WO2020094032A1 - 一种耗能支路及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种耗能支路及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020094032A1
WO2020094032A1 PCT/CN2019/115876 CN2019115876W WO2020094032A1 WO 2020094032 A1 WO2020094032 A1 WO 2020094032A1 CN 2019115876 W CN2019115876 W CN 2019115876W WO 2020094032 A1 WO2020094032 A1 WO 2020094032A1
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Prior art keywords
energy
consuming
switch
semiconductor device
power semiconductor
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PCT/CN2019/115876
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
詹长江
姜田贵
张宝顺
姚宏洋
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2020094032A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020094032A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, the networks, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/386—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of power electronics in power systems, and in particular to an energy-consuming branch and control method.
  • China's offshore wind energy resources are rich. Compared with onshore wind farms, its advantages are that it does not occupy land resources, is basically not affected by terrain and landforms, and has higher wind speed, larger wind turbine unit capacity, and higher annual utilization hours. With the implementation of China's offshore wind power planning and construction, the rapid development of offshore wind power will be ushered in. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid and achieve the coordinated and sustainable development of renewable energy and the power grid, research on the offshore wind power transmission system is needed.
  • the flexible DC transmission system can be connected to large-scale, offshore offshore wind farms. Due to the output structure of the converter stations at both ends and the output structure of the DC cable, it can adapt to the wide-range frequency fluctuations of the wind farm, not limited by the transmission distance, and the transmission loss is relatively high Low, is a solution for offshore wind power grid connection far away from the shore. In the event of failure of the AC power grid at the receiving end, the power delivered by the offshore wind farm cannot be absorbed, which will cause the overvoltage of the flexible transmission system, which will affect the safety of the equipment in severe cases.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an energy-consuming branch connected between a high-potential electrode and a low-potential electrode of a DC line, including N energy-consuming units connected in series, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; where:
  • the energy consuming unit includes an energy consuming module and a DC capacitor module, the energy consuming module includes a first power semiconductor device and an energy consuming resistor connected in series; the DC capacitor module and the energy consuming module are connected in parallel, and the DC capacitor
  • the module includes a DC capacitor and a current limiting resistor connected in series, and the current limiting resistor is also connected in parallel to the second power semiconductor device.
  • the energy-consuming branch further includes a first switch and a second switch, one end of the first switch is connected to the first energy-consuming unit connected in series, and the The other end is connected to the high-potential electrode of the DC line; one end of the second switch is connected to the last energy-consuming unit connected in series, and the other end of the second switch is connected to the low end of the DC line Potential electrode connection; both the first switch and the second switch include at least one of a switch composed of a mechanical switch and a power electronic device.
  • the energy consuming unit further includes a bypass switch connected in parallel with the energy consuming module, the bypass switch includes at least one of a mechanical switch and a solid state switch composed of a power semiconductor device Species.
  • the energy consuming unit further includes a voltage equalizing resistor, and the voltage equalizing resistor is connected in parallel with the energy consuming module.
  • the energy dissipation module further includes a diode that is connected in parallel to the energy dissipation resistor.
  • the first power semiconductor device includes a fully controlled power semiconductor device with an anti-parallel diode.
  • the second power semiconductor device includes at least one of a diode, a semi-controlled power semiconductor device, and a fully-controlled power semiconductor device.
  • the resistance of the energy dissipation resistor is less than 1000 ⁇ , and the resistance of the current limiting resistor is less than 200 ⁇ .
  • the resistance value of the voltage equalization resistor is 10000 ⁇ -100000 ⁇ .
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a control method for the energy-consuming branch as described above, including: closing the first switch and the second switch, putting in the energy-consuming branch; detecting the direct current of the DC line Voltage; based on the DC voltage of the DC line, calculate the amount and time of the energy-consuming unit input; turn on the first power semiconductor device in the energy-consuming unit that needs to be input, so that the current limiting resistor and the The energy dissipation resistor consumes electrical energy and reduces the DC voltage of the DC line; the first switch and the second switch are opened, and the energy dissipation branch is exited.
  • control method further includes: when the failure of the energy-consuming unit is detected, turning off the first power semiconductor device in the failure-consuming unit; closing the failure in the energy-consuming unit Bypass switch; discharge the DC capacitor in the faulty energy-consuming unit through the current-limiting resistor to remove the faulty energy-consuming unit.
  • the energy-consuming branch is connected between the high-potential electrode and the low-potential electrode of the DC line of the medium and high-voltage flexible DC transmission system, and the energy-consuming branch is divided into energy-consuming units, each The units all contain DC capacitors, which can withstand the line voltage together, play a better role in supporting the voltage, reduce the risk of the power semiconductor devices in the unit to withstand overvoltage, adopt a modular design method, and dissipate the energy dissipation resistance in each consumption
  • the second power semiconductor device is usually a diode, which allows forward current to flow to charge the DC capacitor, and at the same time bypass the current limiting resistor, which avoids the current limiting resistor flowing through the current to increase the loss, and at the same time avoids the direct current circuit Discharge, so that the discharge channel must pass the current limiting resistor, the structure and control of the energy-consuming branch is simple, the overall cost is very low, the number of power semiconductor devices is small,
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection between an energy-consuming branch circuit and a flexible DC transmission system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an energy-consuming unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-consuming unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are used for description purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features.
  • the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection between an energy-consuming branch circuit and a flexible DC transmission system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the flexible DC transmission system can be connected to large-scale, offshore wind farms. Due to the output structure of the converter stations at both ends and the DC cable, it can adapt to the large-scale frequency fluctuations of the wind farm and is not affected by the transmission distance. Limitation, and low transmission loss, is a solution for offshore wind power grid connection far away from the shore. In the event of failure of the AC power grid at the receiving end, the power delivered by the offshore wind farm cannot be absorbed, which will cause the overvoltage of the flexible transmission system, which will affect the safety of the equipment in severe cases. Therefore, this application provides an energy-consuming branch 1 to communicate at the receiving end. When the system fails, the wind power sent from the offshore wind farm can be consumed to ensure the safe and continuous operation of the flexible DC transmission system.
  • the first end of the energy dissipation branch 1 is connected to the high potential electrode (positive DC bus) of the DC line of the medium and high voltage flexible DC transmission system, and the second end of the energy dissipation branch 1 is connected to the low DC line of the flexible DC transmission system
  • the potential electrode (negative DC bus) is connected.
  • the illustrated DC line uses submarine cables.
  • the energy-consuming branch 1 includes N energy-consuming units 2 connected in series, a first switch 3, and a second switch 4, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • One end of the first switch 3 is connected to the first energy-consuming unit connected in series, and the other end of the first switch 3 is connected to the high-potential electrode of the DC line.
  • One end of the second switch 4 is connected to the last energy-consuming unit connected in series, and the other end of the second switch 4 is connected to the low-potential electrode of the DC line.
  • Both the first switch 3 and the second switch 4 include at least one of a switch composed of a mechanical switch and a power electronic device, and is not limited thereto.
  • the energy-consuming branch is connected between the high-potential electrode and the low-potential electrode of the DC line of the medium and high-voltage flexible DC transmission system.
  • the energy-consuming branch is split into individual energy-consuming units, which can withstand the line voltage together, play a better role in supporting the voltage, and reduce the risk of the power semiconductor devices in the unit being subjected to overvoltage.
  • the modular design method is used to The energy dissipation resistors are dispersed in each energy dissipation unit.
  • the energy dissipation branch structure and control are simple, the overall cost is very low, the number of power semiconductor devices is small, the cost performance is high, and it is suitable for engineering applications.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an energy-consuming unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the energy consuming unit 2 includes an energy consuming module and a DC capacitor module.
  • the energy consumption module includes a first power semiconductor device T 1 and an energy consumption resistor R 1 connected in series.
  • the DC capacitor module is connected in parallel with the energy consumption module.
  • the DC capacitor module includes a DC capacitor C 1 and a current limiting resistor R 2 connected in series, and the current limiting resistor R 2 is also connected in parallel to the second power semiconductor device D 3 .
  • a diode D 2 is also connected in parallel with the energy-consuming resistor R 1 in the energy-consuming module.
  • the resistance of the energy dissipation resistor R 1 is less than 1000 ⁇ .
  • the resistance of the current limiting resistor R 2 is less than 200 ⁇ .
  • a first power semiconductor device T 1 comprises a full-controlled power semiconductor device with anti-parallel diode.
  • the second power semiconductor device D 3 includes at least one of a diode, a semi-controlled power semiconductor device, and a fully-controlled power semiconductor device, which is not limited thereto.
  • the first power semiconductor device T 1 is a fully controlled power semiconductor device IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) with an anti-parallel diode D 1 , that is, an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
  • the second power semiconductor device D 3 is a diode.
  • the control method of the energy-consuming branch 1 is as follows.
  • the first energy consumption branch 1 can also be cut off and repaired through the first switch 3 and the second switch 4.
  • each energy-consuming unit includes a DC capacitor, which can jointly withstand the line voltage, which plays a better role in supporting the voltage and reduces the risk of the power semiconductor device in the unit being subjected to overvoltage.
  • Design method dissipating the energy dissipation resistance in each energy dissipation unit.
  • the second power semiconductor device is usually a diode, which allows forward current to flow to charge the DC capacitor. At the same time, the current limiting resistor is bypassed to avoid current limiting resistance flow.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-consuming unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the energy consuming unit 2 includes an energy consuming module and a DC capacitor module connected in parallel.
  • the energy consumption module includes a first power semiconductor device T 1 and an energy consumption resistor R 1 connected in series.
  • the DC capacitor module includes a DC capacitor C 1 connected in series and a current limiting resistor R 2.
  • the current limiting resistor R 2 is also connected in parallel to the second power semiconductor device D 3 .
  • a diode D 2 is also connected in parallel with the energy-consuming resistor R 1 in the energy-consuming module. Diode D 2 can clamp the voltage across R 1 of the dissipation resistor.
  • the resistance of the energy dissipation resistor R 1 is less than 1000 ⁇ .
  • the resistance of the current limiting resistor R 2 is less than 200 ⁇ .
  • the energy consuming unit is also connected in parallel with a voltage equalizing resistor R 3 .
  • the resistance of the voltage equalizing resistor R 3 is 10000-100000 ⁇ .
  • the voltage equalizing resistor R 3 has a voltage equalizing effect on the energy consuming unit. When the energy-consuming unit stops running, the voltage-equalizing resistor R 3 can slowly release the DC capacitor voltage C 1 .
  • a first power semiconductor device T 1 comprises a full-controlled power semiconductor device with anti-parallel diode.
  • the second power semiconductor device D 3 includes at least one of a diode, a semi-controlled power semiconductor device, and a fully-controlled power semiconductor device, which is not limited thereto.
  • the first power semiconductor device T 1 is a fully controlled power semiconductor device IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) with an anti-parallel diode D 1 , that is, an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
  • the second power semiconductor device D 3 is a diode.
  • the control method of the energy-consuming branch 1 is as follows.
  • the first energy consumption branch 1 can also be cut off and repaired through the first switch 3 and the second switch 4.
  • the energy consuming unit is further connected in parallel with a bypass switch K 1 , and the bypass switch K 1 includes at least one of a mechanical switch or a solid-state switch composed of a power semiconductor device, which is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, it is a bypass switch K 1 mechanical switch.
  • the bypass switch K 1 is used to remove the faulty energy-consuming unit when the energy-consuming unit fails.
  • the first power semiconductor device T 1 in the failed energy-consuming unit is turned off. Close the bypass switch K 1 in the faulty energy-consuming unit. The DC capacitor C 1 in the faulty energy consuming unit is discharged through the current limiting resistor R 2 to remove the faulty energy consuming unit.
  • the technical solution provided by this embodiment is equipped with a bypass switch for each energy-consuming unit.
  • the failure of a single unit will not affect the operation of the entire branch.
  • the bypass switch is closed, the discharge current is limited by the current limiting resistor , To avoid short-circuit discharge of DC capacitors, high reliability.

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  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供一种耗能支路及控制方法。所述耗能支路连接在直流线路的高电位电极与低电位电极之间，包括串联连接的N个耗能单元，N为大于等于2的整数；其中：所述耗能单元包括耗能模块与直流电容模块，所述耗能模块包括串联连接的第一功率半导体器件与耗能电阻；所述直流电容模块与所述耗能模块并联连接，所述直流电容模块包括串联连接的直流电容与限流电阻，所述限流电阻还并联连接第二功率半导体器件。

Description

一种耗能支路及控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电力系统中电力电子技术领域，具体涉及一种耗能支路及控制方法。
背景技术
我国海上风能资源丰富，与陆上风电场相比，其优点是不占用土地资源，基本不受地形地貌影响，风速更高，风电机组单机容量更大，年利用小时数更高。随着我国海上风电规划建设的实施，将迎来海上风电的迅速发展，为保证电网的安全稳定运行，实现可再生能源与电网的协调、可持续发展，需要进行海上风电送出系统研究。
柔性直流输电系统可以连接大规模、离岸远的海上风电场，由于两端换流站和直流电缆的输出结构，可以适应风电场大范围频率波动，不受传输距离的限制，且传输损耗较低，是离岸较远的海上风电并网的解决方案。在受端交流电网故障时，海上风电场的送出电能无法消纳，将造成柔性输电系统过压，严重时会影响设备的安全。
发明内容
本申请一实施例提供了一种耗能支路，连接在直流线路的高电位电极与低电位电极之间，包括串联连接的N个耗能单元，N为大于等于2的整数；其中：所述耗能单元包括耗能模块与直流电容模块，所述耗能模块包括串联连接的第一功率半导体器件与耗能电阻；所述直流电容模块与所述耗能模块并联连接，所述直流电容模块包括串联连接的直流电容与限流电阻，所述限流电阻还并联连接第二功率半导体器件。
根据一些实施例,所述耗能支路还包括第一开关、第二开关，所述第一开关的一端与所述串联连接的第一个所述耗能单元连接，所述第一开 关的另一端与所述直流线路的高电位电极连接；所述第二开关的一端与所述串联连接的最后一个所述耗能单元连接，所述第二开关的另一端与所述直流线路的低电位电极连接；所述第一开关、所述第二开关均包括机械开关、电力电子器件构成的开关的至少一种。
根据一些实施例,所述耗能单元还包括旁路开关，所述旁路开关与所述耗能模块并联连接，所述旁路开关包括机械开关、由功率半导体器件构成的固态开关的至少一种。
根据一些实施例,所述耗能单元还包括均压电阻，所述均压电阻与所述耗能模块并联连接。
根据一些实施例,所述耗能模块还包括二极管，所述二极管并联连接所述耗能电阻。
根据一些实施例,所述第一功率半导体器件包括带有反并联二极管的全控型功率半导体器件。
根据一些实施例,所述第二功率半导体器件包括二极管、半控型功率半导体器件、全控型功率半导体器件的至少一种。
根据一些实施例,所述耗能电阻阻值小于1000Ω，所述限流电阻阻值小于200Ω。
根据一些实施例,所述均压电阻阻值为10000Ω-100000Ω。
本申请实施例还提供一种如上述所述耗能支路的控制方法，包括：闭合所述第一开关、所述第二开关，投入所述耗能支路；检测所述直流线路的直流电压；根据所述直流线路的直流电压，计算所述耗能单元投入的数量与时间；导通所述需要投入的耗能单元中的第一功率半导体器件，使所述限流电阻和所述耗能电阻消耗电能，降低所述直流线路的直流电压；断开所述第一开关、第二开关，退出所述耗能支路。
根据一些实施例,所述控制方法还包括：检测到所述耗能单元故障时，关断发生故障的所述耗能单元中的第一功率半导体器件；闭合发生故障的所述耗能单元中的旁路开关；将发生故障的所述耗能单元中的直 流电容通过限流电阻放电，以切除故障的所述耗能单元。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，耗能支路连接在中、高压柔性直流输电系统的直流线路高电位电极、低电位电极之间，将耗能支路拆分成各个耗能单元，每个单元均包含直流电容，可共同承受线路电压，对电压起到较好的支撑作用，降低了单元中功率半导体器件承受过电压的风险，采用模块化的设计方式，将耗能电阻分散在各个耗能单元中，第二功率半导体器件通常为二极管，允许正向电流流过，为直流电容充电，同时将限流电阻旁路，避免了限流电阻流过电流增加损耗，同时避免了直流电路直接放电，使得放电通道必须通过限流电阻，耗能支路结构与控制简单，总体成本很低，功率半导体器件数量很少，性价比高，适合工程应用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例提供的一种耗能支路与柔性直流输电系统连接的示意图。
图2是本申请一实施例提供的一种耗能单元构成示意图。
图3是本申请另一实施例提供的一种耗能单元构成示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，以下将结合附图和实施例，对本申请技术方案的具体实施方式进行更加详细、清楚的说明。然而，以下描述的具体实施方式和实施例仅是说明的目的，而不是对本申请的限制。其只是包含了本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，本领域技 术人员对于本申请的各种变化获得的其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语"第一"、"第二"仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有"第一"、"第二"的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。
图1是本申请一实施例提供的一种耗能支路与柔性直流输电系统连接的示意图。
如图1所示，柔性直流输电系统可以连接大规模、离岸远的海上风电场，由于两端换流站和直流电缆的输出结构，可以适应风电场大范围频率波动，不受传输距离的限制，且传输损耗较低，是离岸较远的海上风电并网的解决方案。在受端交流电网故障时，海上风电场的送出电能无法消纳，将造成柔性输电系统过压，严重时会影响设备的安全，因此本申请提供一种耗能支路1，在受端交流系统故障时可以消耗海上风电场的送出风电，保证柔性直流输电系统安全持续运行。
耗能支路1的第一端与中、高压柔性直流输电系统的直流线路的高电位电极(正极直流母线)相连，耗能支路1的第二端与柔性直流输电系统的直流线路的低电位电极(负极直流母线)相连。图示的直流线路采用海底电缆。
耗能支路1包括N个串联连接的耗能单元2、第一开关3、第二开关4，N为大于等于2的整数。第一开关3的一端与串联连接的第一个耗能单元连接，第一开关3的另一端与直流线路的高电位电极连接。第二开关4的一端与串联连接的最后一个耗能单元连接，第二开关4的另一端与直流线路的低电位电极连接。第一开关3、第二开关4均包括机械开关、电力电子器件构成的开关的至少一种，并不以此为限。
本实施例提供的技术方案，耗能支路连接在中、高压柔性直流输电系统的直流线路的高电位电极、低电位电极之间，在受端交流电网故障时，消耗电能，保证柔性直流输电系统安全持续运行。将耗能支路拆分 成各个耗能单元，可共同承受线路电压，对电压起到较好的支撑作用，降低了单元中功率半导体器件承受过电压的风险，采用模块化的设计方式，将耗能电阻分散在各个耗能单元中，耗能支路结构与控制简单，总体成本很低，功率半导体器件数量很少，性价比高，适合工程应用。
图2是本申请一实施例提供的一种耗能单元构成示意图。
如图2所示，耗能单元2包括耗能模块、直流电容模块。耗能模块包括串联连接的第一功率半导体器件T 1与耗能电阻R 1。直流电容模块与耗能模块并联连接，直流电容模块包括串联连接的直流电容C 1与限流电阻R 2，限流电阻R 2还并联连接第二功率半导体器件D 3。耗能模块中的耗能电阻R 1还并联一个二极管D 2。耗能电阻R 1的阻值小于1000Ω。限流电阻R 2的阻值小于200Ω。
第一功率半导体器件T 1包括带有反并联二极管的全控型功率半导体器件。第二功率半导体器件D 3包括二极管、半控型功率半导体器件、全控型功率半导体器件的至少一种，并不以此为限。
在本实施例中，第一功率半导体器件T 1为带有反并联二极管D 1的全控型功率半导体器件IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)，即绝缘栅双极型晶体管。第二功率半导体器件D 3为二极管。
当直流线路过压时，需要耗能支路正常工作，耗能支路1的控制方法如下。
闭合第一开关3、第二开关4，投入耗能支路1。检测柔性直流输电系统的直流线路的直流电压。根据直流线路的直流电压，计算耗能单元2投入的数量与时间。导通需要投入的耗能单元中的第一功率半导体器件T 1，使限流电阻R 2和耗能电阻R 1消耗电能，降低直流线路的直流电压。断开第一开关3、第二开关4，退出耗能支路2。
在耗能单元2发生故障时，也可以通过第一开关3、第二开关4，切除并维修整个耗能支路1。
本实施例提供的技术方案，各个耗能单元均包含直流电容，可共同承受线路电压，对电压起到较好的支撑作用，降低了单元中功率半导体器件承受过电压的风险，采用模块化的设计方式，将耗能电阻分散在各个耗能单元中，第二功率半导体器件通常为二极管，允许正向电流流过，为直流电容充电，同时将限流电阻旁路，避免了限流电阻流过电流增加损耗，同时避免了直流电路直接放电，使得放电通道必须通过限流电阻，耗能支路结构与控制简单，总体成本很低，功率半导体器件数量很少，性价比高，适合工程应用。
图3是本申请另一实施例提供的一种耗能单元构成示意图。
如图3所示，耗能单元2包括并联连接的耗能模块、直流电容模块。耗能模块包括串联连接的第一功率半导体器件T 1与耗能电阻R 1。直流电容模块包括串联连接的直流电容C 1与限流电阻R 2，限流电阻R 2还并联连接第二功率半导体器件D 3。耗能模块中的耗能电阻R 1还并联一个二极管D 2。二极管D 2能够钳位耗能电阻两端R 1的电压。耗能电阻R 1的阻值小于1000Ω。限流电阻R 2的阻值小于200Ω。耗能单元还并联一个均压电阻R 3。均压电阻R 3的阻值为10000-100000Ω。均压电阻R 3对于耗能单元有均压作用。当耗能单元停止运行时，均压电阻R 3可以把直流电容电压C 1缓慢释放掉。
第一功率半导体器件T 1包括带有反并联二极管的全控型功率半导体器件。第二功率半导体器件D 3包括二极管、半控型功率半导体器件、全控型功率半导体器件的至少一种，并不以此为限。
在本实施例中，第一功率半导体器件T 1为带有反并联二极管D 1的全控型功率半导体器件IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)，即绝缘栅双极型晶体管。第二功率半导体器件D 3为二极管。
当直流线路过压时，需要耗能支路正常工作，耗能支路1的控制方法如下。
闭合第一开关3、第二开关4，投入耗能支路1。检测柔性直流输电系统的直流线路的直流电压。根据直流线路的直流电压，计算耗能单元 2投入的数量与时间。导通需要投入的耗能单元中的第一功率半导体器件T 1，使限流电阻R 2和耗能电阻R 1消耗电能，降低直流线路的直流电压。断开第一开关3、第二开关4，退出耗能支路2。
在耗能单元2发生故障时，也可以通过第一开关3、第二开关4，切除并维修整个耗能支路1。
可选地，耗能单元还并联一个旁路开关K 1，旁路开关K 1包括机械开关或由功率半导体器件构成的固态开关的至少一种，并不以此为限。在本实施例中为旁路开关K 1机械开关。旁路开关K 1用于在耗能单元故障时切除故障耗能单元。
检测到耗能单元故障时，关断发生故障的耗能单元中的第一功率半导体器件T 1。闭合发生故障的耗能单元中的旁路开关K 1。将发生故障的耗能单元中的直流电容C 1通过限流电阻R 2放电，以切除故障的耗能单元。
本实施例提供的技术方案，作为一种改进，每个耗能单元均配置旁路开关，单个单元故障不会影响整个支路的运行，在旁路开关闭合时，通过限流电阻限制放电电流，避免了直流电容短路放电，可靠性高。
需要说明的是，以上参照附图所描述的各个实施例仅用以说明本申请而非限制本申请的范围，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的前提下对本申请进行的修改或者等同替换，均应涵盖在本申请的范围之内。此外，除上下文另有所指外，以单数形式出现的词包括复数形式，反之亦然。另外，除非特别说明，那么任何实施例的全部或一部分可结合任何其它实施例的全部或一部分来使用。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种耗能支路，连接在直流线路的高电位电极与低电位电极之间，包括：
    串联连接的N个耗能单元，N为大于等于2的整数；其中：所述耗能单元包括：
    耗能模块，所述耗能模块包括串联连接的第一功率半导体器件与耗能电阻；
    直流电容模块，与所述耗能模块并联连接，包括串联连接的直流电容与限流电阻，所述限流电阻还并联连接第二功率半导体器件。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的耗能支路，还包括：
    第一开关，一端与所述串联连接的第一个所述耗能单元连接，另一端与所述直流线路的高电位电极连接；
    第二开关，一端与所述串联连接的最后一个所述耗能单元连接，另一端与所述直流线路的低电位电极连接；
    所述第一开关、所述第二开关均包括机械开关、电力电子器件构成的开关的至少一种。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的耗能支路，其中，所述耗能单元还包括：
    旁路开关，与所述耗能模块并联连接，所述旁路开关包括机械开关、由功率半导体器件构成的固态开关的至少一种。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的耗能支路，其中，所述耗能单元还包括：
    均压电阻，与所述耗能模块并联连接。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的耗能支路，其中，所述耗能模块还包括：
    二极管，并联连接所述耗能电阻。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的耗能支路，其中，所述第一功率半导体器件包括带有反并联二极管的全控型功率半导体器件。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的耗能支路，其中，所述第二功率半导体器件包括二极管、半控型功率半导体器件、全控型功率半导体器件的至少一种。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的耗能支路，其中，所述耗能电阻阻值小于1000Ω，所述限流电阻阻值小于200Ω。
  9. 如权利要求4所述的耗能支路，其中，所述均压电阻阻值为10000Ω-100000Ω。
  10. 一种如权利要求2-9所述耗能支路的控制方法，包括：
    闭合所述第一开关、所述第二开关，投入所述耗能支路；
    检测所述直流线路的直流电压；
    根据所述直流线路的直流电压，计算所述耗能单元投入的数量与时间；
    导通所述需要投入的耗能单元中的第一功率半导体器件，使所述限流电阻和所述耗能电阻消耗电能，降低所述直流线路的直流电压；
    断开所述第一开关、第二开关，退出所述耗能支路。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的控制方法，还包括：
    检测到所述耗能单元故障时，关断发生故障的所述耗能单元中的第一功率半导体器件；
    闭合发生故障的所述耗能单元中的旁路开关；
    将发生故障的所述耗能单元中的直流电容通过限流电阻放电，以切除故障的所述耗能单元。
PCT/CN2019/115876 2018-11-07 2019-11-06 一种耗能支路及控制方法 Ceased WO2020094032A1 (zh)

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