WO2020095396A1 - Électrode et dispositif de mesure de signal - Google Patents

Électrode et dispositif de mesure de signal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020095396A1
WO2020095396A1 PCT/JP2018/041399 JP2018041399W WO2020095396A1 WO 2020095396 A1 WO2020095396 A1 WO 2020095396A1 JP 2018041399 W JP2018041399 W JP 2018041399W WO 2020095396 A1 WO2020095396 A1 WO 2020095396A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
conductive portion
skull
head
conductive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/041399
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
篤史 入來
服部　泰
幸士 生田
義則 井上
Original Assignee
特定非営利活動法人ニューロクリアティブ研究会
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 特定非営利活動法人ニューロクリアティブ研究会 filed Critical 特定非営利活動法人ニューロクリアティブ研究会
Priority to PCT/JP2018/041399 priority Critical patent/WO2020095396A1/fr
Publication of WO2020095396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020095396A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/296—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
    • A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the structure of electrodes.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to reduce the load on the animal to be measured while measuring the electroencephalogram with a strong signal strength.
  • an electrode attached to penetrate a skull for acquiring an electroencephalogram the electrode having a pillar shape and including a curved surface at one end, and the first conductive portion.
  • the second conductive portion that is coupled on the side opposite to the one end portion and that extends in the radial direction of the first conductive portion, and the first portion and the second conductive portion that cover the side surface of the first conductive portion.
  • An insulating part including a second part covering the surface on the side to which the first conductive part is coupled is provided.
  • the first conductive portion may have a columnar shape.
  • the surface of the first conductive portion may be gold.
  • the first portion may cover a side surface of the first conductive portion other than the one end portion.
  • the first part and the second part may be combined.
  • the second portion may extend to the outside of the second conductive portion.
  • a signal measuring device including a plurality of electrodes described above, a wiring connected to each of the plurality of electrodes, and a signal output device connected to the wiring.
  • the wiring may be connected to the second conductive portion.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an electroencephalogram analysis system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electroencephalogram analysis system includes a signal measurement device 1000 and an analysis device 50.
  • the signal measuring device 1000 includes a plurality of electrodes 10-1, 10-2, ..., 10-n and a signal output device 30.
  • the plurality of electrodes 10-1, 10-2, ..., 10-n are not particularly distinguished, these electrodes are collectively referred to simply as the electrode 10.
  • the plurality of electrodes 10 is arranged in a hole formed in the skull and acquires an electroencephalogram signal.
  • the plurality of electrodes 10 are connected to the connector 20 via wires 80 (see FIG. 4). The detailed structure of the electrode 10 will be described later.
  • the signal output device 30 is connected to the plurality of electrodes 10 via the connector 20 and receives the electroencephalogram signal acquired by the electrodes 10.
  • the signal output device 30 associates the received electroencephalogram signal with the electrode 10 that has received the electroencephalogram signal and the information related to the reception time, and temporarily stores the electroencephalogram information.
  • the electroencephalogram information is output to a device outside the signal output device 30. In this example, the electroencephalogram information is output to the analysis device 50.
  • the analysis device 50 stores the brain wave information acquired from the signal output device 30 and executes various analysis processes using the brain wave information.
  • the signal output device 30 includes a control unit 310, a P / S conversion unit 320, a memory 330, a communication unit 340, and a connector 350.
  • the signal output device 30 also includes a battery (not shown) for driving these components.
  • the battery may be a rechargeable secondary battery or a replaceable primary battery.
  • the control unit 310 includes an arithmetic processing circuit such as a CPU corresponding to a computer.
  • the P / S (parallel / serial) converter 320 converts the electroencephalogram signals input in parallel from the connector 20 connected to the connector 350 in parallel to the number of electrodes 10 into serial (serial) data. Output.
  • the memory 330 stores various information.
  • the information stored in the memory 330 includes a program executed by the control unit 310 and brain wave information.
  • the electroencephalogram information is information in which the electroencephalogram signal obtained for each electrode 10 is associated with time information as described above. That is, the electroencephalogram information allows the situation of the electroencephalogram signal at each time to be understood.
  • the communication unit 340 communicates with an external device such as the analysis device 50 under the control of the control unit 310.
  • the communication method may be wireless communication or wired communication.
  • the analysis device 50 may be connected to the communication unit 340 with the signal output device 30 removed from the connector 20.
  • the signal output device 30 stores the brain wave signal input via the connector 350 as the brain wave information in the memory 330, and outputs the brain wave information including the brain wave signal from the communication unit 340 in response to the request from the analysis device 50. , And is controlled by the control unit 310.
  • Electrode configuration Next, the detailed structure of the electrode 10 will be described.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the external appearance of the electrode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an external appearance when the conductive portion and the insulating portion that form the electrode according to the first embodiment of the present invention are separated.
  • the electrode 10 includes a conductive portion 12 and an insulating portion 14. A part of the conductive portion 12 is covered with the insulating portion 14. In this example, the conductive portion 12 and the insulating portion 14 are removable.
  • the conductive portion 12 includes a shaft portion 122 (first conductive portion) and a head portion 124 (second conductive portion).
  • the conductive portion 12 has a surface formed of at least gold.
  • the inside of the conductive portion 12 may be formed of gold or another conductor.
  • the surface of the conductive portion 12 may be a conductor other than gold, and may be a conductor having low corrosiveness, such as another noble metal or titanium, in order to reduce harm to the body.
  • the shaft portion 122 has a columnar shape between both ends.
  • the shaft portion 122 has a curved surface shape in which a part of a sphere is cut off at one end 1225 thereof.
  • the shaft portion 122 has a head portion 124 coupled thereto at an end portion on the opposite side to the one end portion 1225.
  • a surface of the head portion 124 that is coupled to the shaft portion 122 is referred to as a head lower surface 1243, and a surface opposite to the head lower surface 1243 is referred to as a head upper surface 1241.
  • the head upper surface 1241 is a surface to which wirings described later are joined.
  • the lower surface 1243 of the head is exposed outside the portion where the shaft 122 is coupled. In other words, the head portion 124 extends in the radial direction of the shaft portion 122 with respect to the shaft portion 122.
  • At least the outer surface of the insulating portion 14 is formed of an insulating member, and in this example, the whole is formed of an insulating member.
  • the insulating member is made of a plastic material, but it may be made of an inorganic material or an organic material, and it is desirable that the insulating member is made of a material that is less harmful to living organisms.
  • the insulating portion 14 includes a tubular portion 142 (first portion) and an expanded portion 144 (second portion), and a through hole 146 penetrating the tubular portion 142 and the expanded portion 144 is arranged.
  • the shaft portion 122 is inserted into the through hole 146. That is, the diameter of the through hole 146 and the diameter of the shaft portion 112 are substantially the same.
  • a surface of the expanded portion 144 to which the tubular portion 142 is coupled is referred to as an expanded portion lower surface 1443, and a surface opposite to the expanded portion lower surface 1443 is referred to as an expanded portion upper surface 1441.
  • the extension upper surface 1441 and the head lower surface 1243 are in contact with each other.
  • the expanded portion upper surface 1441 is larger than the head lower surface 1243 and extends outward. Therefore, when the insulating part 14 is attached to the conductive part 12, the expansion part 144 covers the head lower surface 1243, and a part of the expansion part upper surface 1441 is exposed from the head 124.
  • the tubular portion 142 is a side surface of the shaft portion 112 other than the one end portion 1225 of the shaft portion 122. And one end portion 1225 of the shaft portion 122 is exposed in a state of protruding from the lower end portion of the tubular portion 142.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of placing the electrode according to the first embodiment of the present invention on the skull.
  • the structure of the insulating portion 14 is omitted.
  • the electrode 10 is arranged by inserting the electrode 10 into a hole 905 (see FIG. 5) formed in the skull 90.
  • the diameter of this hole is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the tubular portion 142 and less than the outer diameter of the expanded portion 144, and in this example, is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the tubular portion 142. Therefore, on the skull surface 910 side, the head portion 124 of the conductive portion 12 and the expansion portion 144 of the insulating portion 14 remain without being inserted.
  • the electrode 10 is fixed to the skull 90 by covering a part of the head portion 124 and the entire expansion portion 144 with the fixing member 17.
  • the fixing member 17 is an insulating material, for example, carboxylate cement.
  • carboxylate cement for the fixing member 17, it is desirable to use a material that is less harmful to the body.
  • the wiring 80 is joined to the head 124.
  • the wiring 80 is joined to the head 124 by brazing using a brazing material 128.
  • the head 124 and the wiring 80 are electrically connected.
  • the wiring 80 and the head 124 may be joined by another welding technique such as pressure welding and fusion welding, or may be joined by another technique.
  • the wiring 80 is pulled out to the outside of the scalp 99 and connected to the connector 20.
  • the surface of the wiring 80 is covered with an insulator except for the portion connected to the head portion 124 and the connector 20.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the electrode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sectional view shown in FIG. 5 shows a state in which the electrode 10 is inserted into the hole 905 of the skull 90.
  • the conductive portion 12 is prevented from contacting the skull 90 by the insulating portion 14.
  • the tube portion 142 is arranged between the shaft portion 122 and the skull 90
  • the expansion portion 144 is arranged between the head portion 124 and the skull.
  • the skull 90 has conductivity due to moisture or the like, but is insulated from the conductive portion 12 by the insulating portion 14. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the conductive portion 12 of one electrode 10 from being electrically connected to the conductive portion 12 of another electrode 10 via the skull 90.
  • the electrode 10 is fixed to the skull 90 by the fixing member 17 arranged on the skull surface 910.
  • the fixing member 17 covers the exposed portion of the insulating portion 14, that is, the extension upper surface 1441 and the extension side surface 1448. Further, the fixing member 17 covers a part of the head side surface 1248 of the conductive portion 12.
  • the fixing member 17 may cover the entire side surface 1248 of the head and further cover at least a part of the upper surface 1241 of the head, or may cover the entire upper surface 1241 of the head.
  • the joint between the top surface 1241 of the head and the wiring 80 is also covered with the fixing member 17.
  • the conductive portion 12 is fixed to the skull 90 more strongly.
  • the electrode 10 When the electrode 10 is fixed to the skull 90 by the fixing member 17, the electrode 10 is in a state of being pushed into the hole 905 of the skull 90 until the lower surface 1443 of the expanded portion comes into contact with the skull surface 910.
  • the length of the shaft portion 122 is set so that the conductive portion 12 (the one end portion 1225 of the shaft portion 122) contacts the surface of the brain 95.
  • the length of the tubular portion 142 is set so that the lower end portion of the insulating portion 14 (the tubular portion 142) is located between the inner surface 920 of the skull 90 and the brain 95.
  • the size of each part of the electrode 10, such as the length of the shaft portion 122 and the length of the tubular portion 142, is appropriately set depending on the animal to be measured.
  • the part in contact with the brain 95 is the curved surface of the one end 1225 of the shaft 122.
  • the portion that contacts the brain 95 has a curved surface shape that is convex outward, and does not have a corner portion (for example, a ridgeline) that protrudes outward, so that the electrode 10 is positioned relative to the brain 95. It becomes difficult to affect. For example, even if the force with which the shaft portion 122 is pressed against the brain 95 increases due to individual differences (size differences) of the animals to be measured, the brain 95 can be prevented from being damaged.
  • the lower end of the cylindrical portion 142 may have a curved shape so that the outer peripheral portion does not have a corner. As a result, even if the lower end of the tubular portion 142 comes into contact with the brain 95, the same effect can be obtained.
  • the conductive portion 12 does not directly contact the brain 95, but contacts through the dura covering the brain 95. Since the one end portion 1225 of the shaft portion 122 has the above-described shape, the shaft portion 122 is hard enough to bring the dura and the brain 95 into contact with each other while reducing the load applied to the internal tissues such as the dura. The membrane can be deformed. As a result, even if the brain 95 is contacted via the dura, the electroencephalogram signal can be acquired with sufficient intensity via the conductive portion 12.
  • the electrode 10 can be attached to the skull 90 for a long period of time by using a material having low biotoxicity for the electrode 10, so that the load on the animal to be measured is small. Even if the electrode 10 needs to be replaced, the electrode 10 inserted into the skull 90 can be replaced with another electrode 10, and the skull 90 and the dura are not required to be processed. The load on the target animal is small. Further, when maintenance of the signal output device 30 (main unit failure, charging of battery, replacement, etc.) is required, the signal output device 30 can be detached from the connector 20 and the signal output device 30 after maintenance can be attached to the connector 20 again. ..
  • the expansion part 144 is expanded to the outside of the head part 124, but the head part 124 may be expanded to the outside of the expansion part 144.
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an electrode according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrode 10A shown in FIG. 6 includes an expansion portion 144A.
  • the expansion portion 144A includes an expansion portion side surface 1448A arranged inside the head side surface 1248.
  • the fixing member 17 is arranged between the head portion 124 and the skull 90 by expanding the fixing member 17 until it comes into contact with the expanded portion side surface 1448A, so that the head portion 124 and the skull 90 are not electrically connected to each other. can do.
  • the lower end portion of the tubular portion 142 may be present inside the hole 905 of the skull 90, and the shaft portion 122 and the skull 90 may not be bent so that the shaft portion 122 does not come into contact with the skull 90. It suffices that the insulating portion 14 exists between the two.
  • the head top surface 1241 has a planar shape, but may have another shape, or may have a curved surface shape obtained by cutting out a part of a sphere.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view of an electrode according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrode 10B shown in FIG. 7 includes a head 124B.
  • the head 124B includes a head upper surface 1241B having a curved surface shape obtained by cutting out a part of a sphere.
  • a part of the fixing member 17 may cover the outer peripheral portion of the head portion 124B.
  • the shaft portion 122 has a cylindrical shape, but it may have a step on the side surface.
  • the side surface of the shaft portion 122 and the inner surface of the through hole 146 may have a portion that engages with each other.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of an electrode according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrode 10C shown in FIG. 8 includes a shaft portion 122C and a tubular portion 142C.
  • the side surface of the shaft portion 122C has a male screw shape
  • the inner surface of the through hole 146C has a female screw shape.
  • the conductive portion 12C and the insulating portion 14C have a structure in which at least a portion where the conductive portion 12C and the insulating portion 14C are engaged with each other is at least partially formed, so that the conductive portion 12C is less likely to come off the insulating portion 14C.
  • the shaft portion 122 has a columnar shape between both ends, but it may not have a columnar shape, and may have another columnar shape.
  • the shape of a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the pillar extends may be defined, and the direction extending outward from the center of gravity of this cross section may be defined as the radial direction.
  • the other columnar shape may be, for example, a cross-sectional shape other than the circular shape as in the first embodiment, and may be, for example, a rectangular shape, and forms an edge portion combined with a curved line and a straight line. It may have a shape.
  • the through hole 146 may also have an inner surface shape corresponding to the side surface shape of the shaft portion 122.
  • the outer side surface of the tubular portion 142 may have various shapes like the side surface of the shaft portion 122, but it does not have to have the same shape as the side surface of the shaft portion 122.
  • the cylindrical portion of the shaft portion 122 may be formed in a prismatic shape, or the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 142 may be formed in a cylindrical side surface. Since the hole 905 of the skull 90 is mostly formed by a drill or the like, it is desirable that the outer surface of the tubular portion 142 has a cylindrical side surface.
  • the one end portion 1225 of the shaft portion 122 has a curved surface shape obtained by cutting a part of a sphere, but may have another shape.
  • the shape does not have to be a part of the surface of the sphere as long as it has a shape including a curved surface portion that is convex outward in the portion that contacts the brain 95.
  • the head portion 124 has a columnar shape with a low height, but it may have any shape as long as it has a portion that expands in the radial direction of the shaft portion 122. It may be.
  • the head upper surface 1241 and the head lower surface 1243 do not have to be circular, and may have, for example, a rectangular shape or a shape that forms an edge portion that is combined with a curved line and a straight line.
  • the head lower surface 1243 when the head lower surface 1243 is viewed along the length direction of the shaft portion 122, the head lower surface 1243 may have a portion extending outside the shaft portion 122. Note that this point is the same in the relationship between the expanded portion 144 and the tubular portion 142 in the insulating portion 14.
  • the insulating portion 14 may have elasticity.
  • the diameter of the through hole 146 is made slightly smaller than the diameter of the shaft portion 122 in a state where the insulating portion 14 and the conductive portion 12 are separated. Then, when the conductive portion 12 is attached to the insulating portion 14, the shaft portion 122 may be inserted while expanding the diameter of the through hole 146 (while expanding the cylindrical portion 142 to the outside). With this configuration, the tubular portion 142 is pressed against the periphery of the shaft portion 122, the frictional force between the tubular portion 142 and the shaft portion 122 is increased, and the conductive portion 12 is unlikely to come off from the insulating portion 14.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Psychology (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Abstract

Une électrode selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention est une électrode passée à travers le crâne et fixée à celui-ci pour acquérir des ondes cérébrales, l'électrode étant pourvue : d'une première partie électroconductrice ayant une forme en colonne et comprenant une surface incurvée dans une partie extrémité de celle-ci ; d'une seconde partie électroconductrice s'étendant dans la direction radiale de la première partie électroconductrice, la seconde partie électroconductrice étant jointe à la première partie électroconductrice sur le côté opposé à la partie extrémité de la première partie électroconductrice ; et d'une partie isolante comprenant une première partie destinée à recouvrir une surface latérale de la première partie électroconductrice et une seconde partie destinée à recouvrir la surface de la seconde partie électroconductrice sur le côté de celle-ci sur lequel la première partie électroconductrice est connectée.
PCT/JP2018/041399 2018-11-07 2018-11-07 Électrode et dispositif de mesure de signal WO2020095396A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2018/041399 WO2020095396A1 (fr) 2018-11-07 2018-11-07 Électrode et dispositif de mesure de signal

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010038393A1 (fr) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 国立大学法人奈良先端科学技術大学院大学 Dispositif de mesure d'informations intracérébrales
WO2011132756A1 (fr) * 2010-04-21 2011-10-27 国立大学法人東北大学 Unité d'électrodes pour encéphalogramme destinée à des petits animaux et son emploi dans un système de mesure
JP2014079387A (ja) * 2012-10-17 2014-05-08 Nara Institute Of Schience And Technology 脳機能計測装置及び計測方法
JP2016168104A (ja) * 2015-03-11 2016-09-23 国立大学法人 筑波大学 脳活動計測装置及びセンサユニット
JP2017531483A (ja) * 2014-10-03 2017-10-26 ウッドウェルディング・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト 医療デバイス、装置、および外科的方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010038393A1 (fr) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 国立大学法人奈良先端科学技術大学院大学 Dispositif de mesure d'informations intracérébrales
WO2011132756A1 (fr) * 2010-04-21 2011-10-27 国立大学法人東北大学 Unité d'électrodes pour encéphalogramme destinée à des petits animaux et son emploi dans un système de mesure
JP2014079387A (ja) * 2012-10-17 2014-05-08 Nara Institute Of Schience And Technology 脳機能計測装置及び計測方法
JP2017531483A (ja) * 2014-10-03 2017-10-26 ウッドウェルディング・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト 医療デバイス、装置、および外科的方法
JP2016168104A (ja) * 2015-03-11 2016-09-23 国立大学法人 筑波大学 脳活動計測装置及びセンサユニット

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