WO2020108716A1 - Outil d'orientation de nacelle pour atténuation à mécanisme d'orientation actif des vibrations induites par le vent - Google Patents

Outil d'orientation de nacelle pour atténuation à mécanisme d'orientation actif des vibrations induites par le vent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020108716A1
WO2020108716A1 PCT/DK2019/050360 DK2019050360W WO2020108716A1 WO 2020108716 A1 WO2020108716 A1 WO 2020108716A1 DK 2019050360 W DK2019050360 W DK 2019050360W WO 2020108716 A1 WO2020108716 A1 WO 2020108716A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nacelle
wind turbine
yaw
tower
yawing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2019/050360
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edgar LEIJTEN
Original Assignee
Vestas Wind Systems A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems A/S filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems A/S
Publication of WO2020108716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020108716A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F05B2270/1074—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies by using back-up controls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/329—Azimuth or yaw angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/334—Vibration measurements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine nacelle yaw tool system.
  • vibrations may be induced due to various wind conditions.
  • One phenomenon is called vortex shedding, which is also referred to as von Karman vibrations.
  • the resulting vibrations are referred to as vortex induced vibrations.
  • the vortex induced vibrations originate from vortices due to wind flowing around the tower and/or a nacelle mounted on top of the tower. This may in particular occur at specific wind speeds, and in particular where the frequency of the vortices matches a resonance frequency of the wind turbine structure. This may among others vary depending on design of the tower and nacelle.
  • the vibrations may occur in any configuration during the wind turbine lifetime and thus also during the installation stages.
  • an object of the present invention may be seen as an object of the present invention to provide a wind turbine yaw tool that in particular solves the above mentioned problems due to wind induced vibrations.
  • an object of the present invention is to a provide a solution capable of dealing with the mentioned vibrational problems in a situation where the turbine is not connected to a power supply grid, as well as in a situation where the turbine is not fully equipped with a working controller system.
  • controller for controlling yawing of the nacelle relative to a tower of the wind turbine
  • controller being arranged with an output for a driving system including at least one yawing motor for yawing the nacelle relative to the tower,
  • a vibration sensor connected to an input of the controller, and for sensing vibrations of the wind turbine tower
  • controller is arranged to receive input from the vibration sensor, and based on said input to output a yaw command.
  • the nacelle yaw tool is arranged so that yawing of the nacelle is provided based on the input from the vibration sensor and possibly even in a situations where the wind turbine is not connected to a power grid, as well as in a situation where the yaw motor is not connected to an operational control system of the wind turbine.
  • the nacelle yaw tool is suitable for reducing, preventing or mitigating vibrations due to wind induced vibrations, such as vortex induced vibrations and/or vibrations due to galloping.
  • the nacelle yaw tool is suitable for achieving the above mentioned objects in an installation phase of the wind turbine.
  • the nacelle yaw tool may also
  • the vibration sensor can be positioned in or on the nacelle or in or on the tower, towards a top of the tower.
  • the vibration sensor is included in a yaw tool unit, and thereby positioned in the tower top region when the yaw tool unit is positioned in the nacelle or tower top.
  • the wind turbine nacelle yaw tool includes a power source such as at least one of; a battery, a solar cell and a fuel driven power generator, such as a fuel cell or diesel driven power generator.
  • a power source such as at least one of; a battery, a solar cell and a fuel driven power generator, such as a fuel cell or diesel driven power generator.
  • the power source is positioned in or on the nacelle or in or on the tower in a top part of the tower or at ground level.
  • the power source is capable of delivering power for powering the yaw tool in a level in the interval of 6 - 40 kW at a voltage in the interval of 220 - 700 volts.
  • the power usage may be about 5 - 150 W, typically 5 - 15 W.
  • the vibration sensor is connected via hardwire to the nacelle yaw tool and/or the vibration sensor is included in the yaw tool, which yaw tool may also include the controller.
  • the vibration sensor and/or the yaw tool is equipped with fixtures for mounting at a location with is in fixed connection with the tower top and or the nacelle.
  • either the vibration sensor and/or the yaw tool may be mounted in a fixed relationship with the frame of the nacelle.
  • the yaw command is suitable for yawing the nacelle in a movement of a certain size, such as to yaw the nacelle relative to the tower for a certain number of degrees, or for a certain period of time.
  • the yaw controller may include a memory to store a value representing how much the nacelle has turned clockwise or counterclockwise. This, e.g. to control twist of a cabled power connection from the nacelle and/or from the yaw tool and to a power source on the ground.
  • the yaw tool further comprises an input for associated charging means for charging a battery.
  • a charger may be powered by and connected to one or more solar cells for charging the battery, and/or the charger may be connected to the power grid.
  • the invention relates to use of the wind turbine nacelle yaw tool according to the first aspect for reducing wind induced vibrations, such as for preventing vortex induced oscillations and/or for reducing or preventing oscillations due to galloping.
  • the use of the wind turbine nacelle yaw tool may be done in connection with an installation phase, a repair phase or a service phase.
  • the invention relates to a method of reducing wind induced vibrations of a wind turbine tower of a wind turbine system, wherein the wind turbine system comprises:
  • controller for controlling yawing of the nacelle relative to a tower of the wind turbine
  • controller being arranged with an output for a driving system including at least one yawing motor for yawing the nacelle relative to the tower,
  • a vibration sensor connected to an input of the controller, and for sensing vibrations of the wind turbine tower
  • controller is arranged to receive input from the vibration sensor, and based on said input to output a yaw command, and wherein the method comprises
  • yawing the wind turbine nacelle based on the output from the control system is provided when the sensed vibration is above a threshold.
  • the threshold can be set for a 1 st and/or a 2 nd mode vibration of the vibration signal.
  • the threshold may alternatively or additionally be set, so as to trigger a changed yaw position, when an RMS value of the vibration signal has a peak above a limit, e.g. for a certain duration.
  • Analysis of the vibration signal may include Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) methods, density methods or similar. It has been found that one or more of the following criteria's can be used to determine if a vibration is a wind induced vibration or not, and in particular if the vibration is a vortex induced vibration and/or a vibration due to galloping.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
  • Vortex induced vibrations of the tower and/or vibrations due to galloping will typically have a resonance with the tower below 2 Hz. Vortex induced vibrations of the tower and/or vibrations due to galloping will typically be periodic.
  • a threshold criteria could alternatively or additionally be that the amplitude of the vibration is at least 0.03 m or at least 0.04 m/s 2 - in particular for a 1 st order vibration at a frequency in an interval of e.g. [0.1 - 0.4] Hz.
  • a threshold criteria could alternatively or additionally be that the amplitude of the vibration is at least 0.4 m or at least 0.5 m/s 2 - in particular for a 2 nd order vibration at a frequency in an interval of e.g. [0.7 - 1.5] Hz.
  • An example of an amplitude of a 1st order natural frequency of an unwanted vibration caused by vortex induced vibrations and/or due to galloping could be present at about 0.2 Hz and having an amplitude of about 0.03 m or slightly higher.
  • An example of an amplitude of a 2 nd order natural frequency of an unwanted vibration caused by vortex induced vibrations and/or due to galloping could be present at about 1 Hz and having an amplitude e.g. in the interval 0.5 m - 1.2 m.
  • the examples of amplitudes and thresholds could be from a wind turbine system with a tower of about 120 m height.
  • a yawing angle of yawing the nacelle relative to the wind turbine tower is at least 5 degrees, such as at least 10, 15,
  • the method comprises that after the nacelle has yawed a given angle from a first yaw position to a second yaw position, the vibrations are sensed, and a decision of if to yaw further is provided in response to the sensed vibrations at the second yaw position.
  • the method may comprise that the nacelle is yawed a certain yawing angle in dependence of an amplitude of the vibrations of the wind turbine tower relative to a threshold, or in dependence of a change of amplitude of the vibrations of the wind turbine tower relative to an amplitude at a previous or former position of the nacelle.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a wind turbine tower mounted with a nacelle
  • FIG. 2 illustrates wind induced vibrations of the wind turbine tower in a top view
  • FIG. 3 depicts a wind turbine system with a yaw tool according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a method according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram elaborating an embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
  • FIG. 1 depicts a wind turbine tower 102 mounted with a nacelle 104.
  • the tower and nacelle can be installed at sea or inland.
  • the nacelle is rotatable around the tower 102 via a yaw bearing 106.
  • the yaw bearing cannot be seen in figure 1, but is illustrated in figure 3. It follows from the figure that the wind turbine system 101 includes a lower number of blades than when the wind turbine system is completely installed, e.g. during an installation period of the wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine system includes zero blades.
  • the wind turbine system may be in a state prior to installation of the hub, of the rotor, or the hub with only a part of the final number of blades installed. It may also be in a state with the entire rotor installed, but where the electrical system of the turbine is not connected to a power grid and/or where the control system, including the yaw control system is not, or is only partly, installed or connected.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates wind induced vibrations 202 in direction of the double arrow with the reference number 202.
  • the wind turbine tower 102 is indicated with the dashed circle.
  • the tower 102 and nacelle 104 are seen from a top view, and a wind direction 204 is also illustrated. It follows that the wind induced vibrations 202 are dominantly in a direction transverse to the wind direction 204, i.e. dominantly cross-wind- vibrations.
  • FIG. 3 depicts elements of an embodiment of a wind turbine system according to the present invention.
  • the wind turbine system includes elements of a wind turbine and the nacelle yaw system, including a wind turbine tower 102, a vibration sensor 304 for sensing vibrations of the wind turbine tower 102, a nacelle 104 mounted to the wind turbine tower via a yaw bearing 310, and a control system 306 for controlling yawing of the nacelle.
  • the wind turbine system is adapted to sense a vibration of the wind turbine tower using the vibration sensor 304, and providing an input for the control system in response to the vibration of the wind turbine tower as sensed by the vibration sensor, and to provide an output by the control system based on the input.
  • the yaw drive 314 is adapted to yaw the wind turbine nacelle based on the output from the control system, and hereby reduce wind induced vibrations of the wind turbine tower 102.
  • control system 306 and the vibration sensor 304 are included in one unit 302, which may be referred to as one nacelle yaw tool, and may be hardwired to each other. However, they may alternatively be provided as separate units, and may use wired or wireless operable
  • a communication cable 316 is illustrated between the control system 306 and a yaw drive 314, however such communication may alternatively be a wireless connection.
  • the thick black line 308 illustrates a power line, such as from a power system for powering the nacelle yaw tool, and for powering the control system 306, the sensor arrangement 304 and the yaw drive 314.
  • the thick black line 312 illustrates a power line for the yaw drive 314.
  • the power for the yaw drive may be switched on and off in the unit 302. Alternatively, switching the yaw drive on or off is carried out at the yaw drive, or at a frequency converter associated with one or more yaw drives, using only signals in the communication cable and power directly from the power line 308.
  • an auxiliary yaw power system which auxiliary yaw power system includes a battery.
  • the power line 308 is for a power system including a battery 309 positioned in or close to the bottom end of the tower 102, in or outside of the tower.
  • battery may additionally or alternatively be positioned in or in vicinity of the top end of the tower and/or in vicinity or in the nacelle.
  • Using a battery is of particular help when the wind turbine system is yet off grid.
  • the system and method as described herein is used e.g.
  • a power source in the power system should be capable of delivering power for powering the yaw tool in a level in the interval of 6 - 40 kW at a voltage in the interval of 220 - 700 volts.
  • a power usage may be lie in an interval of 5 - 20 kWh for a 14 days period.
  • the power usage may include power for the yaw motors, but may e.g. also include power for operating brakes associated with a yaw bearing. This usage is e.g. depending on the size of the wind turbine nacelle, the number of motors used for yawing the nacelle and weather conditions. A consequence of the weather conditions is also a number of occurances that the nacelle should be yawed with the yawing tool as described herein and/or in accordance with the method as described herein.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a method according to embodiments of the invention.
  • a method of reducing wind induced vibrations of a wind turbine tower of a wind turbine system including sensing 402 a vibration of a wind turbine tower using the vibration sensor, providing 404 an input for a control system in response to the vibration of the wind turbine tower as sensed by the vibration sensor, providing 406 an output by the control system based on the input, and yawing 408 the wind turbine nacelle based on the output from the control system, and hereby reducing wind induced vibrations of the wind turbine tower.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of the method according to the present invention.
  • a step 1) of this embodiment vibrations in the upper end-most part of the tower and/or in the nacelle are monitored.
  • a signal to yaw the nacelle a given amount is provided in step 2). This may be a signal to yaw the nacelle a given angle, from a first position 503 to a second position 505.
  • the nacelle After the nacelle has yawed the given angle, the nacelle stopped in the second position and a settling period is imposed. This is illustrated in a step 3).
  • the settling period is chosen so as to allow the vibrations of the tower and nacelle to settle to a changed lower vibration level.
  • step 2 If the changed vibration level is still above a threshold, as illustrated at reference 510, which may be the same or slightly different from the threshold level mentioned in step 2), the actions as described in step 2) are applied, but now changing the nacelle angular position from the second position and to a third position.
  • a threshold as illustrated at reference 510, which may be the same or slightly different from the threshold level mentioned in step 2)
  • the nacelle remains positioned in the second position as illustrated at reference 512, and the vibrations are monitored in the second position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil d'orientation de nacelle d'éolienne, son utilisation et un procédé de réduction des vibrations induites par le vent d'une tour d'éolienne. Les vibrations induites par le vent peuvent être des vibrations et/ou des vibrations induites par vortex dues au galop. Un aspect de l'invention concerne un outil d'orientation de nacelle d'éolienne comprenant : un dispositif de commande pour commander l'orientation de la nacelle par rapport à une tour de l'éolienne, le dispositif de commande étant agencé avec une sortie pour un système d'entraînement comprenant au moins un moteur d'orientation pour faire tourner la nacelle par rapport à la tour, un système d'alimentation pour alimenter l'outil d'orientation de nacelle, et un capteur de vibrations connecté à une entrée du dispositif de commande, et pour détecter des vibrations de la tour d'éolienne. Le dispositif de commande est conçu pour recevoir une entrée provenant du capteur de vibration, et sur la base de ladite entrée pour délivrer en sortie une commande d'orientation.
PCT/DK2019/050360 2018-11-27 2019-11-20 Outil d'orientation de nacelle pour atténuation à mécanisme d'orientation actif des vibrations induites par le vent WO2020108716A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201870781 2018-11-27
DKPA201870781 2018-11-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020108716A1 true WO2020108716A1 (fr) 2020-06-04

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2738382A2 (fr) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-04 General Electric Company Sytème et procédé pour la commande d'urgence de l'azimut d'un parc éolien
EP2803853A1 (fr) * 2013-05-17 2014-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Amortissement des oscillations d'une tour d'éolienne utilisant des forces gyroscopiques
EP2851560A1 (fr) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Amortissement de mouvement oscillatoire d'une nacelle d'une éolienne
US20150211486A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2015-07-30 Wobben Properties Gmbh Method for operating a wind turbine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150211486A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2015-07-30 Wobben Properties Gmbh Method for operating a wind turbine
EP2738382A2 (fr) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-04 General Electric Company Sytème et procédé pour la commande d'urgence de l'azimut d'un parc éolien
EP2803853A1 (fr) * 2013-05-17 2014-11-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Amortissement des oscillations d'une tour d'éolienne utilisant des forces gyroscopiques
EP2851560A1 (fr) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Amortissement de mouvement oscillatoire d'une nacelle d'une éolienne

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