WO2020107362A1 - Générateur d'onde quasi-plane basé sur une antenne réseau - Google Patents

Générateur d'onde quasi-plane basé sur une antenne réseau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020107362A1
WO2020107362A1 PCT/CN2018/118376 CN2018118376W WO2020107362A1 WO 2020107362 A1 WO2020107362 A1 WO 2020107362A1 CN 2018118376 W CN2018118376 W CN 2018118376W WO 2020107362 A1 WO2020107362 A1 WO 2020107362A1
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Prior art keywords
array antenna
quasi
array
plane wave
dual
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PCT/CN2018/118376
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
苗俊刚
孙雪蕾
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北京航空航天大学
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Priority to CN201880025980.7A priority Critical patent/CN110612638B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/118376 priority patent/WO2020107362A1/fr
Publication of WO2020107362A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020107362A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of array antennas, and in particular to a quasi-plane wave generator based on array antennas.
  • the near-field problem will be introduced in 5G millimeter-wave communication. As the electrical size of millimeter-wave base stations increases, the distance to meet the far-field conditions will also increase. Building a dark room that meets the far-field conditions will cost a lot of money and is not suitable for large-scale base stations. Development and production commissioning. In recent years, in order to reduce the test distance required for antenna far-field testing, the near-field test method of antenna radiation characteristics has received extensive attention and research. The more typical schemes are: compact field test scheme, spherical near-field test scheme, etc. The basic principle of the compacted field test scheme is to use the compacted field reflection surface to provide a large quasi-plane wave static area for antenna testing.
  • the advantage is that the test distance is greatly reduced compared with the far field test, and it has a wider frequency band.
  • the large-scale compact field can cover the test bandwidth of hundreds of megabytes to hundreds of gigabytes. Both manufacturing accuracy and installation accuracy are relatively high, which is not suitable for large-scale antenna performance testing and has low testing efficiency.
  • the basic principle of the spherical near-field test scheme is to use a circle of probe antennas arranged in the near-field area around the antenna under test to measure the field distribution of the 360-degree near-field area around the antenna under test by rotating the probe antenna. The Fourier transform is used to calculate the antenna's far-field performance.
  • This test method can also greatly reduce the test distance, but it requires a long test time and requires point-by-point or line-by-line measurement. The measurement efficiency is low. Field distribution measurements at different locations cannot be performed at the same time, resulting in difficulty in phase recovery during active antenna testing. Not suitable for large-scale active antenna performance testing.
  • the antenna performance can be tested using the traditional passive antenna near-field test method and/or far-field test method.
  • the antenna unit or the antenna array cannot be separated from the base station for measurement, so the active antenna needs to be tested by the air interface OTA test method.
  • the traditional compact field test scheme can provide a quasi-plane wave dead zone for the testing of 5G mobile communication base station antennas.
  • German Rohde & Schwarz company also proposed a planar wave converter (Plane Wave Converter) based on an array antenna, which is characterized by the uniform distribution of the array antenna, and the rear end of each antenna channel needs to be connected to the attenuator and phase shifter to the feed amplitude
  • Planar wave converter Plant Wave Converter
  • the control of the phase and the phase makes the rear-end feed network of the system complex and the control cost is high; it uses a single-polarized array antenna to adjust the polarization mode by rotating the entire array, which increases the difficulty of adjusting the polarization mode.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna, including: a two-dimensional array antenna port surface (1), a plurality of dual-polarized array antenna units (2), and an array antenna feed Network (5), amplitude and phase control network (6);
  • the amplitude and phase control network (6) generates multiple feed signals with different amplitude and phases, which are transmitted to each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) through the array antenna feed network (5);
  • the array antenna feed network (5) receives the feed signal from the amplitude and phase control network (6), and transmits it to each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2), providing each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) with The amplitude and phase signals that need to be excited;
  • Each of the dual-polarized array antenna units (2) is arranged in a non-periodic array with unequal intervals, receives a feed signal, and generates a quasi-plane wave;
  • the two-dimensional array antenna mouth surface (1) is used for assembling a dual-polarization array antenna unit (2).
  • it also includes a system control computer (7);
  • the system control computer (7) controls the amplitude attenuation value and phase delay value of the output signal of the amplitude-phase control network (6).
  • the array antenna feed network (5) includes multiple power dividers and multiple polarization switching switches;
  • the polarization switch changes the polarization mode of the dual-polarization array antenna unit (2) connected to it, thereby changing the polarization direction of the quasi-plane wave generator radiating electromagnetic waves;
  • the power divider divides the signal output from the amplitude-phase control network (6) into multiple equal-amplitude, in-phase signals and sends them to each dual-polarization array antenna unit (2).
  • connection method of the power splitter and the polarization switch includes: the polarization switch is directly connected to the antenna unit, the polarization switch is connected to the power splitter circuit, and the polarization switch is placed in the power splitter In the circuit
  • connection mode of the polarization switch and the antenna unit is directly connected: the polarization switch is between the power splitter and the dual-polarization array antenna unit (2), and receives the signal from the power splitter and transmits it to Connected dual-polarization array antenna unit (2);
  • connection method for connecting the polarization switch to the power divider circuit is that the polarization switch is between the amplitude-phase control network and the power divider, and transmits the received feed signal from the amplitude-phase control network (6) To the power divider connected to it;
  • connection mode of the polarization switch in the power splitter circuit is: the polarization switch is between the power splitter and the power splitter, and transmits the feed signal received by the power splitter to each connected Splitters.
  • the circular bottom surface of the quiet zone (8) where the quasi-plane wave is located is parallel to the mouth surface (1) of the two-dimensional array antenna.
  • the dead zone (8) is controlled by an amplitude and phase control network (6) to achieve equal phase plane shift.
  • the offset angle of the quiet zone (8) is between ⁇ 10° in the horizontal direction and ⁇ 8° in the vertical direction.
  • the unequal spacing is arranged in the form of a non-periodic array, and the arrangement manner includes an approximately regular arrangement and/or a random arrangement.
  • the unequal-spaced non-periodic array includes a plurality of antenna sub-arrays (3) with the same structure and/or different structures.
  • the plurality of antenna sub-arrays (3) include the same number and/or different numbers of dual-polarization array antenna elements (2).
  • the structure of the antenna sub-array (3) includes: a circle, an ellipse, and a polygon.
  • principles for dividing or synthesizing the antenna sub-array (3) include: the proximity principle, the similarity principle, and the minimum synthesis channel number principle.
  • the sub-arrays are not equidistant and/or equidistant, the sub-array grid is polygonal, and the sub-array boundary is polygonal.
  • the dual-polarization array antenna units (2) combined into a group by the power divider form an antenna sub-array (3).
  • the power splitter includes a Wilkinson power splitter and a T-type power splitter of one-two, one-four, one-eight.
  • the return loss of each port of the power splitter is less than -10dB, and the isolation is less than -20dB.
  • a wave absorbing material is arranged between the dual-polarization array antenna elements (2).
  • the shape of the mouth surface of the two-dimensional array antenna (1) includes: a circle, an ellipse, and a polygon.
  • the distance between each dual-polarized array antenna element (2) mounted on the mouth surface (1) of the two-dimensional array antenna is between 0.3 times the minimum operating frequency wavelength and 10 times the minimum operating frequency wavelength.
  • the periodic structure is arranged in a non-periodic array with unequal spacing.
  • the non-periodic structure array with unequal spacing at the sub-array level is the position distribution and/or rotation angle distribution of the center of each antenna sub-array (3) in the antenna surface (1) of the two-dimensional array; each antenna The position of the center of the sub-array (3) is a non-periodic distribution with unequal spacing, the rotation angle is any angle, each antenna sub-array (3) does not overlap with each other, and the dual-polarization array of the edge of each antenna sub-array (3)
  • the minimum distance between the antenna elements (2) is greater than a minimum operating frequency wavelength.
  • the unit-level unequal pitch non-periodic structure arrays are two-polar array antenna elements (2) in the two-dimensional array antenna face (1), which are unequal pitch non-periodic structure arrays.
  • the number of dual-polarization array antenna elements (2) in the two-dimensional array antenna mouth surface (1) can be adjusted.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an array layout synthesis scheme that reduces the number of array antenna control signal channels.
  • the array layout synthesis scheme described above combines several signal channels into one signal channel, and uses multiple dual-polarized array antenna elements (2) to form an antenna sub-array (3), which is provided separately for each antenna sub-array (3)
  • the excitation signal can effectively reduce the complexity of the array antenna feed network (5).
  • the polarization direction of the radiated electromagnetic field of the entire quasi-plane wave generator can be controlled without rotating the array antenna.
  • the generated quasi-plane wave dead zone (8) can be shifted with equal phase planes.
  • the embodiments of the present application are low in complexity, economical in cost, and easy to install; the number of control signal channels is small, the feeding network is simple, and the performance stability of the quiet zone (8) is high; the test distance and the space required for the test are small, and the test efficiency is high. Plane wave generator.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power divider of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a direct connection between a polarization switch of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna and an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization switching switch connected to a power splitter circuit of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization switch of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application, which is placed in a power divider circuit;
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the horizontal direction offset of the quasi-plane wave static area of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the vertical deflection of the quasi-plane wave static area of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sub-array arrangement of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an approximately regular array of sub-arrays of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a sub-array grid of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a sub-array boundary of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the shape of a two-dimensional array antenna face of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a non-periodic structure of non-periodic structure at the subarray level of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an array of unequal pitch non-periodic structure arrays at the cell level of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna includes: a two-dimensional array antenna port surface (1) and a plurality of dual-polarization array antenna units (2 ), array antenna feed network (5), amplitude and phase control network (6);
  • the amplitude-phase control network (6) generates multi-channel (multi-channel) feed signals of arbitrary amplitude and arbitrary phase, and transmits them to each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) through the array antenna feed network (5); Amplitude and phase control network (6), set the corresponding signal channel feed amplitude and phase in different frequency bands, and connect the output signal to the quasi-plane wave generator array antenna feed network (5), you can use the array antenna
  • each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) with a fixed unit position and a two-dimensional array antenna face (1) with a constant size are generated according to the frequency band used in the position of the static zone (8) where the same quasi-plane wave is located to meet the design index
  • the required high-quality quasi-plane wave dead zone (8) realizes the broadband design of the quasi-plane wave generator.
  • the array antenna feed network (5) receives the feed signal from the amplitude and phase control network (6), and transmits it to each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2), providing each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) with The amplitude and phase signals that need to be excited.
  • the array antenna feed network (5) is connected to the array antenna feed network (5) and each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) through each transmission line (4), which includes a two-dimensional array antenna face (1) All power splitters and polarization switches between the amplitude and phase control network (6).
  • Each of the dual-polarized array antenna units (2) is arranged in a non-periodic array of unequal intervals, receives a feed signal, and generates a quasi-plane wave; the area where the quasi-plane wave is located is a quiet zone (8);
  • the two-dimensional array antenna face (1) is used for assembling and fixing the dual-polarization array antenna unit (2), and the electrical dimensions of its length and width are 10 to 20 times the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency.
  • the static area (8) is close to a cylinder, the circular bottom of the cylinder is parallel to the mouth of the array antenna, and the central circular cross section of the cylinder is 1 times the antenna mouth to 2 times the antenna mouth from the mouth of the array antenna.
  • the electric field amplitude error is ⁇ 1dB
  • the phase error is ⁇ 7.5°
  • the diameter of the static area (8) is at least 0.5 times the mouth of the two-dimensional array antenna ( 1) Length, the length is at least 10 times the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency.
  • the quasi-plane wave generator further includes a system control computer (7); the system control computer (7) controls the amplitude attenuation value and phase delay value of each signal output by the amplitude and phase control network (6).
  • the array antenna feed network (5) includes multiple power dividers and multiple polarization switches.
  • the polarization switch changes the polarization mode of the dual-polarization array antenna unit (2) connected to it, thereby changing the polarization direction of the quasi-plane wave generator radiating electromagnetic waves;
  • the power divider divides the signal output from the amplitude-phase control network (6) into multiple equal-amplitude, in-phase signals and sends them to each dual-polarization array antenna unit (2).
  • All the power dividers are one-point multiple power dividers composed of one or more one-point two power dividers.
  • the one-fourth power splitter is composed of three one-point two-power splitters, namely the first one-two power splitter and the second one-two power splitter Splitter and the third one-to-two power splitter.
  • the two ends divided by the first one-two power divider are respectively connected to the combining ends of the second one-two power divider and the third one-two power divider to form a one-fourth power divider.
  • connection modes of the power splitter and the polarization switch include: the polarization switch is directly connected to the antenna unit, the polarization switch is connected to the power splitter circuit, and the polarization switch is placed in the power splitter circuit.
  • the direct connection of the polarization switch and the antenna unit is as follows: the polarization switch is between the power splitter and the dual polarized array antenna unit (2), The signal is transmitted to the dual-polarization array antenna unit (2) connected to it.
  • connection mode for connecting the polarization switch to the power splitter circuit is: the polarization switch is between the amplitude-phase control network and the power splitter, and the received amplitude-phase control network (6)
  • the feed signal sent is transmitted to two groups of one-fourth power splitter power splitters connected to it, and each group of one-fourth power splitter is a polarization mode.
  • connection mode of the polarization switch in the power splitter circuit is: the polarization switch is between the power splitter and the power splitter, and transmits the feed signal received by the power splitter Give each power divider connected to it.
  • the circular bottom surface of the quiet zone (8) where the quasi-plane wave is located is parallel to the mouth surface (1) of the two-dimensional array antenna.
  • the offset angle of the quiet zone (8) is between ⁇ 10° in the horizontal direction and ⁇ 8° in the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 6 it is a top view of a horizontal offset of a quasi-plane wave static area of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, where (8) is a quasi-plane wave static area (8), (9) is the placement area of the antenna to be tested.
  • the quasi-plane wave static area (8) center solid line segment and solid line rectangle show the quasi-plane wave static area (8) isophase plane parallel to the array antenna face, the dotted line segment and the dotted line
  • the rectangle shows the quasi-plane wave dead zone (8) when the quasi-plane wave dead zone (8) and other phase planes are shifted in the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 7 it is a schematic diagram of a vertical offset direction of a quasi-plane wave static area of a quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • (8) in the figure is the quasi-plane wave static area (8), the solid line part shows the quasi-plane wave static area (8) isophase plane parallel to the array antenna face; the dashed line shows the quasi-plane wave static area (8), etc.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of sub-array arrangement according to an embodiment of the present application
  • a plurality of dual-polarization array antenna units (2) are arranged in an unequal pitch non-periodic array, and the arrangement method includes an approximately regular arrangement And/or randomly arranged.
  • Approximately regular array as shown in Figure 9, is characterized by: the spacing of each dual-polarized array antenna element (2) in the array is not exactly the same, but the arrangement of each dual-polarized array antenna element (2) has a certain Symmetry, in each dimension, the change of the spacing of each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) has certain mathematical rules.
  • the arrangement of the dual-polarization array antenna elements (2) is completely random, and does not follow any mathematical rules.
  • the unequal pitch non-periodic array includes multiple antenna sub-arrays (3) with the same structure and/or different structures.
  • the structure of the antenna sub-array (3) includes: circular, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, pentagonal and other polygons.
  • Each antenna sub-array (3) includes the same number and/or different numbers of dual-polarization array antenna elements (2).
  • Each antenna sub-array (3) includes: a binary array formed by combining two dual-polarized array antenna units (2), a row array, an array composed of a plurality of dual-polarized array antenna units (2), Triangle array, square array, and polygon array, etc.
  • the principles for dividing or synthesizing the antenna sub-array (3) include: the principle of proximity, the principle of similarity, and the principle of minimum number of synthesized channels.
  • the principle of proximity refers to the selection or division of antenna elements that are close to each other into an antenna sub-array (3);
  • the principle of similarity refers to the division or division of antenna elements whose values and phases of the required feed signals are similar in value or phase Combined into one antenna sub-array (3);
  • the principle of minimum number of combined channels refers to dividing or combining as many dual-polarized array antenna elements (2) as antenna sub-arrays (3) as much as possible, without significantly reducing the accuracy
  • the minimum number of signal channels is synthesized.
  • the antenna sub-arrays (3) are non-equally spaced and/or equally spaced, the sub-array grid is polygonal, including rectangle, trapezoid, triangle, etc.; the sub-array boundary is polygonal, including triangle, rectangle, six Edges, etc.
  • each grid divided into a rectangle and a triangle is a sub-array grid.
  • the hexagon formed by the black line connecting the outermost circles of the dual-polarization array antenna elements (2) is the boundary of the sub-array.
  • the power divider includes: one point two, one point four, one point eight Wilkinson power splitter and T type power splitter.
  • the return loss of each port of the power splitter is less than -10dB, and the isolation is less than -20dB.
  • the dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) includes a dual-polarized parasitic patch antenna, a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna, a dual-polarized dipole antenna, a dual-polarized log periodic antenna, and the like.
  • the dual-polarization array antenna unit (2) has the characteristics of high isolation, low scattering, and low cross-polarization when it is located in the mouth surface (1) of the two-dimensional array antenna.
  • a wave absorbing material is arranged between the dual-polarization array antenna units (2) to reduce the influence of the coupling between the two-dimensional array antenna port surface (1) and the antenna to be measured on the measurement result.
  • the wave absorbing materials include: ferrite wave absorbing materials, dielectric ceramic wave absorbing materials, polycrystalline iron fiber wave absorbing materials, conductive polymer wave absorbing materials, and nano wave absorbing materials.
  • Conductive polymer absorbing materials include: resins, rubbers, polyacetylene.
  • FIG. 12 it is a schematic diagram of the shape of the mouth surface of the two-dimensional array antenna of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the shape of the mouth surface of the two-dimensional array antenna (1) includes: circle, ellipse, and polygon.
  • the polygon includes symmetric polygon and asymmetric polygon, such as: rectangle, parallelogram, triangle, diamond, plane convex polygon (such as pentagon and hexagon, etc.), plane concave polygon (such as: four-pointed star, six-pointed star, Anise star etc.) etc.
  • the distance between each dual-polarized array antenna element (2) mounted on the two-dimensional array antenna mouth surface (1) is between 0.3 times the minimum operating frequency wavelength and 10 times the minimum operating frequency wavelength.
  • a non-periodic array with unequal pitches is implemented by arranging a non-periodic structure of unequal pitch at the subarray level or unit level.
  • the sub-array-level unequal pitch aperiodic structure array is a two-dimensional array antenna interface (1 )
  • the position distribution and/or rotation angle distribution of the center of each antenna sub-array (3); the position of the center of each antenna sub-array (3) is an aperiodic distribution with unequal spacing, the rotation angle is any angle, and each antenna sub-array (3) Do not overlap with each other, and the minimum distance between the dual polarized array antenna elements (2) at the edge of each antenna subarray (3) is greater than a minimum operating frequency wavelength.
  • each dual-polarized array antenna element (2) in the two-dimensional array antenna port surface (1) is unequal pitch
  • the non-periodic structure array, the minimum distance between each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) is greater than a minimum operating frequency wavelength.
  • each dual-polarized array antenna element (2) is arranged in the form of non-periodic arrays with non-uniform pitch.
  • the arrangement of the antenna sub-arrays (3) in the unit-level unequal pitch non-periodic structure array includes equidistant periodic pattern arrangements and unequal pitch non-periodic pattern arrangements.
  • the number of dual-polarization array antenna elements (2) in the two-dimensional array antenna mouth surface (1) can be adjusted.
  • the performance of the generated quasi-plane wave is compensated and corrected until the generated quasi-plane wave The plane wave reaches the standard.
  • the quasi-plane wave generator can also use array antenna mouth surfaces whose mouth surfaces are three-dimensional curved surfaces, such as spherical surfaces, ellipsoidal surfaces, and other forms of curved surfaces.
  • the array antenna unit of the quasi-plane wave generator can also use a single polarization array antenna unit.
  • the single-polarized array antenna unit is connected to the power splitter without a polarization switch, and the polarization mode is changed by rotating the array antenna port.
  • the steps of the quasi-plane wave generator based on the array antenna of the invention to generate the quasi-plane wave include: the system control computer (7) controls the amplitude attenuation value and phase delay value of each signal output by the amplitude and phase control network (6); the system The control computer (7) controls the test equipment to send test signals to the amplitude and phase control network (6); after processing the received test signals, the amplitude and phase control network (6) divides one signal into N signals with unequal amplitude and phase, It is sent to the array antenna feed network (5) and transmitted to each dual-polarized array antenna unit (2) through the array antenna feed network (5) to generate a quasi-plane wave.
  • the quasi-plane wave generator based on the array antenna of the invention can be used to test the antenna under test.
  • the amplitude and phase adjustments are combined into a single signal and sent to the test equipment to observe the received signal.
  • the system control computer (7) receives the signal test results sent by the test equipment for analysis and processing.
  • the test equipment includes signal sources, spectrum analyzers, and vector network analyzers. When generating quasi-plane waves, it is a signal source, spectrum analyzer, etc.; when testing the antenna to be tested, it is a spectrum analyzer, vector network analyzer, etc. device.
  • This quasi-plane wave generator can cover a wider frequency band in the dark box or work site, and has good high frequency performance.
  • the frequency is divided into more frequency bands. For example, my country has divided 2.5-2.7 GHz, 3.4-3.6 GHz, and 4.8-5.0 GHz in the frequency band below 6 GHz.
  • the embodiments of the present application can cover the frequency band below 6 GHz.
  • the embodiments of the present application can cover the bandwidth of one octave, and can also be extended to working frequency bands including 29 GHz, 38 GHz and above in the millimeter wave band.
  • the quasi-plane wave generator can be installed in a dark box of a set size, and can also be directly applied to the production site. It can be used for production site inspection of base station antennas, mobile phone antennas, and millimeter wave antennas. It can also be applied to the real system working environment. The radio frequency index and antenna index of 5G mobile communication base stations and millimeter wave band terminals are measured under working conditions.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an array layout synthesis scheme that reduces the number of array antenna control signal channels.
  • the array layout synthesis scheme described above combines several signal channels into one signal channel at the front end, and uses multiple dual-polarized array antenna elements (2) to form an antenna sub-array (3). For each antenna sub-array (3) Providing the excitation signal alone can effectively reduce the complexity of the array antenna feed network (5).
  • the polarization direction of the radiated electromagnetic field of the entire quasi-plane wave generator is controlled without rotating the array antenna.
  • the generated quasi-plane wave dead zone (8) can be shifted with an equal phase plane, and the offset angle is between ⁇ 10° in the horizontal direction and ⁇ 8° in the vertical direction.
  • the error caused by the turntable mechanically rotating the antenna under test can be reduced.
  • the embodiment of the present application has low complexity, economical cost, and simple installation; the number of control signal channels is small, the feeding network is simple, and the performance stability of the quiet zone (8) is high; the test distance and the space required for test are small, and the test efficiency is high.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un générateur d'onde quasi-plane basé sur une antenne réseau. Le générateur comprend une ouverture d'antenne réseau bidimensionnelle, des unités d'antenne réseau à double polarisation, un réseau d'alimentation d'antenne réseau, un réseau de commande de phase d'amplitude et un ordinateur de commande de système. L'ordinateur de commande de système commande la taille d'une valeur d'atténuation d'amplitude et une valeur de retard de phase de chaque trajet de signaux générés par le réseau de commande de phase d'amplitude, et commande un dispositif de test pour envoyer un signal de test au réseau de commande de phase d'amplitude ; le réseau de commande de phase d'amplitude divise le signal de test reçu en de multiples trajets de signaux ayant différentes amplitudes et phases, envoie les multiples trajets de signaux au réseau d'alimentation d'antenne réseau, et transmet les multiples trajets de signaux à chaque unité d'antenne réseau à double polarisation au moyen du réseau d'alimentation d'antenne réseau pour générer une onde quasi-plane. Le réseau d'alimentation d'antenne réseau comprend une pluralité de diviseurs de puissance et un commutateur de changement de polarisation. Le mode de polarisation de chaque unité d'antenne réseau à double polarisation est modifié au moyen du commutateur de changement de polarisation ; les signaux émis par le réseau de commande de phase d'amplitude sont divisés en de multiples trajets de signaux ayant la même amplitude et la même phase au moyen des diviseurs de puissance, et les signaux sont envoyés à chaque unité d'antenne réseau à double polarisation.
PCT/CN2018/118376 2018-11-30 2018-11-30 Générateur d'onde quasi-plane basé sur une antenne réseau WO2020107362A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2018/118376 WO2020107362A1 (fr) 2018-11-30 2018-11-30 Générateur d'onde quasi-plane basé sur une antenne réseau

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