WO2020094043A1 - 内置返混式煤粉自预热方法及设备、煤粉自热式燃烧器 - Google Patents
内置返混式煤粉自预热方法及设备、煤粉自热式燃烧器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020094043A1 WO2020094043A1 PCT/CN2019/115929 CN2019115929W WO2020094043A1 WO 2020094043 A1 WO2020094043 A1 WO 2020094043A1 CN 2019115929 W CN2019115929 W CN 2019115929W WO 2020094043 A1 WO2020094043 A1 WO 2020094043A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- preheating chamber
- leg
- powder
- outlet
- pulverized coal
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
- F23K1/04—Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
Definitions
- the embodiment of the present invention relates to the field of boilers, in particular to a method and equipment for self-preheating of pulverized coal, and a self-heating burner of pulverized coal.
- Coal is China's main energy source and an important chemical raw material.
- Coal combustion power generation is the main method of using coal as a primary energy source.
- Coal pyrolysis or gasification to syngas and oil products is an important way for coal to be used as a chemical raw material and clean and efficient conversion.
- the nitrogen oxides produced during the combustion of pulverized coal are one of the main pollutants that form smog and are more harmful to the environment; coal produces a large amount of refractory residues with low volatile content during pyrolysis or gasification conversion (Also known as pyrolysis semi-coke and gasified carbon residue), improper treatment of such residues, on the one hand, harms the environment, on the other hand, greatly reduces the utilization rate of coal. Therefore, under the current situation that China's coal utilization technology is basically mature, there are still secondary pollution, including gas pollutants and solid pollutants, which are not fully controlled and resolved.
- Chinese patent CN105444198B discloses a powdered fuel self-preheating device and method, a powdered fuel combustion boiler system, which is based on the circulating fluidized bed combustion technology, and proposes a powdered fuel self-preheating method by which the fuel The treatment is carried out to achieve efficient and stable combustion of fuels, especially low-volatile fuels with variable load.
- the self-preheating device for powdered fuel used in this method has a large volume and a complicated structure, and it is necessary to further simplify the structure and reduce the volume.
- the present invention provides a pulverized coal self-preheating device, including: a preheating chamber, the preheating chamber forms an internal cavity and a powder feed air inlet is provided at the bottom; and a back mixing device, provided The internal cavity of the preheating chamber.
- the back-mixing device includes: a gas-solid separator, the inlet of the gas-solid separator is located in the upper part of the preheating chamber and communicates with the internal cavity of the preheating chamber, and the outlet of the gas-solid separator is adapted to communicate with the preheating chamber External communication; and a feed leg, the feed leg communicates with the lower portion of the gas-solid separator and extends downward, the feed leg is suitable for forming a seal, wherein: through the outlet of the feed leg into the internal space of the coal The powder is suitable for heating the pulverized coal fed from the powder inlet.
- the preheating chamber is a cylinder and / or the back-mixing device is a water-cooled structure or is made of refractory and wear-resistant materials.
- the feed leg includes a vertical portion connected to the lower portion of the gas-solid separator and an inclined portion connected to the lower end of the vertical portion; the angle formed between the inclined portion and the longitudinal direction is greater than or equal to 20 degrees and less than Within 30 degrees. Alternatively, the angle formed by the inclined portion and the longitudinal direction is within a range of 30 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less.
- the outlet end face of the feed leg is a vertical end face.
- the outlet section of the material leg is in the shape of a tapered cross-sectional area of the outlet channel.
- a baffle is provided at the outlet of the material leg, and the baffle is used to limit the cross-sectional area of the channel of the outlet of the material leg or provide resistance to the outflow of coal powder from the outlet of the material leg.
- a method for self-preheating pulverized coal including the steps of: providing a preheating chamber and a back-mixing device, the back-mixing device is disposed in an internal space of the preheating chamber, and the back-mixing device includes The gas-solid separator and the feed legs connected to it; from the bottom of the preheating chamber to the inner space of the preheater, the powder-feeding air carrying coal powder is introduced; and the air from the gas-solid separator using the gas-solid separator Coal powder is separated from the powder mixture, and the separated coal powder enters the internal space of the preheating chamber through the outlet of the feed leg, wherein the coal powder entering the internal space of the preheating chamber through the outlet of the feed leg is suitable for heating Pulverized coal, coal powder fed by the powder-feeding air, undergoes combustion and gasification reactions in the preheating chamber under a reducing atmosphere.
- the method further includes the step of heating the temperature of the preheating chamber to above 500 ° C before passing the powder feed air into the internal space of the preheater.
- the air volume of the powder feed air accounts for 10 to 25% of the theoretical air volume for the complete combustion of coal powder.
- the feed leg includes a vertical part connected to the lower part of the gas-solid separator and an inclined part connected to the lower end of the vertical part; and the method further includes the steps of selecting or determining the inclined part and the vertical The angle between the straight lines can be used to adjust or determine the height of the sealing material in the material legs.
- the method further includes the step of selecting or determining a tapered shape of the cross section of the outlet channel of the material leg to adjust or determine the height of the sealing material in the material leg.
- a baffle is provided at the outlet end face of the feed leg to limit the cross-sectional area of the outlet passage of the feed leg or to provide resistance to the outflow of coal powder from the exit of the feed leg.
- a pulverized coal self-heating burner including: the pulverized coal self-preheating device described above; a high-temperature fuel communication tube, one end of the communication tube is connected to the gas-solid The outlet of the separator communicates with the fuel injection port, and communicates with the other end of the communication tube.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pulverized coal self-preheating device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulverized coal self-heating burner according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hopper structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pulverized coal self-preheating device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- a self-preheating device for pulverized coal includes:
- a preheating chamber 2 the preheating chamber 2 forms an internal cavity and a powder feed air inlet is provided at the bottom;
- a back-mixing device 3 is provided in the internal cavity of the preheating chamber 2.
- the back-mixing device 3 includes:
- Gas-solid separator 3-1 the inlet 3a of the gas-solid separator 3-1 is located in the upper part of the preheating chamber and communicates with the internal cavity of the preheating chamber, and the outlet of the gas-solid separator 3-1 is suitable for The preheating room is connected to the outside;
- a feed leg 3-2 which is in communication with the lower part of the gas-solid separator and extends downward, the feed leg is suitable for forming a seal
- the coal powder that enters the internal space of the preheating chamber through the outlet of the feed leg is suitable for heating the coal powder fed from the powder feed air inlet.
- the feed leg 3-2 includes a vertical portion connected to the lower portion of the gas-solid separator 3-1 and an inclined portion connected to the lower end of the vertical portion.
- the outlet section of the feed leg is in the shape of a tapered cross-sectional area of the outlet channel.
- the outlet of the material leg is provided with a baffle plate 5, which is used to limit the cross-sectional area of the channel of the outlet of the material leg or to provide resistance to the outflow of coal powder from the outlet of the material leg.
- the baffle 5 is located in the upper half of the outlet end face of the feed leg.
- the pulverized coal self-preheating device may further include a baffle control device for controlling the position of the baffle at the outlet end face of the feed leg.
- the baffle is pivotally connected at the outlet of the feed leg in a resiliently resettable manner.
- a remixing device is provided inside the preheating chamber to eliminate the need for a separate control of the feeder, which is simple, reliable, and easy to operate.
- the cycle established inside the preheating chamber can be used to maintain the preheating temperature.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulverized coal self-heating burner according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- a pulverized coal self-heating burner includes:
- the powder feed air inlet is adapted to communicate with the powder feed air pipe 1;
- the high-temperature fuel communication pipe 6 has one end of the communication pipe communicating with the outlet of the gas-solid separator 3-1; and the fuel injection port 4 communicating with the other end of the communication pipe 6.
- the powder feeding air pipe 1 is connected with the pulverizing system of the pulverized coal boiler through a pipeline, and is used to directly pass the pulverized coal mixture of the self-made pulverizing system into the pulverized coal preheating chamber for partial combustion and preheating.
- the fuel nozzle 4 together with the inner secondary air nozzle 4 a and the outer secondary air nozzle 4 b which are sequentially arranged on the outer side in the radial direction constitutes a coaxial jet.
- Channel spout As shown in FIG. 2, in an alternative embodiment, the fuel nozzle 4 together with the inner secondary air nozzle 4 a and the outer secondary air nozzle 4 b which are sequentially arranged on the outer side in the radial direction constitutes a coaxial jet. Channel spout.
- the burner may further include a burner control device for controlling or adjusting at least one of the coal feed amount, the powder feed air amount, the internal secondary air amount, and the external secondary air amount.
- the burner control device may further include the aforementioned baffle control device.
- the powder air inlet of the preheating chamber is in communication with the powder system.
- the burner of the present invention is a new type of internal circulation self-heating pulverized coal burner, which can be used for high-efficiency and low-nitrogen combustion utilization of powdered fuels such as pulverized coal, semi-coke, residual carbon, slime, solid waste fly ash It can effectively meet the requirements of coal powder preparation in existing coal powder boilers, and can replace the burners of existing coal powder boilers.
- the burner of the present invention includes a preheating chamber, a remixing device and a fuel injection port, wherein the powder feed air inlet of the preheating chamber is adapted to communicate with the powder feed air pipe, the remixing device is located in the preheating chamber, and the upper outlet of the remixing device Communicate with fuel nozzle.
- the temperature of the pulverized coal preheating chamber can be heated to above 500 ° C by using a start igniter.
- the powder feed air carries the coal powder into the bottom of the coal powder preheating chamber.
- the powder feed air volume accounts for 10 to 25% of the theoretical air volume for the complete combustion of the coal powder.
- the coal powder partially burns in an oxygen-deficient environment. Part of the gasification reaction, releasing part of the heat to maintain its own temperature, while generating high-temperature coke and coal gas.
- the powder feed wind carries the coal powder upward in the coal powder preheating chamber and enters the remixing device.
- the remixing device includes two links of separation and material return, which are integrated into an integrated device.
- the coarse particles in the coal powder are separated and captured and returned to the coal
- the bottom of the powder preheating chamber continues to participate in part of the combustion and part of the gasification reaction, and heats the pulverized coal that has just been fed into the pulverized coal preheating chamber by the heat carried by itself. After the powder feeding and back mixing reach equilibrium, the temperature of the preheated combustion chamber is maintained. After preheating the fine-grained pulverized coal, it will directly enter the high-temperature fuel nozzle with the generated high-temperature coke and coal gas from the pulverized coal preheating chamber outlet. Air and / or recirculated flue gas can be introduced at the high-temperature fuel nozzle, and finally in the furnace Complete the combustion of high temperature fuel.
- the temperature of the pulverized coal preheating chamber can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the amount of coal feed, the amount of powdered air, and the composition of the powdered air in the range of 700-1000 ° C.
- the pulverized coal separated by the gas-solid separator enters the feed leg, and then enters the bottom or lower part of the preheating chamber through the feed leg under the action of gravity.
- the bottom of the material leg is a section of inclined pipe, and / or a baffle is provided at the outlet end, the height of the material seal in the material leg is controlled by the inclination angle and / or the area of the baffle, to prevent air flow from passing through the material leg.
- the height of the material seal can be different according to different fuels.
- the flow area of the outlet of the inclined leg of the feed leg ⁇ the flow area of the feed leg may include various specific methods such as setting a baffle and changing the diameter of the pipe.
- the angle between the inclined leg section of the feed leg and the vertical direction is ⁇ .
- a smaller angle ⁇ can be selected, generally between 20 degrees ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 30 degrees; for fuels with a smaller bulk density, a larger angle ⁇ can be selected, generally 30 degrees ⁇ 50 Degrees.
- the area of the baffle can also be used to control the height of the material level in the material leg. If a higher material level is required to provide a larger pressure difference, a larger area baffle can be selected, if a lower material level is required to provide a smaller pressure difference. Choose a baffle with a smaller area.
- the outlet flow area of the inclined leg of the feed leg can be made to be equal to or smaller than the flow area of the leg.
- the back-mixing device 3 can form a stable internal circulation inside the preheating chamber, can continuously heat the cold coal powder newly entering the coal powder preheating chamber, and maintain the overall temperature of the coal powder preheating chamber.
- the circulation of the powder fuel in the preheating burner all occurs in the preheating chamber, which is no longer required compared with the prior art circulating fluidized bed method for preheating the powder fuel
- the feeder is installed to maintain the preheating temperature by using the cycle established inside the coal powder preheating chamber, so there is no need to control the feeder separately, which simplifies and stabilizes the preheating burner process.
- the burner can adopt the direct blowing powder feeding method, and the coal powder is carried into the pulverized coal preheating chamber by the powder feeding air.
- the particle size of the coal powder used in the burner is similar to that of the coal powder used in the coal powder furnace.
- the cylinder and the back-mixing device of the preheating chamber may be made of refractory and wear-resistant materials, or they may all be water-cooled structures, or one is a water-cooled structure and the other is made of wear-resistant refractory materials.
- the invention also relates to a self-preheating method of pulverized coal.
- the heat for preheating the pulverized coal is provided by the pulverized coal itself.
- Fresh coal powder enters the coal powder preheating chamber and contacts the coal powder that has been heated to a high temperature and returns to the bottom of the coal powder preheating chamber through the remixing device. Since the air volume of the powder feed accounts for 10-25% of the theoretical oxygen amount of coal powder combustion, Pulverized coal will undergo partial combustion and gasification reactions, release heat, and maintain the temperature of the preheating chamber of pulverized coal.
- the present invention also proposes the following pulverized coal self-preheating method:
- a pulverized coal self-preheating method including steps:
- the back-mixing device is set in the internal space of the preheating chamber.
- the back-mixing device includes a gas-solid separator and a feed leg connected thereto;
- the separated coal powder enters the internal space of the preheating chamber through the outlet of the feed leg, and enters the internal space of the preheating chamber through the outlet of the feed leg
- the pulverized coal is suitable for heating the pulverized coal fed by the pulverized air, and the pulverized coal fed by the pulverized air occurs combustion and gasification reaction in the preheating chamber under a reducing atmosphere.
- the temperature of the preheating chamber is heated to above 500 ° C.
- the air volume of the powder feed air accounts for 10 to 25% of the theoretical air volume for the complete combustion of pulverized coal.
- the feed leg includes a vertical portion connected to the lower portion of the gas-solid separator and an inclined portion connected to the lower end of the vertical portion;
- the method further includes the step of selecting or determining the angle between the inclined portion and the vertical line to adjust or determine the height of the sealing material in the leg.
- the tapered shape of the cross-section of the outlet channel of the leg is selected or determined to adjust or determine the height of the sealing material in the leg.
- a baffle is provided at the outlet end face of the feed leg to limit the cross-sectional area of the exit passage of the feed leg or to provide resistance to the flow of coal powder from the exit of the feed leg.
- the position of the baffle is adjustable, and the method further includes the steps of: adjusting the position of the baffle to adjust the height of the sealing material in the material leg; or
- the method also includes the step of adjusting the area of the used baffle at the outlet of the material leg to adjust the height of the sealing material in the material leg.
- the preheating temperature of the coal powder is adjusted by adjusting the amount of coal feed and the air volume of powder feed.
- coal powder is taken as an example, the coal powder self-preheating device, coal powder self-preheating method, and coal powder self-heating burner in the present invention, The same can be applied to other fuels that can be preheated in the form of small particles or powder, which are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
一种煤粉自预热设备，包括：预热室（2）和返混装置（3），预热室（2）形成内部空腔且底部设置有送粉风入口，返混装置（3）设置于预热室（2）的内部空腔。返混装置（3）包括：气固分离器（3-1）和料腿（3-2），气固分离器（3-1）的入口位于预热室（2）上部而与预热室（2）的内部空腔相通，气固分离器（3-1）的出口适于与预热室（2）外部相通，料腿（3-2）与气固分离器（3-1）的下部相通且向下延伸，料腿（3-2）适于形成料封，其中通过料腿（3-2）的出口进入预热室（2）的内部空间的煤粉适于加热由送粉风入口送入的煤粉。
Description
本发明的实施例涉及锅炉领域，尤其涉及一种煤粉自预热方法及设备，一种煤粉自热式燃烧器。
煤炭是中国主要能源和重要的化工原料。煤炭燃烧发电是煤炭作为一次能源利用的主要方式，煤炭热解或者气化制合成气和油品是煤炭作为化工原料以及清洁高效转化的重要方式。但是煤炭在利用过程中，均存在二次污染问题。比如煤粉燃烧过程中产生的氮氧化物是形成雾霾的主要污染物之一，对环境的危害较大；煤炭在热解或气化转化过程中产生大量挥发分含量较低的难燃残渣(又称热解半焦和气化残炭)，这类残渣处理不当，一方面危害环境，另一方面大大降低煤炭的利用率。因此，在中国煤炭利用技术已基本成熟的现状下，仍然有二次污染，包括气体污染物和固体污染物，未充分控制和解决等问题。
随着我国高品质煤炭资源的逐渐匮乏，我国大量电站煤粉锅炉面临燃料品质下降和超低排放的挑战，原有煤粉燃烧技术在燃烧如高水分或低挥发分煤，掺烧煤泥、兰炭、污泥等情况下，无法达到高效和超低排放的要求。
中国专利CN105444198B公开了一种粉状燃料自预热装置和方法、粉状燃料燃烧锅炉系统，其基于循环流化床燃烧技术，提出了一种粉状燃料自预热方法，通过该方法对燃料进行处理，实现了燃料特别是低挥发分燃料变负荷的高效稳定燃烧。但该方法采用的粉状燃料自预热装置体积较大，结构复杂，需要进一步简化结构和减小体积。
发明内容
为缓解或解决上述问题中的至少一个方面，提出本发明。
根据本发明的实施例的一个方面，本发明提出煤粉自预热设备，包括：预热室，所述预热室形成内部空腔且底部设置有送粉风入口；和返混装置，设置于所述预热室的内部空腔。所述返混装置包括：气固分离器，所述气固分离器的入口位于预热室上部而与预热室的内部空腔相通，所述气固分离器的出口适于与预热室外部相通；和料 腿，所述料腿与气固分离器的下部相通且向下延伸，所述料腿适于形成料封，其中：通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间的煤粉适于加热由送粉风入口送入的煤粉。
可选的，所述预热室为筒体和/或所述返混装置为水冷结构或者由耐火耐磨材料制成。
可选的，所述料腿包括与气固分离器的下部连接的竖直部以及与竖直部的下端连接的倾斜部；所述倾斜部与纵向形成的夹角在大于等于20度而小于30度的范围内。或者，所述倾斜部与纵向形成的夹角在大于等于30度而小于等于50度的范围内。
可选的，所述料腿的出口端面为竖直端面。
可选的，所述料腿的出口段为出口通道的横截面积渐缩的形状。
可选的，所述料腿的出口设置有挡板，所述挡板用于限缩料腿出口的通道横截面积或者为煤粉从料腿的出口流出提供阻力。
根据本发明的实施例的另一方面，提出了一种煤粉自预热方法，包括步骤：提供预热室与返混装置，返混装置设置于预热室的内部空间，返混装置包括气固分离器和与之相连的料腿；从预热室的底部向预热器的内部空间通入携带有煤粉的送粉风；和利用气固分离器从进入气固分离器的风粉混合物中分离煤粉，分离的煤粉通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间，其中通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间的煤粉适于加热由送粉风送入的煤粉，由送粉风送入的煤粉在预热室内在还原性气氛下发生燃烧和气化反应。
可选的，所述方法还包括步骤：在向预热器的内部空间通入送粉风之前，将预热室的温度加热到500℃以上。
可选的，送粉风的风量占煤粉完全燃烧理论空气量的10～25％。
可选的，所述料腿包括与气固分离器的下部连接的竖直部以及与竖直部的下端连接的倾斜部；且所述方法还包括步骤：选择或者确定所述倾斜部与竖直线之间的夹角以调节或者确定料腿内封料的高度。
可选的，所述方法还包括步骤：选择或者确定所述料腿的出口通道的横截面的渐缩形状以调节或者确定料腿内封料的高度。
可选的，在料腿的出口端面处设置挡板以限缩料腿的出口通道的横截面积或者为煤粉从料腿的出口流出提供阻力。
根据本发明的实施例的再一方面，提出了一种煤粉自热式燃烧器，包括：上述的煤粉自预热设备；高温燃料连通管，所述连通管的一端与所述气固分离器的出口相通； 和燃料喷口，与所述连通管的另一端连通。
图1为根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的煤粉自预热设备的示意图；
图2为根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的煤粉自热式燃烧器的示意图；
图3为根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的料腿结构的示意图。
下面通过实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。在说明书中，相同或相似的附图标号指示相同或相似的部件。下述参照附图对本发明实施方式的说明旨在对本发明的总体发明构思进行解释，而不应当理解为对本发明的一种限制。
图1为根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的煤粉自预热设备的示意图。如图1所示，一种煤粉自预热设备包括：
预热室2，所述预热室2形成内部空腔且底部设置有送粉风入口；和
返混装置3，设置于所述预热室2的内部空腔，所述返混装置3包括：
气固分离器3-1，所述气固分离器3-1的入口3a位于预热室上部而与预热室的内部空腔相通，所述气固分离器3-1的出口适于与预热室外部相通；和
料腿3-2，所述料腿3-2与气固分离器的下部相通且向下延伸，所述料腿适于形成料封，
其中：通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间的煤粉适于加热由送粉风入口送入的煤粉。
如图1-3所示，所述料腿3-2包括与气固分离器3-1的下部连接的竖直部以及与竖直部的下端连接的倾斜部。
虽然没有示出，所述料腿的出口段为出口通道的横截面积渐缩的形状。
如图3所示，所述料腿的出口设置有挡板5，所述挡板用于限缩料腿出口的通道横截面积或者为煤粉从料腿的出口流出提供阻力。
如图3所示，所述挡板5位于料腿的出口端面的上半部。
虽然没有示出，煤粉自预热设备还可包括挡板控制装置，用于控制所述挡板在料 腿的出口端面处的位置。
虽然没有示出，在可选的实施例中，所述挡板以弹力可复位的方式枢转连接在料腿的出口处。
在本发明中，在预热室内部设置返混装置，取消需要单独控制的返料器，简单可靠，易于操作，可以利用预热室内部建立的循环维持预热温度。
图2为根据本发明的一个示例性实施例的煤粉自热式燃烧器的示意图。
如图2所示，一种煤粉自热式燃烧器，包括：
例如图1中所示的煤粉自预热设备，所述送粉风入口适于与送粉风管1连通；
高温燃料连通管6，所述连通管的一端与所述气固分离器3-1的出口相通；和燃料喷口4，与所述连通管6的另一端连通。
送粉风管1与煤粉锅炉的制粉系统通过管道相连，用于将来自制粉系统的风粉混合物直接通入煤粉预热室进行部分燃烧和预热。
如图2所示，在可选的实施例中，所述燃料喷口4与在径向方向上依次设置在其外侧的内二次风喷口4a和外二次风喷口4b一起构成同轴射流多通道喷口。
虽然没有示出，燃烧器还可包括燃烧器控制装置，用于控制或者调整給煤量、送粉风量、内二次风量、外二次风量中的至少一种。所述燃烧器控制装置还可包括前述的挡板控制装置。
在可选的实施例中，预热室的送粉风入口与制粉系统连通。
本发明的燃烧器为一种新型内循环自热式煤粉燃烧器，可用于煤粉、半焦、残炭、煤泥、固废飞灰等粉体燃料的高效及低氮燃烧利用，能够有效地适应现有煤粉锅炉中煤粉制备要求，并能够替代现有煤粉锅炉的燃烧器。本发明的燃烧器包括了预热室、返混装置和燃料喷口，其中预热室的送粉风入口适于与送粉风管连通，返混装置位于预热室内，返混装置的上部出口与燃料喷口相通。
在上述的燃烧器中，不需要外界提供热量，预热煤粉的热量可全部由煤粉自身提供。
下面进一步说明本发明的内循环自热式煤粉燃烧器。
在燃烧器启动前，可以首先利用启动点火器将煤粉预热室的温度加热到500℃以上。
在运行该燃烧器时，送粉风携带煤粉进入煤粉预热室底部，送粉风量占煤粉完全燃烧理论空气量的10～25％，煤粉在缺氧的环境下发生部分燃烧和部分气化反应，释 放部分热量维持自身的温度，同时生成高温的焦炭和煤气。送粉风携带煤粉在煤粉预热室中向上运动，进入返混装置，返混装置包括分离和返料两个环节，集成为一体装置，煤粉中较粗颗粒被分离捕捉下来返回煤粉预热室底部继续参与部分燃烧和部分气化反应，并通过自身携带的热量加热刚刚送入煤粉预热室的煤粉，送粉和返混达到平衡后，维持预热燃烧室温度，粒度较细的煤粉预热后则直接从煤粉预热室出口随生成的高温焦炭和煤气进入高温燃料喷口，可在高温燃料喷口处通入空气和/或再循环烟气，最后在炉膛中完成高温燃料的燃烧。煤粉预热室的温度可以通过调整给煤量、送粉风量、送粉风成分在700～1000℃的范围内灵活调节。
根据本发明的燃烧器中，由气固分离器分离得到的煤粉进入到料腿中，在重力的作用下再通过料腿进入预热室底部或者下部。
在可选的实施例中，料腿底部为一段倾斜管，和/或出口端设置有挡板，通过倾斜角度和/或挡板面积控制料腿中的料封高度，防止气流通过料腿反窜入气固分离器，造成气固分离器失效，料封高度可以根据不同燃料而不同。
在本发明中，料腿倾斜管出口流通面积≤料腿流通面积，可以包括设置挡板、管径变化等多种具体方式。
如图3所示，料腿斜管段与垂直方向的夹角为θ。对于堆积密度较大的燃料可选用较小的角度θ，一般选择20度≤θ<30度之间；对于堆积密度较小的燃料可选用较大的角度θ，一般选择30度≤θ≤50度之间。
另外，也可利用挡板的面积控制料腿内料位的高度，如需要高料位提供较大的压差可选择较大面积的挡板，如需要低料位提供较小的压差可选择较小面积的挡板。
总之，在设置有倾斜管的情况下，可以使得料腿倾斜管出口流通面积≤料腿流通面积。
在本发明中，利用返混装置3，可以使预热室内部形成稳定的内循环，可以不断加热新进入煤粉预热室的冷煤粉，保持煤粉预热室内部的整体温度。
在采用上述方案的燃烧器中，粉体燃料在预热燃烧器中的循环都发生在预热室中，与现有技术中的循环流化床方法预热粉体燃料相比，不再需要设置返料器，利用煤粉预热室内部建立的循环维持预热温度，因此无需单独控制返料器，使预热燃烧器工艺简化并稳定。
为了适应煤粉锅炉中制粉系统的要求，燃烧器可采用直吹送粉的给料方式，煤粉由送粉风携带进入煤粉预热室。燃烧器中所用煤粉的粒径与煤粉炉所用煤粉的粒径相 似。
在本发明中，预热室的筒体和返混装置可以均为耐火耐磨材料浇筑而成，也可以均为水冷结构，或者一个为水冷结构，另一个为由耐磨耐火材料构成。
本发明也涉及煤粉自预热方法，该方法中，预热煤粉的热量由煤粉自身提供。新鲜煤粉进入煤粉预热室中与已经加热到高温经返混装置返回煤粉预热室底部的煤粉接触引燃，由于送粉风量占煤粉燃烧理论氧气量的10～25％，煤粉将发生部分的燃烧和气化反应，放出热量，维持煤粉预热室的温度。
基于以上，本发明还提出了如下的煤粉自预热方法：
1、一种煤粉自预热方法，包括步骤：
提供预热室与返混装置，返混装置设置于预热室的内部空间，返混装置包括气固分离器和与之相连的料腿；
从预热室的底部向预热器的内部空间通入携带有煤粉的送粉风；和
利用气固分离器从进入气固分离器的风粉混合物中分离煤粉，分离的煤粉通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间，其中通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间的煤粉适于加热由送粉风送入的煤粉，由送粉风送入的煤粉在预热室内在还原性气氛下发生燃烧和气化反应。
2、根据1的方法，还包括步骤：
在向预热器的内部空间通入送粉风之前，将预热室的温度加热到500℃以上。
3、根据1的方法，其中：
送粉风的风量占煤粉完全燃烧理论空气量的10～25％。
4、根据1或2或3的方法，其中：
所述料腿包括与气固分离器的下部连接的竖直部以及与竖直部的下端连接的倾斜部；且
所述方法还包括步骤：选择或者确定所述倾斜部与竖直线之间的夹角以调节或者确定料腿内封料的高度。
5、根据1或2或3的方法，还包括步骤：
选择或者确定所述料腿的出口通道的横截面的渐缩形状以调节或者确定料腿内封料的高度。
6、根据1-5中任一个的方法，其中：
在料腿的出口端面处设置挡板以限缩料腿的出口通道的横截面积或者为煤粉从 料腿的出口流出提供阻力。
7、根据6的方法，其中：
所述挡板的位置可调整，所述方法还包括步骤：调整挡板的位置以调整料腿内封料的高度；或者
所述方法还包括步骤：调整所使用挡板在料腿的出口处的面积以调整料腿内封料的高度。
8、根据7的方法，还包括步骤：
基于不同的燃料，调整挡板的位置或者调整所使用的挡板在料腿的出口处的面积以调整料腿内封料的高度。
9、根据1-8中任一个的方法，还包括步骤：
通过调整給煤量以及送粉风量调节煤粉的预热温度。
需要专门指出的是，虽然在本发明的实施例中，以煤粉为例进行了说明，本发明中的煤粉自预热设备、煤粉自预热方法、煤粉自热式燃烧器，同样可以适用于能够小颗粒或者粉状形式进行预热的其他燃料，这些均在本发明的保护范围内。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行变化、要素组合，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (12)
- 一种煤粉自预热设备，包括：预热室，所述预热室形成内部空腔且底部设置有送粉风入口；和返混装置，设置于所述预热室的内部空腔，所述返混装置包括：气固分离器，所述气固分离器的入口位于预热室上部而与预热室的内部空腔相通，所述气固分离器的出口适于与预热室外部相通；和料腿，所述料腿与气固分离器的下部相通且向下延伸，所述料腿适于形成料封，其中：通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间的煤粉适于加热由送粉风入口送入的煤粉。
- 根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中：所述预热室为筒体和/或所述返混装置为水冷结构或者由耐火耐磨材料制成。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其中：所述料腿包括与气固分离器的下部连接的竖直部以及与竖直部的下端连接的倾斜部；且所述倾斜部与纵向形成的夹角在大于等于20度而小于30度的范围内，或者所述倾斜部与纵向形成的夹角在大于等于30度而小于等于50度的范围内。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其中：所述料腿的出口段为出口通道的横截面积渐缩的形状。
- 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的设备，其中：所述料腿的出口设置有挡板，所述挡板用于限缩料腿出口的通道横截面积或者为煤粉从料腿的出口流出提供阻力。
- 一种煤粉自预热方法，包括步骤：提供预热室与返混装置，返混装置设置于预热室的内部空间，返混装置包括气固分离器和与之相连的料腿；从预热室的底部向预热器的内部空间通入携带有煤粉的送粉风；和利用气固分离器从进入气固分离器的风粉混合物中分离煤粉，分离的煤粉通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间，其中通过料腿的出口进入预热室的内部空间的煤粉适于加热由送粉风送入的煤粉，由送粉风送入的煤粉在预热室内在还原性气氛下发生燃烧和气化反应。
- 根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括步骤：在向预热器的内部空间通入送粉风之前，将预热室的温度加热到500℃以上。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中：送粉风的风量占煤粉完全燃烧理论空气量的10～25％。
- 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的方法，其中：所述料腿包括与气固分离器的下部连接的竖直部以及与竖直部的下端连接的倾斜部；且所述方法还包括步骤：选择或者确定所述倾斜部与竖直线之间的夹角以调节或者确定料腿内封料的高度。
- 根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的方法，还包括步骤：选择或者确定所述料腿的出口通道的横截面的渐缩形状以调节或者确定料腿内封料的高度。
- 根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的方法，其中：在料腿的出口端面处设置挡板以限缩料腿的出口通道的横截面积或者为煤粉从料腿的出口流出提供阻力。
- 一种煤粉自热式燃烧器，包括：根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的煤粉自预热设备；高温燃料连通管，所述连通管的一端与所述气固分离器的出口相通；和燃料喷口，与所述连通管的另一端连通。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811314695.5A CN111140868B (zh) | 2018-11-06 | 2018-11-06 | 内置返混式煤粉自预热方法及设备、煤粉自热式燃烧器 |
| CN201811314695.5 | 2018-11-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2020094043A1 true WO2020094043A1 (zh) | 2020-05-14 |
Family
ID=70515313
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2019/115929 WO2020094043A1 (zh) | 2018-11-06 | 2019-11-06 | 内置返混式煤粉自预热方法及设备、煤粉自热式燃烧器 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111140868B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2020094043A1 (zh) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09222204A (ja) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 流動床燃焼方法及び流動床燃焼装置 |
| CN101158468A (zh) * | 2007-09-30 | 2008-04-09 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 煤粉高温预热方法 |
| CN102212399A (zh) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-12 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 热解气化联合方法及装置 |
| KR20130104395A (ko) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-25 | 주식회사 쥴 | 사이클론 집진식 열교환기 구조의 고체연소 보일러 |
| CN103822205A (zh) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-28 | 东南大学 | 内置双进口旋风分离器的循环流化床燃烧装置 |
| CN105444198A (zh) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 粉状燃料自预热装置和方法、粉状燃料燃烧锅炉系统 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012233634A (ja) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 流動層乾燥装置及び石炭を用いたガス化複合発電システム |
| EP2940106B1 (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2018-12-12 | SK Innovation Co., Ltd. | Pneumatic conveying dryer for carbon fuel |
| CN103672866B (zh) * | 2013-11-25 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种炼铁工艺用喷吹煤粉预热燃烧装置及方法 |
| CN105805734B (zh) * | 2014-12-31 | 2018-01-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 煤粉预热燃烧器及煤粉预热燃烧方法 |
| CN204494457U (zh) * | 2015-02-17 | 2015-07-22 | 无锡昊瑜节能环保设备有限公司 | 一种煤粉预热器 |
-
2018
- 2018-11-06 CN CN201811314695.5A patent/CN111140868B/zh active Active
-
2019
- 2019-11-06 WO PCT/CN2019/115929 patent/WO2020094043A1/zh active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09222204A (ja) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 流動床燃焼方法及び流動床燃焼装置 |
| CN101158468A (zh) * | 2007-09-30 | 2008-04-09 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 煤粉高温预热方法 |
| CN102212399A (zh) * | 2010-04-07 | 2011-10-12 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 热解气化联合方法及装置 |
| KR20130104395A (ko) * | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-25 | 주식회사 쥴 | 사이클론 집진식 열교환기 구조의 고체연소 보일러 |
| CN103822205A (zh) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-28 | 东南大学 | 内置双进口旋风分离器的循环流化床燃烧装置 |
| CN105444198A (zh) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 粉状燃料自预热装置和方法、粉状燃料燃烧锅炉系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111140868B (zh) | 2021-03-26 |
| CN111140868A (zh) | 2020-05-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108151008B (zh) | 一种高温烟气预热半焦的电站锅炉低NOx混燃系统和方法 | |
| CN102585913B (zh) | 基于流化床热解技术的煤气焦油半焦蒸汽多联产方法 | |
| CN101158468B (zh) | 煤粉高温预热方法 | |
| WO2017161633A1 (zh) | 旋风燃烧装置、燃烧设备和燃烧方法 | |
| CN102384469B (zh) | 一种控氧流化床系统及运行方法 | |
| CN105805734B (zh) | 煤粉预热燃烧器及煤粉预热燃烧方法 | |
| CN205295251U (zh) | 固体废弃物两段热解气化系统 | |
| CN110553249B (zh) | 一种固体燃料旋转预热装置及方法 | |
| WO2024012181A1 (zh) | 一种新型水泥熟料煅烧分解炉 | |
| CN105419878B (zh) | 一种固体废弃物两段热解气化系统 | |
| WO2020094043A1 (zh) | 内置返混式煤粉自预热方法及设备、煤粉自热式燃烧器 | |
| CN212298956U (zh) | 以兰炭或天然气为燃料的循环流化床锅炉 | |
| CN101479530B (zh) | 灰分中未燃烧碳的增氧燃烧 | |
| CN211734263U (zh) | 一种用于固废热解处理的固体热载体炉 | |
| CN111156500B (zh) | 循环流化床预热室送粉方法及设备、燃料处理设备 | |
| CN208151309U (zh) | 一种制备高热值生物质燃气的流化床热解装置 | |
| CN111140842A (zh) | 返混自预热燃烧的锅炉系统、煤粉自预热燃烧方法 | |
| CN113280331A (zh) | 预热装置、预热燃烧器、燃烧系统、煤粉锅炉及其控制方法 | |
| CN113137608A (zh) | 一种油气固多燃料固体热载体炉 | |
| KR100867337B1 (ko) | 음식물쓰레기로부터 제조한 분체연료 연소용 버너 | |
| CN205782866U (zh) | 有效降低碳氧化物排放的循环流化床锅炉 | |
| CN111706854B (zh) | 一种旋风炉低NOx掺烧气化残炭的系统 | |
| CN209638992U (zh) | 燃固体废弃物的流化床锅炉 | |
| CN212511166U (zh) | 一种油气固多燃料固体热载体炉 | |
| CN220583135U (zh) | 一种水泥窑系统的替代燃料处置机构 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19882251 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 19882251 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |