection may be a wired connection, a wireless connection, any other communication connection that can enable data transmission and/or reception, and/or any combination of these connections.
  • the wired connection may include, for example, an electrical cable, an optical cable, a telephone wire, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the wireless connection may include, for example, a Bluetooth TM link, a Wi-Fi TM link, a WiMax TM link, a WLAN link, a ZigBee TM link, a mobile network link (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G) , or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • the communication port 240 may be and/or include a standardized communication port, such as RS232, RS485, etc.
  • the communication port 240 may be a specially designed communication port.
  • the communication port 240 may be designed in accordance with the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) protocol.
  • DICOM digital imaging and communications in medicine
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary hardware and/or software components of a mobile device on which the terminal 140 may be implemented according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the mobile device 300 may include a communication port 310, a display 320, a graphics processing unit (GPU) 330, a central processing unit (CPU) 340, an I/O device 350, a memory 360, and a storage 390.
  • the CPU 340 may include interface circuits and processing circuits similar to the processor 210.
  • any other suitable component including but not limited to a system bus or a controller (not shown) , may also be included in the mobile device 300.
  • a mobile operating system 370 e.g., iOS TM , Android TM , Windows Phone TM , etc.
  • the applications 380 may include a browser or any other suitable mobile apps for receiving and rendering information relating to a query request or other information from the data storage system on the mobile device 300.
  • User interactions with the information stream may be achieved via the I/O devices 350 and provided to the processing device 112 and/or other components of the medical system 100 via the network 120.
  • the I/O devices 350 may display information (e.g., a value of a biological parameter) of a user (e.g., the user 160) received from an e-skin (e.g., the e-skin 150) and/or a processing device (e.g., the processing device 112) .
  • information e.g., a value of a biological parameter
  • a user e.g., the user 160
  • e-skin e.g., the e-skin 150
  • a processing device e.g., the processing device 112
  • a computer hardware platform may be used as hardware platforms of one or more elements (e.g., a component of the computing device 200 described in FIG. 2) . Since these hardware elements, operating systems, and program languages are common, it may be assumed that persons skilled in the art may be familiar with these techniques and they may be able to provide information required in health monitoring according to the techniques described in the present disclosure.
  • a computer with user interface may be used as a personal computer (PC) , or other types of workstations or terminal devices. After being properly programmed, a computer with user interface may be used as a server. It may be considered that those skilled in the art may also be familiar with such structures, programs, or general operations of this type of computer device. Thus, extra explanations are not described for the figures.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary e-skin 150 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the e-skin 150 may be attached to the skin of a user 160 to collect and/or process information related to the user 160.
  • the e-skin 150 may include a flexible substrate 153, one or more sensors 410, a circuit 420, a battery 430, a communication port 440, and an input/output (I/O) component 450.
  • the circuit 420, the battery 430, the communication port 440, and the I/O component 450 may be referred to as the electronic components of the e-skin 150.
  • the flexible substrate 153 may be configured to support one or more other components of the e-skin 150, such as the sensor (s) 410, the circuit 420, the battery 430, the communication port 440, and the I/O component 450.
  • the flexible substrate 153 may include a lower surface 151, an upper surface 152 opposite to the lower surface 151, and one or more channels (not shown in FIG. 4) . Each of the one or more channels may extend between the upper surface 152 and the lower surface 151.
  • the lower surface 151 of the flexible substrate 153 may refer to a surface of the flexible substrate 153 that is attached to the skin of the user 160 when the e-skin 150 acquires information related to the user 160.
  • the flexible substrate 153 may include a single layer of flexible substrate.
  • the upper surface 152 may refer to a surface of the flexible substrate 153 that is opposite to the lower surface 151.
  • a channel of the flexible substrate 153 may be a through hole in the flexible substrate 153.
  • the flexible substrate 153 may include a plurality of layers of overlapping flexible substrates. In this situation, the upper surface 152 of the flexible substrate 153 may refer to an outermost surface of the flexible substrate 153 that is opposite to the lower surface 151.
  • a layer of the flexible substrate 153 may include one or more through holes.
  • a channel of the flexible substrate 153 may pass through a through hole of each layer. More descriptions of the structure of the flexible substrate 153 and the channel (s) may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure. See, e.g., FIGs. 5A and 5B and the descriptions thereof.
  • the flexible substrate 153 may be flexible and/or stretchable. When being attached to the skin of the user 160, the flexible substrate 153 may conform to the body surface of the user 160. In some embodiments, the flexible substrate 153 may be made of one or more flexible and/or stretchable materials.
  • the flexible substrate 153 may be made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) , polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) , polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) , polyethylene (PE) , polypropylene (PP) , polystyrene (PS) , polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) , nylon (Nylon) , polycarbonate (PC) , polyurethane (PU) , polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , polyimide (PI) , polyacrylate (PA) , biopolymer, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • Exemplary biopolymers may include polyglycolic acid (PGA) , polylactic acid (PLA) , polysaccharides, proteins, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the lower surface 151 of the flexible substrate 153 may be attachable to the skin of the user 160 in any suitable manner.
  • the flexible substrate 153 may be made as a slice so that it may be directly attached to the skin under the action of an electrostatic force between the flexible substrate 153 and the user skin.
  • the flexible substrate 153 may be regarded as a slice if its thickness along the direction between the upper surface 152 and the lower surface 151 is smaller than a first threshold.
  • the first threshold may be, for example, 5 micrometers (um) , 10 um, 20 um, 30 um, or any other suitable value. Merely by way of example, the first threshold may be 20 um.
  • the lower surface 151 of the flexible substrate 153 may be attached to the skin of the user 160 through one or more adhesive materials, e.g., an acrylic-based adhesive, a polyisobutylene-based adhesive, a silicone-based adhesive, a polyester based adhesive, a polyurethane based adhesive, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the adhesive material (s) may be coated on the lower surface 151 in the fabrication of the flexible substrate 153.
  • the lower surface 151 of the flexible substrate 153 may be attached to the skin of the user 160 through one or more adhesive materials when the thickness of the flexible substrate 153 along the direction between the upper surface 152 and the lower surface 151 is equal to or greater than a second threshold.
  • the second threshold may be, for example, 50 um, 60 um, 70 um, 100 um, or any other suitable value. Merely by way of example, the second threshold may be 50 um.
  • Each of the sensor (s) 410 may be configured to acquire an electrical signal representing a biological parameter of the user 160.
  • the biological parameter may be any parameter for measuring the body function (e.g., the cardiac activity, the brain activity, and/or the muscle activity) of the user 160.
  • the sensor (s) 410 may be of various types, such as a physical sensor, a chemical sensor, and/or an electrical sensor, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • Exemplary physical sensors may include but are not limited to a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an optical sensor, a motion sensor, and/or a thermal sensor.
  • Exemplary chemical sensors may include but are not limited to a blood sensor (e.g., a blood glucose sensor) , a sweat sensor, and/or a urine sensor.
  • the pressure sensor may be configured to measure, such as a blood pressure, a pulse rate, a heart rate, a respiration rate, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the chemical sensor may be configured to measure, such as a blood glucose concentration, a sweat urea concentration, or any other parameter related to chemical information (e.g., the composition of a body fluid, the presence of a certain element, the concertation of a certain element in a body fluid) of the user 160.
  • the electrical sensor may be configured to detect an electrical change on the user skin that may arise from, for example, a cardiac activity, a brain activity, or a muscle activity.
  • Exemplary biological parameters measured by the electrical sensor may include an ECG parameter, an EEG parameter, an EMG parameter, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the optical sensor may be configured to measure, such as a blood oxygen level, a volumetric change of blood (e.g., a rate of blood flow) of the user 160, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the motion sensor may be configured to measure a position, a velocity, an acceleration, or any other parameter related to the movement of the user 160 or a portion thereof.
  • the thermal sensor may be configured to measure a body temperature, or any other parameter related to thermal information of the user 160.
  • the configuration and/or composition of a sensor 410 may be adjusted depending on the function of the sensor 410.
  • the glucose sensor may include a microneedle that, when the e-skin 150 is attached to the user skin, punctures the user skin to detect the blood of the user 160.
  • the pressure sensor may be made by one or more nanostructured materials, e.g., a piezoelectric material, a metal nanowire, a metal oxide nanowire, a carbon nanotube, and graphene.
  • an electrical sensor may be fabricated as a piezoelectric material, an electrode, such as a metal wire (e.g., a gold wire, a silver wire, or a copper wire) , conductive ink, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • a metal wire e.g., a gold wire, a silver wire, or a copper wire
  • conductive ink e.g., a conductive ink, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the electrode may be made as a metal wire whose thickness along the direction extending between the lower surface 151 and the upper surface 152 is less than a threshold, such as 10 nanometers, 20 nanometers, 30 nanometers, or any other suitable value.
  • the electrode may have a self-similarity structure (e.g., a structure as illustrated in FIG. 7B) .
  • the electrode having the self-similarity structure may include a plurality of periodical units, each of which has the same or substantially the same shape and electrically connected to each other.
  • the self-similarity structure may improve the tolerance of the electrode to deformation of a certain level within the limit of the fracture strain of the constituent material (s) of the electrode. More descriptions of the structure of the electrode may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure. See, e.g., FIGs. 7A and 7B and relevant descriptions thereof.
  • the circuit 420 may process information and/or data to perform one or more functions described in the present disclosure.
  • the circuit 420 may be operably coupled to each of the sensor (s) 410, and configured to receive and/or process the one or more electrical signals from the sensor (s) 410.
  • the circuit 420 may preprocess (e.g., filter and/or denoise) the one or more electrical signals.
  • the circuit 420 may determine information related to the user 160 by analyzing the one or more electrical signals.
  • the circuit 420 may determine whether the value of a certain biological parameter is within a normal range by analyzing the electrical signal representing the certain biological parameter.
  • the circuit 420 may further transmit the electrical signal (s) and/or the processing result of the electrical signal (s) to one or more other components of the e-skin 150, such as the communication port 440, the I/O component 450, or the like.
  • the circuit 420 may include a processing circuit configured to process signals, data, and/or instructions to perform one or more particular functions described herein.
  • the processing circuit may include one or more hardware processors, such as an analog signal processing circuit, a digital signal processing circuit, a mixed signal processing circuit, and/or any circuit or processor capable of executing one or more functions exemplified herein, or any combinations thereof.
  • Exemplary analog signal processing circuits may include an amplifier, a mixer, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) , a filter, a radio-frequency (RF) receiver, an RF transmitter, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • Exemplary mixed signal processing circuits may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) , a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) , or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • the circuit 420 may include a carrier wave generator, a first modulator, a combiner, and a second modulator.
  • the circuit 420 may receive a plurality of electrical signals from a plurality of sensors 410, and generate a combined signal by processing the electrical signals. More descriptions of the generation of the combined signal may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure (e.g., FIGs. 8 to 12 and the descriptions thereof) .
  • the battery 430 may be configured to supply power to one or more components (e.g., the circuit 420) of the e-skin 150.
  • the battery 430 may be a button cell, a paper battery, a solar cell, an electrochemical cell, a supercapacitor, a piezoelectric battery, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • battery 430 may be a button cell.
  • the button cell may have one or more advantages including, for example, having a high energy density and a small size.
  • the button cell may include a foldable mechanism configured to adjust the configuration and state of the button cell. More descriptions regarding the button cell may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure. See, e.g., FIGs. 5A and 6 and the relevant descriptions thereof.
  • the battery 430 may be a paper battery.
  • a battery pad may be mounted the flexible substrate 153, and the battery 430 may be assembled onto the battery pad via a conductive liquid (e.g., liquid silver) .
  • the battery 430 may be a chemical battery including an electrolyte (e.g., NaCl solution) .
  • the electrolyte may be wrapped in an electrolyte package, which may be placed inside the flexible substrate 153 (e.g., between two layers of the flexible substrate 153) .
  • the battery 430 may be omitted, and one or more components (e.g., the circuit 420) of the e-skin 150 may be charged by a wireless power supply technology via a wireless antenna.
  • the communication port 440 may be connected to a network (e.g., the network 120) to facilitate data communications.
  • the communication port 440 may establish a connection between the e-skin 150 and one or more other components of the medical system 100 (e.g., the processing engine 112) .
  • the connection may be a wired connection, a wireless connection, any other communication connection that can enable data transmission and/or reception, and/or any combination of these connections.
  • the communication port 440 may be operably coupled to the circuit 420.
  • the circuit 420 may transmit at least part of the electrical signal (s) acquired by the sensor (s) 410 and/or the processing result of the electrical signal (s) to the communication port 440.
  • the communication port 440 may further transmit the received electrical signal (s) and/or the processing result to one or more other components of the medical system 100 (e.g., the processing device 112, the storage device 130) .
  • the e-skin 150 may receive information, data, and/or signals from one or more other components of the medical system 100 via the communication port 440.
  • the e-skin 150 may receive a control instruction (e.g., a user instruction received from the terminal 140) via the communication port 440.
  • the I/O component 450 may be configured to input or output signals, data or information.
  • the I/O component 450 may enable a user to control the e-skin 150, for example, by setting an operating state and/or an operating parameter of the e-skin 150.
  • the I/O component 450 may display a value of a biological parameter of the user 160 measured by a sensor 410.
  • the I/O component 450 may provide an alarm (e.g., a text alarm, an audio alarm, a certain graph) to the user 160 and/or one or more other local or remote users of the medical system 100 (e.g., a doctor, a nurse, an entity that monitors the user 160) .
  • the I/O component 450 may include an input device and an output device.
  • Exemplary input devices may include a keyboard, a touch screen, a microphone, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • Exemplary output devices may include a display device, a loudspeaker, a printer, a projector, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • the components of the e-skin 150 may be arranged at any position of the flexible substrate 153 in any suitable manner.
  • one or more of the electronic components such as the circuit 420 and the battery 430 may have a certain thickness along the direction extending between the upper surface 152 and the lower surface 151 to ensure proper performance of signal transmission and power storage. They may be assembled on the upper surface 152 to improve the conformability between the e-skin 150 and the user skin.
  • an electronic component may be assembled on the upper surface 152 of the flexible substrate 153 directly or indirectly. Different electronic components may be assembled on the upper surface 152 in the same manner or different manners.
  • the circuit 420 may be welded or wire bonded on the upper surface 152 directly based on, for example, a welding technique or a wire bonding (e.g., gold wire bonding) technique.
  • the circuit 420 may be assembled on the upper surface 152 indirectly through one or more adhesive materials, e.g., glue.
  • the e-skin 150 may further include a separation layer between the circuit 420 and the upper surface 152.
  • the separation layer may be made of a thermostable material, for example, polyimide (PI) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) , steel plate cold (SPC) .
  • PI polyimide
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • SPC steel plate cold
  • the separation layer may be adhered to the upper surface 152, and the circuit 420 may be welded or wire bonded on the separation layer.
  • one or more first sensors may be assembled on the lower surface 151 of the flexible substrate 153.
  • the first sensor (s) may be thin (e.g., having a nanoscale thickness along the direction extending between the upper surface 152 and the lower surface 151) , which may have little impact to the conformability between the e-skin 150 and the user skin.
  • the first sensor (s) assembled on the lower surface 151 may contact the user skin directly, which may improve the accuracy and validity of the measurement result of the first sensor (s) .
  • one or more second sensors 410-B may be assembled on the upper surface 152 of the flexible substrate 153.
  • the first sensor (s) and/or the second sensor (s) 410-B may be of any type of sensors, such as a pressure sensor, an optical sensor, or an electrical sensor.
  • some types of sensors may have to be in contact with the skin of the user 160 to acquire an electrical signal presenting a certain biological parameter of the user 160.
  • a blood glucose sensor may need to be mounted on the lower surface 151 as a first sensor to measure the blood glucose level in the blood of the user 160.
  • a sensor 410 may be assembled on the lower surface 151 or upper surface 152 by any suitable technique, for example, spin coating, dip coating, screen printing, transfer coating, sputtering, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • one or more components of the e-skin 150 may be connected to and/or communicated with each other via a transmission medium 460.
  • the e-skin 150 may include at least one first sensor (e.g., the first sensors 410-A1 to 410-An) assembled on the lower surface 151 of the flexible substrate 153.
  • the at least one first sensor may be operably coupled to one or more other components (e.g., the circuit 420) assembled on the upper surface 152 via a transmission medium 460 (not shown in FIG. 4) .
  • the transmission medium 460 may pass through a channel of the flexible substrate 153. More descriptions of the connection between the first sensor and a component assembled on the upper surface 152 may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure.
  • two or more components e.g., the second sensor 410-B, the circuit 420, the battery 430, the communication port 440, and the I/O component 450
  • the upper surface 152 may be operably coupled to each other via a transmission medium 460.
  • the transmission medium 460 may include, for example, a metal wire (e.g., a gold wire, a silver wire, and a copper wire) , conductive ink, or any other medium that can transmit signals and/or data.
  • the transmission medium 460 may have any suitable configuration.
  • the configuration and/or composition of different transmission media 460 connecting different components of the e-skin 150 may be the same or different.
  • the transmission medium 460 may have a self-similarity structure (e.g., a structure as illustrated in FIG. 7B) .
  • the transmission medium 460 having the self-similarity structure may include a plurality of periodical units, each of which has the same or substantially the same shape and connected to each other.
  • the self-similarity structure may improve the tolerance of the transmission medium 460 to deformation of a certain level within the limit of the fracture strain of the constituent material (s) of the transmission medium 460. More descriptions of the structure of the transmission medium 460 may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure. See, e.g., FIG. 7B and the relevant descriptions thereof.
  • the e-skin 150 may include any number (count) of sensors 410 or electronic components.
  • the sensor (s) 410 or electronic components may be arranged at any position of the flexible substrate 153 in any suitable manner.
  • one or more components of the e-skin 150 may be omitted.
  • any of the second sensor 410-B, the I/O component 450, and/or the battery 430 may be omitted.
  • the e-skin 150 may further include one or more additional components.
  • the e-skin 150 may further include a storage for storing data, signals, and/or instructions, such as electrical signals acquired by the sensor (s) 410 and/or data generated by the circuit 420.
  • one or more special materials may be coated on one or more surfaces of the flexible substrate 153.
  • the lower surface 151 and/or the upper surface 152 may be coated with a sealant such as epoxy or silicone, to improve the waterproof performance of the e-skin 150.
  • the lower surface 151 may be coated with a medicated material that releases a medicament, such as antibiotic, beta-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, diuretic, or steroid, an essential oil, a fragrance, a deodorant, an insect repellent, to achieve a purpose of, e.g., reducing skin irritation, providing a therapeutic or sensational effect.
  • ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
  • one or more components of the e-skin 150 may be connected to and/or communicated with each other via a bus in a similar manner as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram illustrating a side view of an exemplary e-skin 150-1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram illustrating a side view of an exemplary e-skin 150-2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the e-skins 150-1 and 150-2 may be examples of the e-skin 150 or a portion thereof.
  • the e-skins 150-1 and 150-2 may be similar to each other, except some certain features.
  • the e-skin 150-1 may include a flexible substrate 153-A, two first sensors (i.e., a first sensor 410-A1 and a first sensor 410-A2) , a circuit 420, and a button cell 580.
  • the e-skin 150-2 may include a flexible substrate 153-B, two first sensors (i.e., a first sensor 410-A3 and a first sensor 410-A4) , and the circuit 420.
  • the flexible substrate 153-A of the e-skin 150-1 may include a single layer of flexible substrate.
  • the flexible substrate 153-B of the e-skin 150-2 may include two layers of overlapping flexible substrates (i.e., a first layer 153-B1 and a second layer 153-B2) . Both the flexible substrate 153-A and the flexible substrate 153-B may have an upper surface 152, a lower surface 151, and a plurality of channels 510 (e.g., channels 510-1 to 510-4) . A channel 510 may extend between the upper surface 152 and the lower surface 151.
  • the first sensors e.g., the first sensors 410-A1 to 410-A4 may be assembled on the lower surface 151.
  • the circuit 420 and the button cell 580 (if any) may be assembled on the upper surface 152.
  • a first sensor may be operably coupled to the circuit 420 via a transmission medium 460 (shown as dotted lines in FIGs. 5A and 5B) .
  • the transmission medium 460 may pass through a channel 510 of the flexible substrate 153-A or the flexible substrate 153-B.
  • the channel 510 may refer to a route for the transmission medium 460 extending between the upper surface 152 and the lower surface 151 of the flexible substrate.
  • the channel 510 may be a through hole in the flexible substrate.
  • each layer may include one or more through holes.
  • the channel 510 may pass through a through hole of each layer of the flexible substrate.
  • the channel 510 may also extend on a contact surface between two layers of the flexible substrates.
  • the flexible substrate 153-B including multiple layers of flexible substrates may provide more space for arranging one or more channels 510, so that more transmission media 460 can be used to connect first sensors on the lower surface 151 and other components on the upper surface 152.
  • a through hole of a flexible substrate may refer to a hole that goes all the way through the flexible substrate (or a layer of the flexible substrate) along the direction between the lower surface 151 and the upper surface 152. The through hole may be located at any position of the flexible substrate (or a layer of the flexible substrate) .
  • the through hole may have any size and/or shape.
  • the size and/or shape of different through holes may be the same or different.
  • the cross-section of the through hole may have a shape of a circle, a triangle, a rectangle, or a square.
  • the through hole may be straight or curved along the direction between the lower surface 151 and the upper surface 152.
  • the channels 510-1 and 510-2 may be through holes extending between the lower surface 151 and the upper surface 152.
  • the first sensor 410-A1 may be assembled on the lower surface 151 covering the channel 510-1.
  • the transmission medium 460 for connecting the first sensor 410-A1 and the circuit 420 may extend from the first sensor 410-A1, pass through the channel 510-1 to a point a on the upper surface 152, and then extend from the point a to the circuit 420.
  • the first sensor 410-A2 may be assembled at a position on the lower surface 151 that has a distance from the channel 510-2.
  • the transmission medium 460 for electrically connecting the first sensor 410-A2 and the circuit 420 may extend from the first sensor 410-A2 to a point b on the lower surface 151, pass through the channel 510-2 to a point c on the upper surface 152, and then extend from the point c to the circuit 420.
  • the first layer 153-B1 of the flexible substrate 153-B may include three through holes 560-1 to 560-3 each of which extends between the lower surface 151 and a contact surface 520 between the first layer 153-B1 and the second layer 153-B2.
  • the second layer 153-B2 may include a through hole 560-4 and a through hole 560-5 each of which extends between the contact surface 520 and the upper surface 152.
  • a channel of the flexible substrate 153-B may pass through a through hole of each layer and optionally extend on the contact surface 520.
  • the channel 510-3 may pass through the through hole 560-3 and the through hole 560-5.
  • the channel 510-4 may pass through the through holes 560-1 and 560-4, and also extend on the contact surface 520 (e.g., from point a’ to point b’ as shown in FIG. 5B) .
  • the first sensor 410-A3 may be assembled on the lower surface 151 covering the through holes 560-1 and 560-2.
  • the transmission medium 460 for connecting the first sensor 410-A3 and the circuit 420 may extend from the first sensor 410-A3, pass through the through hole 560-1 to the point a’, extend from the point a’ to the point b’ on the contact surface 520, pass through the through hole 560-4 to a point c’ on the upper surface 152, and then extend from the point c’ to the circuit 420.
  • the first sensor 410-A4 may be assembled at a position on the lower surface 151 that has a distance from the through hole 560-3.
  • the transmission medium 460 for connecting the first sensor 410-A4 and the circuit 420 may extend from the first sensor 410-A4 to a point d’ on the lower surface 151, pass through the through holes 560-3 and 560-5 to a point e’ on the upper surface 152, and then extend from the point e’ to the circuit 420.
  • the button cell 580 may include an upper pad 530, a lower pad 540, and a foldable mechanism 570.
  • the lower pad 540 may be mounted on the upper surface 152 of the flexible substrate 153-A, and the button cell 580 may be assembled onto the lower pad 540.
  • the upper pad 530 may be mounted on the foldable mechanism 570.
  • the lower pad 540 and the upper pad 530 may be electrically connected with one of the anode and the cathode of the button cell 580, respectively.
  • the foldable mechanism 570 may be configured to cause the button cell 580 to exhibit a folded configuration or an un- folded configuration. Under the folded configuration as illustrated in FIG.
  • the upper pad 530 may contact the button cell 580, which establishes a connection between the anode and the cathode of the button cell 580 so that the button cell 580 may be powered on. Under the un-folded configuration, the upper pad 530 may not contact the button cell 580, and the anode and the cathode of the button cell 580 may not be connected with each other. In this situation, the button cell 580 may be powered off.
  • the foldable mechanism 570 may be attached to the upper surface 152 of the flexible substrate under the un-folded configuration.
  • FIGs. 5A and 5B are merely provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 5A and 5B are merely provided for the purposes of illustration, and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
  • multiple variations and modifications may be made under the teachings of the present disclosure.
  • those variations and modifications do not depart from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the e-skin 150-1 and/or the e-skin 150-2 may include any suitable number (count) of first sensors or other electronic components.
  • the flexible substrate 153-A and/or the flexible substrate 153-B may include any suitable number (count) of channels 510 and/or layers of the flexible substrate.
  • a first sensor may be operably coupled to the circuit 420 via a transmission medium 460 passing through any channel 510.
  • the first sensor 410-A3 may be operably coupled to the circuit 420 via a transmission medium 460 passing through the channel 510-3 of the flexible substrate 153-B.
  • the first sensor 410-A3 may be operably coupled to the circuit 420 via two transmission media 460 each of which may pass through the same channel or different channels, for example, via two transmission media 460 each of which passes the through hole 560-1 and the through hole 560-2, respectively.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a sectional view of the button cell 580 under an un-folded configuration according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the foldable mechanism 570 of the button cell 580 is denoted as dotted lines. Under the un-folded configuration, the foldable mechanism 570 may be attached to the upper surface 152 of the flexible substrate 153. The upper pad 530 mounted on the foldable mechanism 570 may be separate from the lower pad 540 mounted on the flexible substrate 153, such that the button cell 580 may be powered off. In some embodiments, the upper pad 530 and/or the lower pad 540 of the button cell 580 may be connected to one or more other components (e.g., a circuit 420) of the e-skin 150 via a power wire 610. When the foldable mechanism 570 is folded, the button cell 580 may be powered up and supply power to the other components via the power wire 610.
  • a circuit 420 e.g., a circuit 420
  • the upper pad 530 and the lower pad 540 may be assembled on any position of the button cell 580.
  • the upper pad 530 and the lower pad 540 may be assembled on the same side of the button cell 580 (e.g., a side adjacent to the upper surface 152) .
  • the anode and the cathode of the button cell may be assembled on the same side of the button cell 580 (e.g., a side adjacent to the upper surface 152) .
  • the operation state of the button cell 580 may be controlled by another mechanism other than the foldable mechanism 570, such as a switch.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating a plurality of first sensors assembled on a lower surface 151 of a flexible substrate of an e-skin 150 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the plurality of first sensors may be arranged in an array.
  • the array may include a plurality of columns of first sensors (e.g., n columns of first sensors as shown in FIG. 7A) and a plurality of rows of first sensors (e.g., m rows of first sensors as shown in FIG. 7A) .
  • Different columns or rows may include the same number (count) or different numbers (counts) of first sensors. It should be noted that the example illustrated in FIG.
  • the e-skin 150 may include any number (count) of first sensors assembled on the lower surface 151.
  • the one or more first sensors may be arranged at any position of the lower surface 151.
  • the first sensors may be of the same type of different types.
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary electrodes 700 assembled on a lower surface 151 of a flexible substrate of an e-skin 150 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an electrode 700 may be of an electrical sensor configured to detect a change of an electrical signal (e.g., a current change, a voltage change) on the user skin that may arise from, for example, a cardiac activity, a brain activity, or a muscle activity.
  • an electrical signal e.g., a current change, a voltage change
  • both the electrodes 700A and 700B may have a self-similarity structure and include a plurality of periodical units 720.
  • Each of the periodical units 720 may have the same or substantially the same shape (e.g., a curved shape) , and be electrically connected to each other.
  • the periodical units 720 may be arranged periodically to form a petal-type electrode.
  • the iteration design of the periodical units 720 may improve the stretchability of the electrode 700, allowing the electrode 700 to remain operably attached to the user skin even when the e-skin 150 or the electrode 700 is twisted, stretched, or pinched.
  • the electrode 700 may be operably coupled to one or more other components (e.g., the circuit 420) of the e-skin 150 assembled on the upper surface of the flexible substrate.
  • an exemplary transmission medium 460 may extend from the electrode 700A to a channel 710A of the flexible substrate, and go through the channel 710A to reach another component assembled on the upper surface.
  • the portion of the transmission medium 460 extending on the lower surface 151 may also have a self-similarity structure and include a plurality of periodical units 740 each of which has the same or substantially the same shape.
  • the portion of the transmission medium 460 extending into the channel 710A may have a structure that is the same as or different from the portion extending on the lower surface 151.
  • the electrode 700 may be made of an electrically conductive material
  • the electrode 700 itself may extend into a channel of the flexible substrate to establish an electrical connection between the electrode 700 and one or more other components assembled on the upper surface.
  • the electrode 700B may extend into a channel 710B of the flexible substrate.
  • the portion of the electrode 700 extending along the channel 710B may serve as a transmission medium configured to electrically connect the electrode 700B and the other component (s) .
  • the portion of the electrode 700B extended into the channel 710B may have a structure that is the same as or different from the portion of the electrode 700B extending on the lower surface 151.
  • the portion of the electrode 700B extending into the channel 710B may be configured as a wire.
  • the electrode 700 and/or the transmission medium 460 may have any self-similarity structure, for example, a von Koch curve structure, a Peano curve structure, a Hilbert curve structure, a Moore curve structure, a Vicsek fractal structure, or a Greek cross structure.
  • the structure of different electrodes 700 and/or transmission medium 460 may be the same or different.
  • the periodical unit 720 (or 740) shown in FIG. 7B is provided for illustration purposes, any other unit that appears repetitively in the electrode 700 (or the transmission medium 460) may be regarded as a periodical unit of the electrode 700 (or the transmission medium 460) .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary circuit 800 of an e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is an exemplary circuit diagram of the circuit 800 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the circuit 800 may be an example of the circuit 420 or a portion of the circuit 420.
  • the circuit 800 may be operably coupled to one or more sensors (e.g., sensors 410-1 to 410-n) and/or a communication port 440 of the e-skin.
  • the circuit 800 may receive one or more electrical signals from the sensor (s) , and be configured to generate a combined signal based on the received electrical signal (s) .
  • the combined signal may be transmitted to one or more other components of the medical system 100 via the communication port 440.
  • the communication port 440 may be an antenna that can establish a wireless connection between the e-skin and one or more other components of the medical system 100.
  • the circuit 800 may include a carrier wave generator 801, a first modulator 802, a combiner 803, and a second modulator 804.
  • the carrier wave generator 801 may be configured to generate a plurality of carrier waves. Each of the plurality of carrier waves may have a frequency. In some embodiments, different carrier waves may have different frequencies so that they can be transmitted via a single transmission medium without mutual interference.
  • the carrier wave generator 801 may include an oscillator 905 (e.g., a ring oscillator) and one or more frequency multipliers (e.g., frequency multipliers 904-1 to 904-n) .
  • the oscillator 905 may be configured to generate a reference carrier wave having a reference frequency, which may be inputted into the frequency multipliers.
  • Each of the frequency multipliers may be configured to generate a carrier wave whose frequency is a multiple of the reference frequency.
  • the frequency of a carrier wave generated by a frequency multiplier may be any multiple of the reference frequency.
  • the oscillator 905 may generate a reference carrier wave with a reference frequency of 1 kHz, and the frequency multipliers may generate a plurality of carrier waves with frequencies of 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 5 kHz, 6 kHz, etc.
  • the frequency multipliers 904-1 to 904-n may generate a carrier wave whose frequency is twice, four times, ..., and 2n times of the reference frequency, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the carrier wave generator 801 may include an oscillator and a frequency divider, which will be described in detail in connection with FIG. 10.
  • the oscillator 905 may include a harmonic oscillator (e.g., a feedback oscillator, a negative-resistance oscillator) , a relaxation oscillator (e.g., a ring oscillator) , a voltage controlled oscillator (VOC) , or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • a harmonic oscillator e.g., a feedback oscillator, a negative-resistance oscillator
  • a relaxation oscillator e.g., a ring oscillator
  • VOC voltage controlled oscillator
  • the first modulator 802 may be configured to generate one or more modulated signals corresponding to the one or more electrical signals acquired by the sensor (s) (e.g., the sensors 410-1 to 410-n) .
  • the modulated signal (s) corresponding to the electrical signal (s) may be referred to as the modulated signals.
  • the first modulator 802 may generate the one or more modulated signals by modulating each electrical signal on one of the carrier waves.
  • the first modulator 802 may modulate an electrical signal on a carrier wave based on one or more modulation techniques, such as an amplitude modulation technique, a frequency modulation technique, and/or a phase modulation technique.
  • the first modulator 802 may include one or more frequency mixers (e.g., frequency mixers 902-1 to 902-n) as shown in FIG. 9.
  • a frequency mixer may correspond to one of the sensor (s) and a frequency multiplier.
  • a frequency mixer may be configured to produce a modulated signal by mixing the electrical signal received from the corresponding sensor and the carrier wave generated by the corresponding frequency multiplier.
  • the sensors 410-1 to 410-n may acquire a plurality of ECG signals whose frequencies are within the range of 0.05 Hz ⁇ 150 Hz.
  • the frequency multipliers 904-1 to 904-n may generate a plurality of carrier waves with frequencies of 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 5 kHz, and 6 kHz.
  • the frequency mixers 902-1 to 902-n may modulate each of the ECG signals on one of the carrier waves, respectively.
  • the combiner 803 may be configured to generate a combined signal by combining the one or more modulated signals.
  • the combiner 803 may include an amplifier, a combiner (e.g., a dual-band combiner, a triple-band combiner, another multi-band combiner) , or any other device that can combine signals, or any combination thereof.
  • the combiner 803 may be an amplifier 907 as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the second modulator 804 may be configured to generate a modulated combined signal by modulating the combined signal on a carrier wave with a high frequency (e.g., a frequency greater than a frequency threshold) .
  • a high frequency e.g., a frequency greater than a frequency threshold
  • the frequency threshold may be 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 200 MHz, or the like.
  • the second modulator 804 may include a mixer 903, a frequency synthesizer 906, and an amplifier 908.
  • the frequency synthesizer 906 may be configured to generate a carrier wave with the high frequency.
  • the mixer 903 may generate the modulated combined signal by modulating the combined signal on the carrier wave with the high frequency.
  • the amplifier 908 may amplify the modulated combined signal.
  • the amplification of the modulated combined signal may enable the modulated combined signal to be more suitable for wireless transmission.
  • the second modulator 804 may include a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and an amplifier, the description of which may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure. See, e.g., FIG. 11 and the description thereof.
  • VCO voltage-controlled oscillator
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary carrier wave generator 801 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the carrier wave generator 801 may include an oscillator 905 and a frequency divider 1001.
  • the oscillator 905 may be configured to generate a reference carrier wave with a reference frequency.
  • the frequency divider 1001 may be configured to generate one or more carrier waves (e.g., a first carrier wave, a second carrier wave, ..., and a N TH carrier wave) based on the reference carrier wave.
  • the frequency of each of the carrier waves may be a fraction (e.g., 1/2, 1/10, 1/20) of the reference frequency.
  • the oscillator 905 may generate a reference carrier wave with a reference frequency of 100 kHz
  • the frequency divider 1001 may generate a plurality of carrier waves with frequencies of 10 kHz, 20 kHz, 25 kHz, and 50 kHz.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary second modulator 804 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the second modulator 804 may include a VCO 1101 and an amplifier 908.
  • the VCO 1101 may be configured to process the combined signal generated by the combiner 803 to generate a modulated combined signal with a certain frequency (e.g., a high frequency greater than a frequency threshold) .
  • the amplifier 908 may amplify the modulated combined signal.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary circuit 1200 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the circuit 1200 may be similar to the circuit 900 as described in connection with FIG. 9, except that the functions of the carrier wave generator 801 and the first modulator 802 may be implemented by one or more VOCs.
  • the circuit 1200 may include a plurality of VOCs 1201-1 to 1201-n.
  • the VOCs may be configured to generate a plurality of modulated signals corresponding to the electrical signals acquired by the sensors.
  • the modulated signals may have different frequencies.
  • Each of the VOCs may correspond to one of the sensors, and be configured to process an electrical signal generated by the corresponding sensor to generate a modulated signal having a certain frequency.
  • one or more components of the circuit 800 and/or the circuit 1200 may be omitted.
  • the second modulator 804 of the circuit 800 and/or the circuit 1200 may be omitted.
  • a component of the 800 and/or the circuit 1200 may be implemented by an electronic element other than the electronic element described above.
  • the carrier wave generator 801 may be implemented by an electronic element that can generate a plurality of carrier waves having different frequencies other than the oscillator 905, the frequency multipliers, or the frequency dividers.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary processing device 112 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the processing device 112 may include an acquisition module 1301, a determination module 1302, and a transmission module 1303.
  • the modules may be hardware circuits of at least part of the processing device 112.
  • the modules may also be implemented as an application or set of instructions read and executed by the processing device 112. Further, the modules may be any combination of the hardware circuits and the application/instructions.
  • the modules may be the part of the processing device 112 when the processing device 112 is executing the application or set of instructions.
  • the acquisition module 1301 may be configured to obtain information and/or signals related to one or more components of the medical system 100 (e.g., the user 160) .
  • the acquisition module 1301 may obtain a first electrical signal related to one or more biological parameters of the user 160 from the e-skin 150.
  • the e-skin 150 may acquire and process one or more second electrical signals related to the biological parameter (s) of the user, and generate the first electrical signal that encodes the processing result. More descriptions of the acquisition of the first electrical signal may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure. See, e.g., operation 1401 and the descriptions thereof.
  • the determination module 1302 may be configured to determine information related to the user 160 based on the first electrical signal.
  • the information may include any information showing a health condition of the user 160 or a portion of the user 160 (e.g., an organ) . More descriptions regarding the determination of the information related to the user based on the firs electrical signal may be found elsewhere in the present disclosure. See, e.g., operation 1402 and the relevant descriptions thereof.
  • the transmission module 1303 may be configured to transmit information and/or instructions to other components of the medical system 100, such as the e-skin 150 and the terminal 140. For example, the transmission module 1303 may transmit the information related to the user 160 determined by the determination module 1302 to the terminal 140 for display.
  • the processing device 112 may include a storage module configured to store data generated by the above-mentioned modules of the processing device.
  • one or more modules may be integrated into a single module to perform the functions thereof.
  • the acquisition module 1301 and the determination module 1302 may be integrated into a module to acquire and analyze information.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for determining information related to a user based on an e-skin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one or more operations of the process 1400 illustrated in FIG. 14 may be implemented in the medical system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the process 1400 illustrated in FIG. 14 may be stored in a storage device (e.g., the storage device 130, the storage 220, and/or the storage 390) in the form of instructions, and invoked and/or executed by the processing device 112.
  • a storage device e.g., the storage device 130, the storage 220, and/or the storage 390
  • the processing device 112 may receive a first electrical signal related to one or more biological parameters of a user (e.g., the user 160) from an e-skin (e.g., the e-skin 150) via a first network (e.g., the network 120) .
  • the first electrical signal may be acquired by the e-skin 150 when it is attached to the skin of the user 160.
  • the biological parameter (s) may include any parameter for measuring the body function of the user 160.
  • the e-skin 150 may include a flexible substrate 153, one or more sensors 410, a circuit 420, and/or other suitable components (e.g., a battery 430, a communication port 440, and/or an I/O component 450) .
  • Each of the sensors 410 may be configured to acquire a second electrical signal representing one of the biological parameter (s) of the user 160.
  • the circuit 420 may receive and/or process the second electrical signal (s) to generate the first electrical signal related to the biological parameter (s) of the user.
  • the first electrical signal may be transmitted to the acquisition module 1301 via, for example, the communication port 440 and the network 120.
  • the circuit 420 may perform one or more processing operations on the second electrical signal (s) , and generate the first electrical signal that encodes the processing result.
  • Exemplary processing operations may include a signal preprocessing (e.g., filtering and/or denoising) , signal analysis, signal synthesis, signal combination, signal transformation, signal modulation, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the first electrical signal may be a combined signal generated based on a plurality of second electrical signals.
  • the circuit 420 may include one or more similar components as the circuit 800 and/or the circuit 1200 to modulate and/or combine the second electrical signals.
  • the circuit 420 may include a carrier wave generator, a modulator, and a combiner.
  • the carrier may generate a plurality of carrier waves having different frequencies.
  • the modulator may generate one or more modulated signals corresponding to the one or more second electrical signals by modulating each of the one or more second electrical signals on one of the plurality of carrier waves.
  • the combiner may combine the one or more modulated signals to generate a combined signal.
  • the combine signal may be the first electrical signal or an electrical signal corresponding to the first electrical signal (e.g., an electrical signal that can be further processed (e.g., filtered) to generate the first electrical signal) .
  • the circuit 420 may analyze one or more second electrical signals, and generate the first electrical signal encoding the analyzing result.
  • the circuit 420 may process a second electrical signal representing a biological parameter acquired by a sensor 410 to determine the value of the biological parameter. The circuit 420 may then generate the first electrical signal encoding the value of the biological parameter of the user 160.
  • the circuit may transmit the one or more second electrical signals to a computing device (e.g., a server or a cloud processing device) (e.g., a processing device other than the processing device 112) for processing via a second network (e.g., the network 120) (e.g., a wireless network) .
  • a computing device e.g., a server or a cloud processing device
  • the second network and the first network may be the same network or different networks.
  • the circuit may receive a processing result of the one or more second electrical signals from the computing device via the second network.
  • the circuit may further transmit the first electrical signal encoding the processing result to the processing engine 112 via the first network.
  • the acquisition module 1301 may receive the first electrical signal from the e-skin 150 continuously or intermittently (e.g., periodically) . Additionally or alternatively, the e-skin 150 may transmit the first electrical signal to a storage device (e.g., the storage device 130, the storage 390) via the network 120 continuously or intermittently (e.g., periodically) . The acquisition module 1301 may access the storage device to retrieve the first electrical signal.
  • a storage device e.g., the storage device 130, the storage 390
  • the acquisition module 1301 may access the storage device to retrieve the first electrical signal.
  • the processing device 112 may determine information related to the user 160 based on the first electrical signal.
  • the information may include any information showing a health condition of the user 160 or a portion of the user 160 (e.g., an organ) .
  • the determination module 1302 may determine a condition of the brain of the user 160 by analyzing a first electrical signal related to an EEG parameter.
  • the determination module 1302 may receive the first electrical signal continuously or intermittently (e.g., periodically) over a period. The determination module 1302 may analyze the first electrical signal to determine a change of the health condition of the user 160 or a portion thereof.
  • the first electrical signal may be a combined signal of modulated second electrical signals.
  • the determination module 1302 may extract the modulated second electrical signals from the first electrical signal, and demodulate the modulated second electrical signals to generate the second electrical signals.
  • the determination module 1302 may further determine the information related to the user 160 based on the second electrical signals.
  • the processing device 112 may transmit the information related to the user (e.g., the user 160) to a terminal (e.g., the terminal 140) for display.
  • the processing device 112 may transmit the information related to the user 160 to the terminal 140 via the network 120.
  • the terminal 140 may display and/or output the information related to the user in the form of text, graph, audio, video, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the terminal 140 may include a user interface configured to enable a user interaction with one or more other components of the medical system 100.
  • the user interface of the terminal 140 may display information related to the user 160 received from the e-skin 150 and/or the processing engine 112.
  • Exemplary information displayed by the user interface may include a value of a biological parameter of the user 160, an analyzing result related to the condition of the user 160 (e.g., a determination as to whether the value of a biological parameter of the user 160 is within a normal region, a predicted risk that the user 160 has a certain disease, a treatment suggestion regarding the user 160) , or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the user interface may receive information and/or an instruction inputted by the user 160.
  • the instruction may be used to set and/or change an operating mode and/or an operating parameter of the e-skin 150.
  • the user 160 may input an instruction to the e-skin 150 to increase the frequency of acquiring the blood glucose level in response to an analyzing result that the blood glucose level of the user 160 exceeds a normal range.
  • the instruction may be used to control the type of information displayed by the terminal 140 and/or the way of information displaying.
  • the circuit 420 may transmit one or more second electrical signals acquired by one or more sensor (s) 410 to the acquisition module 1301 without processing the second electrical signal (s) .
  • one or more sensors 410 of the e-skin 150 may directly transmit one or more second electrical signals to the acquisition module 1301.
  • the process 1400 may include one or more additional operations, and/or one or more operations of the process 1400 mentioned above may be omitted. For example, operation 1403 may be omitted.
  • the processing device 112 may receive a plurality of first electrical signals related to the one or more biological parameters of the user 160 from a plurality of e-skins 150 attached on the user 160.
  • the plurality of e-skins 150 may be configured to measure at least one of the one or more biological parameters of the user 160.
  • the process 1400 may be performed for a plurality of users 160 simultaneously.
  • an e-skin 150 may be attached to each of the plurality of users 160.
  • the processing device 112 may receive a first electrical signal related to one or more biological parameters of the user 160 from the corresponding e-skin 150.
  • the processing device 120 may determine information related to each of the users 160 based on the corresponding first electrical signal, and transmit the information related to the user 160 to a terminal for display.
  • aspects of the present disclosure may be illustrated and described herein in any of a number of patentable classes or context including any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof. Accordingly, aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc. ) or combining software and hardware implementation that may all generally be referred to herein as a “module, ” “unit, ” “component, ” “device, ” or “system. ” Furthermore, aspects of the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer readable media having computer readable program code embodied thereon.
  • a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including electro-magnetic, optical, or the like, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • a computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that may communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • Program code embodied on a computer readable signal medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, or the like, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
  • Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Scala, Smalltalk, Eiffel, JADE, Emerald, C++, C#, VB. NET, Python or the like, conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language, Visual Basic, Fortran 2003, Perl, COBOL 2002, PHP, ABAP, dynamic programming languages such as Python, Ruby and Groovy, or other programming languages.
  • the program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) , or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider) or in a cloud computing environment or offered as a service such as a Software as a Service (SaaS) .
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • SaaS Software as a Service

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une peau électronique (150). La peau électronique (150) peut comprendre un substrat souple (153), un ou plusieurs capteurs (410) et un circuit (420). Le substrat souple (153) peut présenter une surface supérieure (152), une surface inférieure (151) opposée à la surface supérieure (152), et un canal s'étendant entre la surface supérieure (152) et la surface inférieure (151). La surface inférieure (151) du substrat souple (153) peut être fixée à la peau d'un sujet. Lesdits capteurs (410) peuvent chacun être configurés pour acquérir un signal électrique représentant un paramètre biologique du sujet. Lesdits capteurs (410) peuvent comprendre au moins un premier capteur monté sur la surface inférieure (151) du substrat souple (153). Le circuit (420) peut être monté sur la surface supérieure (152) du substrat souple (153) et couplé fonctionnellement auxdits capteurs (410). Le circuit (420) peut être configuré pour recevoir lesdits signaux électriques provenant desdits capteurs (410) par l'intermédiaire d'un support d'émission passant à travers le canal du substrat souple (153).
PCT/CN2018/120822 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés de surveillance d'un utilisateur à l'aide d'une peau électronique WO2020118598A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

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CN201880100656.7A CN113543698A (zh) 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 利用电子皮肤的用户监测的装置、系统和方法
EP18942892.3A EP3893738A4 (fr) 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés de surveillance d'un utilisateur à l'aide d'une peau électronique
PCT/CN2018/120822 WO2020118598A1 (fr) 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés de surveillance d'un utilisateur à l'aide d'une peau électronique

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