WO2020103358A1 - Solar cell sheet and solar cell assembly - Google Patents

Solar cell sheet and solar cell assembly

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Publication number
WO2020103358A1
WO2020103358A1 PCT/CN2019/077769 CN2019077769W WO2020103358A1 WO 2020103358 A1 WO2020103358 A1 WO 2020103358A1 CN 2019077769 W CN2019077769 W CN 2019077769W WO 2020103358 A1 WO2020103358 A1 WO 2020103358A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main electrode
solar cell
conductive
cell sheet
electrical isolation
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2019/077769
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
夏承周
赵子石
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夏承周
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Publication date
Application filed by 夏承周 filed Critical 夏承周
Publication of WO2020103358A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020103358A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/0248Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
    • H01L31/0352Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
    • H01L31/035272Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/035281Shape of the body
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02Details
    • H01L31/0224Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • H01L31/022441Electrode arrangements specially adapted for back-contact solar cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0512Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module made of a particular material or composition of materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
    • H01L31/068Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
    • H01L31/0682Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells back-junction, i.e. rearside emitter, solar cells, e.g. interdigitated base-emitter regions back-junction cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/547Monocrystalline silicon PV cells

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a solar cell, and particularly relates to a solar cell sheet and a solar cell component.
  • a solar cell is a device that can convert received sunlight into electrical energy. Its substrate is usually a thin sheet made of crystalline silicon.
  • the base resistance of the solar cell and the internal resistance of the soldering strip between the cells in the module will cause losses in the cell and the module, and ultimately reduce the output power of the module itself.
  • the currently commonly used method is to completely cut a single cell into n equal halves and then weld them in series (the so-called "tile").
  • the disadvantage of this method is that it increases the cutting loss of the battery sheet and also increases the complexity of the welding process.
  • the use of the component series welding tape introduces the resistance of the welding tape itself, which increases the heat loss of the line resistance, and as the width of the main grid line of the battery becomes narrower in design, the difficulty of welding becomes more and more difficult.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solar cell sheet and a solar cell module, which can change the structure of the conductive circuit of the cell sheet without changing the structure of the cell sheet under the premise of maximally maintaining the current production process of the cell sheet.
  • the use of the tape basically only requires the use of conductive glue or conductive paste for bonding.
  • a solar cell sheet includes a cell body.
  • the front side of the body has horizontally arranged conductive fine grid lines and several front main electrodes arranged vertically.
  • the back of the body has several back main electrodes.
  • a front main electrode is provided on the body The edge of the front side, the remaining front main electrodes are distributed in the middle of the front of the body; the back main electrode is located on the edge of the other side of the back of the body, the remaining back main electrode corresponds to the position of the front main electrode in the middle, and is set by
  • the conductive hole realizes the conduction between the front and back main electrodes in the middle, and all the side positions of the front main electrode in the middle near the edge are provided with electrical isolation grooves for electrical isolation of the PN junction. Electrical isolation grooves for electrically isolating the conductive field of the back surface are also provided at the side of the back main electrode in the middle near the edge of the back main electrode side.
  • the conductive holes are composed of perforations distributed on the front and back main electrodes and conductive metal paste filled in the perforations.
  • the front main electrode and the back main electrode are continuous conductive printed circuits or segmented conductive printed circuits.
  • a solar cell module includes a plurality of single strings connected by a welding tape, and each single string is composed of a plurality of solar cell sheets stacked on top of each other through the front and back main electrodes of the edges of adjacent solar cell sheets and passed The conductive adhesive or conductive paste is connected in series.
  • the solar cell can solve the problem of "stacking tiles" by cutting and physically separating the whole cell by changing the design of the battery conductive circuit on the premise of maximizing the current production process of the cell.
  • the solar module adopting the invention has the advantages of small shading area, large effective area and low heat loss. Therefore, it is possible to generate more electrical energy output under the same solar module area.
  • FIG. 1a and 1b are schematic diagrams of the front and back sides of a conventional solar cell, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional solar cell.
  • FIG 3 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional solar cell string.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of the front and back sides of the solar cell sheet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar cell sheet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the solar cell string of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar cell string of the present invention.
  • the solar cell sheet of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 5, as in the prior art, it also includes a cell body 5, the cell body 5 is divided into three layers, and the front layer is a PN junction 101.
  • the back layer is the back conductive field 102, and the middle layer is the crystalline silicon matrix 103.
  • the back conductive field is aluminum back field or PN junction.
  • the front side of the main body has conductive thin grid lines 2 arranged horizontally and several front main electrodes 6a (ie front main grid lines) arranged vertically, and the rear side of the body has several rear main electrodes 6b (ie rear main grid lines) arranged vertically.
  • a front main electrode 6a is provided on the edge of the front side of the body, and the remaining front main electrodes 6a (as an example, shown schematically as two, the actual situation can be any).
  • the spacing is distributed in the middle of the front of the body.
  • a rear main electrode 6b is provided on the edge of the other side of the back of the body, the remaining rear main electrode 6b corresponds to the position of the front main electrode 6a in the middle, and the central positive and rear main electrodes 6a, 6b are realized by providing conductive holes 7 Conduction between.
  • all the middle front main electrodes 6a are provided with electrical isolation grooves 8 on the side near the edge of the front main electrode 6a side, and can be grooved by laser or other tools to achieve physical and electrical isolation of the PN junction; all middle
  • the back side main electrode 6b is also provided with electrical isolation grooves 8 on the side of the back side main electrode 6b side toward the edge, and the grooves are slotted by tools such as laser to achieve electrical isolation of the back conductive field.
  • the conductive hole 7 is composed of perforations distributed on the front and back main electrodes 6a and 6b and conductive metal paste filled in the perforations.
  • the number of conductive holes is as much as possible according to electrical requirements, but considering the brittleness of the battery and the processing cost, the number is controlled, and the optimized number is 3-12. However, as the size of the battery becomes larger, the number may be as many as dozens.
  • the front main electrode 6a and the back main electrode 6b are continuous conductive printed circuits or segmented conductive printed circuits, and have an unlimited width and shape.
  • the average width of the main electrode is generally not more than 3mm.
  • the spacing of the fine grid lines of parallel spaced wires is not more than 5mm.
  • electrical isolation trenches can also be fabricated using chemical etching or other methods.
  • the width is several micrometers to several millimeters, and the depth only needs to pass through the PN junction and the back conductive field. Sex.
  • the electrical isolation of the aluminum back field is achieved through an electrical isolation groove.
  • the fine grid lines on the front of the body may be discontinuous, that is, the conductive fine grid lines in each area divided by the front main electrode are connected to the front main electrode at one end and not connected to the front main electrode at the other end.
  • a strip-shaped grid-free region 21 (as shown in FIG. 4a) extending along the front main electrode is formed at a position, and the width of the strip-shaped grid-free region is larger than the width of the electrical isolation groove, which is tens of micrometers to several millimeters
  • the electrical isolation trench is located inside the area without gate lines. By forming a stripe-shaped grid-free area at the position where the electrical isolation trench is to be formed next to the front main electrode, the electrical isolation trench is made by cutting inside the strip-shaped grid-free area. Since it is not in contact with the fine grid line, the conductive fine grid line is formed in this way The conductive powder will not fall into the electrical isolation groove, thus ensuring the electrical isolation effect.
  • the aluminum back field may not be monolithic, but discontinuous.
  • one side of the aluminum back field in each area divided by the back main electrode is connected to the back main electrode, and the other side is not connected to the back main electrode, thereby forming an extension along the back main electrode on the back of the body
  • the strip-shaped aluminum-free back field area replaces the electrical isolation groove on the back of the body. This structure eliminates the need to cut the electrical isolation groove on the back.
  • the back side of the body is also provided with conductive thin gate lines laterally, which has the same structure as the front side of the body.
  • the thin gate lines in each block area divided by the back main electrode are also connected to the main electrode at one end , The other end is not connected to the main electrode, so that a strip-shaped grid-free region extending along the direction of the back main electrode is formed at the position of the electrical isolation trench, and the electrical isolation trench is located in the strip-shaped grid-free region.
  • the solar cell formed in this way can receive light to generate electricity on both sides.
  • main electrodes 6a and 6b on the front and back sides of the edge can also be used to superimpose and bond with the soldering tape to make a solar module.
  • the solar cell module of the present invention includes a plurality of connected single strings.
  • Each single string consists of a plurality of the above solar cells passing through the front and back main electrodes of the edges of adjacent solar cells 6a and 6b are stacked on each other and connected in series by conductive adhesive or conductive paste bonding.
  • solar cell strings can be constructed. Several of these battery strings can be connected to each other in series / parallel through conductive welding tape, and then can be built into solar modules through lamination, lamination, packaging and other links.
  • the main electrodes 6a and 6b on the edges of the adjacent single strings are connected to each other by a conductive solder tape.
  • the solar cell module and solar cell of the present invention have the following advantages:
  • the solar cell can ensure the integrity of the whole cell by changing the design of the conductive circuit under the premise of maintaining the current production process of the cell to the utmost, and solve the problem that the whole cell needs to be cut and physically separated to achieve "tiling" "The problem;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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Abstract

Disclosed is a solar cell sheet, comprising a cell sheet body, wherein one front main electrode is arranged at an edge of one side of a front face of the body, and the remaining front main electrodes are distributed at intervals in the middle of the front face of the body; and one rear main electrode is arranged at an edge of the other side of a rear face of the body, the remaining rear main electrodes correspond to the front main electrodes in the middle in terms of position, conductive holes are provided to realize conduction between the front and the rear main electrodes in the middle, an electrical isolation groove is arranged at a position beside each front main electrode in the middle, on one side close to the front main electrode at the edge, and an electrical isolation groove is also arranged at a position beside each rear main electrode in the middle, on one side close to the rear main electrode at the edge. A solar cell assembly is also disclosed. The present invention can solve the problem that an entire cell needs to be cut and physically separated to realize "imbrication" by changing the design of a conductive circuit while maintaining the current cell sheet production process to the greatest extent.

Description

一种太阳能电池片及太阳能电池组件Solar cell sheet and solar cell component 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于太阳能电池、具体涉及一种太阳能电池片及太阳能电池组件。The invention belongs to a solar cell, and particularly relates to a solar cell sheet and a solar cell component.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能电池片是一种能把接收到的太阳光转换为电能的器件,其基体通常是由晶体硅制造得到的薄片。A solar cell is a device that can convert received sunlight into electrical energy. Its substrate is usually a thin sheet made of crystalline silicon.
就外观而言,当前太阳能电池片常见的规格为边长156mm x 156mm,采用5条主栅线的太阳能电池片。而随着技术的进步和对电池片功率的要求不断提高,电池片的面积和使用的主栅线条数也在逐渐变大变多,也使得组件上需要更多的焊带(通常为涂锡铜带)来焊接主栅线并使电池片串联起来。请见图1a、1b、2、3,图中,1为太阳能电池片,2为细栅线,3a、3b分别为正、背面的主电极(也即是主栅线),4为焊带。In terms of appearance, the current common specifications of solar cells are 156mm in length and 156mm in length, and use 5 main grid lines. With the advancement of technology and the increasing demand for battery power, the area of the battery and the number of main grid lines used are gradually becoming larger and more, which also requires more solder strips on the components (usually tinned Copper tape) to solder the main grid and connect the cells in series. Please refer to Figures 1a, 1b, 2, and 3. In the figure, 1 is a solar cell, 2 is a thin grid line, 3a and 3b are the main electrodes on the front and back sides (that is, the main grid line), and 4 is the solder ribbon. .
众所周知,太阳能电池的基体电阻和组件内电池片之间连接焊带的内阻会引起电池片和组件内部的损耗,最终降低组件本身的输出功率。As we all know, the base resistance of the solar cell and the internal resistance of the soldering strip between the cells in the module will cause losses in the cell and the module, and ultimately reduce the output power of the module itself.
太阳能电池的基体内阻引起的损耗,主要是通过单片电池的电流因基体内阻而引起的热损耗,如果能将单片电池分割成n个小片然后再串联起来,那么每个小片上产生的电流将变成一个整片的1/n,从而减小了热损耗(依据电流热损耗公式P=I 2R)。但是要达到这个目的,目前普遍采用的方式是将单片电池完全切开成n个等分小片后再串联焊接起来(即所谓“叠瓦”)。该方法的缺点是增加了电池片的切割损耗,也增加了焊接工艺的复杂程度。 The loss caused by the internal resistance of the solar cell is mainly the heat loss caused by the current through the monolithic battery. If the monolithic battery can be divided into n small pieces and then connected in series, then each small piece will produce The current will become 1 / n of a whole piece, thereby reducing the heat loss (according to the current heat loss formula P = I 2 R). However, to achieve this goal, the currently commonly used method is to completely cut a single cell into n equal halves and then weld them in series (the so-called "tile"). The disadvantage of this method is that it increases the cutting loss of the battery sheet and also increases the complexity of the welding process.
而组件串联焊带的使用又引入了焊带本身的电阻,增加了线电阻的热损耗,并且随着电池主栅线的宽度在设计上越来越窄,焊接的难度也越来越大。The use of the component series welding tape introduces the resistance of the welding tape itself, which increases the heat loss of the line resistance, and as the width of the main grid line of the battery becomes narrower in design, the difficulty of welding becomes more and more difficult.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种太阳能电池片及太阳能电池组件,能够在最大限度保持当前电池片生产工艺的前提下,通过改变电池片导电线路的结构,在不对电池片做分离切割的情况下,实现电池片内不同小片之间电学串联,达到类似“叠瓦”的效果,从而克服现有技术中存在整片电池需要切割并物理分离的问题,同时也最大限度地减少了传统焊带的使用,基本上只需要使用导电胶或导电浆料进行粘结即可。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solar cell sheet and a solar cell module, which can change the structure of the conductive circuit of the cell sheet without changing the structure of the cell sheet under the premise of maximally maintaining the current production process of the cell sheet. Under the circumstances, realize the electrical series connection between different small pieces in the battery slice to achieve a similar effect of "tiling", thereby overcoming the problem that the entire battery needs to be cut and physically separated in the prior art, while also minimizing traditional welding The use of the tape basically only requires the use of conductive glue or conductive paste for bonding.
为了实现上述技术创新,本发明采用如下的技术方案:In order to realize the above technical innovation, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一方面,一种太阳能电池片,包括电池片本体,本体正面具有横向设置的导电细栅线及纵向设置的数条正面主电极,本体背面具有数条背面主电极,一正面主电极设于本体正面一侧的边缘,其余正面主电极间隔分布于本体正面的中间;一背面主电极设于本体背面另一侧的边缘,其余背面主电极与位于中间的正面主电极位置相对应,且通过设置导电孔实现中间的正、背面主电极之间的导电,且所有位于中间的正面主电极靠向边缘的正面主电极一侧的旁边位置均设有实现PN结电学隔离的电学隔离槽,所有位于中间的背面主电极靠向边缘的背面主电极一侧的旁边位置也均设有实现背面导电场电学隔离的电学隔离槽。On the one hand, a solar cell sheet includes a cell body. The front side of the body has horizontally arranged conductive fine grid lines and several front main electrodes arranged vertically. The back of the body has several back main electrodes. A front main electrode is provided on the body The edge of the front side, the remaining front main electrodes are distributed in the middle of the front of the body; the back main electrode is located on the edge of the other side of the back of the body, the remaining back main electrode corresponds to the position of the front main electrode in the middle, and is set by The conductive hole realizes the conduction between the front and back main electrodes in the middle, and all the side positions of the front main electrode in the middle near the edge are provided with electrical isolation grooves for electrical isolation of the PN junction. Electrical isolation grooves for electrically isolating the conductive field of the back surface are also provided at the side of the back main electrode in the middle near the edge of the back main electrode side.
所述导电孔由分布在正、背面主电极上的穿孔及填充在穿孔中的导电金属浆料构成。The conductive holes are composed of perforations distributed on the front and back main electrodes and conductive metal paste filled in the perforations.
所述正面主电极、背面主电极为连续式导电印刷线路或者分段式导电印刷线路。The front main electrode and the back main electrode are continuous conductive printed circuits or segmented conductive printed circuits.
另一方面,一种太阳能电池组件,包括多个通过焊带相连的单串,每个单串由多个太阳能电池片通过相邻太阳能电池片的边缘的正、背面主电极相互叠置并通过导电胶或导电浆料粘接相串联构成。On the other hand, a solar cell module includes a plurality of single strings connected by a welding tape, and each single string is composed of a plurality of solar cell sheets stacked on top of each other through the front and back main electrodes of the edges of adjacent solar cell sheets and passed The conductive adhesive or conductive paste is connected in series.
采用本发明的一种太阳能电池片及太阳能电池组件,具有以下几个优点:The solar cell sheet and solar cell module of the present invention have the following advantages:
1、该太阳能电池片能在最大限度保持当前电池片生产工艺的前提下,通过改变电池导电线路的设计,解决整片电池需要切割并物理分离而实现 “叠瓦”的问题;1. The solar cell can solve the problem of "stacking tiles" by cutting and physically separating the whole cell by changing the design of the battery conductive circuit on the premise of maximizing the current production process of the cell.
2、相比于传统组件,可以通过简单的导电胶或导电浆料粘结即可实现大片电池的单串连接。2. Compared with traditional components, single string connection of large batteries can be achieved by simple conductive adhesive or conductive paste bonding.
3、相比于传统组件,采用本发明的太阳能组件具有遮光面积小,有效面积大,热损耗低等优点。从而实现了在相同的太阳能组件面积的情况下,可以产生更多的电能输出。3. Compared with traditional modules, the solar module adopting the invention has the advantages of small shading area, large effective area and low heat loss. Therefore, it is possible to generate more electrical energy output under the same solar module area.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明:The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
图1a、1b分别是传统的太阳能电池片的正、背面的结构示意图。1a and 1b are schematic diagrams of the front and back sides of a conventional solar cell, respectively.
图2是传统的太阳能电池片的剖视示意图。2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional solar cell.
图3是传统的太阳能电池串的剖视图。3 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional solar cell string.
图4a、4b分别是本发明的太阳能电池片的正、背面的结构示意图。4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of the front and back sides of the solar cell sheet of the present invention.
图5是本发明的太阳能电池片的剖视示意图。5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar cell sheet of the present invention.
图6是本发明的太阳能电池串的结构示意图。6 is a schematic structural view of the solar cell string of the present invention.
图7是本发明的太阳能电池串的剖视示意图。7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the solar cell string of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明的太阳能电池片如图4a、4b、5所示,与现有技术相同的是,同样也包括电池片本体5,电池片本体5分为三层,正面的一层为PN结101,背面的一层为背面导电场102,中间一层为为晶体硅基体103。背面导电场为铝背场或是PN结。The solar cell sheet of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 5, as in the prior art, it also includes a cell body 5, the cell body 5 is divided into three layers, and the front layer is a PN junction 101. The back layer is the back conductive field 102, and the middle layer is the crystalline silicon matrix 103. The back conductive field is aluminum back field or PN junction.
本体正面具有横向设置的导电细栅线2及纵向设置的数条正面主电极6a(即正面主栅线),本体背面具有纵向设置的数条背面主电极6b(即背面主栅线)。不同的是,一正面主电极6a设于本体正面一侧的边缘,其余正面主电极6a(作为实例,图中示意显示为两条,实际情况可为任意条)随边缘的正面主电极6a等间距分布于本体正面的中间。一背面主电极6b设于本体背面另一侧的边缘,其余背面主电极6b与位于中间的正面主电极6a位置相对应,且通过设置导电孔7实现中间的正、背面主电极6a、6b 之间的导电。且所有中间的正面主电极6a靠向边缘的正面主电极6a一侧的旁边位置均设有电学隔离槽8,可采用激光等工具开槽,以实现PN结的物理及电学隔离;所有中间的背面主电极6b靠向边缘的背面主电极6b一侧的旁边位置也均设有电学隔离槽8,采用激光等工具开槽,以实现背面导电场的电学隔离。The front side of the main body has conductive thin grid lines 2 arranged horizontally and several front main electrodes 6a (ie front main grid lines) arranged vertically, and the rear side of the body has several rear main electrodes 6b (ie rear main grid lines) arranged vertically. The difference is that a front main electrode 6a is provided on the edge of the front side of the body, and the remaining front main electrodes 6a (as an example, shown schematically as two, the actual situation can be any). The spacing is distributed in the middle of the front of the body. A rear main electrode 6b is provided on the edge of the other side of the back of the body, the remaining rear main electrode 6b corresponds to the position of the front main electrode 6a in the middle, and the central positive and rear main electrodes 6a, 6b are realized by providing conductive holes 7 Conduction between. Moreover, all the middle front main electrodes 6a are provided with electrical isolation grooves 8 on the side near the edge of the front main electrode 6a side, and can be grooved by laser or other tools to achieve physical and electrical isolation of the PN junction; all middle The back side main electrode 6b is also provided with electrical isolation grooves 8 on the side of the back side main electrode 6b side toward the edge, and the grooves are slotted by tools such as laser to achieve electrical isolation of the back conductive field.
导电孔7由分布在正、背面主电极6a、6b上的穿孔及填充在穿孔中的导电金属浆料构成。导电孔的数量按电学要求是越多越好,但考虑到电池片的脆性及加工成本,对其数量有所控制,优化数量为3-12个。但随着电池片尺寸的变大,数量也可能多达几十个。The conductive hole 7 is composed of perforations distributed on the front and back main electrodes 6a and 6b and conductive metal paste filled in the perforations. The number of conductive holes is as much as possible according to electrical requirements, but considering the brittleness of the battery and the processing cost, the number is controlled, and the optimized number is 3-12. However, as the size of the battery becomes larger, the number may be as many as dozens.
正面主电极6a、背面主电极6b为连续式导电印刷线路或者分段式导电印刷线路,具有不限定的宽度及形状。主电极的平均宽度一般为不大于3mm。The front main electrode 6a and the back main electrode 6b are continuous conductive printed circuits or segmented conductive printed circuits, and have an unlimited width and shape. The average width of the main electrode is generally not more than 3mm.
平行间隔的导线细栅线的间距不大于5mm。The spacing of the fine grid lines of parallel spaced wires is not more than 5mm.
电学隔离槽除了激光制作外,还可以采用化学蚀刻或其它方法制作。宽度为数个微米至数个毫米,深度只要透过PN结和背面导电场即可,不切断晶体硅基体103,主要功能是断开隔离槽左右两侧的电学连接,但不破坏电池片的完整性。In addition to laser fabrication, electrical isolation trenches can also be fabricated using chemical etching or other methods. The width is several micrometers to several millimeters, and the depth only needs to pass through the PN junction and the back conductive field. Sex.
当本体背面整块为铝背场,即铝背场是连续的情况下,通过电学隔离槽来实现铝背场的电学隔离。When the entire block on the back of the body is an aluminum back field, that is, in the case where the aluminum back field is continuous, the electrical isolation of the aluminum back field is achieved through an electrical isolation groove.
本体正面的细栅线可以是不连续的,即被正面主电极分割的各块区域内的导电细栅线一端与正面主电极相连,另一端不与正面主电极相连,从而在电学隔离槽的位置形成沿正面主电极延伸的条状无栅线区域21(如图4a中所示),该条状无栅线区域宽度要比电学隔离槽的宽度大,为数十微米至数个毫米,电学隔离槽位于无栅线区域内部。通过在正面主电极旁欲形成电学隔离槽的位置设置条状无栅线区域,在条状无栅线区域内部切割制作电学隔离槽,由于不与细栅线接触,这样形成导电细栅线的导电粉末就不会落入电学隔离槽中,从而保证了电学隔离效果。The fine grid lines on the front of the body may be discontinuous, that is, the conductive fine grid lines in each area divided by the front main electrode are connected to the front main electrode at one end and not connected to the front main electrode at the other end. A strip-shaped grid-free region 21 (as shown in FIG. 4a) extending along the front main electrode is formed at a position, and the width of the strip-shaped grid-free region is larger than the width of the electrical isolation groove, which is tens of micrometers to several millimeters The electrical isolation trench is located inside the area without gate lines. By forming a stripe-shaped grid-free area at the position where the electrical isolation trench is to be formed next to the front main electrode, the electrical isolation trench is made by cutting inside the strip-shaped grid-free area. Since it is not in contact with the fine grid line, the conductive fine grid line is formed in this way The conductive powder will not fall into the electrical isolation groove, thus ensuring the electrical isolation effect.
铝背场也可以不是整块的,而是不连续的。在这种情况下,被背面主电极分割的各块区域内的铝背场一侧边与背面主电极相连,另一侧边不与 背面主电极相连,从而在本体背面形成沿背面主电极延伸的条状无铝背场区域从而代替本体背面的电学隔离槽。这样的结构,免去了在背面切割电学隔离槽。The aluminum back field may not be monolithic, but discontinuous. In this case, one side of the aluminum back field in each area divided by the back main electrode is connected to the back main electrode, and the other side is not connected to the back main electrode, thereby forming an extension along the back main electrode on the back of the body The strip-shaped aluminum-free back field area replaces the electrical isolation groove on the back of the body. This structure eliminates the need to cut the electrical isolation groove on the back.
当背面导电场为PN结时,本体背面也横向设置导电细栅线,与本体正面具有同样的结构,该背面的被背面主电极分割的各块区域内的细栅线也是一端与主电极相连,另一端不与主电极相连,从而在电学隔离槽的位置形成沿背面主电极方向延伸的条状无栅线区域,电学隔离槽位于条状无栅线区域内。这样形成的太阳能电池片两面都能受光发电。When the conductive field on the back side is a PN junction, the back side of the body is also provided with conductive thin gate lines laterally, which has the same structure as the front side of the body. The thin gate lines in each block area divided by the back main electrode are also connected to the main electrode at one end , The other end is not connected to the main electrode, so that a strip-shaped grid-free region extending along the direction of the back main electrode is formed at the position of the electrical isolation trench, and the electrical isolation trench is located in the strip-shaped grid-free region. The solar cell formed in this way can receive light to generate electricity on both sides.
另外,边缘的正、背面主电极6a、6b也可以用来与焊带叠置粘结,制作太阳能组件。In addition, the main electrodes 6a and 6b on the front and back sides of the edge can also be used to superimpose and bond with the soldering tape to make a solar module.
结合图6~图7所示,本发明的太阳能电池组件,包括多个相连的单串,每个单串由多个上述的太阳能电池片通过相邻太阳能电池片的边缘的正、背面主电极6a、6b相互叠置并通过导电胶或导电浆料粘接相串联构成。如图6、图7所示,即可构建成太阳能电池串。数个该类电池串,通过导电焊带做互相串/并联连接,再经过叠层、层压、封装等环节,即可构建成太阳能组件。As shown in FIGS. 6-7, the solar cell module of the present invention includes a plurality of connected single strings. Each single string consists of a plurality of the above solar cells passing through the front and back main electrodes of the edges of adjacent solar cells 6a and 6b are stacked on each other and connected in series by conductive adhesive or conductive paste bonding. As shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, solar cell strings can be constructed. Several of these battery strings can be connected to each other in series / parallel through conductive welding tape, and then can be built into solar modules through lamination, lamination, packaging and other links.
相邻单串边缘的正、背面主电极6a、6b间通过导电焊带实现互相连接。The main electrodes 6a and 6b on the edges of the adjacent single strings are connected to each other by a conductive solder tape.
综上所述,采用本发明的太阳能电池组件及其太阳能电池片,具有以下几个优点:In summary, the solar cell module and solar cell of the present invention have the following advantages:
1、该太阳能电池片能在最大限度保持当前电池片生产工艺的前提下,通过改变导电线路的设计,能保证整片电池的完整性,解决整片电池需要切割并物理分离而实现“叠瓦”的问题;1. The solar cell can ensure the integrity of the whole cell by changing the design of the conductive circuit under the premise of maintaining the current production process of the cell to the utmost, and solve the problem that the whole cell needs to be cut and physically separated to achieve "tiling" "The problem;
2、在太阳能组件的焊接过程中最大限度地减少了传统焊带的使用,基本上只需要导电胶或导电浆料即可。大大简化了装配过程,提高了产品可靠性。2. In the welding process of solar modules, the use of traditional welding tape is minimized, and basically only conductive adhesive or conductive paste is needed. This greatly simplifies the assembly process and improves product reliability.
3、通过激光等工具开槽即可实现各小片(包括一根主栅和与其相连接的细栅线所覆盖的范围)之间的电学绝缘,然后通过主栅上的导电孔实现各小片之间的串联。这样的方式可以在不需要分开各小片的情况下实现了单片电池内各小片间串联。这样的结构具有遮光面积小,有效面积大,热 损耗低等优点。从而实现了在相同的太阳能组件面积的情况下,可以产生更多的电能输出。3. Slotting by tools such as laser can achieve electrical insulation between the small pieces (including the area covered by a main grid and the thin grid lines connected to it), and then realize the small pieces through the conductive holes on the main grid Series. In this way, it is possible to realize the series connection of the small pieces in the single-chip battery without separating the small pieces. Such a structure has the advantages of small shading area, large effective area, and low heat loss. Therefore, it is possible to generate more electrical energy output under the same solar module area.
但是,本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到,以上的实施例仅是用来说明本发明,而并非用作为对本发明的限定,只要在本发明的实质精神范围内,对以上所述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本发明的权利要求书范围内。However, those of ordinary skill in the art should realize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Variations and modifications of the examples will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (11)

  1. 一种太阳能电池片,包括电池片本体,本体正面具有横向设置的导电细栅线及纵向设置的数条正面主电极,本体背面具有数条背面主电极,其特征在于:一正面主电极设于本体正面一侧的边缘,其余正面主电极间隔分布于本体正面的中间;一背面主电极设于本体背面另一侧的边缘,其余背面主电极与位于中间的正面主电极位置相对应,且通过设置导电孔实现中间的正、背面主电极之间的导电,且所有位于中间的正面主电极靠向边缘的正面主电极一侧的旁边位置均设有实现PN结电学隔离的电学隔离槽,所有位于中间的背面主电极靠向边缘的背面主电极一侧的旁边位置也均设有实现背面导电场电学隔离的电学隔离槽。A solar cell includes a cell body. The front side of the body has horizontally arranged conductive fine grid lines and a plurality of front main electrodes arranged vertically. The back of the body has several back main electrodes. The edge on the front side of the body, the remaining front main electrodes are distributed in the middle of the front of the body; a back main electrode is located on the edge on the other side of the back of the body, and the remaining back main electrodes correspond to the position of the front main electrode in the middle, and pass Conductive holes are provided to realize conduction between the front and back main electrodes in the middle, and all the side positions of the front main electrode in the middle to the edge of the front main electrode are provided with electrical isolation grooves for electrical isolation of the PN junction. Electrical isolation grooves for electrically isolating the conductive field of the rear surface are also provided at the side positions of the rear main electrode in the middle near the edge of the rear main electrode side.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池片,其特征在于:所述其余正面主电极等间距分布于本体正面的中间。The solar cell sheet according to claim 1, wherein the remaining front main electrodes are equally spaced in the middle of the front surface of the body.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池片,其特征在于:所述导电孔由分布在正、背面主电极上的穿孔及填充在穿孔中的导电金属浆料构成。The solar cell sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive holes are composed of perforations distributed on the front and back main electrodes and conductive metal paste filled in the perforations.
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池片,其特征在于:所述正面主电极、背面主电极为连续式导电印刷线路或者分段式导电印刷线路。The solar cell sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the front main electrode and the back main electrode are continuous conductive printed circuits or segmented conductive printed circuits.
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池片,其特征在于:所述本体正面的被正面主电极分割的各块区域内,所述导电细栅线一端与正面主电极相连,另一端不与正面主电极相连从而形成沿正面主电极延伸的条状无栅线区域,所述正面本体的电学隔离槽位于条状无栅线区域内部。The solar cell sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in each area of the front of the body divided by the front main electrode, one end of the conductive thin grid line is connected to the front main electrode and the other end It is not connected to the front main electrode to form a strip-shaped grid-free region extending along the front main electrode, and the electrical isolation groove of the front body is located inside the strip-shaped grid-free region.
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池片,其特征在于:所述背面导电场为PN结,所述本体背面具有横向设置的导电细栅线。The solar cell sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the back surface conductive field is a PN junction, and the back surface of the body has conductive thin grid lines arranged laterally.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种太阳能电池片,其特征在于:所述本体背面的被背面主电极分割的各块区域内,所述导电细栅线一端与背面主电极相连,另一端不与背面主电极相连从而形成沿背面主电极延伸的条状无栅线区域,所述背面本体的电学隔离槽位于条状无栅线区域内部。The solar cell sheet according to claim 6, wherein in each area of the back of the body divided by the back main electrode, one end of the conductive thin grid line is connected to the back main electrode, and the other end is not connected to The rear main electrodes are connected to form a strip-shaped grid-free region extending along the rear main electrode, and the electrical isolation groove of the back body is located inside the strip-shaped grid-free region.
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池片,其特征在于:所述背面导电场为铝背场。The solar cell sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the back surface conductive field is an aluminum back field.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种太阳能电池片,其特征在于:所述本体背面的被背面主电极分割的各块区域内的铝背场一侧边与背面主电极相连,另一侧边不与背面主电极相连,从而形成代替所述本体背面的电学隔离槽的条状无铝背场区域。A solar cell sheet according to claim 8, characterized in that one side of the aluminum back field in each block area divided by the back main electrode on the back of the body is connected to the back main electrode, and the other side is not It is connected to the back main electrode to form a strip-shaped aluminum-free back field region that replaces the electrical isolation groove on the back of the body.
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池片构成的太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:包括多个通过焊带相连的单串,每个单串由多个太阳能电池片通过相邻太阳能电池片的边缘的正、背面主电极相互叠置并通过导电胶或导电浆料粘接相串联构成。The solar cell module composed of the solar cells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it includes a plurality of single strings connected by a welding tape, and each single string consists of multiple solar cells passing through the edges of adjacent solar cells The main electrodes on the front and back of each other are stacked on each other and connected in series by conductive adhesive or conductive paste bonding.
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:通过所述焊带将相邻单串两端的边缘的正、背面主电极相互连接构成。The solar cell module according to claim 10, characterized in that the front and back main electrodes at the edges of both ends of the adjacent single string are connected to each other by the solder tape.
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