WO2020093754A1 - 一种中微量营养元素螯合载体及其用途 - Google Patents

一种中微量营养元素螯合载体及其用途 Download PDF

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WO2020093754A1
WO2020093754A1 PCT/CN2019/101795 CN2019101795W WO2020093754A1 WO 2020093754 A1 WO2020093754 A1 WO 2020093754A1 CN 2019101795 W CN2019101795 W CN 2019101795W WO 2020093754 A1 WO2020093754 A1 WO 2020093754A1
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weight
parts
water
chelating carrier
soluble
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PCT/CN2019/101795
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁亮
赵秉强
王薇
李燕婷
林治安
张水勤
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中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所
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Priority to CA3118770A priority Critical patent/CA3118770C/en
Publication of WO2020093754A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093754A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/45—Form not covered by groups C05G5/10 - C05G5/18, C05G5/20 - C05G5/27, C05G5/30 - C05G5/38 or C05G5/40, e.g. soluble or permeable packaging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
    • C05C5/04—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production. More specifically, the present invention relates to a medium and micronutrient chelating carrier, and also to the use of the medium and micronutrient chelating carrier.
  • the soil area of the medium nutrient element calcium content below the deficiency threshold accounted for 64%, and the magnesium area below the deficiency threshold accounted for 53% %
  • the soil area with sulfur content below the critical value of deficiency accounts for 40%; the soil area with trace element boron content below the critical value of deficiency accounts for 84%, the soil area with iron content below the critical value of deficiency accounts for 31%, and zinc 42% of the soil area is below the critical value of deficiency, 48% of the soil area is below the critical value of manganese, 25% of the area is below the critical value of copper, and the Mo content is critical
  • the soil area below the value accounts for 59%.
  • CN106748096A discloses an alkaline fertilizer prepared from raw materials such as middle-weight elements, pine pollen, polyglutamic acid solution, sulfuric acid, ammonium chloride, red potassium, silicon calcium potassium fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate, etc.
  • Silicon element alkaline fertilizer for improving soil acidification and its preparation method consisting of potassium silicate, potassium humate, urea, ammonium molybdate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylaminoethanol caproate, sodium nitrophenolate, phosphate rock Powder, calcium chloride, natural potassium sulfate magnesium fertilizer, decomposed compost raw materials are prepared, it has the effect of improving acid soil.
  • CN1279002C discloses the production process of organic chelated trace element fertilizer, extracts humus from lignite, obtains the required liquid through precipitation, then adds organic chelating agent citric acid or its salts and trace elements, and then adjusts to Sex, drying to get its product.
  • CN106146163A discloses a method for producing medium-element chelated by sugar alcohol. The medium-element, sugar alcohol and solvent are added to a reaction kettle, and a chelation reaction is carried out at a certain temperature to obtain a medium-element nutrient element chelated by sugar alcohol.
  • CN105948955A discloses a method for producing a sugar alcohol chelated trace element fertilizer.
  • the sugar alcohol chelated trace element is first prepared, and then the sugar alcohol chelated trace element is added to the fertilizer to obtain a sugar alcohol chelated trace element fertilizer.
  • the sugar alcohol chelated trace element is added to the fertilizer to obtain a sugar alcohol chelated trace element fertilizer.
  • medium and trace element fertilizer chelating carriers there are no patent applications and literature reports on medium and trace element fertilizer chelating carriers in the prior art.
  • the present inventor has finally completed the present invention through a large number of experimental research and analysis work against the technical problems existing in the existing technology.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a medium and micronutrient chelating carrier.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the medium and micronutrient chelating carrier.
  • the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
  • the invention relates to a medium and micronutrient chelating carrier.
  • the chelating carrier is composed of 100 parts by weight of alcohol amine, 2 to 10 parts by weight of choline, 1 to 5 parts by weight of polyamine, 20 to 60 parts by weight of amino acid and 1000 parts by weight of solvent, wherein the solvent is composed of 10 to It is composed of 100 parts by weight of ethylene glycol or glycerin, 2 to 10 parts by weight of phenol and 1000 parts by weight of water.
  • the alcohol amine is one or more alcohol amines selected from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or N-methyldiethanolamine.
  • the choline is one or more cholines selected from choline, acetylcholine or choline chloride.
  • the polyamine is one or more polyamines selected from putrescine, spermidine or spermine.
  • the amino acid is one or more amino acids selected from lysine, arginine, methionine or ornithine.
  • the weight ratio of ethylene glycol or glycerin, phenol to water is 10 to 75: 2 to 8: 1000; and / or the weight ratio of alcohol amine, choline, polyamine to amino acid It is 100: 2 ⁇ 8: 1 ⁇ 4: 20 ⁇ 50.
  • the weight ratio of ethylene glycol or glycerin, phenol and water is 20-75: 3-8: 1000; and / or the weight ratio of alcohol amine, choline, polyamine and amino acid It is 100: 3 ⁇ 8: 2 ⁇ 4: 30 ⁇ 50.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the chelating carrier in the preparation of micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer.
  • the preparation steps of the medium and micronutrient alkaline liquid fertilizer are as follows:
  • step A Dissolve 100 parts by weight of alcohol amine, 2 to 10 parts by weight of choline and 1 to 5 parts by weight of polyamine in 1000 parts by weight of the solvent obtained in step A, mix uniformly, heat to a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C, and then add 60 parts by weight of amino acid, stir to dissolve, cool, then use potassium pyrophosphate aqueous solution to adjust its pH value to above 8.0 to obtain an alkaline chelating carrier;
  • step B Mix the water-soluble micronutrient elements calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper and / or iron salt with the chelating carrier obtained in step B according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 to 100 and dissolve it, thus obtaining the medium micronutrient Elemental alkaline liquid fertilizer.
  • the concentration of the potassium pyrophosphate aqueous solution is 1 to 5 mol / L.
  • the water-soluble calcium salt is calcium nitrate or calcium chloride;
  • the water-soluble magnesium salt is magnesium nitrate or magnesium chloride;
  • the water-soluble zinc salt is zinc sulfate or Zinc chloride;
  • the water-soluble manganese salt is manganese sulfate or manganese chloride;
  • the water-soluble copper salt is copper sulfate or copper chloride;
  • the water-soluble iron salt is ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate .
  • the invention relates to a medium and micronutrient chelating carrier.
  • chelating carrier medium and micronutrient chelating carrier, and they both have the same meaning.
  • the chelating carrier is composed of 100 parts by weight of alcohol amine, 2 to 10 parts by weight of choline, 1 to 5 parts by weight of polyamine, 20 to 60 parts by weight of amino acid and 1000 parts by weight of solvent, wherein the solvent is composed of 10 to It is composed of 100 parts by weight of ethylene glycol or glycerin, 2 to 10 parts by weight of phenol and 1000 parts by weight of water.
  • the main function of the alcohol amine in the chelating carrier is that it can chelate with meso-micronutrient elements to form meso-micronutrient element chelate soluble under alkaline conditions.
  • the alcoholamine used in the present invention is one or more alcoholamines selected from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or N-methyldiethanolamine.
  • the alcohol amines mentioned are all products currently on the market, such as those sold by Shanghai Minchen Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade name monoethanolamine (MEA), and Zouping Guoan Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade name N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) products sold.
  • MEA monoethanolamine
  • MDEA N-methyldiethanolamine
  • the main role of the choline in the chelating carrier is that it can increase the alkalinity of medium and micronutrient alkaline liquid fertilizers and enhance them in such medium and micronutrient alkaline liquid fertilizers
  • the stability it also has biological activity, can promote the synthesis and transportation of crop photosynthetic products.
  • the choline used in the present invention is one or more cholines selected from choline, acetylcholine or choline chloride.
  • the choline mentioned are all products currently on the market. Products sold by Wuxi Shengshi Hongcheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd. under the trade name of choline chloride.
  • the choline content of the chelating carrier of the present invention when the content of other components is within the range, if the choline content is less than 2 parts by weight, it enhances the stability effect of medium and micronutrients in this alkaline liquid fertilizer Not obvious; if the choline content is higher than 10 parts by weight, it will increase the production cost of the chelating carrier. Therefore, it is reasonable that the content of the choline is 2-10 parts by weight, preferably 3-8 parts by weight.
  • the main function of the polyamine in the chelating carrier is that it can promote crop growth, improve seed vigor and germination; stimulate adventitious root production, promote root absorption of inorganic ions; inhibit protease and RNA Increased enzyme activity delays leaf senescence and delays chlorophyll decomposition; regulates growth and morphogenesis associated with photosensitizers, regulates the flowering process; improves stress resistance and resistance to osmotic stress.
  • the polyamine used in the present invention is one or more polyamines selected from putrescine, spermidine or spermine.
  • the polyamines mentioned are all products currently on the market, such as the product sold under the trade name putrescine by Shanghai Yihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the product sold under the trade name spermidine by Hubei Wonder Chemical Co., Ltd. Products sold by Qingdao Jieshikang Biological Technology Co., Ltd. under the trade name spermine.
  • the content of other components when the content of other components is within the range, if the polyamine content is less than 1 part by weight, it will promote crop growth, improve seed vigor and germination and other technical effects are not obvious; if If the polyamine content is higher than 5 parts by weight, it will increase the production cost of the chelating carrier. Therefore, it is appropriate that the content of the polyamine is 1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 4 parts by weight.
  • the main function of the amino acid in the chelating carrier is that it reacts with an organic base to form an organic chelate to dissolve medium and trace elements, participate in the synthesis of polyamines in plants, and improve medium and trace nutrients Stability of micronutrients in alkaline liquid fertilizers.
  • the amino acid used in the present invention is one or more amino acids selected from lysine, arginine, methionine or ornithine.
  • the mentioned amino acids are all products currently on the market, such as the product sold under the trade name lysine by Xijie (Shenyang) Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and the trade name L-arginine by Shandong Dongrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Products, sold by Jiangsu Xinheyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. under the trade name L-methionine, and sold by Jiangsu Caiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. under the trade name ornithine.
  • the content of the amino acid is suitably 20 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 50 parts by weight, and more preferably 36 to 42 parts by weight.
  • the weight ratio of alcohol amine, choline, polyamine to amino acid is 100: 2-8: 1-4: 20-50 or 100: 3-8: 2-4: 30-50.
  • the solvent is composed of 10 to 100 parts by weight of ethylene glycol or glycerin, 2 to 10 parts by weight of phenol and 1000 parts by weight of water.
  • ethylene glycol or glycerol are polyhydric alcohols, which can promote the dissolution of organic bases and enhance the stability and fluidity of medium and micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizers. If the content of ethylene glycol or glycerol is less than 10 parts by weight, the medium-nutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer is poor in stability; if the content of ethylene glycol or glycerin exceeds 100 parts by weight, it will make the medium-micronutrient element alkaline Liquid fertilizer has high viscosity, which affects the dissolution of organic alkali and micronutrients.
  • phenol can promote the dissolution of organic alkali, on the other hand, it can further enhance the stability of medium and micronutrients in alkaline liquid fertilizers. If the phenol content is less than 2 parts by weight, the effect of enhancing the stability of the medium and micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer is not obvious; if the phenol content exceeds 10 parts by weight, the production cost increases.
  • the weight ratio of ethylene glycol or glycerin, phenol and water is 10 to 75: 2 to 8: 1000 or 20 to 75: 3 to 8: 1000.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the chelating carrier in the preparation of micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer.
  • the preparation steps of the medium and micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer are as follows:
  • the concentration of the aqueous potassium pyrophosphate solution is 1 to 5 mol / L.
  • step B Mix the water-soluble micronutrient elements calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper and / or iron salt with the chelating carrier obtained in step B according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 to 100 and dissolve it, thus obtaining the medium micronutrient Elemental alkaline liquid fertilizer.
  • the water-soluble calcium salt is calcium nitrate or calcium chloride;
  • the water-soluble magnesium salt is magnesium nitrate or magnesium chloride;
  • the water-soluble zinc salt is zinc sulfate or zinc chloride;
  • the water-soluble manganese salt is manganese sulfate or manganese chloride;
  • the water-soluble copper salt is copper sulfate or copper chloride;
  • the water-soluble iron salt is ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate.
  • the chelating carrier of the present invention can be used for the production of alkaline liquid fertilizers with micronutrients.
  • the chelating carrier of the present invention is alkaline, and can be used to adjust the pH of the soil when used in acid soil.
  • the chelating carrier of the present invention chelate calcium and magnesium alkaline liquid fertilizers for high-hardness water irrigation or foliar spray, will not produce precipitation.
  • the foliar application of the micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer in the present invention promotes the absorption of medium and trace elements, promotes the enrichment of carbon dioxide on the foliage of crops, and enhances photosynthesis.
  • the medium and trace elements are absorbed into the body by the crop, stimulating the growth of the crop root system, improving root vitality, and promoting nutrient absorption
  • the micronutrient chelating carrier of the present invention can be used for the production of alkaline liquid fertilizers for medium micronutrients, so that the medium microelements can exist in dissolved form without precipitation even under alkaline conditions, thereby achieving more High utilization rate.
  • the micronutrient chelating carrier in the present invention is alkaline, which can adjust the pH value of the soil when applied in acid soil.
  • micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer in the present invention will not cause precipitation when it is used for irrigation or foliar spraying with high-hardness water.
  • micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer of the present invention When the micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer of the present invention is sprayed on the foliage, it can promote the absorption of medium and trace elements, promote the enrichment of carbon dioxide on the crop leaves, and enhance photosynthesis.
  • the fresh weight, Vc content, soluble sugar content and zinc utilization rate of pakchoi treated with micronutrient alkaline liquid fertilizer in the present invention increased by an average of 38.6%, 85.7%, and 196 respectively during foliar spraying %, 64.6%.
  • the medium and trace elements are absorbed into the body by the crop, stimulating the growth of the root system of the crop, improving the vitality of the root system, and promoting nutrient absorption.
  • the fresh weight, Vc content, soluble sugar content and zinc utilization rate of Chinese cabbage treated with micronutrient alkaline liquid fertilizer in the present invention were increased by 43.0%, 12.4% and 40.8 on average %, 45.8%.
  • the fresh weight and vitality of wheat roots treated with the micronutrient alkaline liquid fertilizer in the present invention were increased by an average of 58.2% and 43.5%, respectively.
  • the amino acid was stirred and dissolved, cooled, and adjusted to pH 9 using a 4 mol / L potassium pyrophosphate aqueous solution to obtain the chelating carrier.
  • the amino acid was stirred and dissolved, cooled, and the pH was adjusted to 9 using a 1 mol / L potassium pyrophosphate aqueous solution to obtain the chelating carrier.
  • Example 7 Using a chelating carrier to prepare a medium amount of nutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer
  • Example 1 the chelating carrier prepared in Example 1 was used.
  • Example 8 Preparation of alkaline micronutrient element liquid fertilizer using chelating carrier
  • Example 2 the chelating carrier prepared in Example 2 was used.
  • Example 9 Preparation of medium-nutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer using chelating carrier
  • Example 3 Mix water-soluble calcium nitrate, water-soluble magnesium chloride, water-soluble zinc chloride, water-soluble manganese sulfate, and water-soluble copper sulfate according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 0.2: 0.1: 0.05, and then chelate with the preparation prepared in Example 3
  • the carrier is compounded according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 and dissolved in water, so that the medium and micronutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer is obtained.
  • Example 10 Preparation of medium-nutrient alkaline liquid fertilizer using chelating carrier
  • This example uses the chelating carrier prepared in Example 4.
  • Example 2 Mix water-soluble calcium chloride, water-soluble magnesium nitrate, water-soluble zinc sulfate, water-soluble manganese chloride, and water-soluble copper sulfate according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5: 0.2: 0.1: 0.1, and then prepare it with Example
  • the medium- and micro-nutrient chelating carrier is compounded according to the weight ratio of 1:20 and dissolved in water, so that the medium- and micro-nutrient element alkaline liquid fertilizer is obtained.
  • Example 11 Preparation of a medium liquid nutrient alkaline fertilizer using a chelating carrier
  • Example 5 the chelating carrier prepared in Example 5 was used.
  • Example 12 Preparation of micronutrient alkaline liquid fertilizer using chelating carrier
  • Example 6 the chelating carrier prepared in Example 6 was used.
  • Test Example 1 The effect of the micronutrient chelating carrier in the present invention on the growth and vitality of crop roots
  • Example 4 Using the chelating carriers prepared in Example 1, Example 2 and Example 4, the conventional sand culture test method was used to study the effect of the chelating carrier of the present invention on the growth and vigor of wheat roots.
  • chelating carriers were added to the Hoagland nutrient solution at 0.2 g / L, and these samples were recorded as A, B, and C, respectively, and the Hoagland nutrient solution without the chelating carrier was used as a control CK.
  • the distance between the surface of the quartz sand and the bowl edge is 2 ⁇ 3cm.
  • the treated crops were planted in culture bowls, and the experiment was repeated 6 times. Irrigate the nutrient solution every 4 days, 100mL each time, to maintain a certain humidity and nutrient concentration.
  • Table 1 The effect of the chelating carrier of the present invention on the growth and vigor of wheat roots
  • the absorption capacity of the crop root system is an important factor that determines the fertilizer utilization rate. From the results listed in Table 1, it can be seen that the fresh weight and vitality of wheat roots treated with samples A, B, and C added to the chelating carrier were increased by an average of 58.2% and 43.5%, respectively, compared with the control.
  • Test Example 2 Effect of the micronutrient element zinc alkaline liquid fertilizer of the present invention on the growth of Chinese cabbage and zinc utilization
  • Zinc sulfate heptahydrate was separately compounded with the chelating carriers prepared in Example 1, Example 2 and Example 4 according to the weight ratio of 1:50 to obtain the micronutrient element zinc alkaline liquid fertilizer of the present invention, and these samples were recorded as A 1 , B 1 , and C 1 ; the micronutrient zinc liquid fertilizer prepared with zinc sulfate heptahydrate and water at a weight ratio of 1:50 is used as a control, and is referred to as CK.
  • the base fertilizer is composed of 1.66g urea (N 46.2%), 1.11g diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) and 1.11g potassium sulfate (K 2 O 50%). Sow 10 Chinese cabbage seeds in each pot, and set seedlings when the seedlings have three leaves. Leave three plants in each pot, and repeat 6 treatments per treatment.
  • Test fertilizer application methods foliar spraying and irrigation with water. The seedlings were sprayed at the time of four leaves, each sprayed with 20 mL / pot, and treated every 7 days, for a total of 5 treatments, and the last leaf sprayed 5 days after the whole pot was harvested. The amount and management of irrigation and spraying are the same.
  • Utilization rate of zinc (zinc content above ground ⁇ fresh weight above ground) / application amount of zinc ⁇ 100%].
  • Table 2 Effects of spraying different zinc fertilizer treatments on the growth, quality and zinc utilization of Chinese cabbage
  • the medium and trace element alkaline liquid fertilizer prepared by the invention can significantly improve the crop root vitality and the weight of the aerial part, the utilization rate of trace elements is significantly improved, and has the effect of improving quality.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种中微量营养元素螯合载体及其用途。所述的中微量营养元素螯合载体由醇胺、胆碱、多胺、氨基酸与溶剂组成。本发明螯合载体处理的小麦根系鲜重和活力分别比对照平均提高58.2％和43.5％。本发明制备的微量元素锌碱性液体肥料可显著提高小白菜地上部重量和微量元素利用率，并具有提升品质的效果。

Description

一种中微量营养元素螯合载体及其用途 【技术领域】
本发明属于肥料生产技术领域。更具体地，本发明涉及一种中微量营养元素螯合载体，还涉及所述中微量营养元素螯合载体的用途。
【背景技术】
近30年来，随着氮磷钾肥料大量施用和作物产量水平的提高，特别是由种植业结构调整带来的果树、蔬菜等经济作物的快速发展，作物微量元素营养失调的现象日益加重，已经成为农作物产量和品质进一步提高的限制因子，在现有耕地土壤中，中量营养元素钙含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占64％，镁含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占53％、硫含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占40％；微量元素硼含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占84％、铁含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占31％、锌含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占42％、锰含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占48％、铜含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占25％、钼含量在缺素临界值以下的土壤面积占59％。与第二次土壤普查相比，缺素面积增加近一倍。不合理施肥导致我国耕地土壤pH平均降低了0.85个单位，酸化面积占耕地总面积的21.6％，碱性肥料，特别是水溶性好的中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料成为我国新时期保障粮食安全和农产品品质的重大需求。
常规的钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰等中微量营养元素肥料只有在酸性条件下才具有良好的水溶性，在碱性条件下会沉淀，肥效性差，使用不方便。因此，现有提高中微量营养元素水溶性的方法是利用EDTA、有机酸、糖醇、氨基酸等材料进行螯合，提高其有效性。但在酸性土壤上施用会进一步酸化土壤，遇到碱性硬水会产生沉淀，有效性变差，同时堵塞滴灌管道，影响正常农业生产。
CN106748096A公开了一种碱性肥料，由中量元素、松花粉、聚谷氨酸酸溶液、硫酸、氯化铵、红钾、硅钙钾肥、磷酸一铵等原料制备得到；CN104876769B公开了一种改良土壤酸化的硅元素碱性肥料及其制备方法， 由硅酸钾、腐植酸钾、尿素、钼酸铵、乙二胺四乙酸、己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯、复硝酚钠、磷矿粉、氯化钙、天然硫酸钾镁肥、腐熟堆肥原料制备得到，它具有改良酸性土壤的效果。CN1279002C公开了有机螯合微量元素肥料的生产工艺，从褐煤中提取腐植质，经过沉淀得到所需的液体，然后加入有机螯合剂柠檬酸或其盐类和微量元素，再用酸碱调成中性，干燥得到其产品。CN106146163A公开了一种糖醇螯合中量元素的生产方法，将中量元素、糖醇和溶剂加入到反应釜中，在一定温度下进行螯合反应，得到糖醇螯合的中量营养元素。CN105948955A公开了一种含糖醇螯合微量元素肥料的生产方法，首先制备糖醇螯合微量元素，然后将糖醇螯合微量元素加入到肥料中，得到含糖醇螯合微量元素肥料。但是，现有技术中未见有关中微量元素肥料螯合载体专利申请以及文献报道。
因此，本发明人在总结现有技术的基础之上，针对现有技术存在的技术问题，通过大量实验研究与分析工作，终于完成了本发明。
【发明内容】
[要解决的技术问题]
本发明的目的是提供一种中微量营养元素螯合载体。
本发明的另一个目的是提供所述中微量营养元素螯合载体的用途。
[技术方案]
本发明是通过下述技术方案实现的。
本发明涉及一种中微量营养元素螯合载体。
所述的螯合载体由100重量份醇胺、2～10重量份胆碱、1～5重量份多胺、20～60重量份氨基酸与1000重量份溶剂组成，其中所述的溶剂由10～100重量份乙二醇或甘油、2～10重量份苯酚与1000重量份水组成。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式，所述的醇胺是一种或多种选自一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺或N-甲基二乙醇胺的醇胺。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，所述的胆碱是一种或多种选自胆碱、乙酰胆碱或氯化胆碱的胆碱。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，所述的多胺是一种或多种选自腐胺、亚精胺或精胺的多胺。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，所述的氨基酸是一种或多种选自赖氨酸、精氨酸、蛋氨酸或鸟氨酸的氨基酸。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，乙二醇或甘油、苯酚与水的重量比是10～75：2～8：1000；和/或醇胺、胆碱、多胺与氨基酸的重量比是100：2～8：1～4：20～50。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，乙二醇或甘油、苯酚与水的重量比是20～75：3～8：1000；和/或醇胺、胆碱、多胺与氨基酸的重量比是100：3～8：2～4：30～50。
本发明还涉及所述的螯合载体在制备中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料中的用途。
根据本发明的一种优选实施方式，所述中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料的制备步骤如下：
A、溶剂制备
将10～100重量份乙二醇或甘油与2～10重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
B、碱性螯合载体制备
将100重量份醇胺、2～10重量份胆碱与1～5重量份多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂中，混合均匀，加热至温度60～80℃，接着加入20～60重量份氨基酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，再使用焦磷酸钾水溶液将其pH值调节至8.0以上，得到一种碱性螯合载体；
C、制备中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料
将水溶性中微量营养元素钙、镁、锌、锰、铜和/或铁盐与步骤B得到的螯合载体按照重量比1：1～100复配，溶解，于是得到所述的中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，所述焦磷酸钾水溶液的浓度是1～5mol/L。
根据本发明的另一种优选实施方式，所述的水溶性钙盐是硝酸钙或氯化钙；所述的水溶性镁盐是硝酸镁或氯化镁；所述的水溶性锌盐是硫酸锌或氯化锌；所述的水溶性锰盐是硫酸锰或氯化锰；所述的水溶性铜盐是硫 酸铜或氯化铜；所述的水溶性铁盐是硫酸亚铁或硫酸亚铁铵。
下面将更详细地描述本发明。
本发明涉及一种中微量营养元素螯合载体。
在本说明书中需特别指出，中微量营养元素螯合载体简称之螯合载体，它们两者具有完全相同的含义。
所述的螯合载体由100重量份醇胺、2～10重量份胆碱、1～5重量份多胺、20～60重量份氨基酸与1000重量份溶剂组成，其中所述的溶剂由10～100重量份乙二醇或甘油、2～10重量份苯酚与1000重量份水组成。
在本发明中，所述醇胺在所述螯合载体中的主要作用是它能够与中微量营养元素螯合，生成在碱性条件下可溶解的中微量营养元素螯合物。
本发明使用的醇胺是一种或多种选自一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺或N-甲基二乙醇胺的醇胺。所述的醇胺都是目前市场上销售的产品，例如由上海敏晨化工有限公司以商品名一乙醇胺(MEA)销售的产品、由邹平县国安化工有限公司以商品名N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)销售的产品。
在本发明中，所述的胆碱在所述螯合载体中的主要作用是它能够提升中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料的碱性，增强它们在这种中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料中的稳定性，它还具有生物活性，能够促进作物光合产物合成和运输。
本发明使用的胆碱是一种或多种选自胆碱、乙酰胆碱或氯化胆碱的胆碱。所述的胆碱都是目前市场上销售的产品，例如由西安拉维亚生物科技有限公司以商品名胆碱销售的产品、由河南兴源化工产有限公司以商品名乙酰胆碱销售的产品、由无锡盛世宏程生物科技有限公司以商品名氯化胆碱销售的产品。
在本发明的螯合载体中，其它组分的含量在所述范围内时，如果胆碱含量低于2重量份，则它增强中微量营养元素在这种碱性液体肥料中的稳定性效果不明显；如果胆碱含量高于10重量份，则它会使螯合载体的生产成本增加。因此，所述胆碱的含量为2～10重量份是合理的，优选地是3～8重量份。
在本发明中，所述的多胺在所述螯合载体中的主要作用是它能够促进 作物生长，提高种子活力和发芽力；刺激不定根产生，促进根系对无机离子的吸收；抑制蛋白酶与RNA酶活性的提高，延缓叶片衰老，延缓叶绿素的分解；调节与光敏素有关的生长和形态建成，调节开花过程；提高抗逆性和抗渗透胁迫。
本发明使用的多胺是一种或多种选自腐胺、亚精胺或精胺的多胺。所述的多胺都是目前市场上销售的产品，例如由上海依赫生物科技有限公司以商品名腐胺销售的产品、由湖北万得化工有限公司以商品名亚精胺销售的产品、由青岛捷世康生物科技有限公司以商品名精胺销售的产品。
在本发明的螯合载体中，其它组分的含量在所述范围内时，如果多胺含量低于1重量份，则它促进作物生长，提高种子活力和发芽力等技术效果不明显；如果多胺含量高于5重量份，则它会使螯合载体的生产成本增加。因此，所述多胺的含量为1～5重量份是恰当的，优选地是2～4重量份。
在本发明中，所述的氨基酸在所述螯合载体中的主要作用是它与有机碱反应形成有机螯合物而使中微量元素溶解，参与植物体内多胺的合成，提高中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料的中微量营养元素的稳定性。
本发明使用的氨基酸是一种或多种选自赖氨酸、精氨酸、蛋氨酸或鸟氨酸的氨基酸。所述的氨基酸都是目前市场上销售的产品，例如由希杰(沈阳)生物科技有限公司以商品名赖氨酸销售的产品、由山东东润生物科技有限公司以商品名L-精氨酸销售的产品、由江苏鑫和源生物科技有限公司以商品名L-蛋氨酸销售的产品、由江苏采薇生物科技有限公司以商品名鸟氨酸销售的产品。
在本发明的螯合载体中，其它组分的含量在所述范围内时，如果氨基酸含量低于20重量份，则形成的氨基酸-有机碱螯合物含量较低，螯合作用有限；如果氨基酸含量高于60重量份，则可能因储存温度等原因导致出现氨基酸析出。因此，所述氨基酸的含量为20～60重量份是合适的，优选地是30～50重量份，更优选地是36～42重量份。
优选地，醇胺、胆碱、多胺与氨基酸的重量比是100：2～8：1～4：20～50或100：3～8：2～4：30～50。
在所述的螯合载体中，所述的溶剂由10～100重量份乙二醇或甘油、2～10 重量份苯酚与1000重量份水组成。
其中，乙二醇或甘油是多元醇，它们能够促进有机碱溶解，并增强中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料的稳定性和流动性。如果乙二醇或甘油含量低于10重量份，则制成中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料稳定性差；如果乙二醇或甘油含量超过100重量份，则会导致制成中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料粘度高，影响有机碱及中微量营养元素溶解。
苯酚一方面可促进有机碱溶解，另一方面可进一步增强中微量营养元素在中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料中的稳定性。如果苯酚含量低于2重量份，则它增强中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料的稳定性效果不明显；如果苯酚含量超过10重量份，则生产成本增加。
优选地，乙二醇或甘油、苯酚与水的重量比是10～75：2～8：1000或20～75：3～8：1000。
本发明还涉及所述的螯合载体在制备中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料中的用途。
所述中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料的制备步骤如下：
A、溶剂制备
将10～100重量份乙二醇或甘油与2～10重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
B、碱性螯合载体制备
将100重量份醇胺、2～10重量份胆碱与1～5重量份多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂中，混合均匀，加热至温度60～80℃，接着加入20～60重量份氨基酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，再使用焦磷酸钾水溶液将其pH值调节至8.0以上，得到一种螯合载体；
根据本发明，所述的焦磷酸钾水溶液的浓度是1～5mol/L。
有关乙二醇或甘油、苯酚、醇胺、胆碱、多胺与氨基酸的情况在前面已经描述，在此不再赘述。
C、中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料制备
将水溶性中微量营养元素钙、镁、锌、锰、铜和/或铁盐与步骤B得到的螯合载体按照重量比1：1～100复配，溶解，于是得到所述的中微量营养 元素碱性液体肥料。
根据本发明，所述的水溶性钙盐是硝酸钙或氯化钙；所述的水溶性镁盐是硝酸镁或氯化镁；所述的水溶性锌盐是硫酸锌或氯化锌；所述的水溶性锰盐是硫酸锰或氯化锰；所述的水溶性铜盐是硫酸铜或氯化铜；所述的水溶性铁盐是硫酸亚铁或硫酸亚铁铵。
本发明中微量营养元素螯合载体具有下述特点：
A、本发明螯合载体能够用于生产中微量营养元素的碱性液体肥料。
B、本发明螯合载体为碱性，用于酸性土壤时可以调节土壤的pH。
C、本发明螯合载体螯合钙、镁碱性液体肥料用于高硬度水进行灌溉或叶面喷施时，不会产生沉淀。
D、本发明中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料叶面喷施时，促进中微量元素吸收，促进作物叶面富集二氧化碳，增强光合作用。土壤施用时，中微量元素被作物吸收到体内，刺激作物根系生长，提高根系活力，促进养分吸收
[有益效果]
本发明的有益效果是：
A、本发明中微量营养元素螯合载体能够用于生产中微量营养元素的碱性液体肥料，使得中微量元素即使在碱性条件下也能以溶解形式存在而不发生沉淀，从而实现了更高的利用率。
B、本发明中微量营养元素螯合载体为碱性，它在酸性土壤中施用时可以调节土壤的pH值。
C、本发明中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料用于高硬度水进行灌溉或叶面喷施时，不会产生沉淀。
D、本发明中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料在叶面喷施时，能够促进中微量元素吸收，促进作物叶面富集二氧化碳，增强光合作用。与CK相比，在叶面喷施时，使用本发明中微量营养元素碱性液体肥处理的小白菜鲜重、Vc含量、可溶性糖含量和锌利用率分别平均提高38.6％、85.7％、196％、64.6％。
E、本发明中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料在土壤中施用时，中微量元素 被作物吸收到体内，刺激作物根系生长，提高根系活力，促进养分吸收。在灌施的条件下，与CK相比，使用本发明中微量营养元素碱性液体肥处理的小白菜鲜重、Vc含量、可溶性糖含量和锌利用率分别平均提高43.0％、12.4％、40.8％、45.8％。与CK相比，使用本发明中微量营养元素碱性液体肥处理的小麦根系鲜重和活力分别平均提高58.2％和43.5％。
【具体实施方式】
通过下述实施例将能够更好地理解本发明。
一、制备实施例
实施例1：本发明螯合载体制备
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
A、溶剂制备
将40重量份乙二醇与5重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
B、碱性螯合载体制备
将100重量份一乙醇胺醇胺、5重量份胆碱与3重量份腐胺多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂中，混合均匀，加热至温度60℃，接着加入50重量份赖氨酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，使用浓度为4mol/L的焦磷酸钾水溶液调节pH至9，得到所述的螯合载体。
实施例2：本发明螯合载体制备
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
A、溶剂制备
将10重量份甘油与2重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
B、碱性螯合载体制备
将100重量份二乙醇胺醇胺、3重量份乙酰胆碱与1重量份亚精胺多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂中，混合均匀，加热至温度60℃，接着加入20重量份精氨酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，使用浓度为1mol/L的焦磷酸钾水溶液调节pH至9，得到所述的螯合载体。
实施例3：本发明螯合载体制备
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
A、溶剂制备
将100重量份乙二醇与10重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
B、碱性螯合载体制备
将100重量份三乙醇胺醇胺、8重量份氯化胆碱与3重量份精胺多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂中，混合均匀，加热至温度60℃，接着加入60重量份蛋氨酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，使用浓度为5mol/L的焦磷酸钾水溶液调节pH至9，得到所述的螯合载体。
实施例4：本发明螯合载体制备
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
A、溶剂制备
将20重量份甘油与3重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
B、碱性螯合载体制备
将100重量份N-甲基二乙醇胺醇胺、2重量份胆碱与乙酰胆碱混合物(重量比1:1)胆碱与2重量份腐胺与精胺混合物(重量比2:1)多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂中，混合均匀，加热至温度60℃，接着加入30重量份鸟氨酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，使用浓度为2mol/L的焦磷酸钾水溶液调节pH至9，得到所述的螯合载体。
实施例5：本发明螯合载体制备
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
A、溶剂制备
将75重量份乙二醇与8重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
B、碱性螯合载体制备
将100重量份二乙醇胺与N-甲基二乙醇胺混合物(重量比2:1)醇胺、9重量份乙酰胆碱与氯化胆碱混合物(重量比1:3)胆碱与4重量份亚精胺与精胺混合物(重量比1:4)多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂 中，混合均匀，加热至温度60℃，接着加入40重量份赖氨酸与精氨酸混合物(重量比1:1)氨基酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，使用浓度为3mol/L的焦磷酸钾水溶液调节pH至9，得到所述的螯合载体。
实施例6：本发明螯合载体制备
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
A、溶剂制备
将90重量份乙二醇与7重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
B、碱性螯合载体制备
将100重量份一乙醇胺与二乙醇胺混合物(重量比1:2)醇胺、10重量份胆碱与乙酰胆碱混合物(重量比1:1)胆碱与5重量份腐胺、亚精胺与精胺混合物(重量比1:1:1)多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂中，混合均匀，加热至温度60℃，接着加入45重量份赖氨酸、精氨酸与蛋氨酸混合物(重量比1:2:1)氨基酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，使用浓度为3mol/L的焦磷酸钾水溶液调节pH至9，得到所述的螯合载体。
实施例7：使用螯合载体制备中量营养元素碱性液体肥料
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
该实施例使用实施例1制备的螯合载体。
将水溶性硝酸钙与水溶性硝酸镁按照重量比1：1混合均匀，然后与实施例1制备得到的螯合载体按照重量比1：40复配，用水溶解，于是得到所述的中量营养元素碱性液体肥料。
实施例8：使用螯合载体制备中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
该实施例使用实施例2制备的螯合载体。
将水溶性氯化钙、水溶性氯化镁、水溶性硫酸锌与水溶性硫酸锰按照重量比1：0.5：0.1：0.1混合均匀，然后与实施例2制备得到的螯合载体按照重量比1：60复配，用水溶解，于是得到所述的中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料。
实施例9：使用螯合载体制备中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
该实施例使用实施例3制备的螯合载体。
将水溶性硝酸钙、水溶性氯化镁、水溶性氯化锌、水溶性硫酸锰、水溶性硫酸铜按照重量比1：1：0.2：0.1：0.05混合均匀，然后与实施例3制备得到的螯合载体按照重量比1：1复配，用水溶解，于是得到所述的中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料。
实施例10：使用螯合载体制备中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
该实施例使用实施例4制备的螯合载体。
将水溶性氯化钙、水溶性硝酸镁、水溶性硫酸锌、水溶性氯化锰、水溶性硫酸铜按照重量比1：0.5：0.2：0.1：0.1混合均匀，然后与实施例4制备得到的中微量营养元素螯合载体按照重量比1：20复配，用水溶解，于是得到所述的中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料。
实施例11：使用螯合载体制备中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
该实施例使用实施例5制备的螯合载体。
将水溶性硝酸钙、水溶性氯化镁、水溶性氯化锌、水溶性氯化锰、水溶性氯化铜、水溶性硫酸亚铁按照重量比1：1：0.5：0.2：0.1：0.2混合均匀，然后与实施例5制备得到的螯合载体按照重量比1：80复配，用水溶解，于是得到所述的中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料。
实施例12：使用螯合载体制备微量营养元素碱性液体肥料
该实施例的实施步骤如下：
该实施例使用实施例6制备的螯合载体。
将水溶性硫酸锌、水溶性氯化锰、水溶性硫酸铜、水溶性硫酸亚铁铵按照重量比1：0.4：0.2：0.2混合均匀，然后与实施例6制备得到的螯合载体按照重量比1：100复配，用水溶解，于是得到所述的微量营养元素碱性液体肥料。
在上述实施例7-12中，成功制备了中微量营养元素的碱性液体肥料，即，中微量元素呈溶解形式的液体肥料，而没有沉淀发生。
二、试验实施例
试验实施例1：本发明中微量营养元素螯合载体对作物根系生长与活力的影响
使用实施例1、实施例2与实施例4制备的螯合载体，采用常规砂培试验方法研究本发明螯合载体对小麦根系生长与活力的影响。
试验样品：
这些螯合载体按照0.2g/L分别添加到霍格兰营养液中，这些试样分别记为A、B、C，未添加螯合载体的霍格兰营养液作为对照CK。
试验方法：
将常规处理的石英砂装到500mL培养钵(底部有排水孔)中，石英砂表面距离钵沿距离为2～3cm。将处理的作物定植于培养钵中，该试验重复6次。每隔4天浇灌1次营养液，每次100mL，以保持一定的湿度和养分浓度。
检测方法：
在作物出苗后第21天，取样测定根系鲜重，采用《植物生理学实验指导》(华南理工大学出版社，2015年)常规比色方法测定TTC活力。
其试验结果列于表1中。
表1：本发明螯合载体对小麦根系生长和活力的影响
Figure PCTCN2019101795-appb-000001
作物根系的吸收能力是决定肥料利用率的重要因素。由表1列出的结果可知，添加螯合载体的试样A、B、C处理的小麦根系鲜重和活力分别比对照平均提高58.2％和43.5％。
试验实施例2：本发明微量营养元素锌碱性液体肥料对小白菜生长和锌利用率的影响
试验样品：
将七水硫酸锌分别与实施例1、实施例2和实施例4制备的螯合载体按照重量比1：50复配，得到本发明微量营养元素锌碱性液体肥料，这些试样分别记为A 1、B 1、C 1；以七水硫酸锌与水按照重量比1:50配制的微量营养元素锌液体肥料为对照，记为CK。
试验方法：
称取4kg通过2mm筛的风干土与基肥混匀，再装入高225mm、口径225mm的聚丙烯花盆中。
肥料及施用量：基肥是由1.66g尿素(N 46.2％)、1.11g磷酸二铵(18-46-0)与1.11g硫酸钾(K 2O 50％)组成。每盆播种10粒小白菜种子，至幼苗三片叶时定苗，每盆留三株，每个处理重复6次。
试验肥料施用方式：叶面喷施与随水灌施。幼苗四叶时进行喷施处理，每次喷施20mL/盆，每隔7天处理一次，共进行5次处理，最后一次叶面喷施5天后整盆收获。灌施用量和管理方式与喷施相同。
检测方法：
测定收获植株的鲜重，根据《植物生理学实验指导》(华南理工大学出版社，2015年)标准方法测定每株两片鲜叶的Vc、可溶性糖等品质指标，剩余部分于温度105℃下杀青半小时，烘干，称重计生物量；粉碎，根据《土壤农业化学分析方法》(中国农业科技出版社，1999年)采用原子吸收分光光度法测植株全锌含量。
根据下述公式计算锌利用率：
锌利用率＝(地上部锌含量×地上部鲜重)/锌施用量×100％]。
该试验结果分别列于表2与表3中。
表2：喷施不同锌肥处理对小白菜生长、品质和锌利用率的影响
处理 鲜重(g/pot) Vc(mg/100g) 可溶性糖(mg/g) 锌利用率(％)
CK 108.72 43.27 2.36 11.6
A 1 151.22 92.07 4.70 17.4
B 1 158.70 66.20 8.37 20.3
C 1 142.07 82.80 7.89 19.6
由表2列出的结果可知，在叶面喷施的条件下，与CK相比，使用本发明微量营养元素锌碱性液体肥料处理的小白菜鲜重、Vc含量、可溶性糖含 量与锌利用率分别平均提高38.6％、85.7％、196％、64.6％。
表3灌施不同锌肥处理对小白菜生长、品质和锌利用率的影响
处理 鲜重(g/pot) Vc(mg/100g) 可溶性糖(mg/g) 锌利用率(％)
CK 110.55 89.67 7.73 4.61
A 1 128.69 94.40 10.99 6.31
B 1 154.57 98.93 8.40 7.49
C 1 190.98 109.13 13.25 6.36
由表3列出的结果可知，在灌施施条件下，与CK相比，本发明微量营养元素锌碱性液体肥料处理的小白菜鲜重、Vc含量、可溶性糖含量和锌利用率分别平均提高43.0％、12.4％、40.8％、45.8％。
由此可见，本发明制备的中微量元素碱性液体肥料可显著提高作物根系活力、地上部重量，微量元素利用率显著提高，并具有提升品质的效果。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种中微量营养元素螯合载体，其特征在于所述的螯合载体由100重量份醇胺、2～10重量份胆碱、1～5重量份多胺、20～60重量份氨基酸与1000重量份溶剂组成，其中所述的溶剂由10～100重量份乙二醇或甘油、2～10重量份苯酚与1000重量份水组成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的螯合载体，其特征在于所述的醇胺是一种或多种选自一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺或N-甲基二乙醇胺的醇胺。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的螯合载体，其特征在于所述的胆碱是一种或多种选自胆碱、乙酰胆碱或氯化胆碱的胆碱。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的螯合载体，其特征在于所述的多胺是一种或多种选自腐胺、亚精胺或精胺的多胺。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的螯合载体，其特征在于所述的氨基酸是一种或多种选自赖氨酸、精氨酸、蛋氨酸或鸟氨酸的氨基酸。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的螯合载体，其特征在于乙二醇或甘油、苯酚与水的重量比是10～75：2～8：1000；和/或醇胺、胆碱、多胺与氨基酸的重量比是100：2～8：1～4：20～50；或者
    其特征在于乙二醇或甘油、苯酚与水的重量比是20～75：3～8：1000；和/或醇胺、胆碱、多胺与氨基酸的重量比是100：3～8：2～4：30～50。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项权利要求所述的螯合载体在制备中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料中的用途。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的用途，其特征在于所述中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料的制备步骤如下：
    A、溶剂制备
    将10～100重量份乙二醇或甘油与2～10重量份苯酚溶解于1000重量份水中，搅拌混合均匀，得到所述的溶剂；
    B、碱性螯合载体制备
    将100重量份醇胺、2～10重量份胆碱与1～5重量份多胺溶解于1000重量份在步骤A得到的溶剂中，混合均匀，加热至温度60～80℃，接着加 入20～60重量份氨基酸，搅拌溶解，冷却，再使用焦磷酸钾水溶液将其pH值调节至8.0以上，得到一种碱性螯合载体；
    C、中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料制备
    将水溶性中微量营养元素钙、镁、锌、锰、铜和/或铁盐与步骤B得到的螯合载体按照重量比1：1～100复配，溶解，于是得到所述的中微量营养元素碱性液体肥料。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用途，其特征在于所述的焦磷酸钾水溶液的浓度是1～5mol/L。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的用途，其特征在于所述的水溶性钙盐是硝酸钙或氯化钙；所述的水溶性镁盐是硝酸镁或氯化镁；所述的水溶性锌盐是硫酸锌或氯化锌；所述的水溶性锰盐是硫酸锰或氯化锰；所述的水溶性铜盐是硫酸铜或氯化铜；所述的水溶性铁盐是硫酸亚铁或硫酸亚铁铵。
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