WO2020107635A1 - 一种电机 - Google Patents

一种电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020107635A1
WO2020107635A1 PCT/CN2018/125757 CN2018125757W WO2020107635A1 WO 2020107635 A1 WO2020107635 A1 WO 2020107635A1 CN 2018125757 W CN2018125757 W CN 2018125757W WO 2020107635 A1 WO2020107635 A1 WO 2020107635A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
stator
motor shaft
mover
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/125757
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘元江
周忠厚
刘元宜
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goertek Inc filed Critical Goertek Inc
Publication of WO2020107635A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020107635A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/167—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings
    • H02K5/1672—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of motors, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a plug-in motor.
  • the motor is also called a motor, specifically refers to an electromagnetic device that realizes the conversion or transmission of electric energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction.
  • the main job of the motor is to generate driving torque, which is used as a power source for various electrical equipment or various mechanical devices. With the continuous development of motor technology, motors have been widely used in various industries.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for a motor.
  • a motor including:
  • the motor shaft has a first end and a second end opposite to each other; a ring groove that is recessed inward is provided on the motor shaft adjacent to the first end; the motor shaft is formed in sequence from the ring groove to the second end A first cylinder and a second cylinder, the size of the first cylinder is larger than the size of the second cylinder, and a first stepped groove is formed at a position where the two are connected;
  • split sliding upper bearing the split sliding upper bearing clearance fits in the ring groove, and is configured to: when the motor shaft is inserted into the accommodating cavity, the split sliding upper bearing is fixed on the motor housing to protect the motor Position the first end of the shaft;
  • a sliding lower bearing the sliding lower bearing is fixed at the bottom of the motor housing, the second cylinder of the motor shaft extends into the bearing hole provided in the sliding lower bearing, and is clearance-fitted with the bearing hole; the motor shaft
  • the first step groove is carried on the end face of the sliding lower bearing to position the second end of the motor shaft.
  • the split sliding upper bearing includes a semi-circular first sliding upper bearing and a semi-circular second sliding upper bearing; the first sliding upper bearing and the second sliding upper bearing are respectively inserted into the motor In the ring groove of the shaft.
  • a position of the accommodating cavity relative to the first end is provided with a second step groove for fixing together with the split sliding upper bearing.
  • the split sliding upper bearing is configured to be provided with a plurality of recesses at intervals on the inner wall adapted to the ring groove.
  • the sliding lower bearing is in the form of a cover plate, and a raised ring platform is provided around the bearing hole on the inner end surface thereof, and the first step groove of the motor shaft is carried on the ring platform;
  • a plurality of support portions extending radially outward are distributed on the outer wall in a circumferential direction, and a recessed portion is formed between two adjacent support portions, and the plurality of recessed portions are configured to avoid coils wound on the stator.
  • stator and the mover are configured to be fitted into the accommodating cavity from the position of the second end opposite to the motor housing; a retaining groove for positioning one side of the stator is provided on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; The support portion of the sliding lower bearing is configured to position the other side of the stator.
  • the stator includes a stator iron core, a plurality of stator teeth extending toward the mover are distributed on the inner side wall of the stator iron core in a circumferential direction, a coil is wound on each stator tooth, and each stator A tooth shoe is provided at the end of the tooth, and a plurality of grooves are evenly distributed on the face of the tooth shoe facing the mover.
  • the mover includes a mover iron core, and a plurality of mover teeth protrudes in a circumferential direction on an outer side wall of the mover iron core, and a mover tooth groove is formed between two adjacent mover teeth.
  • the split sliding upper bearing and/or the sliding lower bearing are made of Teflon material.
  • the motor of the present invention further includes:
  • a load coupling shaft for assembling a load is a hollow shaft, and the load coupling shaft is inserted and fixed in the motor shaft; one end of the load coupling shaft extending from the motor shaft extends radially outward Form a mounting table.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present invention improves the structure of the motor shaft.
  • a split sliding upper bearing is used to position the first end of the motor shaft, and a special cavity structure and sliding in the motor housing are used.
  • the lower bearing together locates the second end of the motor shaft, thereby realizing bidirectional positioning of the motor shaft without fasteners.
  • the components in the axial direction of the motor can be combined together in a plug-in manner, so that the application of fasteners can be omitted, so that the structure of the motor is simpler and the assembly method is more convenient.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the structure of a motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a motor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor shaft provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of part A in FIG. 1.
  • FIG 5 is an exploded view of the structure of the motor shaft and the split upper and lower bearings provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a motor, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, including: a motor housing 4 with a receiving cavity, a motor shaft 2, a split sliding upper bearing 3, a stator 6, a mover 5, and a sliding lower bearing 7.
  • the motor shaft 2 has opposite first and second ends, and a ring groove 201 recessed inward is provided on the motor shaft 2 adjacent to the first end.
  • a first pillar 202 and a second pillar 203 are formed in this order from the groove 201 to the second end.
  • the size of the first pillar 202 is larger than that of the second pillar 203, and a first stepped groove is formed at the position where the two are connected 204.
  • the split sliding upper bearing 3 is clearance fit in the ring groove 201, and the split sliding upper bearing 3 is configured such that when the motor shaft 2 is inserted into the accommodating cavity, the split sliding upper bearing 3 is fixed on the motor housing 4 , To position the first end of the motor shaft 2.
  • the stator 6 is fixed in the accommodating cavity, the mover 5 can rotate relative to the stator 6, and the mover 5 is fixed on the first cylinder 202.
  • the sliding lower bearing 7 is fixed to the bottom of the motor housing 4, and the second cylinder 203 of the motor shaft 2 extends into the bearing hole 701 provided in the sliding lower bearing 7 and is clearance-fitted with the bearing hole 701.
  • the first step groove 204 of the motor shaft 2 is carried on the end surface of the sliding lower bearing 7 for positioning the second end of the motor shaft 2.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present invention improves the structure of the motor shaft 2.
  • the split sliding upper bearing 3 is used to position the first end of the motor shaft 2, and the special motor housing 4 is used.
  • the designed cavity structure and the sliding lower bearing 7 position the second end of the motor shaft 2 together, so as to realize the bidirectional positioning of the motor shaft 2 without fasteners.
  • the components in the axial direction of the motor are mainly combined together in a plug-in manner. Such a design can eliminate the use of fasteners during the assembly of the motor, thereby enabling the motor
  • the structure is simpler and the assembly method is more convenient and fast.
  • the split sliding upper bearing 3 of the present invention has a structure that includes a semi-circular first sliding upper bearing and a semi-circular second sliding upper bearing. Wherein, the first sliding upper bearing and the second sliding upper bearing are respectively inserted into the ring groove 201 of the motor shaft 2.
  • two semicircular first sliding upper bearings and second sliding upper bearings can be butted together to form a sliding bearing structure surrounding the motor shaft 2, so that the motor shaft 2 can be Position at the first end.
  • other types of split structures can also be used, such as a sliding bearing structure in which two arcs or three arcs are combined together, which is not described in detail here.
  • the split sliding upper bearing may be made of Teflon material.
  • Teflon material has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low friction coefficient, good wear resistance and good chemical stability.
  • the split sliding upper bearing can also use other materials well known in the art, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the split-type sliding upper bearing 3 is provided with a plurality of recesses 301 spaced on the inner wall to fit the ring groove 201.
  • the design of the plurality of recesses 301 can reduce the friction area with the motor shaft 2, thereby reducing the friction with the motor shaft 2, and ultimately can improve the service life of the motor shaft.
  • the second step groove 401 When assembling the motor shaft 2 in the accommodating cavity of the motor housing 4, as shown in FIGS.
  • the second step groove 401 together.
  • the second step groove 401 can be used to support the split sliding upper bearing 3, and the split sliding upper bearing 3 is fixed on the motor housing 4 for positioning the first end of the motor shaft 2.
  • the shape and size of the split sliding upper bearing 3 are adapted to the second step groove 401, and can be fixed in the second step groove 401 by glue or other methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the split sliding upper bearing 3 can also be directly fixed on the end surface of the motor housing 4 and will not be described in detail here.
  • the split sliding upper bearing 3 and the second step groove 401 can also be assembled together in an interference fit manner, and the split sliding upper bearing 3 can also be fixed.
  • the sliding lower bearing 7 of the present invention has the structure that the sliding lower bearing 7 is shaped like a cover plate, and a raised ring is provided around the bearing hole 701 on the inner end surface thereof On the table 704, the first step groove 204 of the motor shaft 2 is carried on the ring table 704.
  • a plurality of support portions 702 extending radially outward are distributed on the outer wall of the ring platform 704 in a circumferential direction, and a concave portion 703 is formed between two adjacent support portions 702.
  • the sliding lower bearing 7 can also be made of Teflon material.
  • Teflon material has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, low friction coefficient, good wear resistance and good chemical stability.
  • the sliding lower bearing 7 can also use materials well known in the art, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the motor shaft 2 of the present invention has a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged, which respectively adopt a split sliding upper bearing, and the special structure of the accommodating cavity cooperates with the sliding lower bearing, thereby realizing The bidirectional positioning effect.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on the structure of the motor housing.
  • the stator 6 and the mover 5 are configured to be assembled into the accommodating cavity from the position of the motor housing 4 relative to the second end of the motor shaft 2.
  • a retaining groove 402 for positioning one side of the stator 6 is provided on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; the supporting portion 702 of the sliding lower bearing 7 is configured to be used for positioning the other side of the stator 6 .
  • the stator can be fixed in the accommodating cavity of the motor housing 4.
  • the outer wall of the stator 6 and the wall surface of the accommodating cavity may be adhesively fixed together, or the stator 6 and the accommodating cavity may be assembled together in an interference fit manner.
  • the convenient assembly method is relatively simple.
  • the stator 6 can be effectively prevented from falling off during the operation of the motor.
  • other fixed connection methods well known in the art may also be used, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the stator 6 and the mover 5 may both have a ring structure to facilitate assembly between the two.
  • the mover 5 can be located in the central hole of the stator 6 and the gap between the mover 5 and the stator 6 can be fitted together, the mover 5 can be relative to the stator 6 Rotation occurs; and, the first cylinder 202 of the motor shaft 2 is fixedly connected to the mover 5, and when the mover 5 rotates relative to the stator 6, the motor shaft 2 can be driven to rotate.
  • the structure of the stator 6 may be, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, including a stator core, and a plurality of stator teeth 603 extending toward the mover 5 are distributed on the inner side wall of the stator core along the circumferential direction, A coil 601 is wound around each stator tooth 603, and an end of each stator tooth 603 is provided with a tooth shoe 602, and a plurality of slots are evenly distributed on the surface of the tooth shoe 602 facing the mover 5. Also, the stator teeth 603 of the stator 6 are wound with coils 601. The plurality of recesses 703 designed on the above sliding lower bearing 7 can be used to avoid the coil 601 to realize the placement of the coil 603.
  • the structure of the mover 5 may be, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, including a mover iron core, and a plurality of mover teeth 501 protruding circumferentially on the outer side wall of the mover iron core, two adjacent The mover tooth grooves are formed between the mover teeth 501.
  • both the stator 6 and the mover 5 used in the motor provided by the embodiments of the present invention have a cogging structure, and a stepping motor can be formed.
  • stators and movers of other structures well known in the art may also be used in the motor, and the present invention does not limit this.
  • the stator 6 may be formed by laminating multiple punched pieces.
  • the mover 5 may be formed by laminating a plurality of punches.
  • fixing pieces can be used to fix the punching pieces.
  • the fixing member for example, rivets, screws and other components well known in the art may be used.
  • Multiple punches can also be joined together by welding. Of course, multiple punches can also be combined together in other ways, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • a cold-rolled silicon steel sheet or a hot-rolled silicon steel sheet having a thickness of 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm can be used.
  • This design can effectively reduce the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss, and reduce the heating of the stator core or mover core.
  • the thickness of the silicon steel sheet is thin, it can significantly reduce the eddy current loss and reduce the heating phenomenon of the stator core or mover core.
  • the silicon steel sheet is not easy to be too thin, otherwise it is not easy to process itself, and the strength is relatively low, which is not conducive to stacking multiple silicon steel sheets together, and may even cause a short service life of the stator or mover.
  • stator teeth 603 when the coil 601 is wound on the stator teeth 603, the stator teeth 603 may be insulated in advance so that the coil 601 wound on the stator teeth 603 will not contact the conductive member.
  • stator teeth 603 are insulated, for example, a method of applying insulating paint to the outer wall of the stator teeth 603 may be used. Of course, other insulation treatment methods well known in the art may also be used to make the stator teeth 603 have good insulation.
  • a lead portion for drawing the lead wire of the coil on the stator to the outside may be provided on the motor housing 4 to facilitate the lead wire of the coil.
  • the motor housing 4 may be made of a lightweight metal material, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy, to reduce the weight of the entire motor.
  • the motor of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a load coupling shaft 1 for assembling the load, and the load coupling shaft 1 can be used for assembling the load.
  • the motor shaft 2 in the present invention is designed as a hollow shaft. Designing the motor shaft 2 as a hollow shaft can not only reduce the weight of the motor to a certain extent, but also use the internal space of the motor shaft 2 to assemble the load coupling shaft 1.
  • the load coupling shaft 1 When assembling the load coupling shaft 1, the load coupling shaft 1 can be inserted and fixed in the motor shaft 2. An end of the load coupling shaft 1 extending from the motor shaft 2 extends radially outward to form an installation platform, and the installation platform can carry a load.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to assemble, and fasteners can be omitted during the assembly process.
  • the motor provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to many fields such as electric vehicles or robots, and the present invention does not limit this.
  • the motor of the present invention can be assembled in a plug-in manner.
  • the split sliding upper bearing 3 can be placed in the ring groove 201 of the motor shaft 2, and then the motor shaft 2 can be inserted into the accommodating cavity of the motor housing 4, and The split sliding upper bearing 3 and the motor housing 4 are fixed together by means of glue or interference fit.
  • the stator is inserted from the motor housing 4 at an end away from the split sliding upper bearing 3, the mover is assembled to the first column 202 of the motor shaft 2, and finally the sliding lower bearing 7 is covered.
  • the sliding lower bearing 7 and the motor housing 4 are interference-fitted together, and the first step groove 204 of the motor shaft 2 is carried on the inner end surface of the sliding lower bearing 7, and the second cylinder 203 of the motor shaft 2 penetrates to slide
  • the bearing hole 701 of the lower bearing 7 is clearance matched with the bearing hole 701 to complete the insertion of the motor.

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Abstract

一种电机，包括具有容纳腔的电机外壳（4）；电机轴（2），具有相对的第一端、第二端；电机轴（2）上邻近第一端的位置设有一圈环槽（201）；电机轴（2）从环槽（201）至第二端的位置依次形成有第一柱体（202）、第二柱体（203），并在二者连接的位置形成第一台阶槽（204）；分体式滑动上轴承（3），分体式滑动上轴承（3）间隙配合在环槽（201）内，且被配置为：当电机轴（2）插装到容纳腔内，分体式滑动上轴承（3）固定在电机外壳（4）上，用以对电机轴（2）的第一端定位；固定在容纳腔内的定子（6），和相对于定子（6）转动且固定在第一柱体（202）上的动子（5）；滑动下轴承（7），滑动下轴承（7）固定在电机外壳（4）的底部，电机轴（2）的第二柱体（203）伸入到滑动下轴承（7）的轴承孔（701）中，并与轴承孔（701）间隙配合；电机轴（2）的第一台阶槽（204）承载在滑动下轴承（7）的端面上，以对电机轴（2）的第二端定位。

Description

一种电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，更具体地，本发明涉及一种插装式电机。
背景技术
电机又称为马达，具体是指依据电磁感应定律实现电能转换或者传递的一种电磁装置。电机的主要工作是产生驱动转矩，用以作为各种电器设备或者各种机械装置的动力源。随着电机技术的不断发展，如今电机在各行各业中已经得到了较为广泛的应用。
然而，传统的电机，其轴向的多个零部件之间通常采用紧固件，例如螺钉、螺栓等以串联的方式固定连接在一起。但这样装配方式会造成电机中的紧固件数量较多，装配起来也比较麻烦。并且，采用常规的方式安装电机轴时，电机轴两端部的轴承还需要考虑预留轴承的轴向间隙，这也会使整个装配工艺较为复杂、并造成成本增加。
由此可见，有必要研究新的电机装配结构，以解决现有技术中存在的至少一个问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种电机的新技术方案。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种电机，包括：
具有容纳腔的电机外壳；
电机轴，具有相对的第一端、第二端；所述电机轴上邻近第一端的位置设置有一圈向内凹陷的环槽；所述电机轴从环槽至第二端的位置依次形成有第一柱体、第二柱体，所述第一柱体的尺寸大于第二柱体的尺寸，并在二者连接的位置形成第一台阶槽；
分体式滑动上轴承，所述分体式滑动上轴承间隙配合在环槽内，且被 配置为：当电机轴插装到容纳腔内，分体式滑动上轴承固定在电机外壳上，用以对电机轴的第一端进行定位；
固定在容纳腔内的定子，以及相对于定子转动且固定在第一柱体上的动子；
滑动下轴承，所述滑动下轴承固定在电机外壳的底部，所述电机轴的第二柱体伸入到滑动下轴承设置的轴承孔中，并与所述轴承孔间隙配合；所述电机轴的第一台阶槽承载在滑动下轴承的端面上，以对电机轴的第二端进行定位。
可选地，所述分体式滑动上轴承包括呈半圆形的第一滑动上轴承、半圆形的第二滑动上轴承；所述第一滑动上轴承、第二滑动上轴承分别置入电机轴的环槽中。
可选地，所述容纳腔相对于第一端的位置设置有用于与分体式滑动上轴承固定在一起的第二台阶槽。
可选地，所述分体式滑动上轴承用于与环槽相适配内壁上间隔地设置有多个凹陷。
可选地，所述滑动下轴承呈盖板状，在其内侧端面上围绕轴承孔设置有凸起的环台，所述电机轴的第一台阶槽承载在环台上；所述环台的外壁上沿周向分布有多个径向向外延伸的支撑部，相邻的两个支撑部之间形成凹陷部，所述多个凹陷部被配置为：用于避让定子上缠绕的线圈。
可选地，所述定子和动子被配置为从电机外壳相对第二端的位置装配到所述容纳腔内；在所述容纳腔的内壁上设置有用于定位定子其中一侧的挡槽；所述滑动下轴承的支撑部被配置为用于定位定子的另一侧。
可选地，所述定子包括定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯的内侧壁上沿周向分布有多个朝向所述动子伸出的定子齿，各定子齿上缠绕有线圈，且各定子齿的端部设置有齿靴，所述齿靴上朝向所述动子的一面上均匀分布有多个槽。
可选地，所述动子包括动子铁芯，所述动子铁芯的外侧壁上沿周向伸出有多个动子齿，两相邻的动子齿之间形成动子齿槽。
可选地，所述分体式滑动上轴承和/或滑动下轴承采用特氟龙材料。
可选地，本发明电机，还包括：
用于装配负载的负载联接轴，所述电机轴为中空轴，所述负载联接轴插装固定在所述电机轴内；所述负载联接轴从电机轴中伸出的一端径向向外延伸形成安装台。
本发明实施例提供的电机，对电机轴的结构进行了改进，在装配电机轴时采用分体式滑动上轴承对电机轴的第一端进行定位，采用电机外壳内的特殊的腔体结构以及滑动下轴承共同对电机轴的第二端进行下定位，从而无需紧固件实现了对电机轴的双向定位。本发明中在电机的轴向方向上部件之间可以采用插装的方式结合在一起，可以省去紧固件的应用，从而能使该电机的结构更加简单，装配方式更加方便。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明实施例提供的电机的结构分解图。
图2是本发明实施例提供的电机的剖视图。
图3是本发明实施例提供的电机轴的结构示意图。
图4是图1中A部分的局部放大示意图。
图5是本发明实施例提供的电机轴与分体上轴承、下轴承的结构分解图。
附图标记说明：
1-负载联接轴，2-电机轴，201-环槽，202-第一柱体，203-第二柱体，204-第一台阶槽，3-分体式滑动上轴承，301-凹陷，4-电机外壳，401-第二台阶槽，402-挡槽，5-动子，501-动子齿，6-定子，601-线圈，602-齿靴，603-定子齿，7-滑动下轴承，701-轴承孔，702-支撑部，703-凹陷部，704-环台。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本发明实施例提供了一种电机，参考图1以及图2所示，包括：具有容纳腔的电机外壳4、电机轴2、分体式滑动上轴承3、定子6、动子5以及滑动下轴承7。其中，参考图3所示，电机轴2具有相对的第一端、第二端，且在电机轴2上邻近第一端的位置设置有一圈向内凹陷的环槽201，电机轴2从环槽201至第二端的位置依次形成有第一柱体202、第二柱体203，第一柱体202的尺寸大于第二柱体203的尺寸，并在二者连接的位置形成第一台阶槽204。分体式滑动上轴承3间隙配合在环槽201内，且该分体式滑动上轴承3被配置为：当电机轴2插装到容纳腔内，分体式滑动上轴承3被固定在电机外壳4上，用以对电机轴2的第一端进行定位。定子6固定在容纳腔中，动子5可以相对于定子6转动，动子5固定在第一柱体202上。滑动下轴承7固定在电机外壳4的底部，电机轴2的第二柱体203伸入到滑动下轴承7设置的轴承孔701中，并与轴承孔701间隙配合在一起。电机轴2的第一台阶槽204承载在滑动下轴承7的端面上，用以对电机轴2的第二端进行定位。
本发明实施例提供的电机，对电机轴2的结构进行了改进，在装配电 机轴2时，采用分体式滑动上轴承3对电机轴2的第一端进行定位，还采用电机外壳4内特殊设计的腔体结构以及滑动下轴承7共同对电机轴2的第二端进行定位，从而无需紧固件实现了对电机轴2的双向定位。本发明实施例的电机，在电机的轴向方向上部件之间主要采用插装的方式结合在一起，这样的设计可以在电机的装配过程中省去紧固件的使用，从而能使该电机的结构更加简单、装配方式也更加方便快捷。
本发明的分体式滑动上轴承3，参考图1所示，其结构为：包括呈半圆形的第一滑动上轴承、半圆形的第二滑动上轴承。其中，所述第一滑动上轴承、第二滑动上轴承分别置入电机轴2的环槽201中。在使用该分体式滑动上轴承3时，两个半圆形的第一滑动上轴承和第二滑动上轴承可以对接在一起形成环绕电机轴2的滑动轴承结构，从而可以实现对电机轴2的第一端进行定位。当然，对于本领域的技术人员而言，还可以采用其它样式的分体结构，例如两个圆弧状或者三个圆弧状组合在一起的滑动轴承结构，在此不再具体说明。
具体地，所述分体式滑动上轴承可以采用特氟龙材料制成。其中，特氟龙材料具有耐高温、摩擦系数低、耐磨性好以及化学稳定性好的特点。当然，分体式滑动上轴承还可以采用本领域熟知的其它材料，本发明对此不作限制。
进一步地，分体式滑动上轴承3用于与环槽201相适配内壁上间隔地设置有多个凹陷301。多个凹陷301的设计可以减小与电机轴2的摩擦面积，从而降低与电机轴2之间的摩擦，最终可以提高电机轴的使用寿命。
当将电机轴2装配在电机外壳4的容纳腔内时，参考图1以及图2所示，在容纳腔相对于电机轴2的第一端的位置设置有用于与分体式滑动上轴承3固定在一起的第二台阶槽401。该第二台阶槽401可用于承载住分体式滑动上轴承3，并且分体式滑动上轴承3固定在电机外壳4上，用以对电机轴2的第一端进行定位。
分体式滑动上轴承3的形状、尺寸与第二台阶槽401相适配，并可以通过胶或者本领域技术人员所熟知的其它方式固定在第二台阶槽401中。当然，对于本领域的技术人员而言，分体式滑动上轴承3也可以直接固定 在电机外壳4的端面上，在此不再具体说明。
在本发明的另一个具体实施方式中，还可以将分体式滑动上轴承3与第二台阶槽401以过盈配合的方式装配在一起，也可以实现对分体式滑动上轴承3的固定。
本发明中采用的上述两种方式，在装配分体式滑动上轴承3时都无需使用例如螺钉、铆钉、螺栓等紧固件，但仍然能保证装配的稳固性，并且该装配方式具有简单。当然，在装配分体式滑动上轴承3时，还可以采用本领域熟知的其它固定连接方式，本发明对此不作限制。
本发明的滑动下轴承7，参考图1、图2以及图5所示，其结构为：该滑动下轴承7外形呈盖板状，在其内侧端面上围绕轴承孔701设置有凸起的环台704，电机轴2的第一台阶槽204承载在该环台704上。并且，该环台704的外壁上沿周向分布有多个径向向外延伸的支撑部702，相邻的两个支撑部702之间形成凹陷部703。
其中，滑动下轴承7也可以采用特氟龙材料制成。特氟龙材料具有耐高温、摩擦系数低、耐磨性好以及化学稳定性好的特点。当然，滑动下轴承7还可以采用本领域熟知的材料，本发明对此不作限制。
本发明的电机轴2，具有相对设置的第一端、第二端，其分别采用分体式滑动上轴承，以及容纳腔的特殊结构与滑动下轴承配合，实现了无需紧固件而对电机轴的双向定位作用。
本发明实施例提供的电机，基于电机外壳体的结构，在装配定子和动子时，定子6和动子5被配置为从电机外壳4相对电机轴2第二端的位置装配到容纳腔内。具体地，参考图2所示，在容纳腔的内壁上设置有用于定位定子6其中一侧的挡槽402；滑动下轴承7的支撑部702被配置为：用于定位定子6的另一侧。通过该设计可以将定子固定在电机外壳4的容纳腔内。
可选地，还可以将定子6的外壁与容纳腔的壁面采用粘合剂粘合固定在一起，或者将定子6与容纳腔之间以过盈配合的方式装配在一起。以实现对定子的稳定固定。这两种方式均没有采用固定件，装配方便方式也比较简单。在电机的运行中能有效防止定子6脱落。当然，在容纳腔内固定 定子时，还可以采用本领域熟知的其它固定连接方式，本发明对此不作限制。
其中，定子6和动子5可以均呈环状结构，以便于二者之间的装配。在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，进行装配时，可以使动子5位于定子6的中心孔内，且使动子5与定子6之间间隙配合在一起，动子5能够相对于定子6产生转动；并且，电机轴2的第一柱体202与动子5固定连接在一起，当动子5相对于定子6产生转动时可以带动电机轴2产生转动。
其中，定子6的结构可以为，参考图1以及图4所示，包括定子铁芯，在该定子铁芯的内侧壁上沿周向分布有多个朝向动子5伸出的定子齿603，各个定子齿603上缠绕有线圈601，且各个定子齿603的端部设置有齿靴602，该齿靴602上朝向动子5的一面上均匀分布有多个槽。并且，由于定子6的定子齿603上缠绕有线圈601。上述滑动下轴承7上设计的多个凹陷部703可以用于避让线圈601，以实现对线圈603的安置。
其中，动子5的结构可以为，参考图1以及图4所示，包括动子铁芯，在该动子铁芯的外侧壁上沿周向伸出有多个动子齿501，两相邻的动子齿501之间形成动子齿槽。
从上述的定子6和动子5结构可以看出，本发明实施例提供的电机中所采用的定子6和动子5上均带有齿槽结构，可以形成一种步进电机。
当然，在电机中也可以采用本领域熟知的其它结构的定子和动子，本发明对此不作限制。
其中，参考图1所示，定子6可以由多片冲片叠压构成。动子5也可以由多片冲片叠压形成。
在进行冲片叠压时，多片冲片之间可以采用固定件进行固定。固定件例如可以采用铆钉、螺钉等本领域熟知的部件。多片冲片之间也可以采用焊接的方式结合在一起。当然，多片冲片之间也可以采用其它的方式结合在一起，本发明对此不做限制。
本发明中的冲片例如可以采用厚度为0.25mm-0.5mm的冷轧硅钢片或者热轧硅钢片。这样的设计可以有效减少涡流损耗和磁滞损耗，降低定子铁芯或者动子铁芯发热的情况。实际上，当硅钢片的厚度较薄时，可以显 著的减小涡流损耗，降低定子铁芯或者动子铁芯发热现象。但是，硅钢片也不易过薄，否则本身不易加工，强度也比较低，不利于将多片硅钢片叠压在一起，甚至会造成定子或者动子的使用寿命短。
对于定子6而言，在定子齿603上绕制线圈601时，可以预先对定子齿603进行绝缘处理，以使绕制在定子齿603上的线圈601不会接触到导电件。在对定子齿603进行绝缘处理时例如可以采用在定子齿603的外壁上涂抹绝缘漆的方式。当然，也可以采用本领域熟知的其它绝缘处理方式，以使定子齿603具有良好的绝缘性。
可选地，在电机外壳4上还可以设置有用于将定子上线圈的引出线向外部引出的引线部，以便于将线圈的引出线引出。
可选地，电机外壳4例如可以采用轻质金属材料制成，例如：铝或者铝合金等，以减轻整个电机的重量。
另外，本发明实施例的电机，还包括：用于装配负载的负载联接轴1，该负载联接轴1可用于装配负载。
可选地，将本发明中的电机轴2设计为中空轴。将电机轴2设计为中空轴，不仅可以在一定程度上减轻电机的重量，还可利用电机轴2的内部空间来装配负载联接轴1。
在装配负载联接轴1时，可以将负载联接轴1插装固定在电机轴2内。该负载联接轴1从电机轴2中伸出的一端径向向外延伸形成安装台，该安装台上可以承载负载。
本发明实施例提供的电机，结构简单、装配方便，在装配过程中可以省去紧固件。本发明实施例提供的电机可应用于电动汽车或机器人等诸多领域，本发明对此不作限制。
本发明的电机，可以采用插装的方式进行装配，首先可以将分体式滑动上轴承3置入电机轴2的环槽201中，然后将电机轴2插入电机外壳4的容纳腔中，并使分体式滑动上轴承3与电机外壳4通过胶或者过盈配合的方式固定在一起。
将定子从电机壳体4远离分体式滑动上轴承3的一端开口装入，将动子装配到电机轴2的第一柱体202上，最后盖上滑动下轴承7。滑动下轴 承7与电机壳体4过盈配合在一起，并使电机轴2的第一台阶槽204承载在滑动下轴承7的内侧端面上，电机轴2的第二柱体203穿入滑动下轴承7的轴承孔701，并与轴承孔701间隙配合在一起，完成电机的插装。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机，其特征在于，包括：
    具有容纳腔的电机外壳；
    电机轴，具有相对的第一端、第二端；所述电机轴上邻近第一端的位置设置有一圈向内凹陷的环槽；所述电机轴从环槽至第二端的位置依次形成有第一柱体、第二柱体，所述第一柱体的尺寸大于第二柱体的尺寸，并在二者连接的位置形成第一台阶槽；
    分体式滑动上轴承，所述分体式滑动上轴承间隙配合在环槽内，且被配置为：当电机轴插装到容纳腔内，分体式滑动上轴承固定在电机外壳上，用以对电机轴的第一端进行定位；
    固定在容纳腔内的定子，以及相对于定子转动且固定在第一柱体上的动子；
    滑动下轴承，所述滑动下轴承固定在电机外壳的底部，所述电机轴的第二柱体伸入到滑动下轴承设置的轴承孔中，并与所述轴承孔间隙配合；所述电机轴的第一台阶槽承载在滑动下轴承的端面上，以对电机轴的第二端进行定位。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述分体式滑动上轴承包括呈半圆形的第一滑动上轴承、半圆形的第二滑动上轴承；所述第一滑动上轴承、第二滑动上轴承分别置入电机轴的环槽中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于，所述容纳腔相对于第一端的位置设置有用于与分体式滑动上轴承固定在一起的第二台阶槽。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机，其特征在于，所述分体式滑动上轴承用于与环槽相适配内壁上间隔地设置有多个凹陷。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述滑动下轴承呈盖板状，在其内侧端面上围绕轴承孔设置有凸起的环台，所述电机轴的第一台阶槽承载在环台上；
    所述环台的外壁上沿周向分布有多个径向向外延伸的支撑部，相邻的两个支撑部之间形成凹陷部，所述多个凹陷部被配置为：用于避让定子上 缠绕的线圈。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机，其特征在于，所述定子和动子被配置为从电机外壳相对第二端的位置装配到所述容纳腔内；
    在所述容纳腔的内壁上设置有用于定位定子其中一侧的挡槽；所述滑动下轴承的支撑部被配置为用于定位定子的另一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述定子包括定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯的内侧壁上沿周向分布有多个朝向所述动子伸出的定子齿，各定子齿上缠绕有线圈，且各定子齿的端部设置有齿靴，所述齿靴上朝向所述动子的一面上均匀分布有多个槽。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述动子包括动子铁芯，所述动子铁芯的外侧壁上沿周向伸出有多个动子齿，两相邻的动子齿之间形成动子齿槽。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述分体式滑动上轴承和/或滑动下轴承采用特氟龙材料。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，还包括：
    用于装配负载的负载联接轴，所述电机轴为中空轴，所述负载联接轴插装固定在所述电机轴内；所述负载联接轴从电机轴中伸出的一端径向向外延伸形成安装台。
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