WO2020103261A1 - 动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置和实验方法 - Google Patents
动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置和实验方法Info
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- WO2020103261A1 WO2020103261A1 PCT/CN2018/122512 CN2018122512W WO2020103261A1 WO 2020103261 A1 WO2020103261 A1 WO 2020103261A1 CN 2018122512 W CN2018122512 W CN 2018122512W WO 2020103261 A1 WO2020103261 A1 WO 2020103261A1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 293
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 claims abstract description 147
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 43
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 37
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 31
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008918 emotional behaviour Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
- A01K1/03—Housing for domestic or laboratory animals
- A01K1/031—Cages for laboratory animals; Cages for measuring metabolism of animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of bioengineering technology, for example, to an experimental device and experimental method of animal instinct fear behavior.
- fear behaviors play a vital role in the survival of animals.
- Fear includes conditional fear and instinctive fear
- instinct fear refers to the need for training and learning, for example, animals will quickly determine their own environment, natural enemies, and other risk factors to produce certain fear behaviors, so that animals Can avoid danger and get more possibilities for survival.
- the clinical research on the pathology of the above diseases has very important significance.
- rats are predators of mice in the natural environment
- mice will instinctively fear when they see them, so they often design experimental devices based on them, with rats and mice as test objects. , That is, rats as predators, mice as predators.
- FIG. 1 The top view of the experimental device of animal instinct fear behavior in the related art is shown in FIG. 1, which includes a second experimental box 2 ′ configured to accommodate mice, a first experimental box 1 ′ configured to accommodate rats, and a second
- the connection channel 3 ′ between the experiment box 2 ′ and the first experiment box 1 ′, and the connection place between the second experiment box 2 ′ and the first experiment box 1 ′ and the connection channel 3 ′ are provided with openings for mice to drill out 4 ′.
- the second experiment box 2 ' is a safe area
- a camera system is provided above the experimental device for testing instinct fear behavior.
- mice staying in the danger zone and the safety zone, the number of entry, and the number of close contact with the rat were recorded by the camera system to quantify the instinctive fear response of the animal.
- the experimental device for testing instinct fear behavior in related technologies has the following problems:
- Each experimental device can only measure the instinctive fear behavior of one mouse. It is necessary to prepare multiple experimental devices to test multiple mice. The experimental time is long and the efficiency is low;
- mice are replaced for multiple experiments, and the same rat is used as a predator each time.
- the rat will be tired and unwilling to contact with the mice, affecting the experimental results. Accuracy; if we replace the tired rat, it will not only cause the waste of rats and increase the experimental cost, but also increase the experimental variables, which also affect the accuracy of the experimental results.
- the present disclosure proposes an experimental device for animal instinctive fear behaviors, which can conduct experiments on multiple predators at the same time, and the same predator is used, and the experiment efficiency is high.
- An experimental method of animal instinctive fear behavior proposed by the present disclosure has reasonable steps, high experimental efficiency, and more accurate experimental results.
- the present disclosure provides an experimental device for animal instinctive fear behaviors, which includes a first experimental box configured to accommodate predators, and a camera system disposed above the first experimental box.
- the experimental device further includes:
- the first experiment box is set in the central experiment box, and the central experiment box is provided with a plurality of partitions, which divide the space between the first experiment box and the central experiment box into a plurality of movable boxes;
- each second experiment box is set to accommodate predators
- each movable box is connected to a second experiment box through a connection channel, and each connection channel is provided with an opening to connect the movable box connected to each connection channel and the second experiment box through.
- the side wall of the first experiment box is provided with a through hole, so that the predator in the first experiment box contacts the predator in the plurality of movable boxes through the through hole.
- the sidewall material of the central experiment box, the sidewall materials of the plurality of second experiment boxes, the sidewall materials of the first experiment box, the materials of the plurality of connection channels, and the materials of the plurality of partitions are all non- Transparent material.
- the central experiment box is a rectangular box
- the second experiment box, the partition and the connecting channel are all provided with four, and the four partitions divide the space between the first experiment box and the central experiment box into four Event boxes.
- the central experiment box, the plurality of second experiment boxes, the first experiment box and the plurality of connecting channels are all non-closed structures.
- the materials of the central experiment box, the plurality of second experiment boxes, the first experiment box, the plurality of partition plates, and the plurality of connecting channels are stainless steel.
- the central experiment box is a cube structure with sides ranging from 35 cm to 45 cm
- each second experiment box is a cube structure with sides ranging from 20 cm to 30 cm
- the first experiment box is A rectangular parallelepiped structure with a side length in the range of 20 cm to 30 cm
- each connecting channel is a rectangular parallelepiped with a length of 50 cm to 70 cm, a width of 10 cm to 15 cm, and a height of 25 cm to 35 cm structure.
- An experimental method of animal instinctive fear behavior using the above experimental device, including the following steps:
- each of the multiple predators is put into a second experiment box multiple times, so that each predator can move in the corresponding second experiment box to adapt The environment of the corresponding second experiment box;
- connection channel and activity box To adapt to the environment in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and movable box;
- the safe area is in the second experiment box, and the dangerous area is in the movable box and the connecting channel.
- the recorded behaviors include the time the predator is in the safe area and the dangerous area, the number of times of entering or leaving the dangerous area, and the The number of predator contact.
- the period of the entire experimental method is 8 days;
- the first experiment time is from day 1 to day 3.
- each predator is placed in a second experiment box for 20 minutes, so that each predator can respond In the second experiment box to adapt to the environment of the corresponding second experiment box;
- the second experiment time is from the 4th day to the 6th day.
- the 4th day to the 6th day put each of the above predators into a second experiment box for 20 minutes, so that each predator Can move in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and movable box to adapt to the environment in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and movable box;
- the third experiment time is the 7th day, put each predator above into a second experiment box for free exploration for 10 minutes, and put a predator into the first experiment box, so that each predator Forcibly contact with the same predator for 5 seconds in the corresponding activity box, and record the behavior of each predator in the safe area and dangerous area corresponding to each predator within 10 minutes after the forced contact;
- the fourth experiment is on the 8th day, put each predator above into a second experiment box, so that each predator can move in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and activity box And record the behavior of each predator in a safe area and a dangerous area within 10 minutes.
- it also includes a photostimulation experiment, which is set in the third experiment time, and is set to record the safety of each predator corresponding to each predator within 10 minutes after forced contact. The actions in the area and the hazardous area are carried out afterwards.
- An experimental device for animal instinct fear behavior proposed by the present disclosure, by setting a central experiment box, the central experiment box is provided with a plurality of partitions, and the plurality of partitions divide the space between the first experiment box and the central experiment box into Multiple movable boxes, each second experiment box communicates with the corresponding movable box through the connection channel, so that multiple predators in the multiple second experiment boxes can simultaneously contact the same predator in the multiple movable boxes , So that many predators have fear, so compared with the related art device where one predator is in contact with one predator, the experimental efficiency is improved.
- An experimental method of animal instinct fear behavior proposed by the present disclosure adopts the above experimental device to realize experiments on animal instinct fear behavior within four experimental periods. The steps are reasonable, the experiment efficiency is high, and the experiment results are more accurate.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of an experimental device for animal instinct fear behavior in the related art
- FIG. 2 is a top view of an experimental device for animal instinct fear behavior provided by an embodiment.
- the first feature “above” or “below” the second feature may include the first feature and the second feature in direct contact, or may include the first feature and the second feature The two features are not in direct contact but through additional feature contact between the first feature and the second feature.
- the first feature is “above”, “above” and “above” the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
- the first feature is "below”, “below” and “below” the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontal than the second feature.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of an experimental device for animal instinct fear behavior provided by an embodiment.
- the experimental device provided in this embodiment mainly includes: a camera system (not shown in FIG. 2) provided above the first experimental box, a plurality of second experimental boxes 2, the first experimental box 1, the center Experiment box 5 and multiple connection channels 3.
- the first experiment box 1 is set to accommodate predators.
- the first experiment box 1 is set in the central experiment box 5.
- the central experiment box 5 is provided with a plurality of partitions 6.
- the space between the experiment box 1 and the central experiment box 5 is divided into a plurality of movable boxes 7, each second experiment box 2 is set to accommodate a predator, and each movable box 7 is connected to a plurality of second experiments through a connecting channel 3
- a second experimental box 2 in the box 2 is connected, and the connection channel 3 is connected to the movable box 7 and the second experimental box 2 through openings 4 to communicate with each other.
- This arrangement allows the predators in the first experiment box 1 to be shared, and the predators in each second experiment box 2 can be drilled out of the opening 4, through the corresponding connecting channel 3, from the opening 4 into the activity In the box 7, after encountering the predator of the first experiment box 1 and producing an instinctive fear behavior, the predator can return to the corresponding second experiment box 2. Therefore, in the experimental device for animal instinct fear behavior provided by the present disclosure, the same predator can cause multiple predators to fear, so compared with the related art device where one predator is in contact with one predator, it is improved Experimental efficiency.
- the central experiment box 5 is a rectangular box
- the second experiment box 2 the partition 6, and the connection channel 3 are all provided with four
- the four partitions 6 will be the first experiment
- the space between the box 1 and the central experiment box 5 is divided into four movable boxes 7, that is, the four movable boxes 7 are correspondingly arranged at the four side walls of the central experiment box 5. That is, as shown in the experimental device in FIG. 2, up to four predators can be tested at the same time, which improves the efficiency of the experiment.
- the shape of the central experiment box 5 and the number of the second experiment box 2, the partition 6, and the connection channel 3 are not limited, as long as multiple predators can be tested simultaneously.
- the central experiment box 5 is a rectangular box, and the second experiment box 2, the partition 6 and the connection channel 3 are all provided with four.
- This arrangement makes the divided four movable boxes 7 can provide sufficient The space turned back to the second experiment box 2 for the predator's fearful behavior, and at the same time multiple boxes were better processed and assembled.
- each second experiment box 2 and each movable box 7 are provided with an opening 4, and the size of the opening 4 of the second experiment box 2 and the size of the opening 4 provided on the movable box 7 can be Allow predators to drill in or out freely.
- a through hole is opened on the side wall of the first experiment box 1.
- the contact is not only that the predator in the first experiment box 1 can see the predator in the plurality of movable boxes 7, but that the predator may actually contact the predator. That is, the material of the first experiment box 1 is only a transparent material, so that the predators in the first experiment box 1 can see the predators in the plurality of movable boxes 7, and only the predator may actually come into contact with the prey In order to make predators truly instinctively fearful.
- the material of the first experiment box 1 is not limited, and a transparent material or a non-transparent material may be used.
- the side wall of the first experiment box 1 is provided with through holes, and the predator Direct contact with the predator. It is also possible that the first experiment box 1 is a cage structure formed by a grid or a net.
- the side wall of the first experiment box 1 is provided with a through hole or a first
- the experimental box 1 is set in a cage structure, so that the rats in the first experimental box 1 cannot be drilled out of the through hole or the gap of the cage structure, but the rat's nose, mouth or paw can be out of the through hole or the cage structure Stretching out, direct contact with the mouse in the activity box 7, causing the mouse's instinctive fear behavior.
- the structure of the first experiment box 1 is not limited here, as long as the structure of the first experiment box 1 enables the predator in the first experiment box 1 to contact the predator in the plurality of movable boxes 7.
- the side wall material of the central experiment box 5, the side wall material of the second experiment box 2, the side wall material of the first experiment box 1, the material of the connecting channel 3 and the material of the partition 6 are all non-transparent material.
- This arrangement makes the predators in the second experiment box 2 unable to see other predators while moving in the second experiment box 2, the connecting channel 3 and the movable box 7, thus avoiding many predators The actions between them interfere with each other.
- the materials of the central experiment box 5, the second experiment box 2, the first experiment box 1, the partition 6, and the connection channel 3 are stainless steel.
- the central experiment box 5 in order to realize that the camera system above the experimental device can accurately capture and record the actions of multiple predators and predators in the experimental device, the central experiment box 5, the second experiment box 2, the first experiment Both the box 1 and the connecting channel 3 are above a non-closed structure. That is, each experiment box and channel have a structure without a top cover, so that the camera system above the experiment device can shoot down and accurately capture and record the movements of multiple predators and predators in the experiment device
- each box is as follows.
- the central experiment box 5 is a cubic structure with sides ranging from 35 cm to 45 cm, such as a 40 cm * 40 cm * 40 cm cube structure;
- the second experiment box 2 is a cube with sides ranging from 20 cm to 30 cm Structure
- the first experiment box 1 is a cube structure with a side length in the range of 20 cm-30 cm, for example, a cube structure of 25 cm * 25 cm * 25 cm
- the connection channel 3 is a length in the range of 50 cm-70 cm and a width
- the width of the opening 4 is in the range of 1 cm-3 cm, for example 2 Cm wide.
- This structure size setting can be set by those skilled in the art according to the type and size of the predator and the predator, and the above size in this embodiment is obtained through experiments, and the predator
- the present disclosure also protects an experimental method of animal instinctive fear behavior, adopting the above experimental device, which mainly includes the following steps: during the first experimental time, each predator is placed into a second experimental box correspondingly, So that each predator can move in the corresponding second experiment box to adapt to the environment of the corresponding second experiment box; during the second experiment time, put each of the above predators multiple times into a second In the experiment box, each predator can move in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and activity box to adapt to the environment in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and activity box; in the third experiment During the time, put each of the predators mentioned above into a second experiment box, and put a predator into the first experiment box, so that each predator in the corresponding activity box is the same Compulsory contact with only predators, and record the behavior of each predator in the safe area and dangerous area; during the fourth experiment time, put each of the above predators into a second experiment box, so that each The predator can move in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and movable box,
- the first experiment time and the second experiment time are the preparation time, so that the predator can adapt to the environment of the entire experimental device and reduce the impact of additional variables on the accuracy of the experiment;
- the third experiment time is to perform instinctive fear behavior The time of the experiment, by analyzing the behavior of the predator during the third experiment time, and obtaining quantitative data, you can get the data of the predator's instinctive fear behavior;
- the fourth experiment time is the test time after the experiment for analysis After the predator has an instinctive fear behavior, it continues to affect the predator.
- the experimental method provided by the present disclosure mainly includes: first, using the above experimental device, it can be concluded that for the predator, the second experimental box is a safe area, the movable box and the connecting channel All are hazardous areas.
- the recorded behaviors include the time the predator was in the safe area and the dangerous area, the number of times he entered or left the danger area, and the number of contact with the predator.
- These quantitative data were recorded by the camera system above the experimental device.
- the camera system includes at least one camera and a correspondingly connected control system and analysis software. The camera inputs the captured video into the analysis software, and the analysis software can identify and quantify the above-mentioned behavior data, and sort and analyze These quantitative data can be used to study animal instinctive fear behaviors.
- the period of the entire experimental method is 8 days. Taking the predator as a mouse and the predator as a rat as an example, the method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps.
- the first experiment time is from day 1 to day 3. From day 1 to day 3, put 4 mice into 4 second experiment boxes for 20 minutes each day, so that each mouse can move in the corresponding second experiment box to adapt to the corresponding 2.
- the environment of the experiment box In this process, a baffle can be placed at the opening of each second experiment box to block the mouse, so that the mouse can only move in the second experiment box.
- the second experiment time is from day 4 to day 6.
- put the above 4 mice into the 4 second experiment boxes for 20 minutes each day, and put the baffle placed at the opening of each second experiment box in the previous step Move away, so that each mouse can move in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and movable box, that is, the mouse can be drilled in or out from the opening to adapt to the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel And the environment inside the activity box. Since the second experiment box, connection channel, partition and movable box are all non-transparent materials, many mice cannot see each other and will not interfere with the experiment.
- the third experiment time is the 7th day, this process includes the following steps.
- the baffles placed at the openings of the 4 movable boxes were removed to provide an escape path for the 4 mice with instinctive fear.
- the second experiment box belongs to a safe area.
- mice may be all in the second experiment box, some mice may be in the connection channel, or some mice may be in the active box, so the corresponding instinctive fear of each mouse is different. If the mouse stays longer in the danger zone, the more times it enters the danger zone, and the more times it comes into close contact with the rat, the lower the instinct fear of the mouse; conversely, if the mouse stays in the danger zone The shorter the time, the fewer the number of times to enter the danger zone, and the less the number of close contact with the rat, which means that the mouse has a higher instinctive fear.
- the rats in the fourth step on the 7th day, the rats stayed inside the first experiment box for a total of 10 minutes and 5 seconds, and instinctively feared the four mice.
- 1 mouse can only be tested with 1 rat, if you want to implement 4 mice, then the rats must be separated from 4 mice The contact caused 4 mice to behave instinctively. Therefore, in the related art, if you want to share a rat to speed up the efficiency of the experiment, the shortest time for the same rat is 40 minutes and 20 seconds. The rat is easily tired and unwilling to contact with the mouse, which affects the accuracy of the experimental results.
- the experimental device provided by the present disclosure can use the same predator and conduct experiments on multiple predators simultaneously, and the experiment efficiency is high.
- the fourth experiment time is the 8th day, put the above 4 mice into 4 second experiment boxes respectively, so that each mouse can move in the corresponding second experiment box, connection channel and activity box And record the behavior of each mouse in the safe area and dangerous area within 10 minutes. During this process, no rats were placed inside the first experiment box, so the behavior of each mouse was the behavior after instinctive fear on the 7th day. By recording the behavior of each mouse at this time, it can be used as an evaluation Data on instinctive fear behavior in mice.
- the experimental device for animal instinct fear behavior proposed by the present disclosure can also perform a light stimulation experiment at the same time, that is, the light stimulation experiment and the animal instinct fear experiment can use a set of experimental devices together.
- the photostimulation experiment step can be set after the fourth step on the seventh day.
- the mice are given 10 minutes of light stimulation, and after the light stimulation, each mouse's behavior in the safe area and the dangerous area is recorded within 10 minutes.
- the light stimulation experiment and the animal instinct fear experiment are the same throughout the experiment period, they can be carried out simultaneously on the seventh day, which saves the time of the light stimulation experiment and improves the efficiency of the experiment.
- the light stimulation experiment itself is not limited, as long as it is the same as the animal instinct fear experiment for the entire experiment period, and other experiments that can share a set of experiment devices can be arranged within the experiment time of the animal instinct fear experiment.
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Abstract
本文公开一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置和实验方法。其中实验装置包括上方的摄像系统和设置为容纳捕食者的第一实验箱，中心实验箱内设置有多个隔板，多个隔板将第一实验箱与中心实验箱之间的空间分割成多个活动箱；每个第二实验箱设置为容纳被捕食者且通过连接通道与对应的活动箱连通；每个活动箱通过一个连接通道与一个第二实验箱相连接，且连接通道与活动箱和第二实验箱的连接处都设置开口相连通。
Description
本公开要求在2018年11月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811374996.7的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
本公开涉及生物工程技术领域，例如涉及一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置和实验方法。
恐惧行为作为六种基本情感行为中的一种，对于动物的生存有着至关重要的作用。恐惧包括条件性恐惧和本能恐惧，其中本能恐惧是指不需要训练学习的，例如，动物会对自身所处的环境、天敌、以及其他危险因素进行快速判断而产生一定的恐惧行为，从而使得动物能够躲避危险获得更多生存的可能。通过解析恐惧形成背后的大脑神经环路，对以上病症的病理研究，临床研究具有非常重要的意义。在实验室中，由于在自然环境中大鼠是小鼠的捕食者，小鼠见到大鼠会产生本能恐惧，因此常以此为基础而设计实验装置，以大鼠和小鼠作为试验对象，即大鼠作为捕食者，小鼠作为被捕食者。
相关技术中的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置的俯视图如图1所示，包括设置为容纳小鼠的第二实验箱2′，设置为容纳大鼠的第一实验箱1′，以及连通第二实验箱2′和第一实验箱1′之间的连接通道3′，第二实验箱2′和第一实验箱1′与连接通道3′的连接处均设置有用于小鼠钻出的开口4′。对于小鼠来说，第二实验箱2′为安全区域，连接通道3′和第一实验箱1′为危险区域。测试本能恐惧行为的实验装置的上方设置有摄像系统。
测试时，通过摄像系统记录小鼠在危险区域和安全区域分别停留的时间、进入次数、与大鼠近距离接触的次数，量化动物本能恐惧反应。
相关技术中的测试本能恐惧行为的实验装置有以下几个问题：
(1)每个实验装置只能测量一只小鼠的本能恐惧行为，需要准备多个实验装置以测试多只小鼠，实验时间长，效率低；
(2)在同一个实验装置中，更换多只小鼠进行多次实验，每次共用同一只大鼠作为捕食者，多次实验后大鼠会疲倦，不愿意与小鼠接触，影响实验结果的准确性；如果更换掉疲倦的大鼠，不仅会造成大鼠的浪费，增加实验成本，而且实验变量也增多，同样影响实验结果的准确性。
发明内容
本公开提出一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，能够同时对多只被捕食者进行实验，且使用同一只捕食者，实验效率高。
本公开提出的一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验方法，步骤合理，实验效率高，实验结果更加准确。
本公开提供一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，包括设置为容纳捕食者的第一实验箱，和设置在第一实验箱上方的摄像系统，实验装置还包括：
中心实验箱，第一实验箱设置在中心实验箱内，中心实验箱内设置有多个隔板，多个隔板将第一实验箱与中心实验箱之间的空间分割成多个活动箱；
多个第二实验箱，每个第二实验箱设置为容纳被捕食者；
多个连接通道，每个活动箱通过一个连接通道与一个第二实验箱相连接，且每个连接通道与所述每个连接通道连接的活动箱和第二实验箱的连接处都设置开口相连通。
在一实施例中，第一实验箱的侧壁上开设有通孔，使得第一实验箱内的捕食者通过通孔与多个活动箱内的被捕食者接触。
在一实施例中，中心实验箱的侧壁材料、多个第二实验箱的侧壁材料、第一实验箱的侧壁材料、多个连接通道的材料和多个隔板的材料均为非透明材料。
在一实施例中，中心实验箱为矩形箱体，第二实验箱、隔板和连接通道均设置有四个，四个隔板将第一实验箱与中心实验箱之间的空间分割成四个活动箱。
在一实施例中，中心实验箱、多个第二实验箱、第一实验箱和多个连接通道的上方均为非封闭结构。
在一实施例中，中心实验箱、多个第二实验箱、第一实验箱、多个隔板和 多个连接通道的材料为不锈钢。
在一实施例中，中心实验箱为边长在35厘米-45厘米范围内的正方体结构，每个第二实验箱为边长在20厘米-30厘米范围内的正方体结构，第一实验箱为边长在20厘米-30厘米范围内的正方体结构，每个连接通道为长度在50厘米-70厘米范围内、宽度在10厘米-15厘米范围内和高度在25厘米-35厘米范围内的长方体结构。
一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验方法，采用上述的实验装置，包括以下步骤：
在第一实验时间内，将多只被捕食者中的每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应的第二实验箱内活动以适应对应的第二实验箱的环境；
在第二实验时间内，将上述的每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，以适应对应的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内的环境；
在第三实验时间内，将上述的每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，将一只捕食者放入第一实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者在对应的活动箱内与同一只捕食者强制接触，并记录每只被捕食者在安全区域和危险区域的行为；
在第四实验时间内，将上述的每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，并记录每只被捕食者在所述每只被捕食者对应的安全区域和危险区域的行为。
在一实施例中，安全区域为第二实验箱内，危险区域为活动箱和连接通道内，记录的行为包括被捕食者处于安全区域和危险区域的时间、进入或离开危险区域的次数和与捕食者接触的次数。
在一实施例中，整个实验方法的周期为8天；
第一实验时间为第1天到第3天，在第1天到第3天内每天将每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内活动20分钟，使得每只被捕食者能在对应的第二实验箱内活动以适应对应的第二实验箱的环境；
第二实验时间内为第4天到第6天，在第4天到第6天内每天将上述的每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内活动20分钟，使得每只被捕食者能在对 应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，以适应对应的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内的环境；
第三实验时间为第7天，将上述的每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内自由探索10分钟，将一只捕食者放入第一实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者在对应的活动箱内与同一只捕食者强制接触5秒钟，强制接触后记录在10分钟内每只被捕食者在所述每只被捕食者对应的安全区域和危险区域的行为；
第四实验时间为第8天，将上述的每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，并记录每只被捕食者在10分钟内在安全区域和危险区域的行为。
在一实施例中，还包括光刺激实验，光刺激实验设置在第三实验时间内，并设置在强制接触后记录在10分钟内每只被捕食者在所述每只被捕食者对应的安全区域和危险区域的行为之后进行。
本公开提出的一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，通过设置中心实验箱，中心实验箱内设置有多个隔板，多个隔板将第一实验箱与中心实验箱之间的空间分割成多个活动箱，每个第二实验箱通过连接通道与对应的活动箱连通，使得多个第二实验箱内的多只被捕食者，能够在多个活动箱内同时与同一只捕食者接触，使得多只被捕食者产生恐惧，因此与相关技术一只被捕食者与一只捕食者接触的装置相比，提高了实验效率。
本公开提出的一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验方法，采用上述实验装置，在四个实验时间内，实现对动物本能恐惧行为的实验，步骤合理，实验效率高，实验结果更加准确。
图1是相关技术中的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置的俯视图；
图2是一实施例提供的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置的俯视图。
图中：
1、第一实验箱；2、第二实验箱；3、连接通道；4、开口；5、中心实验箱；6、隔板；7、活动箱；
1′、第一实验箱；2′、第二实验箱；3′、连接通道；4′、开口。
下面结合附图和实施例对本公开进行说明。此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本公开，而非对本公开的限定。另外，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本公开相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一特征和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一特征和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过第一特征和第二特征之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
图2是一实施例提供的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置的俯视图。如图2所示，本实施例提供的实验装置主要包括：设置在第一实验箱上方的摄像系统(图2中未示出)，多个第二实验箱2，第一实验箱1，中心实验箱5和多个连接通道3。本实施例中，第一实验箱1设置为容纳捕食者，第一实验箱1设置在中心实验箱5内，中心实验箱5内设置有多个隔板6，多个隔板6将第一实验箱1与中心实验箱5之间的空间分割成多个活动箱7，每个第二实验箱2设置为容纳被捕食者，每个活动箱7通过一个连接通道3与多个第二实验箱2中一个第二实验箱2相连接，且连接通道3与活动箱7和第二实验箱2的连接处都设置开口4相连通。这种设置使得第一实验箱1内的捕食者能够被共用，每个第二实验箱2内的被捕食者能够从开口4钻出，通过对应连通的连接通道3，从开口4钻入活动箱7内，遇到第一实验箱1的捕食者，产生本能恐惧行为后，被捕食者能够返回至对应的第二实验箱2内。因此，本公开提供的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置中，同一只捕食者能够使得多只被捕食者产生恐惧，因此与相关技术一只被捕食者与一只捕食者接触的装置相比，提高了实验效率。
如图2中所示，在一实施例中，中心实验箱5为矩形箱体，第二实验箱2、隔板6和连接通道3均设置有四个，四个隔板6将第一实验箱1与中心实验箱5之间的空间分割成四个活动箱7，即四个活动箱7对应设置在中心实验箱5的四 个侧壁处。即如图2中的实验装置，最多可以同时对四只被捕食者进行实验，提高了实验效率。在一实施例中，并不限定中心实验箱5的形状，以及第二实验箱2、隔板6和连接通道3的个数，只要能同时对多只被捕食者进行实验便可。本实施例中，中心实验箱5为矩形箱体，第二实验箱2、隔板6和连接通道3均设置有四个，这种设置使得分割成的四个活动箱7，能够提供充足的空间为被捕食者发生恐惧行为而转向返回第二实验箱2，同时多个箱体更好加工和组装。在本实施例中，每个第二实验箱2和每个活动箱7上均设置有开口4，且第二实验箱2的开口4的尺寸和活动箱7上设置的开口4的尺寸均能够使得被捕食者自由钻入或钻出。
在一实施例中，为了实现第一实验箱1内的捕食者能与多个活动箱7内的被捕食者接触，在第一实验箱1的侧壁上开设有通孔。此处的接触并不只是第一实验箱1内的捕食者能看到多个活动箱7内的被捕食者，而是捕食者有可能实际接触到被捕食者。即第一实验箱1的材料仅仅是透明材料，使得第一实验箱1内的捕食者能看到多个活动箱7内的被捕食者是不行的，只有捕食者有可能实际接触到被捕食者，才能使得被捕食者真正产生本能恐惧行为。
在一实施例中，不限定第一实验箱1的材料，透明材料或非透明材料均可，在第一实验箱1的侧壁上开设有通孔，捕食者可以从这些通孔中与被捕食者直接接触。还可以第一实验箱1是由格栅或网形成的笼子结构，以被捕食者为小鼠且捕食者为大鼠为例，第一实验箱1的侧壁上开设有通孔或第一实验箱1设置成笼子结构，使得第一实验箱1内的大鼠无法从通孔或笼子结构的缝隙内钻出，但大鼠的鼻子、嘴或爪子可以从通孔或笼子结构的缝隙内伸出，与活动箱7内的小鼠直接接触，造成小鼠的本能恐惧行为。第一实验箱1的结构在此并不做限定，只要第一实验箱1的结构能使得第一实验箱1内的捕食者能与多个活动箱7内的被捕食者接触即可。
在一实施例中，中心实验箱5的侧壁材料、第二实验箱2的侧壁材料、第一实验箱1的侧壁材料、连接通道3的材料和隔板6的材料均为非透明材料。这种设置使得第二实验箱2内的被捕食者，在第二实验箱2、连接通道3和活动箱7内活动时，无法看到别的被捕食者，避免了多只被捕食者之间的行为动作互相产生干扰。例如，中心实验箱5、第二实验箱2、第一实验箱1、隔板6和连接通道3的材料为不锈钢。在一实施例中，为了实现实验装置上方的摄像系 统能够准确地捕捉并记录下实验装置内多个被捕食者和捕食者的动作情况，中心实验箱5、第二实验箱2、第一实验箱1和连接通道3的上方均为非封闭结构。即每个实验箱和通道为无顶盖结构，这样实验装置上方的摄像系统向下拍摄，就能能够准确地捕捉并记录下实验装置内多个被捕食者和捕食者的动作情况
在一实施例中，每个箱体的尺寸如下。中心实验箱5为边长在35厘米-45厘米范围内的正方体结构，例如40厘米*40厘米*40厘米的正方体结构；第二实验箱2为边长在20厘米-30厘米范围内的正方体结构，第一实验箱1为边长在20厘米-30厘米范围内的正方体结构，例如25厘米*25厘米*25厘米的正方体结构；连接通道3为长度在50厘米-70厘米范围内、宽度在10厘米-15厘米范围内和高度在25厘米-35厘米范围内的长方体结构，例如60厘米*12.5厘米*30厘米的长方体结构；开口4的宽度在1厘米-3厘米范围内，例如2厘米宽。这种结构尺寸设置，可以由本领域技术人员根据捕食者和被捕食者的种类和体型大小进行设置的，而本实施例中的上述尺寸，是经过实验得到的，针对捕食者为大鼠，被捕食者为小鼠的一种合理的尺寸。
本公开还保护一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验方法，采用上述的实验装置，主要包括以下步骤：在第一实验时间内，将每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应的第二实验箱内活动以适应对应的第二实验箱的环境；在第二实验时间内，将上述的每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，以适应对应的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内的环境；在第三实验时间内，将上述的每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，将一只捕食者放入第一实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者在对应的活动箱内与同一只捕食者强制接触，并记录每只被捕食者在安全区域和危险区域的行为；在第四实验时间内，将上述的每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，并记录每只被捕食者在所述每只被捕食者对应的安全区域和危险区域的行为。
由上述步骤可知，第一实验时间和第二实验时间为准备时间，使得被捕食者能够适应整个实验装置的环境，减小额外变量对实验准确性的影响；第三实验时间为进行本能恐惧行为实验的时间，通过对第三实验时间内被捕食者的行为进行分析，得到量化的数据，就可以得到被捕食者本能恐惧行为的数据；第 四实验时间为实验后的测试时间，用于分析被捕食者产生本能恐惧行为后，继续对被捕食者的影响。
在一实施例中，本公开提供的实验方法，主要包括：首先，采用上述的实验装置，可以得出，对于被捕食者而言，第二实验箱内为安全区域，活动箱和连接通道内均为危险区域。记录的行为包括被捕食者处于安全区域和危险区域的时间、进入或离开危险区域的次数和与捕食者接触的次数，这些量化的数据由实验装置上方的摄像系统记录。在一实施例中，摄像系统包括至少一个摄像机以及对应电连接的控制系统和分析软件，摄像机将拍摄的视频输入到分析软件中，分析软件就能识别并量化上述行为的数据，通过整理并分析这些量化数据，就能对动物本能恐惧行为进行研究。
在一实施例中，整个实验方法的周期为8天，以被捕食者为小鼠且捕食者为大鼠为例，本实施例提供的方法包括如下步骤。
第一实验时间为第1天到第3天。在第1天到第3天中，每天将4只小鼠对应放入4个第二实验箱内活动20分钟，使得每只小鼠能在对应的第二实验箱内活动以适应对应的第二实验箱的环境。在这一过程中，可以在每个第二实验箱的开口处放置一块挡板以挡住小鼠，实现小鼠只在第二实验箱内活动。
第二实验时间内为第4天到第6天。在第4天到第6天中，每天将上述的4只小鼠对应放入4个第二实验箱内活动20分钟，把上一步骤中每个第二实验箱的开口处放置的挡板移开，使得每只小鼠能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，即小鼠可以从开口处钻入或钻出，以适应对应的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内的环境。由于第二实验箱、连接通道、隔板和活动箱均为非透明材质，因此，多只小鼠之间互相看不到，不会对实验产生干扰。
第三实验时间为第7天，此过程包括如下步骤。
第一步，分别将上述的4只小鼠对应放入4个第二实验箱内，在每个第二实验箱的开口处放置挡板以挡住小鼠，让小鼠在各自对应的第二实验箱内自由探索10分钟；同时将一只大鼠放入第一实验箱内。
第二步，移开每个第二实验箱的开口处放置的挡板，由于在第4天到第6天中，小鼠已经熟悉了可运动的路线，因此小鼠会穿过开口处进入连接通道再进入活动箱内，这一过程为小鼠自由动作过程。
第三步，当四只小鼠均进入活动箱内时，在4个活动箱的开口处均放置挡板，使得4只小鼠在对应的活动箱内与同一只大鼠强制接触5秒钟。此时由于第一实验箱的结构，内部的大鼠能够与每只小鼠产生直接接触，激发4只小鼠的本能恐惧。
第四步，5秒钟后，将4个活动箱的开口处放置的挡板移开，为产生本能恐惧的4只小鼠提供逃走的通道，此时，记录在10分钟内4只小鼠在各自对应的安全区域和危险区域的行为。即，在第四步中，第一实验箱内部的大鼠并未取出，因此对于每只小鼠来说，连接通道和活动箱内能够感受到大鼠的存在，因此连接通道和活动箱内均属于危险区域，而第二实验箱内不能感受到大鼠的存在，对于小鼠来说，第二实验箱内属于安全区域。10分钟内，4只小鼠可能全部在第二实验箱内，也可能有部分小鼠在连接通道，也可能有部分小鼠在活动箱内，因此对应的每只小鼠的本能恐惧程度就是不同的。如果小鼠在危险区域待的时间越长，进入危险区域的次数越多，与大鼠近距离接触的次数越多，代表该小鼠本能恐惧越低；反之，如果小鼠在危险区域待的时间越短，进入危险区域的次数越少，与大鼠近距离接触的次数越少，代表该小鼠本能恐惧越高。
在一实施例中，在上述第7天的第四步中，大鼠在第一实验箱内部一共停留了10分钟5秒，对4只小鼠产生本能恐惧行为。如果采用如图1所示的相关技术中的实验装置，1只小鼠只能与1只大鼠进行实验，如果想对4只小鼠进行实现，那么大鼠就要分别与4只小鼠接触，使4只小鼠产生本能恐惧行为。因此，相关技术中，如果想要共用一只大鼠以加快实验效率，同一只大鼠最短需要实验40分钟20秒，大鼠很容易疲倦，不愿意与小鼠接触，影响实验结果的准确性；如果更换掉疲倦的大鼠，不仅会造成大鼠的浪费，增加实验成本，而且实验变量也增多，同样影响实验结果的准确性。因此，与相关技术中的实验装置相比，本公开提供的实验装置，能够使用同一只捕食者，同时对多只被捕食者进行实验，实验效率高。
第四实验时间为第8天，分别将上述的4只小鼠对应放入4个第二实验箱内，使得每只小鼠能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，并记录每只小鼠在10分钟内在安全区域和危险区域的行为。这一过程中，在第一实验箱内部并未放置大鼠，因此每只小鼠的行为是在第7天产生本能恐惧后的行为，通过记录此时每只小鼠的行为，可以作为评价小鼠本能恐惧行为的数据。
在一实施例中，对于上述的多个实验步骤，还需要控制其他影响数据准确性的变量，如环境的温度、湿度、噪声和光照等。为了保证每一实验步骤，小鼠都不会受到上一只小鼠气味的影响，在每一步骤之后，使用25％的酒精对实验装置进行消毒处理。
在一实施例中，本公开提出的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置还能同时进行光刺激实验，即光刺激实验与动物本能恐惧实验能够共同使用一套实验装置。当需要进行光刺激实验时，可将光刺激实验步骤设置在第七天第四步之后进行。在一实施例中，给予小鼠10分钟的光刺激，光刺激结束后再记录每只小鼠在10分钟内在安全区域和危险区域的行为。
由于光刺激实验和动物本能恐惧实验整个实验周期相同，因此，可以在第七天同时进行，这样就节省了光刺激实验的实验时间，提高了实验效率。本实施例中，并不限定光刺激实验本身，只要与动物本能恐惧实验整个实验周期相同，且能够共用一套实验装置的其他实验，均可以安排在动物本能恐惧实验的实验时间内。
Claims (11)
- 一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，包括：设置为容纳捕食者的第一实验箱(1)，和设置在所述第一实验箱(1)上方的摄像系统，所述实验装置还包括：中心实验箱(5)，所述第一实验箱(1)设置在所述中心实验箱(5)内，所述中心实验箱(5)内设置有多个隔板(6)，所述多个隔板(6)将所述第一实验箱(1)与所述中心实验箱(5)之间的空间分割成多个活动箱(7)；多个第二实验箱(2)，每个第二实验箱(2)设置为容纳被捕食者；多个连接通道(3)，每个活动箱(7)通过一个连接通道(3)与一个第二实验箱(2)相连接，且每个连接通道(3)与所述每个连接通道连接的活动箱(7)和第二实验箱(2)的连接处均设置开口(4)相连通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，其中，所述第一实验箱(1)的侧壁上开设有通孔，使得所述第一实验箱(1)内的捕食者通过所述通孔与多个所述活动箱(7)内的被捕食者接触。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，其中，所述中心实验箱(5)的侧壁材料、所述多个第二实验箱(2)的侧壁材料、所述第一实验箱(1)的侧壁材料、所述多个连接通道(3)的材料和所述多个隔板(6)的材料均为非透明材料。
- 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，其中，所述中心实验箱(5)为矩形箱体，所述第二实验箱(2)、所述隔板(6)和所述连接通道(3)均设置有四个，四个隔板(6)将所述第一实验箱(1)与所述中心实验箱(5)之间的空间分割成四个活动箱(7)。
- 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，其中，所述中心实验箱(5)、所述多个第二实验箱(2)、所述第一实验箱(1)和所述多个连接通道(3)的上方均为非封闭结构。
- 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，其中，所述中心实验箱(5)、所述多个第二实验箱(2)、所述第一实验箱(1)、所述多个隔板(6)和所述多个连接通道(3)的材料为不锈钢。
- 根据权利要求4所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验装置，其中，所述中心实 验箱(5)为边长在35厘米-45厘米范围内的正方体结构，每个第二实验箱(2)为边长在20厘米-30厘米范围内的正方体结构，所述第一实验箱(2)为边长在20厘米-30厘米范围内的正方体结构，每个连接通道(3)为长度在50厘米-70厘米范围内、宽度在10厘米-15厘米范围内和高度在25厘米-35厘米范围内的长方体结构。
- 一种动物本能恐惧行为的实验方法，采用权利要求1-7任意一项所述的实验装置，所述实验方法包括：在第一实验时间内，将多只被捕食者中的每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应的第二实验箱内活动以适应对应的第二实验箱的环境；在第二实验时间内，将每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，以适应对应的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内的环境；在第三实验时间内，将每只被捕食者多次对应放入一个第二实验箱内，将一只捕食者放入第一实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者在对应的活动箱内与同一只捕食者强制接触，并记录每只被捕食者在安全区域和危险区域的行为；在第四实验时间内，将每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，并记录每只被捕食者在所述每只被捕食者对应的安全区域和危险区域的行为。
- 根据权利要求8所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验方法，其中，所述安全区域为第二实验箱内，所述危险区域为活动箱和连接通道内；记录的行为包括被捕食者处于安全区域和危险区域的时间、进入或离开危险区域的次数和与捕食者接触的次数。
- 根据权利要求9所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验方法，其中，整个实验方法的周期为8天；第一实验时间为第1天到第3天，在第1天到第3天内每天将每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内活动20分钟，使得每只被捕食者能在对应的第二实验箱内活动以适应对应的第二实验箱的环境；第二实验时间内为第4天到第6天，在第4天到第6天内每天将每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内活动20分钟，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，以适应对应的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内的环境；第三实验时间为第7天，将每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内自由探索10分钟，将一只捕食者放入第一实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者在对应的活动箱内与同一只捕食者强制接触5秒钟，强制接触后记录在10分钟内每只被捕食者在所述每只被捕食者对应的安全区域和危险区域的行为；第四实验时间为第8天，将每只被捕食者对应放入一个第二实验箱内，使得每只被捕食者能在对应连通的第二实验箱、连接通道和活动箱内活动，并记录每只被捕食者在10分钟内在安全区域和危险区域的行为。
- 根据权利要求10所述的动物本能恐惧行为的实验方法，还包括光刺激实验，所述光刺激实验设置在所述第三实验时间内，并设置在所述强制接触后记录在10分钟内每只被捕食者在所述每只被捕食者对应的安全区域和危险区域的行为之后进行。
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