WO2020098805A1 - Interconnexion de modules préfabriqués pour un bâtiment modulaire - Google Patents

Interconnexion de modules préfabriqués pour un bâtiment modulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020098805A1
WO2020098805A1 PCT/CN2019/119020 CN2019119020W WO2020098805A1 WO 2020098805 A1 WO2020098805 A1 WO 2020098805A1 CN 2019119020 W CN2019119020 W CN 2019119020W WO 2020098805 A1 WO2020098805 A1 WO 2020098805A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
prefabricated module
module
vertical
vertical wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/119020
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Wai Man LEUNG
Gary Shue Kai CHOU
Original Assignee
Chun Wo Construction & Engineering Co., Ltd.
P&T Architects And Engineers Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chun Wo Construction & Engineering Co., Ltd., P&T Architects And Engineers Limited filed Critical Chun Wo Construction & Engineering Co., Ltd.
Priority to SG11201911948RA priority Critical patent/SG11201911948RA/en
Priority to CN201980069014.XA priority patent/CN113195841A/zh
Publication of WO2020098805A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020098805A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/163—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, only the vertical slabs being partially cast in situ

Definitions

  • the invention relates to construction from prefabricated modules, such as Modular Integrated Construction (MIC) /Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) and, more particularly, to interconnection between prefabricated modules used to construct multi-storey buildings.
  • prefabricated modules such as Modular Integrated Construction (MIC) /Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) and, more particularly, to interconnection between prefabricated modules used to construct multi-storey buildings.
  • MIC Modular Integrated Construction
  • PPVC Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction
  • Modular Integrated Construction (MIC) and Prefabricated Prefinished Volumetric Construction (PPVC) involve the creation of modules in a controlled factory environment, followed by assembly onsite into a multi-storey building.
  • the prefabricated modules represent a unit of a building, such as a flat, apartment, office, or a portion thereof, optionally formed complete with plumbing fixtures, electrical wiring, built-in cabinets, etc.
  • the prefabricated modules may include up to four vertical walls and a ceiling and floor; alternatively, they may have fewer than four walls and only a ceiling or floor with the third and/or fourth wall and either ceiling or floor being provided by an adjacent module.
  • FIG. 1 depicts the construction of a multi-storey building 10 in which prefabricated modules are lifted into place by a crane and joined together in a unitary structure.
  • WO 2017/058117 uses a module-joining technique involving a retainer, fastener, and link plate.
  • WO 2018/101891 depicts interlocking plates for steel-framed PPVC modules.
  • SG 10201703972W describes a technique for making composite structural walls in PPVC construction in which channels formed in a pair of wall channels receive a linking rod.
  • the present invention provides an attachment between concrete-based prefabricated modules that are positioned adjacent to one another in a single storey of a multi-storey modular building.
  • a first concrete-based prefabricated module wherein at least a portion of the module is load bearing.
  • the first prefabricated module includes at least two concrete-based vertical walls and at least one horizontal structure selected from a ceiling or a floor that is at least partially attached to the at least two vertical walls.
  • a plurality of first reinforcing attachment members is connected to at least a first vertical wall of the first concrete-based prefabricated module vertical walls, each reinforcing attachment member having periodic projections extending from the first vertical wall.
  • a second concrete-based prefabricated module is positioned in the same storey with the first concrete-based prefabricated module. As with the first concrete-based prefabricated module, at least a portion of the second module is load bearing.
  • the second prefabricated module includes at least two concrete-based vertical walls and at least one horizontal structure selected from a ceiling or a floor that is at least partially attached to the at least two vertical walls.
  • a plurality of second reinforcing attachment members is connected to at least a second vertical wall of the second concrete-based prefabricated module vertical walls. Each reinforcing attachment member has periodic projections extending from the second vertical wall.
  • the first concrete-based prefabricated module and the second concrete-based prefabricated module are positioned adjacent to one another within a single storey of the multi-storey modular building such that the first attachment member periodic projections face the second attachment member periodic projections.
  • In-situ cast concrete embeds the first and second attachment members and fills a space between the first concrete-based prefabricated module first vertical wall and the second concrete-based prefabricated module second vertical wall.
  • a tie assembly may be provided to engage the first and second attachment member periodic projections before placing in situ concrete.
  • the tie assembly includes plural joining bars engaging the first and second attachment members; in some aspects the tie bar includes a vertical bar portion and plural L-shaped portions extending therefrom, the vertical bar portion being inserted in closed loops extending from the first vertical wall and each of the plural L bar portions engaging respective closed loops extending from the second vertical wall;
  • In-situ cast concrete embeds the first and second attachment members and fills a space between the first concrete-based prefabricated module first vertical wall and the second concrete-based prefabricated module second vertical wall.
  • a multi-storey modular building includes a plurality of concrete-based prefabricated modules, including: a first concrete-based prefabricated module wherein at least a portion of the module is load bearing, the first prefabricated module including at least two concrete-based vertical walls and at least one horizontal structure selected from a ceiling or a floor that is at least partially attached to the at least two vertical walls.
  • a plurality of first reinforcing attachment members is connected to at least a first vertical wall of the first concrete-based prefabricated module vertical walls, each reinforcing attachment member comprising a base portion embedded in the first vertical wall and periodic projections extending away from the base portion.
  • a second concrete-based prefabricated includes at least two concrete-based vertical walls and at least one horizontal structure selected from a ceiling or a floor that is at least partially attached to the at least two vertical walls.
  • a plurality of second reinforcing attachment members is connected to at least a second vertical wall of the second concrete-based prefabricated module vertical walls, each reinforcing attachment member comprising a base portion embedded in the second vertical wall and periodic projections extending away from the base portion.
  • the first concrete-based prefabricated module and the second concrete-based prefabricated module are positioned adjacent to one another within a single storey of the multi-storey modular building such that the first attachment member periodic projections overlap the second attachment member periodic projections in a vertical plane.
  • In-situ cast concrete embeds the first and second attachment members and fills a space between the first concrete-based prefabricated module first vertical wall and the second concrete-based prefabricated module second vertical wall.
  • a multi-storey modular building is made from a plurality of concrete-based prefabricated modules.
  • the building includes a first concrete-based prefabricated module wherein at least a portion of the module is load bearing, the first prefabricated module including at least two concrete-based vertical walls and at least one horizontal structure selected from a ceiling or a floor that is at least partially attached to the at least two vertical walls.
  • a plurality of first receiving members is at least partially embedded in at least a first vertical wall of the first concrete-based prefabricated module vertical walls, each receiving member including an opening for receiving a connecting member.
  • a second concrete-based prefabricated module includes at least two concrete-based vertical walls and at least one horizontal structure selected from a ceiling or a floor that is at least partially attached to the at least two vertical walls.
  • a plurality of second receiving members is at least partially embedded in at least a second vertical wall of the second concrete-based prefabricated module vertical walls, each receiving member including an opening for receiving a connecting member.
  • the first concrete-based prefabricated module and the second concrete-based prefabricated module are positioned adjacent to one another within a single storey of the multi-storey modular building with interconnecting members received within respective first and second receiving members.
  • In-situ cast concrete embeds the first and second receiving members and fills a space between the first concrete-based prefabricated module first vertical wall and the second concrete-based prefabricated module second vertical wall.
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts a multi-storey building constructed from plural prefabricated modules.
  • FIG. 2 schematically depicts two adjacent prefabricated modules.
  • FIG. 3 schematically depicts a prefabricated module with a plurality of reinforcing attachment members embedded in a module vertical wall.
  • FIG. 4 schematically depicts a girder for use as a reinforcing attachment member.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of a girder embedded in a module vertical wall.
  • FIG. 6 is a horizontal view of two girders positioned in facing adjacent vertical walls of two prefabricated modules.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B respectively depict side and top views of forces in two girders positioned in facing adjacent vertical walls of two prefabricated modules.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B depict a further embodiment of a reinforcing attachment member.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a further embodiment of a reinforcing attachment member.
  • FIG. 10 depicts a further embodiment of a reinforcing attachment member.
  • FIGS. 11A and 11B respectively depict top and side views of a composite wall using the reinforcing attachment member of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 12 depicts a module wall with a plurality of reinforcing attachment members of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 13 depicts forces in a composite wall using the reinforcing attachment member of FIG. 10.
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B depict top and side views of a further embodiment of a reinforcing attachment member; FIG. 14C depicts forces in the top view.
  • FIG. 15A and 15B depict top and side views of a further embodiment of a reinforcing attachment member;
  • FIG. 15C depicts forces in the top view;
  • FIG. 15D depicts a top view of a reinforcing attachment member and
  • 15E depicts a side view of the reinforcing attachment member of FIG. 15D.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B respectively depict top and side views of a tying system for holding together two adjacent module walls.
  • FIGS. 17A and 17B depict top and side views of a further embodiment of a tying system for holding together two adjacent module walls.
  • FIGS. 18A and 18B depict views of a further embodiment of a tying system for retaining two adjacent module walls.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a first, concrete-based prefabricated module 100 and a second, concrete-based prefabricated module 200 positioned adjacent to each other.
  • Module 100 includes a first vertical wall 110 and a second vertical wall 120 along with a floor 130 attached to first vertical wall 110 and second vertical wall 120.
  • module 200 includes a first vertical wall 210 and a second vertical wall 220, the second vertical wall being positioned adjacent to the first vertical wall 110.
  • the second module includes a second floor 230 attached to the second module vertical walls 210 and 220.
  • one of the walls may instead be comprised of one or more support columns instead of a planar wall as shown in the FIGS.
  • wall includes a planar wall, or support columns, or a portion of a wall.
  • any supporting member that is attached to a floor or ceiling along with an additional wall member may form a module according to the present invention.
  • Each of the prefabricated modules include load-bearing elements so that the modules may be used to build a multi-storey building such as building depicted in FIG. 1.
  • the load-bearing elements may be one of the vertical walls or support columns. In the load-bearing walls and columns, reinforcing steel bars ( “rebar” ) are positioned in horizontal and vertical directions for strengthening the structure.
  • rebar reinforcing steel bars
  • various features may be incorporated such as windows, plumbing, electrical wiring, built-in units such as kitchen cabinets, flooring, HVAC, etc.
  • factory testing may be performed to ensure proper functioning of all components prior to assembly at the building site.
  • the prefabricated modules may be shells that are finished following assembly into a multi-storey building. The level of finishing of the modules does not impact the attachments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a plurality of reinforcing attachment members 300 connected to at least a first vertical wall of the first concrete-based prefabricated module 100.
  • each reinforcing attachment member 300 includes a base portion 310 embedded in the first vertical wall and periodic projections 320 extending away from the base portion.
  • the reinforcing attachment member is selected to be a girder although, as seen below, a wide variety of reinforcing attachment member configurations may be used in the present invention.
  • the particular attachment member 300 is a lattice girder that includes two base rails 310 and a pair of triangular truss-configured projections extending towards a third rail 330 that periodically repeat along the length of the girder.
  • the base rails 310 of the girder are embedded in the pre-cast concrete walls with the truss-shaped projections 320 extending away from the embedded base.
  • both walls 110 and 220 include the reinforcing attachments 300.
  • the modules are positioned adjacent to one another such that the projections 320 do not overlap in the horizontal plane (the “long” direction of the wall) as seen in the top view of FIG. 5.
  • An approximately 10 mm gap may be maintained between the adjacent reinforcing attachments/girders.
  • respective projections/truss members 320, 320’ from each of the attachments 300 overlap, creating a strengthening structure to be described in further detail below.
  • concrete is cast in-situ, element 400, such that the two pre-cast walls, attachment members 300 and in-situ cast concrete forms a single composite wall with a total thickness equal to the sum of the two precast walls and the cast in-situ core.
  • FIG. 7 the distribution of forces is shown in the formed composite wall comprising the two vertical precast walls 110 and 220, attachment members 300, and in-situ cast concrete 400.
  • stresses will be generated tending to separate walls 110, 220, and in-situ cast concrete 400.
  • attachments 300 there is substantial stress borne by the bond between the in-situ cast concrete 400 and the walls 110 and 220.
  • the bond is insufficient to withstand these forces. Therefore, the composite wall will fail, not attaining the normal capacity of a comparable-thickness monolithic reinforced concrete wall.
  • the overlapping projections 320 of the attachment members 300 are able to transfer tensile and shear forces across the three composite wall components, walls 110, 220, and in-situ concrete 400.
  • attachment members 300 and 300’ respectively project from walls 110 and 220, with projections 320 and 320’ overlapping in the vertical plane but not the horizontal plane. Due to splitting stresses from an applied load, tensile forces are formed in the truss-shaped diagonal projections 320 and 320’. In the region 360 of FIG. 7A, the projections 320 and 320’ overlap.
  • a concrete strut is formed in region 360 from the in-situ concrete 400, the strut acting between an apex of projection 320 and an apex of projection 320’.
  • a compressive force is formed in the concrete strut which is transmitted to the apex of the triangular-shaped projection 320 and the apex of the triangular-shaped projection 320’; this results in the tensile stresses in the respective diagonal members of the attachments 300 and 320’. Because the diagonal members cross the interphase region at an angle, interphase shear is resisted as well. This overall combination of forces holds the opposite walls 110 and 220 together, creating a stronger composite wall.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B depict top and side views of a planar truss girder 500 used as a reinforcing attachment member.
  • the planar truss girder includes a single set of triangular projections 520 attached to a base member 510.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a sinusoidal-shaped girder 600 in which the repeating projections are sinusoidal curves 620 from a base 610.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 there are overlapping regions from opposing girders projecting from facing walls. As a result, the force distribution is substantially similar to that depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B.
  • FIG. 10 depicts an attachment member 700 including an array of projecting shear studs 720 attached to a base member 710.
  • the base member may be embedded in a vertical concrete wall 110, with projections 720 extending outward from the wall as shown in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 11A depicts a top view while FIG. 11B depicts a side view of the projecting shear studs 720 depicting the overlapping and non-overlapping configurations in respective planes.
  • FIG. 13 depicts the distribution of forces during loading of the composite wall formed by the vertical walls 110, 220, and in-situ concrete 400.
  • the letter T indicates the tension in the shear studs 720 while the letter C indicates the compressive forces in the in-situ concrete 400.
  • the letter c’ indicates a balancing compressive force in the concrete. The forces are similar to the concrete strut action depicted in FIGS. 7A and 7B; thus, the composite wall does not shear apart.
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B respectively depict top and side views of C-channel plates 800 embedded in concrete walls 110 and 220.
  • one side of the “C” acts as base member 810 while the other side of the C 820 acts as the projecting member.
  • FIG. 14C depicts the tension and compression forces in the C-channel and the concrete enveloped by the C-channel.
  • a plate 900 having perforations 950 may be used as the reinforcing attachment member.
  • the perforations 950 create the effect of an alternating periodic structure that overlaps a mating alternating periodic structure in facing walls 110 and 220.
  • FIG. 15C depicts the structural action of the perforated plate 900 depicting the regions of tension and compression.
  • FIG. 15D is a top view of a wall which depicts an alternative design.
  • reinforcement attachment members are steel bars 2900 bent into shape which are embedded such that a portion of the bar extends out of the concrete wall.
  • the steel bar forms an enclosure space 2430 with the precast concrete wall surface.
  • the bent steel bars 2900 are spaced out vertically along the precast wall according to design requirement.
  • a tie assembly 2400 consists of a straight metal bar 2410 and a number of L-shaped joining metal bar segments 2420, as seen in side view in FIG. 15E.
  • the L-shaped metal bar segments 2440 are joined to the straight bar 2410, for example, by welding or mechanical fasteners.
  • the dimensions and diameters of the straight bar 2410 and L-shaped metal joining bars are chosen according to structural design requirements and the dimensions of the steel bars 2900. Further, the L-shaped joining metal bars may take on other shapes as long as there is a portion of the shape that can engage the steel bars 2900.
  • the tie assembly may be temporarily fixed to the steel bars 2900 with wires or other attachments, and with the vertical steel bar 2410 placed inside the enclosure space 2430.
  • the temporary attachment will be removed (e.g., an attachment wire will be cut) , such that the tie assembly is free to be moved within the vertical space between bent steel bars 2900 and free to rotate, pivoting about the vertical steel bar 2410 inside enclosure space 2430.
  • the steel bars 2900 of walls A and B are side by side.
  • the tie bar assembly 2400 is pre-assembled and placed within the enclosure space 2430.
  • the clear vertical spacing of each adjacent steel bars 2900 may be slightly larger than the overall height of the L-shaped joining bar segments. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG 15E, the tie assembly 2400 may pivot about the straight bar (inside the enclosure space 2420 of wall A) to rotate the vertical leg of the L-shaped bar segments 2420 into a corresponding enclosure space of wall B, and lower the tie assembly to engage the corresponding steel bar.
  • the resulting position of the tie assembly will have the straight bar positioned within the wall A enclosure space 2430, and the vertical leg of L-shaped joining bar segments within wall B enclosure space. Therefore, a structural tie action is achieved with the arrangement after concrete or grout is cast into the void space.
  • FIGS. 16A, 16B, 17A, and 17B Examples of tying systems are depicted in FIGS. 16A, 16B, 17A, and 17B.
  • metallic channels 1100 and 1110 are cast in adjacent module vertical walls 110 and 220 facing each other.
  • tying members 1120 Prior to casting the concrete 400, tying members 1120 are inserted into the channels 1100 and 1110 with heads 1125 received in the channel such that the heads cannot be pulled out by forces tending to separate walls 110 and 220 (e.g., during casting of the concrete) .
  • channels with lips may be used for 1100 and 1110.
  • the tying members 1120 may be metal bolts with enlarged heads 1125 or any other linking rod that can be received in the channels and with an enlargement at end to engage the return lips of the channel.
  • FIG. 17A depicts a set of channels 1100 cast in module vertical wall 110.
  • a set of tying members 2000 is cast in adjacent module wall 220.
  • the tying member may be a shear stud/rod with an enlarged head 2010.
  • tension in the tying member prevents the separation of the composite wall; that is, wall 110 does not separate from wall 220 due to the action of the tying members and the channels.
  • FIG. 18A and 18B A variation of the above tying member is depicted in FIG. 18A and 18B.
  • Fig. 18A which is a plan view of a wall section
  • metallic channels 2510 with return lips are cast in adjacent module vertical walls facing each other.
  • the channels are formed by cutting a slot in a rectangular hollow section.
  • the tying member 2500 is a perforated steel plate as seen in FIG. 18B.
  • a steel plate 2500 with perforations 2502 is inserted into the slots 2512 of the steel hollow sections 2510.
  • the steel plate 2500 is configured to fit into the slot 2512 formed by the hollow steel sections 2510.
  • Perforations 2502 are pre-drilled in the steel plate 2500 such that when it is lowered down progressively into the steel hollow sections 2510, steel rods 2800 can be inserted into the perforations 2502.
  • the length of steel rods 2800 is designed such that it is slightly, say 2mm, shorter than the clear width of the steel hollow section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une fixation entre des modules préfabriqués à base de béton adjacents dans un étage unique d'un bâtiment modulaire à plusieurs étages. Un premier module préfabriqué à base de béton comprend au moins deux parois verticales et au moins un plafond ou un plancher. Une pluralité de premiers éléments de fixation de renforcement est reliée à une première paroi verticale comprenant des saillies périodiques s'étendant à partir de la première paroi verticale. Le second module comprend de façon similaire au moins deux parois verticales, un plafond ou un plancher et des éléments de fixation. Le premier module préfabriqué et le second module préfabriqué sont positionnés adjacents l'un à l'autre de telle sorte que les premières saillies périodiques de l'élément de fixation soient orientées vers les secondes saillies périodiques de l'élément de fixation. Un ensemble de liaison vient en prise avec les premières et secondes saillies périodiques de l'élément de fixation. Du béton coulé in situ incorpore les premier et second éléments de fixation et remplit un espace entre la première paroi verticale du premier module et la seconde paroi verticale du second module.
PCT/CN2019/119020 2018-11-16 2019-11-16 Interconnexion de modules préfabriqués pour un bâtiment modulaire WO2020098805A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SG11201911948RA SG11201911948RA (en) 2018-11-16 2019-11-16 Prefabricated Module Interconnection for Modular Building
CN201980069014.XA CN113195841A (zh) 2018-11-16 2019-11-16 用於模块化建筑物的预制模块的互连方法

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HK18114717 2018-11-16
HK18114717.3 2018-11-16
US201962818127P 2019-03-14 2019-03-14
US62/818,127 2019-03-14

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WO2020098805A1 true WO2020098805A1 (fr) 2020-05-22

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CN216640879U (zh) * 2021-09-15 2022-05-31 侯建群 预制钢筋混凝土异型构件组装的房屋
CN114215261A (zh) * 2021-09-15 2022-03-22 清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司 预制钢筋混凝土u型构件及其建筑结构

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US3803788A (en) * 1968-06-19 1974-04-16 P Artmann Building construction and process for producing structural elements for such construction
US4107886A (en) * 1974-03-25 1978-08-22 Systems Concept, Inc. Prefabricated building module
EP3263795A1 (fr) * 2016-06-28 2018-01-03 Seng Wong Paroi structurel composite et son procédé de construction

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CN102296728A (zh) * 2011-06-20 2011-12-28 南通建筑工程总承包有限公司 一种双钢板结构剪力墙及其施工方法
CN103437465B (zh) * 2013-07-18 2015-10-14 浙江中隧桥波形钢腹板有限公司 双层波形钢板组合结构隔墙
CN104929281A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2015-09-23 哈尔滨工业大学 钢筋桁架加劲的钢混凝土组合剪力墙
CN206873692U (zh) * 2017-06-14 2018-01-12 福建建泰建筑科技有限责任公司 预制叠合板双拼式叠合剪力墙
CN108118808A (zh) * 2018-01-15 2018-06-05 河南郑大建筑材料有限公司 一种装配整体式双面叠合剪力墙结构及其施工工艺

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803788A (en) * 1968-06-19 1974-04-16 P Artmann Building construction and process for producing structural elements for such construction
US4107886A (en) * 1974-03-25 1978-08-22 Systems Concept, Inc. Prefabricated building module
EP3263795A1 (fr) * 2016-06-28 2018-01-03 Seng Wong Paroi structurel composite et son procédé de construction

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