WO2020103838A1 - 高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法及系统 - Google Patents

高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法及系统

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Publication number
WO2020103838A1
WO2020103838A1 PCT/CN2019/119525 CN2019119525W WO2020103838A1 WO 2020103838 A1 WO2020103838 A1 WO 2020103838A1 CN 2019119525 W CN2019119525 W CN 2019119525W WO 2020103838 A1 WO2020103838 A1 WO 2020103838A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing capacity
acceleration
foundation
ramming
tamping
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/119525
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
崔新壮
金青
王洁茹
王艺霖
李骏
张小宁
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Priority to US17/042,612 priority Critical patent/US11384504B2/en
Publication of WO2020103838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020103838A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/068—Vibrating apparatus operating with systems involving reciprocating masses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E01C19/40—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight adapted to impart a smooth finish to the paving, e.g. tamping or vibrating finishers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C21/00—Apparatus or processes for surface soil stabilisation for road building or like purposes, e.g. mixing local aggregate with binder
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/09—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by piezoelectric pick-up

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and system for real-time determination of the bearing capacity of high-speed hydraulic ramming compacted foundation.
  • High-speed hydraulic tamping machine is widely used in the work blind area of large ramming machinery such as earth and stone corners, backfilling area of bridge and culvert abutment with its good maneuverability, controllability and safety, as well as many types of foundation compaction such as parking lot, airport and highway In the project, the single-point or continuous compaction requirements for the tamping working surface were met.
  • the method of sampling inspection is generally used in the process of hydraulic ramming, and the quality measurement is carried out through the measured indicators after tamping, that is, the degree of compaction, the number of standard penetration hits, etc., or the bearing plate test is used to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation.
  • the quality measurement is carried out through the measured indicators after tamping, that is, the degree of compaction, the number of standard penetration hits, etc., or the bearing plate test is used to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation.
  • these methods are inefficient and have large safety risks. Therefore, adopting advanced technology to intelligently transform the hydraulic tamping machine, reasonably, efficiently, and accurately monitor the tamping effect of the soil body and the change trend of the bearing capacity in real time are of great significance for ensuring the tamping quality and improving the efficiency of the ramming implementation.
  • the present invention proposes a real-time determination method and system for the bearing capacity of high-speed hydraulic tamping foundation.
  • the present invention can accurately locate the ramming point and remotely monitor the ramming effect of each point, eliminating a lot of complicated tests after ramming High precision avoids the problems of probability and inefficiency of manual sampling.
  • a real-time determination method for the bearing capacity of high-speed hydraulic rammed foundation includes the following steps:
  • the soil can be rammed multiple times.
  • the peak change trend of the ram plate acceleration changes from fast to slow, and gradually stabilizes, and finally stabilizes within a certain range. curve;
  • the settlement axis is used as the abscissa and the load is used as the ordinate to establish the coordinate axis.
  • a smooth curve is used to connect sequentially to obtain the settlement.
  • the relationship curve between acceleration and foundation bearing capacity is obtained, and the acceleration index is used to determine the magnitude of foundation bearing capacity at a certain moment in the process of hydraulic tamping.
  • the acceleration sensor is a piezoelectric acceleration sensor.
  • the acceleration sensor when the acceleration sensor is installed, four device embedding grooves with the same size as the sensor are left along the edge of the ram plate, and holes are tapped around the four corners of the groove to weld the four sensors to Four mounting substrates, and punch holes in the four corners of the mounting substrate, the punching position is adapted to the punching position of the groove, cover the upper side of the four grooves with the sensor board on the reverse side, and use bolts fixed.
  • the main sensitivity axis of the acceleration sensor is aligned with the measured impact load direction.
  • the acceleration index is used to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation at a certain moment in the process of hydraulic tamping.
  • the corresponding foundation bearing capacity reaches its design value.
  • the critical acceleration is used as a measure to continue to compact other ramming points on the same road section.
  • a real-time determination system for the bearing capacity of high-speed hydraulic rammed foundation includes:
  • the GPS positioning system is set in the wireless acceleration sensor to locate the ramming point, and the ramming point position information and the single-point ramming plate acceleration are simultaneously obtained through the remote processor;
  • the processor receives the detection value of the wireless acceleration sensor, obtains the ramming point position information, obtains the corresponding settlement amount under different loads, and is configured to establish the coordinate axis with the settlement amount as the abscissa and the load as the ordinate, according to each group Plot the test data and connect them in sequence with a smooth curve to obtain the settlement-load curve, and then fit the curve;
  • the relationship curve between acceleration and foundation bearing capacity is obtained, and the acceleration index is used to determine the magnitude of foundation bearing capacity at a certain moment in the process of hydraulic tamping.
  • the invention adopts a wireless acceleration sensor, which is convenient to install and use, supports multiple network topologies, eliminates the tedious on-site wiring, avoids the noise brought by the cable, has high measurement accuracy and strong anti-interference ability;
  • a GPS positioning system is embedded inside to accurately locate the ramming point.
  • the remote processor simultaneously acquires the ramming point position information and single-point ramming plate acceleration, and grasps the working state of the hydraulic ram and the dynamic changes of the foundation bearing capacity reflected by the acceleration index in real time.
  • Figure 1 is a working principle diagram of the hydraulic ram of this embodiment
  • Figure 2 is the mechanical model of this embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a frequency response curve of bolt installation in this embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is the frequency response curve of the permanent magnet adsorption installation in this embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tamper plate with a square groove left in this embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a relationship curve between the number of ramming times and the peak value of the ram plate acceleration in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a relationship curve between foundation bearing capacity and acceleration in this embodiment.
  • azimuth or position relationship is based on the azimuth or position relationship shown in the drawings, and is a relationship word determined only for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of each component or element of the present invention, and does not specifically refer to any component or element of the present invention and cannot be understood as a Limitations of invention.
  • the invention provides a method for remotely monitoring the compaction effect of a foundation, and an acceleration sensor with a data wireless transmission module and a GPS global positioning system is installed on the compaction plate of a hydraulic compaction machine. By comparing the test data under multiple installation methods, the installation method with the best frequency response characteristics is selected to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results. Establish the relationship curve between acceleration and tamping times, foundation bearing capacity and tamping times, and then fit the relationship curve between acceleration and foundation bearing capacity, so as to use real-time acceleration indicators to monitor the compaction effect of foundation soil in real time and determine whether the ramming work needs to be continued.
  • High-speed hydraulic tamping adopts advanced hydraulic control system, which can achieve continuous tamping, and the size and number of times of tamping energy can be set according to the site conditions. Its working principle is shown in Figure 1.
  • the hydraulic cylinder lifts the ram to a certain height and releases it. After the ram is dropped at high speed, it is rammed on the ram plate that is statically pressed on the surface of the soil by the buffer force transmission device. The compaction effect of foundation soil.
  • v 11 is the initial velocity of the ram
  • v 21 is the initial velocity of the ram
  • v 12 is the velocity of the ram after the collision
  • v 22 is the velocity of the ram after the collision.
  • h is the drop height of the tamper
  • g is the acceleration of gravity
  • ⁇ is the afterburning coefficient of the hydraulic system.
  • v 12 or v 22 is the speed when the tamper and the tamper plate work together.
  • the shear modulus G is related to the Poisson's ratio ⁇ of the soil and the radius of the rammed plate.
  • the wireless acceleration sensor is an intelligent device that involves multiple fields such as sensing, sampling, and radio frequency. It converts the physical signal of acceleration into an electrical signal that is easy to measure. After amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion, the digital signal is finally obtained. Data storage and display by the computer. Compared with ordinary acceleration sensors, wireless acceleration sensors are easy to install and use, support multiple network topologies, eliminate the tedious on-site wiring, avoid noise caused by cables, have high measurement accuracy, and strong anti-interference ability.
  • a GPS positioning system is embedded inside to accurately locate the ramming point. The remote computer simultaneously obtains the ramming point position information and single-point ramming plate acceleration, and grasps the working state of the hydraulic ram and the dynamic changes of the foundation bearing capacity reflected by the acceleration index in real time.
  • An acceleration sensor is an electronic device capable of measuring acceleration. Acceleration sensors made with traditional processes are difficult to meet the requirements of modern science and technology, so wireless micro acceleration sensors made with emerging micro-processing technology came into being. There are mainly piezoresistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric types.
  • the piezoresistive acceleration sensor uses the principle of the spring mass system to make a resistance measurement bridge made of semiconductor materials. It has great flexibility and can meet different measurement requirements, but it is greatly affected by temperature.
  • the structure of the capacitive acceleration sensor generally adopts a spring mass system. Under the action of acceleration, the mass moves, changing the gap between the fixed electrode and the capacitance value, thereby changing the capacitance value. It has high sensitivity, zero frequency response, The characteristics of good environmental adaptability, the disadvantage is that the input and output of the signal are non-linear, the range is limited, the cost is high, and the scope of application is limited.
  • the piezoelectric acceleration sensor also uses the principle of the spring mass system.
  • the mass of the sensitive core is subjected to a vibration acceleration to produce a force proportional to the acceleration.
  • the piezoelectric material is subjected to this force and forms a force along the surface that is proportional to the force It is widely used by people because of its large dynamic range, wide frequency range and little external interference. But compared with the former two, its biggest disadvantage is that it can not measure the signal of zero frequency.
  • piezoelectric acceleration sensors are preferred.
  • the natural frequency of the sensor is related to hardness and quality.
  • the main sensitivity axis should be aligned with the measured impact load direction during installation.
  • the peak acceleration of the ram plate and ram can establish a certain relationship with the soil parameters, but the relationship curve of the ram plate has a good correlation. Therefore, the peak value of the ram plate acceleration is used to reflect the compaction effect of the soil Representative.
  • the wireless acceleration sensor is actually a system that integrates the data collection module with acceleration as the core, the data preprocessing module with the microprocessor as the core, the wireless transmission module with the radio frequency chip as the core, and the micro-battery energy module in a housing.
  • the client configuration, system installation, data source setting, database change, and test data source are performed in sequence, and then double-click to run.
  • the controller Under normal temperature conditions, the controller outputs a scan signal of 10 Hz to 40000 Hz in a self-closed loop
  • the static load test of the foundation is conducted on the site: different loads p are applied to the foundation to obtain the corresponding settlement s under different loads, with the settlement s as the abscissa and the load p as the vertical
  • the present invention is used to determine the change in foundation bearing capacity during the process of high-speed hydraulic ramming.
  • the backfill is 1-2m deep
  • the impact energy of the hydraulic ram is set to 50kJ
  • the design value of the foundation bearing capacity is 180kPa.
  • the equipment required for the test are: Tai'an Evergrande's Tamshen hydraulic tamping machine, pressure plate, data acquisition instrument, and laptop computer.
  • the ramming energy of 50kJ can be used for 20 times of ramming on the soil, and the peak value of the ram plate acceleration and the number of ramming are recorded.
  • the static load test of the foundation is carried out on the site: different loads p are applied to the foundation to obtain the corresponding settlement s under different loads, and the p-s curve is made;
  • the relationship between foundation bearing capacity and ramming times and peak acceleration and ramming times is established. According to this relationship, when the acceleration reaches 262g, the bearing capacity of the foundation reaches the design value of 180kPa, and the tamping can be stopped at this time. Therefore, it can be said that when the acceleration reaches this critical value, the bearing capacity of the foundation reaches the design value, so this critical acceleration can be used as a measurement index to continue to tamping other ramming points on the same road section, greatly improving the efficiency of ramming work .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法及系统，沿夯板边缘均匀布置四个无线加速度传感器，确定每个无线加速度传感器的定位夯点；以一定的夯击能对土体进行多次夯击，夯板加速度峰值变化趋势由快到慢，逐渐趋于平稳，最终稳定在某一范围内，确定夯击次数与夯板加速度峰值的关系曲线；在地基上施加不同的荷载，得到不同荷载下对应的沉降量，以沉降量为横坐标，以荷载为纵坐标建立坐标轴，根据各组试验数据描点，用平滑的曲线顺次连接，得到沉降量-荷载曲线，对该曲线用拟合；得到夯击次数与地基承载力的关系；结合两个关系曲线，得到加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，利用加速度指标确定液压夯夯实工作中某一时刻地基承载力的大小。

Description

高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法及系统。
背景技术
随着基础设施建设的持续发展，地基处理工程规模不断扩大，工程机械也日益朝着智能化、机电一体化方向发展。高速液压夯实机以其良好的机动性、可控性和安全性广泛应用在土石方边角、桥涵台背回填区等大型夯实机械的工作盲区以及停车场、机场和高速公路等多类地基压实工程中，满足了对夯实作业面单点或连续的压实要求。
目前，液压夯施工过程中普遍使用抽样检测的方法，通过夯实后的实测指标，即压实度、标准贯入击数等进行质量监控，或采用承载板试验确定地基承载力。但是，在大规模的地基处理工程中，这些方法效率低并存在较大的安全隐患。因此，采取先进技术将液压夯实机进行智能化改造，合理、高效、准确地对土体夯实效果和承载力变化趋势进行实时监测，对于保证夯实质量、提高夯实施工效率具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述问题，提出了一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法及系统，本发明能够精准定位夯点，远程监测每一点的夯实效果，省去了夯后的大量繁杂试验，精度高，避免了人工抽样检测的概率性和低效率的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，包括以下步骤：
沿夯板边缘均匀布置四个无线加速度传感器，确定每个无线加速度传感器的定位夯点；
以一定的夯击能对土体进行多次夯击，夯板加速度峰值变化趋势由快到慢，逐渐趋于平稳，最终稳定在某一范围内，确定夯击次数与夯板加速度峰值的关系曲线；
在地基上施加不同的荷载，得到不同荷载下对应的沉降量，以沉降量为横坐标，以荷载为纵坐标建立坐标轴，根据各组试验数据描点，用平滑的曲线顺次连接，得到沉降量-荷载曲线，对该曲线用拟合；
利用一定夯击次数下对应的夯沉量，反算地基承载力的大小，得到夯击次数与地基承载力的关系；
结合两个关系曲线，得到加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，利用加速度指标确定液压夯夯实工作中某一时刻地基承载力的大小。
作为进一步的限定，所述加速度传感器为压电式加速度传感器。
作为进一步的限定，所述加速度传感器安装时，沿夯板边缘留出四个与传感器尺寸一致的器件埋设凹槽，在凹槽的四个角周围打孔攻丝，分别将四个传感器焊接于四块安装基板上，并在安装基板的四个角打孔，打孔位置与凹槽的打孔位置相适配，将装有传感器的基板反面朝上盖在四个凹槽上部，并用螺栓固定。
作为进一步的限定，安装前，在凹槽四面涂抹重机械油。
作为进一步的限定，安装时，使得加速度传感器的主灵敏度轴和所测量的冲击荷载方向成一条直线。
作为进一步的限定，利用加速度指标确定液压夯夯实工作中某一时刻地基承载力的大小。
作为进一步的限定，当加速度达到某一临界值时，对应的地基承载力即达到其设计值。
作为进一步的限定，利用临界加速度作为衡量指标继续对同一路段的其他夯点进行夯实。
一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定系统，包括：
沿夯板边缘均匀布置的四个无线加速度传感器，所述无线加速度传感器接收夯击时夯板加速度峰值变化趋势；
无线加速度传感器内设置GPS定位系统，定位夯点，通过远端处理器同时获取夯点位置信息和单点夯板加速度；
处理器，接收所述无线加速度传感器的检测值，获取夯点位置信息，获取不同荷载下对应的沉降量，被配置为以沉降量为横坐标，以荷载为纵坐标建立坐标轴，根据各组试验数据描点，用平滑的曲线顺次连接，得到沉降量-荷载曲线，对该曲线用拟合；
利用一定夯击次数下对应的夯沉量，反算地基承载力的大小，得到夯击次数与地基承载力的关系；
结合两个关系曲线，得到加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，利用加速度指标确定液压夯夯实工作中某一时刻地基承载力的大小。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明采用无线加速度传感器，安装使用方便，支持多种网络拓扑结构，免除了现场布线的繁琐，避免了电缆带来的噪声，测量精度高，抗干扰能力强；
在内部埋设GPS定位系统，精准定位夯点，通过远端处理器同时获取夯点位置信息和单点夯板加速度，实时掌握液压夯的工作状态以及加速度指标所反映的地基承载力变化动态。
建立加速度与夯击次数、地基承载力与夯击次数的关系曲线，进而拟合加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，从而利用加速度指标实时监测地基土的夯实效果，判断夯实工作是否需要继续；
省去了夯后的大量繁杂试验，精度高，避免了人工抽样检测的概率性和低效率的问题，为地基处理工程的质量控制提供了一种有效处理方法。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。
图1是本实施例的液压夯工作原理图；
图2是本实施例的力学模型；
图3是本实施例的螺栓安装频响曲线；
图4是本实施例的高强粘合剂安装频响曲线；
图5是本实施例的用永磁铁吸附安装频响曲线；
图6是本实施例的留有方槽的夯板简图；
图7是本实施例的俯视简图；
图8是本实施例的传感器焊接于安装基板上的示意图；
图9是本实施例的夯击次数与夯板加速度峰值的关系曲线；
图10是本实施例的静载荷试验的p-s曲线；
图11是本实施例的夯沉量与夯击次数的关系曲线；
图12是本实施例的夯击次数与地基承载力的关系曲线；
图13是本实施例的地基承载力与加速度关系曲线。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
在本发明中，术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，只是为了便于叙述本发明各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词，并非特指本发明中任一部件或元件，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中，术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理解，表示可以是固定连接，也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中 间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员，可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本发明中的具体含义，不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明提出一种远程监测地基夯实效果的方法，在液压夯实机的夯板上安装具有数据无线传输模块和GPS全球定位系统的加速度传感器。通过对多种安装方式下的试验数据进行比对，选择频响特性最佳的安装方式，以保证测量结果的准确性。建立加速度与夯击次数、地基承载力与夯击次数的关系曲线，进而拟合加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，从而利用加速度指标实时监测地基土的夯实效果，判断夯实工作是否需要继续。同时，通过GPS系统精准定位夯点，远程监测每一点的夯实效果，省去了夯后的大量繁杂试验，精度高，避免了人工抽样检测的概率性和低效率的问题，为地基处理工程的质量控制提供了一种有效处理方法。
主要基于的原理包括:
(1)高速液压夯实机的工作原理
高速液压夯采用先进的液压控制系统，能够实现连续夯实，并且夯实能量的大小与作用次数可以根据现场情况自行设定。其工作原理如图1所示。液压缸将夯锤提升至一定高度后释放，夯锤高速落下后通过缓冲传力装置夯击在静压于测点土体表面的夯板上，以夯击力和机器重力的合力共同实现对地基土的夯实作用。
(2)地基夯实过程中存在一系列复杂的动力响应变化，主要涉及两个动力作用过程：①夯锤与夯板的碰撞；②夯板与土体的相互作用
①夯锤与夯板的碰撞：夯锤在液压系统与自身重力的共同作用下快速下落，通过传力的缓冲装置夯击在夯板上。设夯锤的质量是m 1，夯板的质量是m 2，两物体在同一条直线上运动并发生碰撞，根据动量守恒定理有，
m 1v 11+m 2v 21＝m 1v 12+m 2v 22   (1)
式中：v 11为夯锤初速度；v 21为夯板初速度；v 12为碰撞后夯锤运动速度；v 22为碰撞后夯板运动速度。
设
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000001
为恢复系数。当k＝0时，为完全非弹性碰撞；k＝1时，为完全弹性碰撞；当0≤k≤1时，为非完全弹性碰撞，这时，由于机械摩擦，发声发热以及空气阻力等引起能量损耗，能量不守恒，但动量守恒。对于夯锤，在自身重力以及液压系统的共同作用下，在与夯板碰撞之前的瞬间有，
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000002
式中：h为夯锤下落高度；g为重力加速度；μ为液压系统的加力系数。
在夯锤与夯板与夯板碰撞前的瞬间，v 21＝0，由于碰撞瞬间十分短暂，土体的变形可以忽略，属于完全非弹性碰撞，
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000003
则
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000004
将(2)式代入，有
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000005
v 12或者v 22为夯锤与夯板共同作用时的速度。
②夯板与土体的相互作用
将夯板与土体的共同作用看作非完全弹性碰撞半空间夯实模型，当夯板与土体碰撞后，以速度v 22对土体产生作用，从而实现对土体的夯实。根据图2，建立运动方程：
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000006
式中：Z(t)为夯板的位移；
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000007
为夯板的位移；
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000008
为夯板的加速度；G 0为夯锤对夯板的冲击力；C z、k z分别为将地基看作是阻尼-弹簧体系的竖向阻尼系数和弹簧刚度，其数值与土体的剪切模量G，土体的泊松比λ以及夯板的半径有关。其表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000009
根据振动力学求解上述方程，令无阻尼系统圆频率
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000010
阻尼比
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000011
参数
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000012
有阻尼圆频率
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000013
再根据边界条件代入求解，可得到夯板的加速度
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000014
作为夯板的加速度不仅考虑了液压夯夯板的相关参数，如面积、质量等，还考虑了土体的性质，如弹性模量、泊松比、阻尼系数等，因此，该指标可以用来反映液压夯工作过程中土体的夯实效果，进而预测其承载力变化。
(3)无线加速度传感器工作原理
无线加速度传感器是一个涉及传感、采样、射频等多领域的智能化设备，它将加速度这一物理信号转换为便于测量的电信号，经过放大、滤波，再进行模数转换得到数字信号，最后由计算机进行数据存储和显示。相比于普通加速度传感器，无线加速度传感器安装使用方便，支持多种网络拓扑结构，免除了现场布线的繁琐，避免了电缆带来的噪声，测量精度高，抗干扰能力强。在内部埋设GPS定位系统，精准定位夯点，通过远端计算机同时获取夯点位置信息和单点夯板加速度，实时掌握液压夯的工作状态以及加速度指标所反映的地基承载力变化动态。
具体实施步骤包括:
(1)加速度传感器类型的选取
加速度传感器是一种能够测量加速度的电子设备。以传统工艺制作的加速度传感器难以满足现代科技的要求，因此应用新兴的微加工技术制作的无线微加速度传感器应运而生，主要有压阻式、电容式、压电式几种类型。
a)压阻式加速度传感器利用弹簧质量系统原理，以半导体材料制成电阻测量电桥，灵活性大，能满足不同的测量要求，但是受温度影响较大。
b)电容式加速度传感器的结构形式一般也采用弹簧质量系统，在加速度作用下，质量块产生运动，改变与固定电极之间的间隙，进而使电容值发生变化，具有灵敏度高、零频响应、环境适应性好的特点，缺点是信号的输入与输出为非线性，量程有限，成本高，适用范围有限。
c)压电式加速度传感器同样采用弹簧质量系统原理，敏感芯体质量受振动加速度作用后产生一个与加速度成正比的力，压电材料受此力作用后沿其表面形成与这一力成正比的电荷信号，其动态范围大、频率范围宽、受外界干扰小，被人们广泛选用。但与前两者相比，其最大的缺点是不能测量零频率的信号。
综合上述条件，同时考虑到施工现场的环境因素，首选压电式加速度传感器。
(2)安装位置的选取以及数据采集系统的安装与调试
传感器的固有频率是同硬度和质量有关的。为保证较高的共振频率，在安装时应使其主灵敏度轴和所测量的冲击荷载方向成一条直线。通过试夯发现，夯板与夯锤的加速度峰值都能与土体参数建立一定的关系，但是夯板的关系曲 线具有良好的相关性，因此用夯板加速度峰值来反映土体的夯实效果更具代表性。我们沿夯板边缘均匀布置四个加速度传感器，为避免偶然误差，测量结果取平均值(夯板刚度足够大)。
无线加速度传感器实际上就是将以加速度为核心的数据采集模块、微处理器为核心的数据预处理模块、射频芯片为核心的无线传输模块，以及微电池能量模块集成并封存在一个外壳内的系统。通过无线通信，在笔记本电脑中依次进行客户端配置、安装系统、设置数据源、更改数据库、测试数据源，最后双击运行。
(3)试夯确定安装方式
在夯击过程中会产生强烈的冲击荷载，为获得较高的安装共振频率，加速度传感器要和测试点良好接触，并要求安装的谐振频率大于被测信号的5～10倍以上，同时不能有水平或垂直方向的滑动。任何能影响其特性的安装方式都会使固有频率发生改变，目前对以下四种可实现的安装方式进行试验：
a)在夯板上分别采取不同的安装方式进行传感器安装
b)在常温条件下，控制器以自闭环方式输出10Hz～40000Hz的扫描信号
c)采集数据，得到不同安装方式下的频率响应特性。具体结果如图3-5所示。
三种安装方式特性比较：
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2019119525-appb-000016
由于冲击时具有很大的瞬态能量，故传感器与夯板的连接必须十分可靠。首选刚性螺钉连接。具体安装步骤如下：
a)沿夯板边缘留出四个与传感器尺寸一致的器件埋设凹槽，在四面涂抹重机械油，以改善耦合作用，精准测量高频响应；
b)在其四个角周围打孔攻丝；
c)分别将四个传感器焊接于四块安装基板上，并在安装基板的四个角打孔；
d)将装有传感器的基板反面朝上盖在四个凹槽上部，并用绝缘双头螺栓固定。避免出现缝隙(防止土质松软时，夯板大幅度沉入土体内，破坏传感器)。安装模型如图6-8。
(5)夯击次数与夯板加速度峰值的关系曲线
以一定的夯击能对土体进行20次夯击，夯板加速度峰值变化趋势由快到慢，然后逐渐趋于平稳，最终稳定在某一小范围内。
(6)夯击次数与地基承载力的关系
a)根据地基静荷载的试验标准，在现场进行地基静荷载试验：在地基上施加不同的荷载p，得到不同荷载下对应的沉降量s，以沉降量s为横坐标，以荷载p为纵坐标建立坐标轴，根据各组试验数据描点，用平滑的曲线顺次连接，得到s-p曲线。对该曲线用p＝a+bs+cs 2+ds 3拟合，得到拟合参数a，b，c，d，相关系数R 2为0.99，拟合效果较好。因此，已知夯沉量可以反算地基承载力的大小。
b)记录每次夯击后，夯沉量与夯击次数的关系；
c)根据已绘制的p-s曲线，利用一定夯击次数下对应的夯沉量，反算地基承载力的大小，从而得到夯击次数与地基承载力的关系。
(7)地基承载力与加速度关系曲线
根据图(9)和图(12)，可以得到加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线。通过这个关系，我们可以利用加速度指标确定液压夯夯实工作中某一时刻地基承载力的大小。当加速度达到某一临界值时，对应的地基承载力就达到了其设计值，因此可以利用这一临界加速度作为衡量指标继续对同一路段的其他夯点进行夯实，可以大大提高夯实工作的效率。
实例一：
以某高速公路桥台处回填土夯实质量监测为试验点，采用本发明确定高速液压夯夯实过程中的地基承载力变化。该处回填土深1-2m，液压夯冲击能设为50kJ，地基承载力设计值为180kPa。试验所需设备有：泰安恒大的夯神牌液压夯实机、承压板、数据采集仪、笔记本电脑。
通过加速度指标确定该地基承载力的步骤如下：
1.加速度传感器及其数据采集系统的安装。
(1)在夯板上，沿边缘呈“十字形”开设四个和传感器大小一致的凹槽，并在凹槽四个角周围打孔；
(2)将加速度传感器焊接在安装基板上，并在安装基板上打孔(尺寸与步骤1中一致)；
(3)在凹槽四周涂抹重机械油；
(4)将焊接加速度传感器的安装基板反面朝上盖在凹槽上方，用绝缘双头螺栓固定，避免出现缝隙。
(5)在笔记本上进行客户端配置、安装系统、设置数据源、更改数据库、测试数据源，最后双击运行。
2.夯板加速度峰值与夯击次数关系的建立
以50kJ的夯击能对土体进行20次夯击，记录夯板加速度峰值与夯击次数。
3.地基承载力与夯击次数关系的分析
(1)根据地基静荷载的试验标准，在现场进行地基静荷载试验：在地基上施加不同的荷载p，得到不同荷载下对应的沉降量s，并作p-s曲线；
(2)记录每次夯击后，夯沉量与夯击次数的关系；
(3)根据已绘制的p-s曲线，利用一定夯击次数下对应的夯沉量，反算地基承载力的大小，从而得到夯击次数与地基承载力的对应关系。
4.地基承载力与加速度之间关系的建立
根据地基承载力与夯击次数的关系以及峰值加速度与夯击次数的关系，建立地基承载力与峰值加速度之间的关系。根据这一关系可以知道，当加速度达 到262g时，地基承载力达到设计值180kPa，这时可以停夯。因此可以说，当加速度达到这一临界值时，地基承载力就达到了设计值，因此可以利用这一临界加速度作为衡量指标继续对同一路段的其他夯点进行夯实，大大提高了夯实工作的效率。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，其特征是：包括以下步骤：
    沿夯板边缘均匀布置四个无线加速度传感器，确定每个无线加速度传感器的定位夯点；
    以一定的夯击能对土体进行多次夯击，夯板加速度峰值变化趋势由快到慢，逐渐趋于平稳，最终稳定在某一范围内，确定夯击次数与夯板加速度峰值的关系曲线；
    在地基上施加不同的荷载，得到不同荷载下对应的沉降量，以沉降量为横坐标，以荷载为纵坐标建立坐标轴，根据各组试验数据描点，用平滑的曲线顺次连接，得到沉降量-荷载曲线，对该曲线拟合；
    利用一定夯击次数下对应的夯沉量，反算地基承载力的大小，得到夯击次数与地基承载力的关系；
    建立加速度与夯击次数、地基承载力与夯击次数的关系曲线，结合两个关系曲线，拟合加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，得到加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，利用加速度指标确定液压夯夯实工作中某一时刻地基承载力的大小。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，其特征是：所述加速度传感器为压电式加速度传感器。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，其特征是：所述加速度传感器安装时，沿夯板边缘留出四个与传感器尺寸一致的器件埋设凹槽，在凹槽的四个角周围打孔攻丝，分别将四个传感器焊接于四块安装基板上，并在安装基板的四个角打孔，打孔位置与凹槽的打孔位置相适配， 将装有传感器的基板反面朝上盖在四个凹槽上部，并用螺栓固定。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，其特征是：安装前，在凹槽四面涂抹重机械油。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，其特征是：安装时，使得加速度传感器的主灵敏度轴和所测量的冲击荷载方向成一条直线。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，其特征是：利用加速度指标确定液压夯夯实工作中某一时刻地基承载力的大小。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，其特征是：当加速度达到某一临界值时，对应的地基承载力即达到其设计值。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法，其特征是：利用临界加速度作为衡量指标继续对同一路段的其他夯点进行夯实。
  9. 一种高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定系统，其特征是：包括：
    沿夯板边缘均匀布置的四个无线加速度传感器，所述无线加速度传感器接收夯击时夯板加速度峰值变化趋势；
    无线加速度传感器内设置GPS定位系统，定位夯点，通过远端处理器同时获取夯点位置信息和单点夯板加速度；
    处理器，接收所述无线加速度传感器的检测值，获取夯点位置信息，获取不同荷载下对应的沉降量，被配置为以沉降量为横坐标，以荷载为纵坐标建立坐标轴，根据各组试验数据描点，用平滑的曲线顺次连接，得到沉降量-荷载曲线，对该曲线拟合；
    利用一定夯击次数下对应的夯沉量，反算地基承载力的大小，得到夯击次数与地基承载力的关系；
    建立加速度与夯击次数、地基承载力与夯击次数的关系曲线，结合两个关系曲线，拟合加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，得到加速度与地基承载力的关系曲线，利用加速度指标确定液压夯夯实工作中某一时刻地基承载力的大小。
PCT/CN2019/119525 2018-11-20 2019-11-19 高速液压夯夯实地基承载力实时确定方法及系统 Ceased WO2020103838A1 (zh)

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