WO2020114163A1 - 一种山地果树种植系统及种植方法 - Google Patents

一种山地果树种植系统及种植方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020114163A1
WO2020114163A1 PCT/CN2019/115097 CN2019115097W WO2020114163A1 WO 2020114163 A1 WO2020114163 A1 WO 2020114163A1 CN 2019115097 W CN2019115097 W CN 2019115097W WO 2020114163 A1 WO2020114163 A1 WO 2020114163A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
horizontal
rail
tractor
mountain
trolley
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/115097
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴平忠
月德
Original Assignee
龙南县格林庭园用品有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 龙南县格林庭园用品有限公司 filed Critical 龙南县格林庭园用品有限公司
Priority to ZA2019/08036A priority Critical patent/ZA201908036B/en
Publication of WO2020114163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020114163A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of citrus fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a mountain fruit tree cultivation system and method
  • Yellow dragon disease is a "cancer" in the cultivation of citrus fruit trees. There is currently no medicine in the world. The extremely infectious nature is coupled with devastating hazards, making it a huge shadow in the hearts of citrus growers. . Unfortunately, citrus fruit trees infected with yellow dragon disease are characterized by mottled yellowing of the leaves, malformation of the fruit and immaturity, bitter taste, and serious until fruit drop, and finally lead to the decline of the tree until the leaves are completely yellow flowers, fallen leaves, and orange trees. The destruction of all citrus orchards in the affected area caused serious losses to the fruit farmers.
  • Psyllids are the only insect vector that spreads yellow dragon disease. Carrying wood psyllids bite the young shoots for more than 2 hours and can spread the virus. After ingesting the plant juice of the plant infected with yellow dragon disease, it is more harmful to plants not infected with yellow dragon disease and spreads the bacteria.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a mountain fruit tree planting system and planting method, use environmentally friendly physical methods to prevent and control citrus fruit tree yellow dragon disease, and cover the orchard in an insect net , Isolate the external spread of wood lice, can effectively prevent and control Huanglongbing, and because there is no spread of external pests and diseases, it can greatly reduce the use of pesticides or pesticides or basically do not use pesticides and pesticides. At the same time, you can not use herbicides. Manual weeding saves production costs, saves labor, and helps protect the ecological environment. [0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention uses the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a mountain fruit tree planting system, characterized in that: the mountain fruit tree planting system includes an insect-proof net, a grass-proof cloth, and a mountain rail transportation system, the insect-proof net covers the upper and surrounding of the orchard; The anti-weed cloth is covered on the ground of the orchard, the mountain rail transportation system is provided with horizontal rails laterally in the orchard, and a trolley that can walk on the horizontal rail is also provided, and the mountain rail transportation system includes a ramp rail and a tractor , The tractor is provided with a horizontal hanger whose bottom is kept horizontal.
  • the insect-proof net is a light-permeable mesh cloth, and a reflective silver thread is woven on the surface of the light-permeable mesh cloth.
  • the reflective silver wires are distributed in a lattice shape on the light-permeable mesh cloth.
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system further includes a support frame that supports the insect-proof net, the support frame is a hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, and the top of the hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is distributed in a shape of “meter”.
  • the steel wire or steel hinge wire for holding the insect net is fixed, and the top of the steel pipe is covered with a plastic cap for preventing damage to the insect net.
  • a trolley accommodating device is provided on the bottom of the horizontal hanger, the trolley accommodating device is a horizontal short rail provided on the bottom of the horizontal hanger, and the cross-sectional shape and size of the horizontal short rail
  • the cross-sectional shape and size of the horizontal rail are the same, the horizontal rail and the horizontal short rail are matched with the wheels of the trolley;
  • the trolley accommodating device and the horizontal rail can be connected by a positioning device;
  • the positioning device includes two corresponding to two horizontal rails Connecting connecting shafts, the horizontal short rails are hollow pipes; two of the connecting shafts can be plugged into two horizontal short rails, the diameter of the connecting shaft is less than or equal to the diameter of the horizontal rails; the connecting shaft is provided at the end There is a tapered guide mechanism.
  • the positioning structure further includes two first crossbars and second crossbars fixedly connected perpendicularly to the connecting shaft; the positioning structure further includes a positioning plate, a positioning plate A slider fixed on the positioning plate is arranged on the positioning structure, the positioning structure further comprises a sliding rod arranged between the two connecting shafts and parallel to the axis direction of the connecting shaft, and one end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the first horizontal rod to slide
  • the rod passes through the slider and can slide with the slider, the other end of the slider is hinged with one end of the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is pivotally connected to one side of the push rod, and the push rod is connected to the positioning plate Articulated;
  • the slider is fixed at one end away from the ramp track to the end of the spring, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the second crossbar; when the trolley is pushed in the direction of the tractor, the trolley pushes the push rod to rotate in the direction of the tractor, and the push rod drives Connecting rod,
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system is provided with a drive system, the drive system drives the tractor to walk on the slope track;
  • the horizontal hanger includes a horizontal frame, a vertical to the slope track A horizontal rotating shaft and two balancing plates, bearing supports are provided at both ends of the rotating shaft, the upper end of the balancing plate and the rotating shaft are hinged through the bearing housing, the balancing plate is an equilateral triangle, and the bottom end is a triangular bottom, the balancing plate
  • the bottom end of the horizontal frame is fixedly connected with the side edge above the horizontal frame;
  • the bottom of the horizontal frame is provided with a pulley, the top of the inner bottom of the tractor is provided with a U-shaped slide rail, and the trajectory direction of the U-shaped slide rail is the horizontal frame back and forth shaking
  • the pulley is on the U-shaped slide rail and can slide on the U-shaped
  • a fruit tree planting method using the aforementioned mountain fruit tree planting system is characterized in that: a slope track is laid in orchards of orchards, and according to the arrangement of fruit trees in the orchard, a horizontal track is laid in the orchard, and the horizontal track is oriented A positioning structure is provided at one end of the slope track, and fertilizer and planting tools are transported through the mountain track transportation system, planting fruit trees, applying fertilizer, supporting the support frame in the orchard, and covering the support frame with an insect net, the insect net is inserted A light-transmissive mesh cloth with reflective silver wire, an insect-proof net surrounding the periphery of the orchard; a grass-proof cloth is spread on the ground of the orchard.
  • N groups ⁇ N is a natural number ⁇ horizontal rails are set in the orchard, a sensor is provided on each group of horizontal rails near the slope track, and a sensor plate and a sensor are provided on the trolley After the sensor on the Nth group of horizontal rails senses the signal of the sensor on the trolley, it sends the Nth group of horizontal rail trolley arrival signals to the control system of the mountain rail transportation system, and the signal receiver of the control system receives After the trolley arrival signal sent by the sensor, it issues a command to the drive system.
  • the drive system drives the tractor to the position corresponding to the Nth group of horizontal rails, then stops, pushes the trolley in the direction of the tractor, and the positioning device moves the horizontal rail Connected to the horizontal short rail in the tractor, the trolley leaves the positioning structure after entering the tractor, the elastic force of the spring pushes the second crossbar away from the tractor, the positioning mechanism returns to its original position; the driving mechanism drives the tractor to transport things in the trolley .
  • the control system controls the tractor to stop at the corresponding In the horizontal rail position, manually push the positioning device with the foot to insert the horizontal short rail, and then pull the trolley out of the tractor to the horizontal rail.
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system provided by the present invention is provided with an insect-proof net, which can prevent pests such as psyllids that produce yellow dragon disease from entering the fruit tree, and effectively prevent the occurrence of yellow dragon disease; covering the ground of the orchard with a grass-proof cloth can both prevent pests from drilling Putting eggs into the tree tray underground can also prevent hatching larvae from drilling out of the soil to damage citrus fruit trees, and can prevent the growth of weeds under the tree to affect the growth of citrus fruit trees.
  • the fruit tree planting system can allow the car to transport fruits or produce tools. Keep the level, the rail car is not easy to tilt backwards when going up and down, to prevent the fruit from being scattered and damaged, which brings convenience to farmers and improves the transportation efficiency.
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system and planting method provided by the present invention enclose the orchard in an insect-proof net containing a reflective silver thread to prevent the entry of wood lice that cause Huanglong disease, disinfect and sterilize, and effectively prevent and control Huanglong disease.
  • Insect nets woven with reflective silver threads will sparkle under sunlight, and can deter many light-protecting pests from approaching, which can effectively reduce the number of insect eggs or insect mouths, while the anti-insect nets that distribute reflective silver threads can Balanced reflection and proper shading can make the fruit grow stably and evenly.
  • the reflective silver wire is distributed in a lattice shape on the light-transmittable mesh cloth, which can more effectively prevent the pests such as wood lice from approaching from all directions, and effectively prevent yellow dragon disease.
  • the cross-sectional shape and size of the horizontal short rail are the same as the cross-sectional shape and size of the horizontal rail, the horizontal rail and the horizontal short rail are matched with the wheel of the trolley; the trolley accommodating device and the horizontal rail can be connected by a positioning device .
  • the horizontal rail and the horizontal short rail are easy to connect, and the trolley can propel the tractor easily and easily.
  • the two connecting shafts can be inserted into two horizontal short rails.
  • the connection between the horizontal rail and the horizontal short rail is simple and convenient.
  • the connecting shaft is provided with a tapered guide mechanism at the end to further increase the simplicity of the connection.
  • the control system controls the tractor to stop at the corresponding horizontal rail position, manually pushes the positioning device with the foot to insert the horizontal short rail, and then pulls the cart out of the tractor to the horizontal rail.
  • the operation is simple and convenient.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mountain fruit tree planting system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an insect-proof net of a mountain fruit tree planting system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a mountain rail transportation system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a trolley and a positioning device in a horizontal rail of a mountain rail transportation system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning device of a mountain rail transportation system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a tractor and a horizontal hanger in a mountain rail transportation system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another direction of a tractor and a horizontal hanger in a mountain rail transportation system provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system includes an insect-proof net 15, a grass-proof cloth 17, and a mountain rail transportation system that can cover fruit trees ,
  • the insect-proof net 15 covers the upper and surrounding of the orchard;
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system is also covered with grass-proof cloth 17 on the orchard ground;
  • the mountain rail transportation system is provided with horizontal rails 4 horizontally in the orchard, and is also provided with A trolley 5 walking on a horizontal rail.
  • the mountain rail transportation system includes a ramp rail 1, a tractor 2, and the tractor 2 is provided with a horizontal hanger whose bottom is kept horizontal.
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system provided by the present invention is provided with an insect-proof net 15, which can prevent insect pests such as psyllids producing yellow dragon disease from entering the fruit tree 16, and effectively prevent the production of yellow dragon disease Covering the ground with orchard 17 on the orchard can not only prevent pests from drilling into the tree tray to lay eggs under the ground, but also prevent hatching larvae from drilling out of the soil to damage the fruit tree 16, and also prevent the growth of weeds under the tree.
  • the fruit tree planting system can keep the car level when transporting fruit or production tools, and the rail car is not easy to tilt backwards when going up and down, preventing the fruit from being scattered and damaged, which brings convenience to farmers and improves the transportation efficiency.
  • Insect nets can directly cover one or several trees, and can also cover dozens or hundreds of trees at a time, and can even cover an orchard with a large insect net to prevent wood lice, etc. on and around the orchard.
  • the spread and infestation of insect pests can effectively prevent the occurrence of Huanglong disease with low cost and simple means.
  • the insect-proof net 15 is a light-permeable mesh cloth, and a reflective silver wire 18 is interwoven between the surface of the light-permeable mesh cloth.
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system provided by the present invention encloses the orchard in an insect-proof net 15 containing a reflective silver wire 18, prevents entry of wood lice causing yellow dragon disease, disinfects and sterilizes, and effectively prevents and controls yellow dragon disease.
  • the insect-proof net 15 woven with the reflective silver wire 18 will sparkle under sunlight, which can deter many kinds of insects with light-shielding property from approaching, which can effectively reduce the number of insect eggs or insect mouths, and simultaneously distribute the insect-proof net 15 with the reflective silver wire 18 It can balance the reflection and proper shading, which can make the fruit grow stably and evenly.
  • the reflective silver wires 18 are distributed in a lattice shape on the light-permeable mesh cloth.
  • the reflective silver wire 18 is distributed in a lattice shape on the light-transmittable mesh cloth, which can more effectively prevent pests such as psyllids from approaching each other, and effectively prevent yellow dragon disease.
  • the reflective silver wire 18 may be an aluminum-coated silver wire, or may be wound silver wire or other silver wire, or other silver-colored wire.
  • the mountain fruit tree planting system further includes a support frame supporting the insect-proof net 15, the support frame is a hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, the top of the hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is in the shape of "meter"
  • a steel wire or a steel hinge wire for supporting the insect-proof net 15 is distributed and fixed, and the top of the steel pipe is covered with a plastic cap for preventing damage to the insect-proof net 15.
  • the support frame can make the insect net 15 stronger, the space between the insect net 15 and the fruit tree can be controlled at the optimal position, which is conducive to the growth of the fruit tree.
  • the hot-dip galvanized steel pipe material is anti-rust, and the same width can be used as long as the forming angle is changed
  • the steel strips of various calibers are easy to adjust. It can be bent continuously, so the fixed length of the steel pipe is not limited, and the length can be arbitrarily set. Easy to change the size, suitable for the production of small batches and multiple varieties of spiral tubes.
  • the weld seam of the hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is longer than that of the straight seam pipe of the same specification. Under the wall thickness of the same specification, the pressure of the hot-dip galvanized steel pipe is greater.
  • the insect-proof net 15 and the supporting frame can be well protected against wind and strong, and can also effectively prevent entry of pests such as wood lice in harsh environments, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of yellow dragon disease. Because of its high strength and robustness, such insect nets 15 and supporting frames can be used repeatedly. Save costs.
  • the anti-weed cloth 17 is woven with warp and weft of plastic yarn, and is laid on the ground to prevent weeds and insects.
  • This kind of anti-weed cloth 17 can prevent insects and weeds, and does not delay the absorption of nutrients and healthy growth of fruit trees. It can not only prevent pests from drilling into the tree plate to lay eggs, but also prevent hatching larvae from drilling out of the soil to damage fruit trees. Weeds growing under the tree affect the growth of fruit trees, and can be used repeatedly.
  • the grass-proof cloth 17 and the insect-proof net 15 are connected, or the grass-proof cloth 17, the insect-proof net 15 and the support frame are directly or indirectly connected to each other.
  • the grass-proof cloth 17 and the insect-proof net 15 can be directly connected by a rope or a steel wire.
  • a plastic frame can also be provided around the grass-proof cloth 17 with a connection hole.
  • the grass-proof cloth 17 and the insect-proof net 15 are respectively connected to the plastic frame.
  • the straw cloth 17, the insect net 15, and the plastic frame together form an insect-proof space, which prevents the entry of plant lice and other insect pests from all directions, and effectively prevents the occurrence of yellow dragon disease.
  • the planting method for preventing and controlling yellow dragon disease of citrus fruit trees is provided with an insect net 15, which can prevent insect pests such as psyllids that produce yellow dragon disease from entering the fruit tree, and effectively prevent the occurrence of yellow dragon disease; It can not only prevent pests from drilling into the tree tray to lay eggs, but also prevent hatching larvae from drilling out of the soil to damage fruit trees. It can also prevent the growth of weeds under the tree from affecting the growth of fruit trees.
  • the support frame includes a column and a steel wire or steel strand fixed on the column and a plastic cap covering the top of the column.
  • a steel wire or a steel strand is provided on the upright to fix the insect net 15 firmly, and a plastic cap is placed on the top of the upright to better fix the insect net 15, which also makes the fixing frame and the insect net 15 safer.
  • the mountain track transportation system in the mountain fruit tree planting system disclosed by the present invention includes a ramp track 1, a tractor 2, the tractor 2 is provided with a horizontal hanger whose bottom is kept horizontal; the mountain track transportation system is provided with a drive System, the driving system drives the tractor 2 to walk on the slope rail 1; the mountain rail transportation system further includes a horizontal rail 4 and a trolley 5 that can walk on the horizontal rail 4, a trolley is provided on the bottom of the horizontal hanger Device, the horizontal rail 4 is provided with a positioning device 6 that can be connected to the trolley receiving device.
  • the mountain rail transportation system provided by the present invention keeps the vehicle level and solves the problems of the prior art, The rail car no longer leans backwards in the process of going up and down to prevent the fruit from being scattered and damaged, which brings convenience to farmers and improves transportation efficiency.
  • the mountain transportation system according to the present invention can be driven by a motor and walk on the track by a steel rope traction tractor, which can adapt to the transportation requirements of sloped mountains, hills and other terrain, improve transportation efficiency and mechanize and save labor in mountain orchard management ⁇ Degree.
  • the drive system includes a motor, a reducer, a drum, and a rope arranging device.
  • the tractor includes a frame, a walking mechanism, and other components.
  • the track is made by welding two circular steel pipes with supporting columns and beams. The supporting columns can be adjusted in height according to the terrain, which can reduce the terrain requirements of the track laying.
  • the driving traction device is located above or below the track.
  • the motor transmits power to the cargo transport vehicle through the coupling, electromagnetic brake, speed reducer, drum and wire rope.
  • the traction vehicle realizes the upward movement through the traction force of the wire rope.
  • the motor reverses when descending and relies on traction Car weight and cargo weight are completed. When the tractor is working, you can control the motor forward, reverse and stop in real time through the remote control to achieve the tractor up, down and stop actions.
  • the trolley accommodating device is a horizontal short rail 10 provided on the bottom of the horizontal hanger, the horizontal short rail 10
  • the cross-sectional shape and size of the horizontal rail 4 and the horizontal rail 4 are the same.
  • the horizontal rail 4 and the horizontal short rail 10 match the wheels of the trolley 5 ; the trolley accommodating device and the horizontal rail 4 can be connected by the positioning device 6.
  • the positioning device 6 includes two connecting shafts 65 corresponding to two horizontal rails 4, the horizontal short rail 10 is a hollow pipe; two of the connecting shafts 65 can Plugged into two horizontal short rails 10, the diameter of the connecting shaft 65 is less than or equal to the diameter of the horizontal rail 4.
  • the connecting shaft 65 is provided with a tapered guide mechanism 651 at the end.
  • the guide mechanism 651 may be a conical pointed structure or a circular platform structure.
  • the two connecting shafts 65 can be inserted into two horizontal short rails 10, and the connection between the horizontal rail 4 and the horizontal short rail 10 is simple and convenient.
  • the connecting shaft 65 is provided with a tapered guide mechanism 651 at the end.
  • the connection is simple and easy.
  • the connection shaft 65 and the horizontal rail 4 can also be connected through a plug connection.
  • the connection shaft 65 is inserted into the horizontal rail 4.
  • the connection method is simple, and the installation and disassembly are easy.
  • the positioning structure further includes two first crossbars 61 and second crossbars 62 fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 65 vertically; the positioning structure further includes a positioning plate 63.
  • the positioning plate 63 is provided with a slider 64 fixed on the positioning plate 63.
  • the positioning structure further includes a sliding rod 69 disposed between the two connecting shafts 65 and parallel to the axis direction of the connecting shaft 65.
  • the sliding rod 69 One end is fixedly connected to the first crossbar 61 Then, the sliding rod 69 passes through the slider 64 and can slide with the slider 64, the other end of the sliding rod 69 is hinged with one end of the connecting rod 66, and the other end of the connecting rod 66 is pivoted with one side of the push rod 67 Shaft connection, the push rod 67 is hinged with the positioning plate 63; the slider 64 is fixedly connected to one end of the spring 68 on the side away from the ramp track 1, and the other end of the spring 68 is fixedly connected to the second cross bar 62;
  • the tractor 2 When the tractor 2 is pushed in the direction of 2, the trolley 5 pushes the push rod 67 to rotate in the direction of the tractor 2, that is, when the trolley 5 rotates in the direction of advance of the trolley 5, the push rod 67 drives the connecting rod to press down and move forward, and the connecting rod pushes the sliding rod 69 toward traction
  • the vehicle 2 moves in the direction, so that the first crossbar 61 and the connecting
  • the positioning structure of the present invention has a simple structure, low cost, and is easy to use.
  • the trolley 5 When the trolley 5 is directly pushed in the direction of the tractor 2, the trolley 5 automatically pushes the push rod 67, driving a simple slide rod 69, slider 64, connecting shaft 65, etc. , So that the horizontal rail 4 and the horizontal short rail 10 are connected, so that the trolley 5 smoothly advances the trolley accommodating device in the tractor 2; when the trolley 5 pushes through the connecting structure, the spring 68 is compressed, and after the trolley 5 enters the trolley accommodating device, the spring 68 springs Automatically rebound the positioning structure.
  • the structure is simple, the degree of automation is high, saving manpower and material resources.
  • the spring 68 includes a first spring 68 and a second spring 68, the first spring 68 and the second spring 68 are located on both sides of the sliding rod 69, the first spring One end of the 68 and the second spring 68 is connected to the slider 64, and the other ends of the first and second springs 68 and 68 are connected to the second cross bar 62.
  • the first and second springs 68 and 68 can be selected to have the same specifications , Easy to manufacture and replace.
  • the horizontal hanger includes a horizontal frame 3, a horizontal rotating shaft 8 perpendicular to the ramp track 1, two balance plates 9, two sides of the rotating shaft 8 are respectively The two sides of the upper surface of the tractor 2 are rotatably connected.
  • Bearing ends 7 are provided at both ends of the rotating shaft 8.
  • the upper end of the balance plate 9 and the rotating shaft 8 are hinged through the bearing housing 7.
  • the lower end of the balancing plate 9 is above the horizontal frame 3.
  • the side edges are fixedly connected.
  • the balance plate 9 is an equilateral triangle, and the bottom end is a triangle bottom.
  • the bottom end of the balance plate 9 is fixedly connected to the side edge on the horizontal frame 3.
  • the center of gravity of the balance plate 9 and the center of the base of the equilateral triangle have a downward vertical force under the action of gravity, so that the lower end of the balance plate 9 and the horizontal frame 3 substantially maintain the horizontal direction.
  • the rotating shaft 8, the balance plate 9 and the bearing seat 7 ensure that the horizontal frame 3 keeps the basic level straight, preventing the fruit and other materials from being placed in the water
  • the tilt in the flat frame 3 effectively prevents the material from falling.
  • a pulley 12 is provided in the middle of the bottom of the horizontal frame 3, a U-shaped slide rail 13 is provided above the inner bottom of the tractor 2, and the track direction of the U-shaped slide rail 13 is horizontal
  • the pulley 12 is on the U-shaped slide rail 13 and can slide on the U-shaped slide rail 13.
  • the cooperation of the pulley 12 and the U-shaped slide rail 13 can prevent the front and back of the horizontal hanger from shaking too much, and can also prevent the trolley 5 from moving about.
  • the U-shaped slide rail 13 is shorter in the direction of the tractor 2 going up the mountain than the lower rear part, which can keep the horizontal frame 3 relatively stable with a suitable saving length, and prevent the horizontal frame 3 from excessively shaking.
  • N groups ⁇ N is a natural number ⁇ horizontal rails 4 are set in the orchard, a sensor is provided on each group of horizontal rails 4 near the slope rail 1, and a sensor is provided on the trolley 5 Chip and the switch corresponding to the sensor chip, after the sensor on the Nth group horizontal rail 4 senses the sensor chip signal on the trolley 5, it sends the N group horizontal rail 4 trolley 5 in place signal to the control system of the mountain rail transportation system, After the signal receiver of the control system receives the trolley 5 in-position signal from the sensor, it issues a command to the drive system. The drive system drives the tractor 2 to the position corresponding to the Nth group of horizontal rails 4 and then stops. Tractor 2 According to the horizontal rail 4, the trolley 5 needs to reach the transportation site, it can automatically and effectively use the rail transportation system to transport fruits and other materials, reduce idling, improve transportation efficiency, and reduce transportation costs.
  • the mountain track transportation system in the mountain fruit tree planting system disclosed by the present invention as a whole transportation system saves manpower, can solve the problem of transporting agricultural products and fertilizers in the mountains, and can also prevent fruits and the like from being scattered or shaken and collided.
  • the mountain track transportation system is provided with a ramp track 1, a tractor 2, and a driving mechanism that drives the tractor 2 to move up and down.
  • the driving structure may be a power system drive pulley 12 to drive the steel wire rope 11, the steel wire rope 1 1 pulls the tractor 2 to move along the rail, the ramp rail 1 Spread from the bottom of the mountain to the mountain, according to the farmer's production and transportation needs to set up a number of horizontal rails 4 in the orchards or gardens on the mountain.
  • the farmers pick the fruits and install them in the trolley 5 they can move the trolley 5 along the horizontal rail 4 to the ramp rail 1 Nearby, after the sensor on the horizontal rail 4 senses the sensor piece signal on the trolley 5, the Nth horizontal rail 4 trolley 5 in place signal is sent to the control system of the mountain rail transportation system, and the signal receiver of the control system receives the sensor After the trolley 5 is in place, it sends a command to the drive system.
  • the drive system drives the tractor 2 to the position corresponding to the Nth group of horizontal rails 4 and then stops. The tractor 2 will generally vibrate after it stops.
  • the trolley 5 pushes the push rod 67 to rotate in the direction of the tractor 2, that is, toward the direction of the trolley 5 During the rotation, the push rod 67 drives the connecting rod to move forward, and the connecting rod pushes the sliding rod 69 to move in the direction of the tractor 2, so that the first cross bar 61 and the connecting shaft 65 move in the direction of the tractor 2, and the connecting shaft 65 is inserted Horizontal short rail 10, so that the horizontal short rail 10 and the horizontal rail 4 are connected; the trolley 5 enters the tractor 2 and leaves the positioning structure, the spring 68 because the second cross bar 62 moves toward the tractor 2 when the trolley 5 moves in the direction of the tractor 2 The movement in the direction is compressed, thereby generating an elastic force.
  • the elastic force of the spring 68 pushes the second cross bar 62 to move away from the tractor 2 and the positioning mechanism returns to the original position.
  • the trolley 5 After the trolley 5 enters the horizontal hanger of the tractor 2, it is transported to the required place with the tractor 2. During the transportation process, the horizontal hanger has been kept basically horizontal, so that the trolley 5 can also be smoothly transported to the required place.
  • a remote controller may also be set to remotely control the tractor 2 to a designated location.
  • the remote control transport vehicle When the transport vehicle transports materials to the mountain or by-passes the empty trolley 5, when it needs to transport materials to which set of horizontal rails 4 or which set of horizontal rails 4 needs empty trolleys 5 , the remote control transport vehicle is parked next to the corresponding rail for manual use The foot pushes the positioning device 6 to insert the horizontal short rail 10 of the horizontal hanger. After the horizontal short rail 10 and the horizontal rail 4 are connected by the positioning device 6, the trolley 5 is pulled out of the tractor 2 onto the horizontal rail 4.
  • the tractor 2 or/and the cart 5 is provided with an anti-shedding device 14;
  • the anti-shedding device 14 includes a fixed to the tractor 2 Or/and the hook on the side edge of the trolley 5 and the steel rope, steel rod, rope, belt, rattan or cloth strip surrounding one or more surfaces around the tractor 2 or/and the trolley 5.
  • the mountain track transportation system in the mountain fruit tree planting system disclosed by the present invention can be used to transport fruits, fertilizers, tools and other agricultural products or agricultural production materials in orchards with complex terrain slopes.
  • the transportation capacity of the up and down slopes is large, and the crawling slope is 0 degrees to 75 degrees Both can keep the goods of different slopes in operation in a horizontal state all the time. Combined with the transportation of the horizontal rail 4, it is convenient for the transportation of the orchard.

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Abstract

一种山地果树种植系统，包括防虫网（15）、防草布（17）、山地轨道运输系统，所述防虫网（15）罩住果园的上面和四周；所述防草布（17）铺盖在果园地面上，所述山地轨道运输系统在果园里横向设置水平轨道（4），还设置有可在所述水平轨道（4）上行走的小车（5），所述山地轨道运输系统包括斜坡轨道（1）、牵引车（2），所述牵引车设置有底部保持水平的水平吊架。该种植系统可有效防止黄龙病的产生，防止运送过程中水果洒落和破损，提高了运输效率。还公开了一种山地果树种植方法。

Description

一种山地果树种植系统及种植方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及柑橘类果树种植领域， 尤其涉及一种山地果树种植系统及种植方法 背景技术
[0002] 黄龙病， 是柑橘类果树栽培上的”癌症”， 在世界上目前尚无药可医， 极强的传 染性配上毁灭性的危害， 使之成为广大柑橘种植者心中的巨大阴影。 不幸感染 黄龙病的柑橘类果树， 表现为叶片斑驳黄化、 果实畸形及不能成熟、 味苦、 严 重的直至落果， 最后导致树势衰败至叶片完全黄花、 落叶、 橘树全株死亡， 会 导致病区内的所有柑橘类果园毁灭， 给果农造成严重的损失。
[0003] 木虱是黄龙病传播的唯一昆虫媒介， 携菌木虱叮咬嫩梢 2小时以上能够传毒， 在其摄食黄龙病感染的植株汁液后更为害未感染黄龙病的植株并传播病菌。
[0004] 5见有的防控黄龙病的方法主要是采用大量多次喷洒农药等化学药物， 但是多年 来防控效果并不理想， 木虱的抗药性越来越强， 用化学药物防控效果会越来越 差， 而且化学药物污染环境， 增加水果农药残留。 对于山地种植果树， 就有更 多的难题。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 为了克服现有技术的缺陷， 本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提出一种山地果树 种植系统及种植方法， 用环保的物理方法防控柑橘类果树黄龙病， 把果园罩在 防虫网里， 隔绝木虱外来传播， 能有效防控黄龙病， 并且由于没有外来病虫害 的传播为害， 可以大幅度减少使用农药杀虫剂或基本不使用农药杀虫剂， 同时 可以不用再打除草剂， 不用人工除草， 节约生产成本节约劳力， 有利于保护生 态环境。 [0006] 为达此目的， 本发明采用以下技术方案：
[0007] 本发明提供的一种山地果树种植系统， 其特征在于： 所述山地果树种植系统包 括防虫网、 防草布、 山地轨道运输系统， 所述防虫网罩住果园的上面和四周； 所述防草布铺盖在果园地面上， 所述山地轨道运输系统在果园里横向设置水平 轨道， 还设置有可在所述水平轨道上行走的小车， 所述山地轨道运输系统包括 斜坡轨道、 牵引车， 所述牵引车设置有底部保持水平的水平吊架。
[0008] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述防虫网为可透光网布， 在所述可透光网布表面间 隔编织有反射银线。
[0009] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述反射银线在可透光网布上呈格子形分布。
[0010] 为本发明的一种改进， 所述山地果树种植系统还包括支撑所述防虫网的支撑架 ， 所述支撑架为热镀锌钢管， 热镀锌钢管的顶部呈“米”字形分布固定有用于托 置防虫网的钢丝或钢铰线， 钢管的顶端加盖有用于防止损坏防虫网的塑料帽。
[0011] 为本发明的一种改进， 水平吊架的底部上设置有小车容纳装置， 小车容纳装置 为设置在水平吊架底部上的水平短轨， 所述水平短轨的横截面形状、 尺寸和水 平轨道的横截面形状、 尺寸相同， 所述水平轨道、 水平短轨与小车车轮相匹配 ; 小车容纳装置和水平轨道能通过定位装置连接； 所述定位装置包括两个与两 根水平轨道对应连接的连接轴， 所述水平短轨为空心管道； 两个所述连接轴能 与两条水平短轨相插接， 连接轴直径小于或等于水平轨道的直径； 所述连接轴 在端部设置有锥形的导向机构。
[0012] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述定位结构还包括两根与所述连接轴垂直固定连接 的第一横杆和第二横杆； 所述定位结构还包括一定位板， 定位板上设置固定在 定位板上的滑块， 所述定位结构还包括设置在两根连接轴之间与连接轴轴线方 向平行的滑杆， 所述滑杆的一端与第一横杆固定连接， 滑杆穿过滑块， 并与滑 块能相互滑动， 所述滑杆的另一端与连接杆的一端铰接， 连接杆的另一端与推 杆的一侧枢轴连接， 所述推杆与定位板铰接； 滑块在远离斜坡轨道的一侧固定 连接弹簧的一端， 弹簧的另一端与第二横杆固定连接； 小车往牵引车方向推动 时， 小车推动推杆向牵引车方向旋转， 推杆带动连杆， 连杆推动滑杆往牵引车 方向运动， 从而第一横杆以及连接轴往牵引车方向移动， 连接轴插入水平短轨 ， 水平短轨和水平轨道连接； 小车进入到牵引车后离开定位结构， 弹簧的弹力 推动第二横杆往远离牵引车方向运动， 定位机构回复原位； 所述弹簧包括第一 弹簧和第二弹簧， 第一弹簧和第二弹簧分别位于滑杆两侧， 第一弹簧和第二弹 簧的一端连接在滑块上， 第一弹簧和第二弹簧的另一端连接在第二横杆上。
[0013] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述山地果树种植系统设置有驱动系统， 所述驱动系 统驱动牵引车在斜坡轨道上行走； 所述水平吊架包括水平框架、 一与斜坡轨道 垂直的水平旋转轴、 两个平衡板， 所述旋转轴两端设置有轴承座， 平衡板的上 端与旋转轴通过轴承座铰接， 平衡板为类等边三角形， 底端为三角形的底边， 平衡板的底端和水平框架上面的侧棱固定连接； 所述水平框架底部中间设置有 滑轮， 所述牵引车内底部上方设置有 U形滑轨， 所述 U形滑轨轨迹方向为水平框 架前后晃动时滑轮底部与滑轮接触点的沿牵引车前后运动方向， 滑轮在 U形滑 轨上并能在 U形滑轨上滑动。
[0014] 一种利用前述的山地果树种植系统的果树种植方法， 其特征在于： 在果园里或 果园边上铺设斜坡轨道， 根据果园果树布置， 在果园里铺设水平走向的水平轨 道， 水平轨道朝向斜坡轨道的一端设置有定位结构， 通过山地轨道运输系统运 输肥料和种植工具， 种植好果树， 上好肥料， 在果园里 fi好支撑架， 在支撑架 上覆盖防虫网， 所述防虫网为穿插有反射银线的可透光网布， 防虫网包围在所 述果园的外围； 在果园地上铺盖防草布。
[0015] 作为本发明的一种改进， 在果园里设置 N组｛N为自然数｝水平轨道， 在每组水 平轨道上靠近斜坡轨道的位置设置有感应器， 小车上设置有感应片以及与感应 片对应的开关， 第 N组水平轨道上的感应器感应到小车上感应片信号后， 发送 该第 N组水平轨道小车到位信号给山地轨道运输系统的控制系统， 控制系统的信 号接收器接收到感应器发来的小车到位信号后， 发布指令给驱动系统， 驱动系 统驱动牵引车运行到与该第 N组水平轨道对应的位置后停下， 将小车往牵引车方 向推动， 定位装置将水平轨道和牵引车内的水平短轨连接， 小车进入到牵引车 后离开定位结构， 弹簧的弹力推动第二横杆往远离牵引车方向运动， 定位机构 回复原位； 驱动机构驱动牵引车运输小车内东西。
[0016] 作为本发明的一种改进， 在往山上运送物资时， 控制系统控制牵引车停在对应 的水平轨道位置时， 人工用脚推动定位装置来插入水平短轨， 再把手推车从牵 引车里拉出来到水平轨道上。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0017] 本发明的有益效果为：
[0018] 本发明提供的山地果树种植系统设置有防虫网， 可以防止产生黄龙病的木虱等 虫害进入果树， 有效防止黄龙病的产生； 在果园的地上铺盖防草布， 既可以阻 止害虫钻入树盘地下产卵也可以阻止孵化的幼虫从土里钻出为害柑橘类果树， 又可以防止树下长杂草影响柑橘类果树成长； 该果树种植系统在运送果子或生 产工具时可以让车子保持水平， 轨道车在上下山过程中不容易后倾， 防止水果 洒落和破损， 给农户带来方便， 提高了运输效率。
[0019] 本发明提供的山地果树种植系统及种植方法， 把果园包围在含有反射银线的防 虫网里， 防止导致黄龙病的木虱的进入， 消毒杀菌， 有效防控黄龙病。
[0020] 编织有反射银线的防虫网在太阳光下会闪闪发光、 可以吓阻很多种具有避光性 的害虫靠近， 能有效减少虫卵或虫口基数， 同时分布反射银线的防虫网能够均 衡反光、 适当遮光作用， 可以使得水果增长稳定均匀。
[0021] 反射银线在可透光网布上呈格子形分布， 可以更加有效地防止木虱等虫害从各 个方向靠近， 有效防止黄龙病。
[0022] 所述水平短轨的横截面形状、 尺寸和水平轨道的横截面形状、 尺寸相同， 所述 水平轨道、 水平短轨与小车车轮相匹配； 小车容纳装置和水平轨道能通过定位 装置连接。 水平轨道和水平短轨方便连接， 小车可以方便容易地推进牵引车。 两个所述连接轴能与两条水平短轨相插接， 水平轨道和水平短轨连接简单方便 ， 连接轴在端部设置有锥形的导向机构更进一步地增加了连接的简单容易。
[0023] 在往山上运送物资时， 控制系统控制牵引车停在对应的水平轨道位置时， 人工 用脚推动定位装置来插入水平短轨， 再把手推车从牵引车里拉出来到水平轨道 上。 操作简单方便。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明 [0024] 图 1是本发明具体实施方式中提供的山地果树种植系统的结构示意图。
[0025] 图 2是是本发明具体实施方式中提供的山地果树种植系统的防虫网的结构示意 图。
[0026] 图 3是本发明具体实施方式中提供的山地轨道运输系统的结构示意图。
[0027] 图 4是本发明具体实施方式中提供的山地轨道运输系统中小车在水平轨道时与 定位装置的结构示意图。
[0028] 图 5是本发明具体实施方式中提供的山地轨道运输系统的定位装置的结构示意 图。
[0029] 图 6是本发明具体实施方式中提供的山地轨道运输系统中牵引车和水平吊架的 立体结构示意图。
[0030] 图 7是本发明具体实施方式中提供的山地轨道运输系统中牵引车和水平吊架的 又一方向的示意图。
[0031] 图中：
[0032] 1、 斜坡轨道 2、 牵引车 3、 水平框架 4、 水平轨道 5、 小车 6、 定位装置 7、 轴 承座 8、 旋转轴 9、 平衡板 10、 水平短轨 61、 第一横杆 62、 第二横杆 63、 定位 板 64、 滑块 65、 连接轴 651、 导向机构 66、 连接杆 67、 推杆 68、 弹簧 69、 滑 杆 11、 钢丝绳 12、 滑轮 13、 U形滑轨 14、 防脱落装置 15、 防虫网 16、 果树 17 、 防草布 18、 反射银线
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0033] 下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
[0034] 如图 1至图 7所示， 本实施例中提供的一种山地果树种植系统， 所述山地果树种 植系统包括能罩住果树的防虫网 15、 防草布 17、 山地轨道运输系统， 防虫网 15 罩住果园的上面和四周； 所述山地果树种植系统还在果园地上铺盖防草布 17 ; 所述山地轨道运输系统在果园里横向设置水平轨道 4， 还设置有可在所述水平轨 道上行走的小车 5 , 所述山地轨道运输系统包括斜坡轨道 1、 牵引车 2, 所述牵引 车 2设置有底部保持水平的水平吊架。 本发明提供的山地果树种植系统设置有防 虫网 15， 可以防止产生黄龙病的木虱等虫害进入果树 16， 有效防止黄龙病的产 生； 在果园的地上铺盖防草布 17 , 既可以阻止害虫钻入树盘地下产卵也可以阻 止孵化的幼虫从土里钻出为害果树 16 , 又可以防止树下长杂草影响果树成长。 该果树种植系统在运送果子或生产工具时可以让车子保持水平， 轨道车在上下 山过程中不容易后倾， 防止水果洒落和破损， 给农户带来方便， 提高了运输效 率。 防虫网可以直接盖住一棵或几棵树， 还可以一次盖住几十棵或几百棵树， 甚至可以以一个大的防虫网盖住一个果园， 防止果园的上面和四周受到木虱等 虫害的传播侵害， 以低成本和简单的手段有效防止黄龙病的产生。
[0035] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述防虫网 15为可透光网布， 在所述可透光网布表面 间隔穿插编织有反射银线 18。 本发明提供的山地果树种植系统， 把果园包围在 含有反射银线 18的防虫网 15里， 防止导致黄龙病的木虱的进入， 消毒杀菌， 有 效防控黄龙病。 编织有反射银线 18的防虫网 15在太阳光下会闪闪发光、 可以吓 阻很多种具有避光性的害虫靠近， 能有效减少虫卵或虫口基数， 同时分布反射 银线 18的防虫网 15能够均衡反光、 适当遮光作用， 可以使得水果增长稳定均匀 。 所述反射银线 18在可透光网布上呈格子形分布。 反射银线 18在可透光网布上 呈格子形分布， 可以更加有效地防止木虱等虫害从各个靠近， 有效防止黄龙病 。 反射银线 18可以为镀铝膜银丝， 也可以是缠绕银线或其他银线， 还可以是银 色的其他线。
[0036] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述山地果树种植系统还包括支撑所述防虫网 15的支 撑架， 所述支撑架为热镀锌钢管， 热镀锌钢管的顶部呈“米”字形分布固定有用于 托置防虫网 15的钢丝或钢铰线， 钢管的顶端加盖有塑料帽用于防止损坏防虫网 1 5。 设置支撑架可以使得防虫网 15更加牢固， 可以将防虫网 15和果树之间的空间 控制在最佳位置有利于果树生长， 热镀锌钢管材料防锈， 只要改变成形角度， 就可以用同一宽度的带钢生产各种口径的钢管， 易于调型。 可以连续弯曲成形 ， 所以钢管的定尺长度不受限制， 长度可随意定。 易于变更尺寸， 适合于小批 量、 多品种螺旋管的生产。 热镀锌钢管的焊缝比同规格的直缝管的焊缝长， 同 种规格壁厚下， 热镀锌钢管承受的压力大。 防虫网 15和支撑架可以很好地防风 ， 强度大， 在恶劣环境下也可以更有效地防止木虱等虫害进入， 可以有效防止 黄龙病产生。 因为强度大、 结实， 这样的防虫网 15和支撑架可以反复利用， 节 省成本。
[0037] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述防草布 17是用塑料丝经纬编织而成， 铺在地面可 防草防虫。 这样的防草布 17既能防虫防草， 又不耽误果树吸收营养和健康成长 ， 既可以阻止害虫钻入树盘地下产卵也可以阻止孵化的幼虫从土里钻出为害果 树， 又可以防止树下长杂草影响果树成长， 还可以反复利用。
[0038] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述防草布 17和所述防虫网 15连接， 或者所述防草布 17、 防虫网 15和支撑架之间彼此直接或间接连接。 防草布 17和防虫网 15可以直 接用绳或钢丝连接， 防草布 17周围还可以设置塑料框架， 塑料框架上设有连接 孔， 防草布 17和防虫网 15分别和塑料框架连接， 防草布 17、 防虫网 15、 塑料框 架在一起组成一个防虫的空间， 从各个方向防止木虱等虫害进入， 有效防止黄 龙病产生。
[0039] 一种利用前述的山地果树种植系统的柑橘类果树种植方法， 在果园周围 |§好支 撑架， 在支撑架上覆盖防虫网 15 , 所述防虫网 15为穿插有反射银线 18的可透光 网布， 防虫网 15包围在所述果园的外围； 在果园地上铺盖防草布 17。 本发明提 供的防控柑橘类果树黄龙病的种植方法设置有防虫网 15， 可以防止产生黄龙病 的木虱等虫害进入果树， 有效防止黄龙病的产生； 在果园的地上铺盖防草布 17 ， 既可以阻止害虫钻入树盘地下产卵也可以阻止孵化的幼虫从土里钻出为害果 树， 又可以防止树下长杂草影响果树成长。
[0040] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述支撑架包括立柱和固定在立柱上的钢丝或钢绞线 以及盖在立柱顶端的塑料帽。 在立柱上设置有钢丝或钢绞线可以牢固地固定防 虫网 15 , 在立柱顶端盖有塑料帽， 可以更好地固定防虫网 15 , 也使得固定架和 防虫网 15更安全。
[0041] 本发明公开的山地果树种植系统中的所述山地轨道运输系统包括斜坡轨道 1、 牵引车 2, 所述牵引车 2设置有底部保持水平的水平吊架； 山地轨道运输系统设 置有驱动系统， 所述驱动系统驱动牵引车 2在斜坡轨道 1上行走； 所述山地轨道 运输系统还包括水平轨道 4以及可在水平轨道 4上行走的小车 5 , 水平吊架的底部 上设置有小车容纳装置， 水平轨道 4设有能与小车容纳装置连接的定位装置 6。 本发明提供的山地轨道运输系统， 让车子保持水平， 解决了现有技术的问题， 轨道车在上下山过程中不再后倾， 防止水果洒落和破损， 给农户带来方便， 提 高了运输效率。
[0042] 本发明所述山地运输系统可以由电机驱动， 通过钢丝绳牵引牵引车在轨道上行 走， 能够适应带有坡度的山地、 丘陵等地形的运输要求， 提高运输效率和山地 果园管理机械化、 省力化程度。 驱动系统包括电机、 减速器、 卷筒和排绳装置 ， 牵引车包括车架、 行走机构等部件组成。 轨道由两根圆形钢管和支撑柱、 横 梁焊接而成， 支撑柱可以根据地形调整高度， 可减少轨道铺设对地形的要求。 驱动牵引装置位于轨道上方或下方， 电机通过联轴器、 电磁制动器、 减速器、 卷筒和钢丝绳将动力传递到货物运输车， 牵引车通过钢丝绳的牵引力实现上行 ， 下行时电机翻转， 并依靠牵引车自重及货物重量完成。 牵引车工作时， 可以 通过遥控器实时地控制电机正、 反转和停止来实现牵引车上行、 下行和停止等 动作。
[0043] 为了使得水平轨道 4和水平短轨 10方便连接， 小车 5可以方便容易地推进牵引车 2， 小车容纳装置为设置在水平吊架底部上的水平短轨 10, 所述水平短轨 10的横 截面形状、 尺寸和水平轨道 4的横截面形状、 尺寸相同， 所述水平轨道 4、 水平 短轨 10与小车 5车轮相匹配； 小车容纳装置和水平轨道 4能通过定位装置 6连接。
[0044] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述定位装置 6包括两个与两根水平轨道 4对应连接的 连接轴 65 , 所述水平短轨 10为空心管道； 两个所述连接轴 65能与两条水平短轨 1 0相插接， 连接轴 65直径小于或等于水平轨道 4的直径。 所述连接轴 65在端部设 置有锥形的导向机构 651。 导向机构 651可以是一个圆锥尖头结构， 也可以是圆 台结构。 两个所述连接轴 65能与两条水平短轨 10相插接， 水平轨道 4和水平短轨 10连接简单方便， 连接轴 65在端部设置有锥形的导向机构 651更进一步地增加了 连接的简单容易。 连接轴 65和水平轨道 4的连接也可以通过插接连接， 连接轴 65 插进水平轨道 4, 连接方式简单， 安装拆卸容易。
[0045] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述定位结构还包括两根与所述连接轴 65垂直固定连 接的第一横杆 61和第二横杆 62; 所述定位结构还包括一定位板 63， 定位板 63上 设置固定在定位板 63上的滑块 64, 所述定位结构还包括设置在两根连接轴 65之 间与连接轴 65轴线方向平行的滑杆 69 , 所述滑杆 69的一端与第一横杆 61固定连 接， 滑杆 69穿过滑块 64, 并与滑块 64能相互滑动， 所述滑杆 69的另一端与连接 杆 66的一端铰接， 连接杆 66的另一端与推杆 67的一侧枢轴连接， 所述推杆 67与 定位板 63铰接； 滑块 64在远离斜坡轨道 1的一侧固定连接弹簧 68的一端， 弹簧 68 的另一端与第二横杆 62固定连接； 将小车 5往牵引车 2方向推动时， 小车 5推动推 杆 67向牵引车 2方向旋转， 也就是往小车 5前进方向旋转时， 推杆 67带动连杆下 压向前运动， 连杆推动滑杆 69往牵引车 2方向运动， 从而第一横杆 61以及连接轴 65往牵引车 2方向移动， 连接轴 65插入水平短轨 10, 从而水平短轨 10和水平轨道 4连接； 小车 5进入到牵引车 2后离开定位结构， 弹簧 68因为在小车 5往牵引车 2方 向运动时第二横杆 62往牵引车 2方向运动而被压缩， 从而产生弹力， 弹簧 68的弹 力推动第二横杆 62往远离牵引车 2方向运动， 定位机构回复原位。 本发明的定位 结构结构简单， 成本低廉， 使用方便， 直接将小车 5向牵引车 2方向推动时， 小 车 5自动推动推杆 67 , 带动简单的滑杆 69、 滑块 64、 连接轴 65等结构， 使得水平 轨道 4和水平短轨 10连接， 从而小车 5顺利推进牵引车 2中的小车容纳装置； 小车 5推过连接结构时， 弹簧 68被压缩， 小车 5进入小车容纳装置后， 弹簧 68弹力自 动将定位结构弹回。 结构简单， 自动化程度高， 节省人力物力。
[0046] 为了定位结构的弹力平衡和增加弹簧 68寿命， 所述弹簧 68包括第一弹簧 68和第 二弹簧 68 , 第一弹簧 68和第二弹簧 68分别位于滑杆 69两侧， 第一弹簧 68和第二 弹簧 68的一端连接在滑块 64上， 第一弹簧 68和第二弹簧 68的另一端连接在第二 横杆 62上， 第一弹簧 68和第二弹簧 68可以选择相同的规格， 制造和替换起来方 便。
[0047] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述水平吊架包括水平框架 3、 一与斜坡轨道 1垂直的 水平的旋转轴 8、 两个平衡板 9 , 所述旋转轴 8的两侧分别与牵引车 2上面两侧棱 可旋转连接， 所述旋转轴 8两端设置有轴承座 7 , 平衡板 9的上端与旋转轴 8通过 轴承座 7铰接， 平衡板 9的下端与水平框架 3上面的侧棱固定连接。 平衡板 9为类 等边三角形， 底端为三角形的底边， 平衡板 9的底端和水平框架 3上面的侧棱固 定连接。 平衡板 9的重心以及等边三角形底边的中心在重力的作用下有向下垂直 的力， 从而使得平衡板 9的下端和水平框架 3基本保持水平方向。 旋转轴 8、 平衡 板 9及轴承座 7保证水平框架 3—直保持基本水平， 防止水果等物料盛放装置在水 平框架 3内倾斜， 有效防止物料跌落。
[0048] 作为本发明的一种改进， 所述水平框架 3底部中间设置有滑轮 12, 所述牵引车 2 内底部上方设置有 U形滑轨 13 , 所述 U形滑轨 13轨迹方向为水平框架 3前后晃动时 滑轮 12底部与滑轮 12接触点的沿牵引车 2前后运动方向， 滑轮 12在 U形滑轨 13上 并能在 U形滑轨 13上滑动。 滑轮 12和 U形滑轨 13的配合， 可以防止水平吊架的前 后过大晃动， 还能防止小车 5左右移动。 U形滑轨 13在牵引车 2往山上前进的方向 上比处在低位的后部短， 可以以合适节省的长度保持水平框架 3的相对稳定， 防 止水平框架 3的过大晃动。
[0049] 作为本发明的一种改进， 在果园里设置 N组｛N为自然数｝水平轨道 4， 在每组水 平轨道 4上靠近斜坡轨道 1的位置设置有感应器， 小车 5上设置有感应片以及与感 应片对应的开关， 第 N组水平轨道 4上的感应器感应到小车 5上感应片信号后， 发 送该第 N组水平轨道 4小车 5到位信号给山地轨道运输系统的控制系统， 控制系统 的信号接收器接收到感应器发来的小车 5到位信号后， 发布指令给驱动系统， 驱 动系统驱动牵引车 2运行到与该第 N组水平轨道 4对应的位置后停下。 牵引车 2根 据水平轨道 4上小车 5需要到达运输地点， 可以自动有效利用轨道运输系统运输 水果等物料， 减少空转， 提高运输效率， 减少运输成本。
[0050] 本发明所公开山地果树种植系统中的山地轨道运输系统作为一个整体的运输系 统， 节省人力， 可以解决山地运输农产品和肥料的问题， 还可以防止水果等洒 落或晃动碰撞。 山地轨道运输系统设置斜坡轨道 1、 牵引车 2、 驱动牵引车 2上下 运动的驱动机构， 驱动结构可以是动力系统驱动滑轮 12带动钢丝绳 11， 钢丝绳 1 1拉动牵引车 2沿轨道运动， 斜坡轨道 1从山下蔓延到山上， 根据农户生产运输所 需在山上的果园或田园里设置若干条水平轨道 4， 当农户摘好果子装在小车 5里 ， 可以沿水平轨道 4推动小车 5运动到斜坡轨道 1附近， 水平轨道 4上的感应器感 应到小车 5上感应片信号后， 发送该第 N组水平轨道 4小车 5到位信号给山地轨道 运输系统的控制系统， 控制系统的信号接收器接收到感应器发来的小车 5到位信 号后， 发布指令给驱动系统， 驱动系统驱动牵引车 2运行到与该第 N组水平轨道 4 对应的位置后停下， 牵引车 2停下后一般会震动一下， 这时可以将小车 5往牵引 车 2方向推动时， 小车 5推动推杆 67向牵引车 2方向旋转， 也就是往小车 5前进方 向旋转时， 推杆 67带动连杆下压向前运动， 连杆推动滑杆 69往牵引车 2方向运动 ， 从而第一横杆 61以及连接轴 65往牵引车 2方向移动， 连接轴 65插入水平短轨 10 ， 从而水平短轨 10和水平轨道 4连接； 小车 5进入到牵引车 2后离开定位结构， 弹 簧 68因为在小车 5往牵引车 2方向运动时第二横杆 62往牵引车 2方向运动而被压缩 ， 从而产生弹力， 弹簧 68的弹力推动第二横杆 62往远离牵引车 2方向运动， 定位 机构回复原位。 小车 5进入牵引车 2中的水平吊架内后， 随牵引车 2运送到需要的 地方， 运输过程中， 水平吊架一直基本保持水平， 从而小车 5也可以平稳地运送 到需要的地方。
[0051] 还可以设置遥控器， 遥控牵引车 2到指定的位置。 运输车往山上运送物资或者 顺便捎带空的小车 5时， 需要运物资到哪组水平轨道 4或者哪组水平轨道 4上需要 空的小车 5时， 遥控运输车停在相应的轨道旁， 人工用脚推动定位装置 6来插入 水平吊架的水平短轨 10, 水平短轨 10和水平轨道 4通过定位装置 6连接后， 再把 小车 5从牵引车 2里拉出来到水平轨道 4上。
[0052] 为了用简单的结构和简单快速的操作防止物料从小车 5上脱落， 所述牵引车 2或 /和小车 5设置有防脱落装置 14; 所述防脱落装置 14包括固定在牵引车 2或 /和小车 5侧棱上的挂钩和围绕在牵引车 2或 /和小车 5周围一个或多个面的钢索、 钢棍、 绳 索、 皮带、 藤条或布条。
[0053] 本发明公开的山地果树种植系统中的山地轨道运输系统可用于地形坡度较复杂 的果园运输果子、 肥料、 工具等农产品或农业生产资材， 上下坡运输能力大， 爬行坡度 0度到 75度都可以保持运行中不同的坡度货物始终保持水平状态， 结合 水平轨道 4的运输， 方便果园的运输。
[0054] 本发明是通过优选实施例进行描述的， 本领域技术人员知悉， 在不脱离本发明 的精神和范围的情况下， 可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。 本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制， 其他落入本申请的权利要求内的 实施例都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种山地果树种植系统， 其特征在于： 所述山地果树种植系统包括防 虫网、 防草布、 山地轨道运输系统， 所述防虫网罩住果园的上面和四 周； 所述防草布铺盖在果园地面上， 所述山地轨道运输系统在果园里 横向设置水平轨道， 还设置有可在所述水平轨道上行走的小车， 所述 山地轨道运输系统包括斜坡轨道、 牵引车， 所述牵引车设置有底部保 持水平的水平吊架。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的山地果树种植系统， 其特征在于： 所述防虫网 为可透光网布， 在所述可透光网布表面间隔编织有反射银线。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的山地果树种植系统， 其特征在于： 所述反射银 线在可透光网布上呈格子形分布。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的山地果树种植系统， 其特征在于： 所述山地果 树种植系统还包括支撑所述防虫网的支撑架， 所述支撑架为热镀锌钢 管， 热镀锌钢管的顶部呈“米”字形分布固定有用于托置防虫网的钢丝 或钢铰线， 钢管的顶端加盖有用于防止损坏防虫网的塑料帽。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的山地果树种植系统， 其特征在于： 水平吊架的 底部上设置有小车容纳装置， 小车容纳装置为设置在水平吊架底部上 的水平短轨， 所述水平短轨的横截面形状、 尺寸和水平轨道的横截面 形状、 尺寸相同， 所述水平轨道、 水平短轨与小车车轮相匹配； 小车 容纳装置和水平轨道能通过定位装置连接； 所述定位装置包括两个与 两根水平轨道对应连接的连接轴， 所述水平短轨为空心管道； 两个所 述连接轴能与两条水平短轨相插接， 连接轴直径小于或等于水平轨道 的直径； 所述连接轴在端部设置有锥形的导向机构。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的山地果树种植系统， 其特征在于： 所述定位结 构还包括两根与所述连接轴垂直固定连接的第一横杆和第二横杆； 所 述定位结构还包括一定位板， 定位板上设置固定在定位板上的滑块， 所述定位结构还包括设置在两根连接轴之间与连接轴轴线方向平行的 滑杆， 所述滑杆的一端与第一横杆固定连接， 滑杆穿过滑块， 并与滑 块能相互滑动， 所述滑杆的另一端与连接杆的一端铰接， 连接杆的另 端与推杆的一侧枢轴连接， 所述推杆与定位板铰接； 滑块在远离斜 坡轨道的一侧固定连接弹簧的一端， 弹簧的另一端与第二横杆固定连 接； 小车往牵引车方向推动时， 小车推动推杆向牵引车方向旋转， 推 杆带动连杆， 连杆推动滑杆往牵引车方向运动， 从而第一横杆以及连 接轴往牵引车方向移动， 连接轴插入水平短轨， 水平短轨和水平轨道 连接； 小车进入到牵引车后离开定位结构， 弹簧的弹力推动第二横杆 往远离牵引车方向运动， 定位机构回复原位； 所述弹簧包括第一弹簧 和第二弹簧， 第一弹簧和第二弹簧分别位于滑杆两侧， 第一弹簧和第 二弹簧的一端连接在滑块上， 第一弹簧和第二弹簧的另一端连接在 第二横杆上。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 6所述的山地果树种植系统， 其特征在于： 所述山地果 树种植系统设置有驱动系统， 所述驱动系统驱动牵引车在斜坡轨道上 行走； 所述水平吊架包括水平框架、 一与斜坡轨道垂直的水平旋转轴 、 两个平衡板， 所述旋转轴两端设置有轴承座， 平衡板的上端与旋转 轴通过轴承座铰接， 平衡板为类等边三角形， 底端为三角形的底边， 平衡板的底端和水平框架上面的侧棱固定连接； 所述水平框架底部中 间设置有滑轮， 所述牵引车内底部上方设置有 U形滑轨， 所述 U形滑 轨轨迹方向为水平框架前后晃动时滑轮底部与滑轮接触点的沿牵引车 前后运动方向， 滑轮在 U形滑轨上并能在 U形滑轨上滑动。
[权利要求 8] 一种利用权利要求 1-7任一项所述的山地果树种植系统的果树种植方 法， 其特征在于： 在果园里或果园边上铺设斜坡轨道， 根据果园果树 布置， 在果园里铺设水平走向的水平轨道， 水平轨道朝向斜坡轨道的 一端设置有定位结构， 通过山地轨道运输系统运输肥料和种植工具， 种植好果树， 上好肥料， 在果园里搭好支撑架， 在支撑架上覆盖防虫 网， 所述防虫网为穿插有反射银线的可透光网布， 防虫网包围在所述 果园的外围； 在果园地上铺盖防草布。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 8所述的果树种植方法， 其特征在于： 在果园里设置 N 组｛N为自然数｝水平轨道， 在每组水平轨道上靠近斜坡轨道的位置设 置有感应器， 小车上设置有感应片以及与感应片对应的开关， 第 N组 水平轨道上的感应器感应到小车上感应片信号后， 发送该第 N组水平 轨道小车到位信号给山地轨道运输系统的控制系统， 控制系统的信号 接收器接收到感应器发来的小车到位信号后， 发布指令给驱动系统， 驱动系统驱动牵引车运行到与该第 N组水平轨道对应的位置后停下， 将小车往牵弓 |车方向推动， 定位装置将水平轨道和牵引车内的水平短 轨连接， 小车进入到牵引车后离开定位结构， 弹簧的弹力推动第二横 杆往远离牵引车方向运动， 定位机构回复原位； 驱动机构驱动牵引车 运输小车内东西。
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 8所述的果树种植方法， 其特征在于： 在往山上运送物 资时， 控制系统控制牵引车停在对应的水平轨道位置时， 人工用脚推 动定位装置来插入水平短轨， 再把手推车从牵引车里拉出来到水平轨 道上。
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