WO2020087847A1 - 单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线 - Google Patents

单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线 Download PDF

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WO2020087847A1
WO2020087847A1 PCT/CN2019/079181 CN2019079181W WO2020087847A1 WO 2020087847 A1 WO2020087847 A1 WO 2020087847A1 CN 2019079181 W CN2019079181 W CN 2019079181W WO 2020087847 A1 WO2020087847 A1 WO 2020087847A1
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transmission array
circularly polarized
metal patch
antenna
array antenna
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PCT/CN2019/079181
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蒋之浩
洪伟
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东南大学
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

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  • the invention belongs to the field of wireless communication system electronic devices, and in particular relates to a single feed source gain controllable multi-shaped beam wideband circularly polarized millimeter wave transmission array antenna, which can realize multidirectional circular poles with non-uniform gain in a wide frequency band
  • the polarized beam and multi-shaped circularly polarized beam can be applied to the fifth generation mobile communication, millimeter wave point-to-multipoint communication, millimeter wave point-to-multi-area coverage and other fields.
  • the transmission array is a discrete electromagnetic lens with a non-uniform transmission phase. Due to its lightness, flatness, and low loss, it can be widely used in point-to-point communications, satellite communications, and other fields. Compared with reflective arrays, transmissive arrays will not suffer from performance degradation caused by feed blocking, and at the same time, they have a stronger tolerance for surface flatness. At present, most of the existing transmission array designs only support one directional beam, and there is little research and development on the single-feed multi-beam transmission array, although it has a wide range of fields in point-to-multipoint communication and point-to-multi-area coverage. Application prospects.
  • the invention provides a broadband circularly polarized millimeter wave transmission array antenna with a single feed source controllable multi-shaped beam.
  • This structure uses a circularly polarized feed antenna to illuminate a planar transmissive array.
  • the planar transmissive array is composed of identical sub-wavelength units arranged in cycles. By changing the rotation angle of each basic unit in the plane of the transmissive array, It can produce the required non-uniform geometric phase for the circularly polarized incident wave.
  • This transmissive array antenna can generate stable multi-pencil beams and multi-shaped beams in the frequency band exceeding 10%, and the relative gain of each beam is independently controllable.
  • the present invention Compared with the existing single-feed multi-beam transmissive array and reflective array antennas, the present invention has the advantages of circular polarization, wide operating bandwidth, large beam freedom, low cross polarization, high aperture efficiency, etc., and will move in the fifth generation in the future Communication, satellite communications and other fields have important prospects.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a single-feedback gain-controllable multi-shaped beam wideband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmissive array antenna with broadband and circularly polarized radiation characteristics, which can efficiently realize a multi-shaped beam. Radiation pattern.
  • a single feed source gain controllable multi-shaped beam wideband circularly polarized millimeter wave transmission array antenna of the present invention includes a circular polarization feed antenna and a planar transmission array; the planar transmission array is located in the circular polarization feed In front of the opening of the horn of the source antenna, the central axis of the circularly polarized feed antenna is on the same axis as the central axis of the planar transmission array.
  • the planar transmissive array is composed of completely identical basic unit structures arranged in cycles.
  • the central axis of the circularly polarized feed antenna is on the same axis as the central axis of the planar transmission array, where the distance between the circularly polarized feed antenna and the planar transmission array is F, and the diameter of the planar transmission array is D, then 0.6 ⁇ F / D ⁇ 1.2.
  • the basic unit structure of the planar transmission array is composed of upper metal patches, middle metal patches, and lower metal patches arranged in sequence and located on the same center line, and each cell period is not greater than 1/2 wavelength.
  • first layer dielectric substrate Between the upper layer metal patch and the middle layer metal patch of the basic unit structure is a first layer dielectric substrate, and between the middle layer metal patch and the lower layer metal patch is a second layer dielectric substrate, the first layer dielectric substrate It has the same thickness as the second dielectric substrate and less than 1/2 wavelength.
  • the structure and size of the upper layer metal patch and the lower layer metal patch are completely the same, and are composed of a ring and a quasi-rectangular patch.
  • the middle-layer metal patch includes a metal layer with a circular hole dug in the middle, and a quasi-rectangular patch is placed in the center of the circular hole.
  • the patterns of the upper layer metal patch, the middle layer metal patch, and the lower layer metal patch are composed of connected or unconnected metal patches or grids.
  • the upper layer metal patch, the middle layer metal patch, and the lower layer metal patch have the same horizontal rotation angle.
  • the horizontal rotation angles of all the units of the planar transmission array are asymmetrically distributed.
  • the present invention provides a wideband circularly polarized millimeter-wave transmissive array antenna with a single-feedback gain controllable multi-shaped beam, and its advantages are:
  • Circularly polarized multi-shaped beams can be realized.
  • the basic unit structure of the transmission array By designing the basic unit structure of the transmission array, it converts left-handed (right-handed) circularly polarized incident waves into right-handed (left-handed) circularly polarized transmitted waves, and then carries a proportional to the horizontal rotation angle of the basic unit structure Phase delay, by controlling the horizontal rotation angle distribution of all the basic unit structures on the plane transmission array, the phase distribution of the aperture field of the transmitted wave can be designed, thereby achieving multiple circular polarization highly directional beams or multiple circular polarization shaping Beam.
  • planar transmissive array uses a dielectric substrate with a sub-wavelength thickness, which can be manufactured using traditional printed circuit board technology, and works outside the resonance frequency of the metal patch unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of the transmissive array antenna of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a transmissive array unit.
  • circularly polarized feed antenna 1 planar transmission array 2, basic unit structure 3, upper metal patch 3a, middle metal patch 3b, lower metal patch 3c, first dielectric substrate 3d, second Layer dielectric substrate 3e.
  • Fig. 3 shows the transmission and reflection amplitude of the basic unit structure of the transmission array as a function of frequency; where a is the transmission amplitude of right-to-right and right-to-left rotation, and b is the right-to-right and right-hand rotation. Amplitude of reflection to the left
  • Figure 4 shows the transmission phase of the basic unit structure of the transmission array at different frequencies with the horizontal rotation angle of the unit; where a is the phase diagram of the normal incidence angle, b is the phase diagram of the incident angle of 15 degrees, and c is 30 degrees Phase diagram of incident angle;
  • FIG. 5 shows the transmission amplitude and phase of the basic unit structure of the transmission array at different frequencies with the incident angle; where a is the transmission amplitude and b is the transmission phase.
  • Figure 11 shows the simulated and measured gain versus frequency curve of four unequal amplitude pencil beams.
  • the invention provides a single feed source gain controllable multi-shaped beam wideband circularly polarized millimeter wave transmission array antenna, which comprises a circularly polarized feed antenna and a planar transmission array; the basic unit structure of the planar transmission array is pasted by upper metal It is composed of sheet, middle layer metal patch and lower layer metal patch.
  • the first layer of dielectric substrate is between the upper layer metal patch and the middle layer metal patch.
  • the second layer of dielectric substrate is the middle layer metal patch and the lower layer metal patch. .
  • the central axis of the circularly polarized feed antenna is at the same level as the central axis of the planar transmission array, and the distance between the feed antenna and the planar transmission array is F, and the diameter of the planar transmission array is D, where 0.6 ⁇ F / D ⁇ 1.2.
  • the planar transmission array is composed of identical basic unit structures arranged in cycles, and the unit cycle is not greater than 1/2 wavelength.
  • the structure and size of the upper layer metal patch and the lower layer metal patch of the basic unit structure of the planar transmission array are completely the same, and are composed of a ring and a quasi-rectangular patch.
  • the middle layer metal patch of the basic unit structure of the planar transmission array includes a metal layer with a circular hole dug in the middle, and a quasi-rectangular patch is placed in the center of the circular hole.
  • the upper layer metal patch, the middle layer metal patch, and the lower layer metal patch of the basic unit structure of the planar transmission array have the same horizontal rotation angle.
  • the basic unit structure of the planar transmission array converts left-handed (right-handed) circularly polarized incident waves into right-handed (left-handed) circularly polarized transmitted waves.
  • the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate of the planar transmission array have the same thickness and less than 1/2 wavelength.
  • the horizontal rotation angles of all the units of the planar transmission array are distributed, and by controlling this distribution, the required circularly polarized multi-shaped beams can be obtained.
  • the invention provides a single feed source gain controllable multi-shaped beam wideband circularly polarized millimeter wave transmission array antenna, which uses a circularly polarized horn antenna as the feed source of the planar transmission array.
  • the feed antenna has the characteristics of broadband circular polarization, and the gain is about 15dBi. Its central axis and the central axis of the planar transmission array are on the same line, and the distance between them is F.
  • the diameter of the planar transmission array is D, and the value of F / D should be between 0.6 and 1.2, where it is set to 0.8.
  • the plane transmission array is composed of the same basic unit structure arranged in a cycle, with a cycle less than 1/2 wavelength, and each unit rotates a certain angle around the center axis of the unit on the horizontal plane.
  • the basic unit structure of the planar transmission array is composed of three metal layers. Between the two metal layers are two dielectric substrates with the same thickness. The thickness of each dielectric substrate is controlled at 1/8 to 1/3 wavelength between. Among them, the structure and size of the upper metal patch and the lower metal patch are exactly the same. It is composed of a ring and a quasi-rectangular patch. The ring is electrically connected to the ring of the adjacent unit to provide greater inductance.
  • the middle metal patch includes a metal layer with a circular hole dug in the middle, and a quasi-rectangular patch is placed in the center of the circular hole. Similarly, the middle metal patch exhibits a capacitive response along the x direction and an inductive response along the y direction.
  • the basic unit of the transmission array is smaller than the wavelength and the thickness is thin, its electromagnetic response is basically consistent in the range of 0-30 degrees of incidence angle.
  • the basic unit structure of the transmission array produces a phase delay along the x direction and a phase advance along the y direction.
  • the transmission phases in these two directions are 180 degrees apart, the right-handed (left )
  • the incident wave is transformed into a left-handed (right-handed) transmitted wave, accompanied by a transmission phase shift completely determined by the horizontal rotation angle of the basic unit structure, and the transmission amplitude is higher than 80%.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of the transmissive array antenna
  • Fig. 2 shows a three-dimensional schematic view of the basic unit structure of the transmissive array.
  • the central axis of the circularly polarized feed antenna is at the same level as the central axis of the planar transmission array, and the feed antenna is separated from the planar transmission array by a certain distance.
  • Fig. 3 shows the transmission amplitude of the basic unit structure of the transmissive array antenna as a function of frequency. It can be seen that the basic unit structure of the transmissive array can efficiently convert right-handed incident waves into left-handed transmitted waves, while right-handed The amplitude of the transmitted wave is very weak, and at the same time, the right-handed and left-handed reflected waves are weak.
  • FIG. 4 shows the variation curve of the transmission phase of the basic unit structure of the transmission array antenna with the horizontal rotation angle of the unit at different incident angles and different frequencies. It can be seen that the transmission phase of the right-hand incident wave to the left-hand transmitted wave exhibits a stable linear change with the horizontal rotation angle of the unit, and this change rule remains stable at different frequencies and different incident angles.
  • FIG. 5 shows the variation curve of the transmission amplitude and phase of the basic unit structure of the transmission array antenna at different frequencies with the incident angle. It can be seen that the transmission amplitude of the right-hand incident wave to the left-hand transmitted wave decreases only slightly with increasing angle of incidence, and the transmission phase of the right-hand incident wave to the left-hand transmitted wave increases only slightly with increasing angle of incidence, which ensures that The higher aperture efficiency of the transmission array antenna.
  • the rotation angle distribution of the water product of the basic unit structure of the transmission array that realizes this function is shown in FIG. 6d.
  • the rotation angle distribution of the water product of the basic unit structure of the transmission array that realizes this function is shown in FIG. 7d.
  • the water product rotation angle distribution of the basic unit structure of the transmission array that realizes this function is shown in FIG. 8d.
  • FIG. 11 shows the simulated and measured gain versus frequency curve of the four unequal amplitude pencil beams produced by the transmissive array antenna. It can be seen that the measured maximum gains of the four beams are 24.25, 22.07, 20.09, 18.05dB, and their -1dB gain bandwidth is about 11%, which is in good agreement with the simulation results, and the caliber efficiency is close to 30%.
  • the invention provides a wideband circularly polarized millimeter wave transmissive array antenna with single feed source gain controllable multi-shaped beam.
  • the transmissive array antenna is composed of a circularly polarized feed antenna 1 and a planar transmissive array 2; the circularly polarized feed antenna 1 is placed at a certain distance from the planar transmissive array 2; the basic unit structure 3 structure of the planar transmissive array 2 It is composed of upper metal patch 3a, middle metal patch 3b, and lower metal patch 3c.
  • first layer dielectric substrate 3d Between upper metal patch 3a and middle metal patch 3b is first layer dielectric substrate 3d, middle metal patch 3b and lower metal Between the patches 3c is the second dielectric substrate 3e; the upper layer metal patch 3a and the lower layer metal patch 3c have the same structure; the upper layer metal patch 3a, the middle layer metal patch 3b, and the lower layer metal patch 3c have the same level Rotation angle; the horizontal rotation angle of each basic unit structure 3 of the plane transmissive array 2 in its plane is distributed.
  • the present invention provides a single feed source gain controllable multi-shaped beam wideband circularly polarized millimeter wave transmission array antenna, which has circular polarization, wide operating bandwidth, large beam freedom, low cross polarization,
  • the advantages of high caliber efficiency and other advantages have important prospects in the future fifth-generation mobile communications, satellite communications and other fields.

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Abstract

本发明公开单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，所述天线包括一个圆极化馈源天线(1)和一个平面透射阵(2)；平面透射阵(2)位于圆极化馈源天线(1)喇叭口的开口前部，圆极化馈源天线(1)的中心轴线与平面透射阵(2)的中心轴线位于同一轴线上。所述平面透射阵(2)由完全相同的基本单元结构(3)按周期排列组成。所述圆极化馈源天线(1)的中心轴线与平面透射阵(2)的中心轴线位于同一轴线上，通过优化设计平面透射阵(2)的每个基本单元结构在其所在平面内的水平旋转角度的分布，利用单元产生的几何相位可以实现宽带圆极化多赋形波束，在毫米波点对多点通信和点对多区域覆盖方面有着广阔的应用前景。

Description

单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线 技术领域
本发明属于无线通信系统电子器件领域，具体涉及一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，在一个宽频带内可以实现具有非均匀增益的多定向圆极化波束和多赋形圆极化波束，可被应用于第五代移动通信、毫米波点对多点通信、毫米波点对多区域覆盖等领域。
背景技术
透射阵是一种具有非均匀透射相位的离散电磁透镜，由于其轻便、平面化、低损耗，可被广泛应用于点对点通信、卫星通信等领域。和反射阵相比，透射阵不会受到馈源阻挡产生的性能恶化，同时，其对表面平整度的容忍更强。目前已有的透射阵设计绝大多数只支持一个定向波束，对于单馈源多波束透射阵的研究和开发很少，尽管其在点对多点通信和点对多区域覆盖等领域有着广阔的应用前景。目前已报道的单馈源多波束透射阵只实现了具有相同增益的线极化多铅笔波束，同时，由于其利用多层频率选择表面实现针对线极化波的非均匀动态相位，此类透射阵的工作带宽较窄，且波束摇头现象较严重。在诸如卫星通信等很多应用中，圆极化比线极化辐射更加适用，其还可以避免极化失配带来的传输深坑，因此，宽带圆极化单馈源多波束透射阵天线亟待被研究。
本发明提出了一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线。该结构利用一个圆极化馈源天线照射一个平面透射阵，此平面透射阵由完全相同的亚波长单元按周期排布而成，通过改变每个基本单元在透射阵所在面内的旋转角度，可以对圆极化入射波产生所需的非均匀几何相位。此透射阵天线可在超过10％的频带内产生稳定的多铅笔波束和多赋形波束，且每个波束的相对增益均独立可控。相比于已有的单馈源多波束透射阵和反射阵天线，本发明具有圆极化、工作带宽宽、波束自由度大、交叉极化低、口径效率高等优点，在未来第五代移动通信、卫星通信等领域有着重要的前景。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是提供一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，具有宽带、圆极化辐射特性，可以高效地实现具有多赋形波束的辐射方向图。
技术方案：本发明的一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，包括一个圆极化馈源天线和一个平面透射阵；平面透射阵位于圆极化馈源天线喇叭口的开口前部，圆极化馈源天线的中心轴线与平面透射阵的中心轴线位于同一轴线上。
所述平面透射阵由完全相同的基本单元结构按周期排列组成。
所述圆极化馈源天线的中心轴线与平面透射阵的中心轴线位于同一轴线上，其中，圆极化馈源天线与平面透射阵的距离为F，平面透射阵的直径为D，则0.6≤F/D≤1.2。
所述平面透射阵的基本单元结构由上层金属贴片、中层金属贴片、下层金属贴片顺序排列且位于同一中心线上构成，各单元周期不大于1/2波长。
所述基本单元结构的上层金属贴片与中层金属贴片之间是第一层介质基片，中层金属贴片与下层金属贴片之间是第二层介质基片，第一层介质基片与第二层介质基片的厚度相同，且小于1/2波长。
所述上层金属贴片与下层金属贴片的结构和尺寸完全相同，由一个圆环和一个准矩形 贴片组成。
所述中层金属贴片包括一个中间挖有圆孔的金属层，且该圆孔中心放置有一个准矩形贴片。
所述上层金属贴片、中层金属贴片、下层金属贴片的图样由相连或者不相连的金属贴片或网格构成。
所述上层金属贴片、中层金属贴片、下层金属贴片具有相同的水平旋转角度。
所述平面透射阵的所有单元的水平旋转角呈非对称分布。
有益效果：本发明提出的一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其优势在于：
(1)可以实现圆极化多赋形波束。通过设计透射阵的基本单元结构，使其将左旋(右旋)圆极化入射波转换为右旋(左旋)圆极化透射波，并随之携带一个与基本单元结构水平旋转角成正比的相位延迟，通过控制平面透射阵上所有基本单元结构的水平旋转角分布，可以对透射波的口径场的相位分布进行设计，进而实现多个圆极化高定向波束或多个圆极化赋形波束。
(2)具有宽带特性和稳定的波束指向。这是由于透射阵的基本单元结构对圆极化波产生的透射相位调控完全通过旋转基本单元结构带来的几何相位所决定，此类几何相位和动态相位不一样，所产生的相移不随频率的变化而变化，因此具有宽带特性。
(3)具有很低的交叉极化辐射。这是由于采用了高纯度的圆极化喇叭天线作为馈源，同时，透射阵的单元结构被的左旋(右旋)入射波照射时，所产生的右旋(左旋)透射波的强度远高于左旋(右旋)透射波的强度，因此，单元本身的交叉极化也非常低。此外，所采用的几何相位在对左旋(右旋)波进行汇聚的时候，对正交极化的右旋(左旋)波会产生发散，更进一步提高了最终所产生的圆极化多赋形波束的极化纯度。
(4)多个波束的方向和相对增益可自由控制。通过优化平面透射阵上所有单元的水平旋转角分布，可以自由地分配不同波束之间的相对能量占比和它们在u-v平面内的指向
Figure PCTCN2019079181-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019079181-appb-000002
从而准确地控制所产生的多个波束的相对增益。
(5)具有轻便、低损耗、低成本等特性。这是因为平面透射阵采用了具有亚波长厚度的介质基片，可用传统印刷电路板工艺制作，且工作在金属贴片单元的谐振频率以外。
附图说明
图1给出了本发明透射阵天线的侧视示意图
图2是透射阵单元的三维示意图。
图中有：圆极化馈源天线1，平面透射阵2，基本单元结构3，上层金属贴片3a、中层金属贴片3b、下层金属贴片3c，第一层介质基片3d,第二层介质基片3e。
图3给出了所述透射阵基本单元结构的透射和反射幅度随频率变化曲线图；其中a是右旋到右旋和右旋到左旋的透射幅度，b是右旋到右旋和右旋到左旋的反射幅度；
图4给出了所述透射阵基本单元结构的透射相位在不同频率随单元水平旋转角变化曲线图；其中a是正入射角度的相位图，b是15度入射角度的相位图，c是30度入射角度的相位图；
图5给出了所述透射阵基本单元结构的透射幅度和相位在不同频率随入射角变化曲线图；其中a是透射幅度，b是是透射相位。
图6给出了四个等幅铅笔波束的仿真结果；其中a是40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图， b是轴比三维分布图；c是xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线，d是透射阵基本单元结构的水品旋转角分布；
图7给出了四个不等幅铅笔波束的仿真结果；其中a是40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图，b是轴比三维分布图；c是xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线，d是透射阵基本单元结构的水品旋转角分布；
图8给出了三个等幅圆顶波束的仿真结果；其中a是40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图，b是轴比三维分布图；c是xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线，d是透射阵基本单元结构的水品旋转角分布；
图9给出了三个不等幅圆顶波束的仿真结果；其中a是40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图，b是轴比三维分布图；c是xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线，d是透射阵基本单元结构的水品旋转角分布；
图10给出了四个不等幅铅笔波束的仿真和实测结果；其中a是实测的40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图，b是仿真和实测的xz(v＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线，c是仿真和实测的yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线；
图11给出了四个不等幅铅笔波束的仿真和实测增益随频率变化曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，包括一个圆极化馈源天线和一个平面透射阵；平面透射阵的基本单元结构由上层金属贴片、中层金属贴片、下层金属贴片构成，上层金属贴片与中层金属贴片之间是第一层介质基片，中层金属贴片与下层金属贴片之间是第二层介质基片。
所述圆极化馈源天线的中心轴线与平面透射阵的中心轴线在同一水平高度，且馈源天线与平面透射阵距离为F，平面透射阵直径为D，其中，0.6≤F/D≤1.2。
所述平面透射阵由完全相同的基本单元结构按周期排列组成，单元周期不大于1/2波长。
所述平面透射阵的基本单元结构的上层金属贴片与下层金属贴片的结构和尺寸完全相同，由一个圆环和一个准矩形贴片组成。
所述平面透射阵的基本单元结构的中层金属贴片包括一个中间挖有圆孔的金属层，且圆孔中心放置有一个准矩形贴片。
所述平面透射阵的基本单元结构的上层金属贴片、中层金属贴片、下层金属贴片具有相同的水平旋转角度。
所述平面透射阵的基本单元结构将左旋(右旋)圆极化入射波转换为右旋(左旋)圆极化透射波。
所述平面透射阵的第一层介质基片和第二层介质基片厚度相同，且小于1/2波长。
所述平面透射阵的所有单元的水平旋转角呈一定分布，通过控制此分布可以获得所需的圆极化多赋形波束。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
本发明的一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，采用一个圆极化喇叭天线作为平面透射阵的馈源。该馈源天线具有宽带圆极化特性，且增益约为15dBi，其中心轴和平面透射阵的中心轴在同一条线上，两者距离为F。平面透射阵的直径为D，F/D的值应在0.6和1.2之间，此处设为0.8。平面透射阵由完全相同的基本单元结构按周期排 布组合而成，周期小于1/2波长，每个单元在水平面上围绕单元的中心轴旋转一定角度。该平面透射阵的基本单元结构由三层金属层组成，三层金属层两两之间是两个厚度相同的介质基片，每层介质基片的厚度控制在1/8到1/3波长之间。其中，上层金属贴片与下层金属贴片的结构和尺寸完全相同，由一个圆环和一个准矩形贴片组成，该圆环和相邻单元的圆环有电连接，提供较大的电感，由于准矩形贴片的存在，上层金属贴片与下层金属贴片沿x方向呈现容性响应，沿y方向呈现感性响应。中层金属贴片包括一个中间挖有圆孔的金属层，且圆孔中心放置有一个准矩形贴片，同样地，中层金属贴片沿x方向呈现容性响应，沿y方向呈现感性响应。通过优化透射阵基本单元结构三层金属贴片的尺寸和介质基片的厚度，可以使得其与自由空间实现阻抗匹配，保证了很高的透射幅度。重要的是，由于透射阵的基本单元相比于波长较小，厚度较薄，所以其电磁响应在0-30度入射角范围内基本保持一致。此外，透射阵基本单元结构沿x方向产生相位延迟，而沿y方向产生相位超前，当沿这两个方向的透射相位相差180度的时候，可在约12.5％的带宽内将右旋(左旋)入射波转变为左旋(右旋)透射波，并伴随含有一个完全由基本单元结构水平旋转角度决定的透射相移，且透射幅度高于80％。通过采用交替映射算法对平面透射阵中所有单元的水平旋转角度分布进行优化，可以产生多个高定向的圆极化铅笔波束或者多个圆极化赋形波束，且这些波束的方向和相对增益可独立控制。
图1给出了所述透射阵天线的侧视示意图，图2给出了透射阵基本单元结构的三维示意图。圆极化馈源天线的中心轴线与平面透射阵的中心轴线在同一水平高度，且馈源天线与平面透射阵分开一定距离。
图3给出了所述透射阵天线基本单元结构的透射幅度随频率变化曲线图，可以看出，该透射阵的基本单元结构可以高效地将右旋入射波转化为左旋透射波，而右旋透射波的幅度很弱，同时，右旋和左旋的反射波都很弱。
图4给出了所述透射阵天线基本单元结构透射相位在不同入射角和不同频率随单元水平旋转角变化曲线图。可以看到，右旋入射波到左旋透射波的透射相位随单元水平旋转角呈稳定的线性变化，且此变化规律在不同频率和不同入射角情况下保持稳定。
图5给出了所述透射阵天线基本单元结构的透射幅度和相位在不同频率随入射角变化曲线图。可以看到，右旋入射波到左旋透射波的透射幅度随入射角的增大只略微降低，右旋入射波到左旋透射波的透射相位随入射角的增大只略微增大，这保证了透射阵天线较高的口径效率。
图6给出了所述透射阵天线产生四个等幅铅笔波束的仿真结果。可以看到，40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图呈现4个高定向波束，分别指向(u,v)＝(0.5,0)、(0,0.5)、(-0.5,0)、和(0,-0.5)方向，在这四个波束范围内，通过三维轴比分布图可以看出轴比均小于3dB，说明左旋圆极化纯度很好。xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线显示了四个波束具有相同的增益。实现此功能的透射阵基本单元结构的水品旋转角分布如图6d所示。
图7给出了所述透射阵天线产生四个非等幅铅笔波束的仿真结果。可以看到，40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图呈现4个高定向波束，分别指向(u,v)＝(0.5,0)、(0,0.5)、(-0.5,0)、和(0,-0.5)方向，在这四个波束范围内，通过三维轴比分布图可以看出轴比均小于3dB，说明左旋圆极化纯度很好。xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲 线显示了四个波束具有不同的增益，它们的相对增益值分别为0、-2、-4、和-6dB。实现此功能的透射阵基本单元结构的水品旋转角分布如图7d所示。
图8给出了所述透射阵天线产生三个等幅圆顶波束的仿真结果。可以看到，40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图呈现3个圆形的平顶波束，分别指向(u,v)＝(0.5,0)、(0,0.5)、和(-0.5,0)方向，且波束覆盖范围较宽，在这三个波束范围内，通过三维轴比分布图可以看出轴比均小于3dB，说明左旋圆极化纯度很好。xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线显示了三个波束具有相同的增益。实现此功能的透射阵基本单元结构的水品旋转角分布如图8d所示。
图9给出了所述透射阵天线产生三个非等幅圆顶波束的仿真结果。可以看到，40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图呈现3个圆形的平顶波束，分别指向(u,v)＝(0.5,0)、(0,0.5)、和(-0.5,0)方向，且波束覆盖范围较宽，在这三个波束范围内，通过三维轴比分布图可以看出轴比均小于3dB，说明左旋圆极化纯度很好。xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线显示了三个波束具有不同的增益，它们的相对增益值分别为0、-2、和-4dB。实现此功能的透射阵基本单元结构的水品旋转角分布如图9d所示。
图10给出了所述透射阵天线产生四个不等幅铅笔波束的仿真和实测结果。可以看到，实测的40GHz左旋波归一化三维方向图呈现4个高定向波束，分别指向(u,v)＝(0.5,0)、(0,0.5)、(-0.5,0)、和(0,-0.5)方向，仿真和实测的xz(v＝0)面和yz(u＝0)面的左旋波归一化二维方向图和轴比曲线可以看出，四个波束的相对增益为0、-2、-4、和-6dB，且轴比均小于3dB。
图11给出了所述透射阵天线产生四个不等幅铅笔波束的仿真和实测增益随频率变化曲线。可以看到，实测的四个波束的最大增益为24.25、22.07、20.09、18.05dB，它们的-1dB增益带宽约为11％，且与仿真结果很吻合，口径效率接近30％。
本发明的一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线。所述透射阵天线由一个圆极化馈源天线1和一个平面透射阵2组成；圆极化馈源天线1与平面透射阵2分开一定的距离放置；平面透射阵2的基本单元结构3结构由上层金属贴片3a、中层金属贴片3b、下层金属贴片3c构成，上层金属贴片3a与中层金属贴片3b之间是第一层介质基片3d，中层金属贴片3b与下层金属贴片3c之间是第二层介质基片3e；上层金属贴片3a与下层金属贴片3c的结构相同；上层金属贴片3a、中层金属贴片3b、下层金属贴片3c具有相同的水平旋转角度；平面透射阵2的每个基本单元结构3在其所在平面内的水平旋转角度呈一定分布。
综上所述，本发明提供了一种单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，具有圆极化、工作带宽宽、波束自由度大、交叉极化低、口径效率高等优点，在未来第五代移动通信、卫星通信等领域有着重要的前景。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式。应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述天线包括一个圆极化馈源天线(1)和一个平面透射阵(2)；平面透射阵(2)位于圆极化馈源天线(1)喇叭口的开口前部，圆极化馈源天线(1)的中心轴线与平面透射阵(2)的中心轴线位于同一轴线上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述平面透射阵(2)由完全相同的基本单元结构(3)按周期排列组成。
  3. [根据细则91更正 11.07.2019]　
    根据权利要求1所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述圆极化馈源天线(1)的中心轴线与平面透射阵(2)的中心轴线位于同一轴线上，其中，圆极化馈源天线(1)与平面透射阵(2)的距离为F，平面透射阵(2)的直径为D，则0.6≤F/D≤1.2。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述平面透射阵(2)的基本单元结构(3)由上层金属贴片(3a)、中层金属贴片(3b)、下层金属贴片(3c)顺序排列且位于同一中心线上构成，各单元周期不大于1/2波长。
  5. [根据细则91更正 11.07.2019]　
    根据权利要求4所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述基本单元结构(3)的上层金属贴片(3a)与中层金属贴片(3b)之间是第一层介质基片(3d)，中层金属贴片(3b)与下层金属贴片(3c)之间是第二层介质基片(3e)，第一层介质基片(3d)与第二层介质基片(3e)的厚度相同，且小于1/2波长。
  6. [根据细则91更正 11.07.2019]　
    根据权利要求4所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述上层金属贴片(3a)与下层金属贴片(3c)的结构和尺寸完全相同，由一个圆环和一个准矩形贴片组成。
  7. [根据细则91更正 11.07.2019]　
    根据权利要求4所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述中层金属贴片(3b)包括一个中间挖有圆孔的金属层，且该圆孔中心放置有一个准矩形贴片。
  8. [根据细则91更正 11.07.2019]　
    根据权利要求4所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述上层金属贴片(3a)、中层金属贴片(3b)、下层金属贴片(3c)的图样由相连或者不相连的金属贴片或网格构成。
  9. [根据细则91更正 11.07.2019]　
    根据权利要求4所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述上层金属贴片(3a)、中层金属贴片(3b)、下层金属贴片(3c)具有相同的水平旋转角度。
  10. [根据细则91更正 11.07.2019]　
    根据权利要求9所述的单馈源增益可控多赋形波束宽带圆极化毫米波透射阵天线，其特征在于，所述平面透射阵(2)的所有单元的水平旋转角呈非对称分布。
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