WO2018170970A1 - 一种宽波束平面圆极化天线 - Google Patents

一种宽波束平面圆极化天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018170970A1
WO2018170970A1 PCT/CN2017/080472 CN2017080472W WO2018170970A1 WO 2018170970 A1 WO2018170970 A1 WO 2018170970A1 CN 2017080472 W CN2017080472 W CN 2017080472W WO 2018170970 A1 WO2018170970 A1 WO 2018170970A1
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shaped
radiating element
antenna
strip line
magnetic dipole
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PCT/CN2017/080472
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吕文俊
李笑乾
杨华权
许璐
王雷杰
刘超男
王康
王东东
朱洪波
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南京邮电大学
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Publication of WO2018170970A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018170970A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wide beam planar circularly polarized antenna, belonging to the field of Internet of Things and microwave technology.
  • the circularly polarized antenna can receive incoming waves in any direction, and its radiated waves can also be received by any polarized antenna. Therefore, it has been widely used in electronic reconnaissance and interference, polarization diversity of communication and radar, and electronic countermeasures. .
  • the fabrication of circularly polarized antennas can be roughly divided into three methods.
  • the first method is circular polarization for complementary vibrators;
  • the second method is to use rotating structures such as microstrip planar rotating antennas and stereoscopic helical antennas;
  • the third method is to create crossovers on radiating patches or dielectric resonators. Dipole, the modulo polarization and phase orthogonality of the two crossed dipoles.
  • Microstrip antennas are a common type of antenna using the first method.
  • This type of antenna is lightweight, easy to integrate, conformal to the device, and easy to machine.
  • a crossed dipole is introduced, circular polarization and end-emitting characteristics can be simultaneously achieved.
  • the relative bandwidth of such planar end-fired circularly polarized antennas is generally only a few percent. This will make it difficult to meet the bandwidth requirements of the communication system.
  • the front-to-back ratio of the antenna indicates how well the antenna suppresses the back lobes.
  • each antenna is densely distributed, and an antenna with a low front-to-back ratio is selected.
  • the back flap of the antenna may have a cross-over coverage, resulting in a chaotic switching relationship. Therefore, we must find ways to improve the front-to-back ratio of the antenna and suppress the back lobes of the antenna.
  • the antenna In the fields of satellite navigation, communication and radio frequency identification, the antenna also needs to have a sufficiently wide 3dB axial ratio beamwidth (ie, polarized beamwidth), requiring the antenna to have a proximity of 180° (hemispherical) or even more than 180°. Axis ratio beamwidth.
  • polarized beamwidth ie, polarized beamwidth
  • a circularly polarized antenna with a plane rotationally symmetric structure can also achieve a wide beam, it often does not exceed 150°, and the beam is more perpendicular to the plane of the antenna.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wide beam planar circularly polarized antenna, which not only has good circular polarization performance, but also has a radiation direction parallel to the antenna plane and has a front-to-back ratio of about 15 dB, and a 3 dB circular polarization.
  • the beam opening angle can be extended to 180°.
  • the antenna has a low profile and a simple structure, and can realize excellent circular polarization performance without adding a complicated phase shifting power division network, and has wide application prospects in various radio frequency identification systems related to the Internet of Things.
  • the invention provides a wide beam planar circularly polarized antenna, comprising a non-closed fan-shaped planar magnetic dipole, a top layer phase conversion strip line, a top V-shaped radiating element, an underlying phase conversion strip line, and an underlying V-shaped radiating element;
  • the upper surface of the non-closed end of the fan-shaped planar magnetic dipole is connected to the top V-shaped radiating element through a top phase shifting strip line, and the lower surface is connected to the underlying V-shaped radiating element through an underlying phase shifting strip line; a sector-shaped planar magnetic dipole
  • the upper surface and the top phase shifting strip line are in the same plane as the top V-shaped radiating element, and the lower surface of the sector-shaped planar magnetic dipole and the top-level phase converting strip line are in the same plane as the top V-shaped radiating element;
  • the top layer phase conversion strip line and the bottom layer phase conversion strip line have the same structure and size, and are symmetrically distributed about a central axis of the non-closed sector plane magnetic dipole;
  • the top V-shaped radiating element and the bottom V-shaped radiating element have the same structure and size, and are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the non-closed sector-shaped planar magnetic dipole; the projection of the top V-shaped radiating element on the plane of the underlying V-shaped radiating element An overlapping area with the underlying V-shaped radiating element;
  • a feed structure is disposed on the non-closed fan-shaped planar magnetic dipole.
  • the central angle of the sector-shaped planar magnetic dipole is greater than 90° and less than 360°.
  • the apex angle of the overlap region and the phase conversion strip line is 0°-30°, so as to adjust the front-to-back ratio of the antenna.
  • the feed structure is a coaxial line.
  • a medium of any dielectric constant is filled between the upper and lower surfaces of the antenna.
  • the bottom phase conversion band line and the top layer phase conversion strip line length range from a quarter wavelength to a three-eighth wavelength.
  • the present invention Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: the present invention can achieve a front-to-back ratio of about 15 dB while using a planar structure, and can ensure that a 3 dB circularly polarized beam angle reaches 180°, which is good.
  • the circular polarization characteristic and the end-fire characteristic, the antenna has a low profile and a simple structure, and can realize excellent circular polarization performance without adding a complicated phase shifting power division network, and is widely used in various radio frequency identification systems related to the Internet of Things. Application prospects.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a front structure and a reference coordinate of an antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional schematic diagram and reference coordinates of an antenna.
  • Figure 3 is a radiation pattern of the antenna on the YZ plane calculated using IE3D software.
  • Figure 4 shows the antenna reflection coefficient characteristics calculated using IE3D software.
  • Figure 5 is an antenna shaft ratio diagram calculated using IE3D software.
  • 1 is a fan-shaped magnetic dipole
  • 2 is a top-level phase conversion line
  • 3 is an underlying phase conversion line
  • 4 is a top V-shaped radiating element
  • 5 is an underlying V-shaped radiating element
  • 6 is a coaxial joint outer conductor
  • 7 is Coaxial inner conductor.
  • the present invention will provide a design method for a wide beam planar end-fired circularly polarized antenna, which has a front-to-back ratio of 15 dB or more, a sufficiently wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth, and an antenna, in addition to achieving a circularly polarized beam parallel to the plane of the antenna.
  • the utility model has the advantages of low profile and simple structure, and can realize excellent circular polarization performance without adding a complicated phase shifting power division network, and has wide application prospects in various radio frequency identification systems related to the Internet of Things.
  • the structure of a wide beam planar circularly polarized antenna of the present invention is: the antenna can be fabricated on any suitable dielectric constant medium, and the overall radiating element of the antenna is a sector-shaped planar magnetic dipole.
  • the sub-1, the top V-shaped radiating element 4, and the bottom V-shaped radiating element 5 are formed.
  • the sector-shaped planar magnetic dipole 1 is a non-closed structure consisting of two identical fan-shaped patches and vertical short-circuiting walls connecting the straight sides of the two sector-shaped patches.
  • the top V-shaped radiating element 4 and the bottom V-shaped radiating element 5 are identical in structure and size, and are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the sector-shaped magnetic dipole 1.
  • the non-closed end of the fan-shaped planar magnetic dipole 1 has an upper surface connected to the top V-shaped radiating element 4 through a top phase shifting strip line 2, and a lower surface passing through the bottom phase shifting strip line 3 and the bottom layer facing the V-shaped radiating element 5 Connected.
  • the top phase shifting strip 2 and the bottom phase shifting strip 3 are identical in structure and size, and the length and width can be adjusted.
  • the top V-shaped radiating element 4 and the bottom V-shaped radiating element 5 are rotated about the antenna central axis 10 by an angle ranging between 5° and 15°.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments.
  • the spacing between the upper and lower surfaces of the air medium and the fan-shaped planar magnetic dipole 1 is 6 mm, and the radius of the fan-shaped planar magnetic dipole 1 is used in this embodiment. 36mm, the degree of the central angle 9 is 180°, the length of the top phase conversion strip 2 and the bottom phase conversion strip 3 are both a quarter wavelength, and the top V-shaped radiating element 4 and the bottom V-shaped radiating unit 5 surround the antenna.
  • the angle of rotation of the central axis is 15°, and the characteristics of the antenna obtained by simulation are calculated by using IE3D software.
  • Figure 3 is a radiation pattern of the antenna calculated on the YZ plane calculated by IE3D software.
  • the operating frequency of the antenna is 2.4 GHz
  • the broken line indicates right-hand circular polarization
  • the solid line indicates left-hand circular polarization. It can be seen that the polarization direction of the antenna is right-handed circular polarization, and has a front-to-back ratio of 15 dB at 0°-180°, a beam width of 180°, and a wide beamwidth.
  • Figure 4 is an antenna reflection coefficient characteristic calculated using IE3D software
  • Figure 5 is an antenna axis ratio diagram calculated using IE3D software.
  • the antenna impedance bandwidth covers the 2.26-2.51 GHz band
  • the relative bandwidth is 10.33%
  • the center frequency is 2.42 GHz.
  • the antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth.
  • the antenna has an axial ratio bandwidth of less than 3 dB and an axial ratio bandwidth of 2.83 - 2.41 GHz.
  • the wide-beam planar end-fired circularly polarized antenna of the present invention has a 3dB circularly polarized beam angle of up to 180°, and the maximum radiation direction is parallel to the antenna plane.
  • the antenna has a circularly polarized hemispherical beam performance of a helical antenna and an end-fire characteristic of other antennas, and has a front-to-back ratio of up to 15 dB or more, a 3 dB circularly polarized beam opening angle of 180°, and a low profile.
  • the structure is simple, and excellent circular polarization performance can be realized without adding a complicated phase shifting power division network, and has wide application prospects in various radio frequency identification systems related to the Internet of Things.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，在介质上分别设计结构相同、反对称布置的平面扇形磁偶极子和反对称排布的V形电偶极子，利用相位转换带线实现90°时间相位差，使天线具有宽波束圆极化辐射特性。本发明实现的圆极化天线，具有15dB以上的前后比，且可实现波束宽度达180°的半球状圆极化波束，分别受控于V形电偶极子围绕扇形磁偶极子中轴线旋转的角度、V形电偶极子的形状和宽度。最大辐射方向平行于天线所在平面，且具有较宽的阻抗带宽，这是以往小型平面微带天线不能实现的特性。本发明具有剖面低、结构简单，无需外加复杂的移相功分网络即可实现优良的圆极化性能的特点，在物联网相关的各种射频识别系统中有广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种宽波束平面圆极化天线 技术领域
本发明涉及一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，属于物联网与微波技术领域。
背景技术
圆极化天线可以接收任意方向的来波，且其辐射波也可由任意极化的天线收到，故在电子侦察和干扰、通信和雷达的极化分集工作、电子对抗方面受到了广泛的应用。圆极化天线的制作大致可以划分为三种方法。第一种方法为互补振子实现圆极化；第二种方法为使用旋转结构，如微带平面旋转天线和立体结构的螺旋天线；第三种方法为在辐射贴片或介质谐振腔上产生交叉偶极子，这两个交叉偶极子的模极化和相位正交。微带天线是采用第一种方法的常见天线类型。这种类型天线结构轻巧、便于集成、可与设备共形、加工容易。其中在引入交叉偶极子的情况下可以同时实现圆极化和端射特性。但是这种平面端射圆极化天线的相对带宽一般只有百分之几。这将很难满足通信系统对于带宽的要求。
天线的前后比表明了天线对后瓣抑制的好坏。在物联网领域中，各个天线分布比较密集，选用前后比低的天线，天线的后瓣有可能产生越区覆盖，导致切换关系混乱。所以就要想办法提高天线的前后比，抑制天线的后瓣。
而在卫星导航、通信和射频识别等领域中，还需要天线具有足够宽的3dB轴比波束宽度(即：极化波束宽度)，要求天线具有接近180°(半球状)、甚至超过180°的轴比波束宽度。尽管平面旋转对称结构的圆极化天线也能实现宽波束，但往往不超过150°，并且波束多垂直于天线的平面,如果想要获得平行于天线平面的圆极化波束，就难免要引入一些非平面结构，所以如何设计一个半球状3dB轴比波束，而且波束指向平行于天线平面所在方向的平面天线是一个难题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，该组合天线不仅具有良好的圆极化性能，辐射方向平行于天线平面，且具有15dB左右的前后比，3dB圆极化波束张角可展宽至180°。该天线剖面低、结构简单，无需外加复杂的移相功分网络即可实现优良的圆极化性能，在物联网相关的各种射频识别系统中有广泛的应用前景。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，包括非封闭的扇形平面磁偶极子、顶层相位转换带线、顶层V形辐射单元、底层相位转换带线、底层V形辐射单元；
所述扇形平面磁偶极子的非封闭端的上表面通过顶层相位转换带线与顶层V形辐射单元连接，下表面通过底层相位转换带线与底层V形辐射单元连接；扇形平面磁偶极子的上表面、顶层相位转换带线与顶层V形辐射单元在同一平面，扇形平面磁偶极子的下表面、顶层相位转换带线与顶层V形辐射单元在同一平面；
所述顶层相位转换带线与底层相位转换带线的结构与尺寸相同，且关于非封闭的扇形平面磁偶极子的中轴线对称分布；
顶层V形辐射单元与底层V形辐射单元的结构与尺寸相同，且关于非封闭的扇形平面磁偶极子的中轴线对称分布；顶层V形辐射单元在底层V形辐射单元所在平面上的投影与底层V形辐射单元有重叠区域；
所属非封闭的扇形平面磁偶极子上设置有馈电结构。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述扇形平面磁偶极子的圆心角大于90°且小于360°。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述重叠区域与相位转换带线相连的顶角为0°-30°，以便调控天线的前后比。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，馈电结构为同轴线。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，该天线的上下表面之间填充任意介电常数的介质。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述底层相位转换带线与顶层相位转换带线长度范围在四分之一波长到八分之三波长之间。
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：本发明能够在使用平面结构的同时，前后比可以达到15dB左右，能确保3dB圆极化波束张角达到180°，具有良好的圆极化特性和端射特性，该天线剖面低、结构简单，无需外加复杂的移相功分网络即可实现优良的圆极化性能，在物联网相关的各种射频识别系统中有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是天线的正面结构与参考坐标示意图。
图2是天线的三维立体示意图与参考坐标示意图。
图3是采用IE3D软件计算的天线在YZ面的辐射方向图。
图4是采用IE3D软件计算的天线反射系数特性。
图5是采用IE3D软件计算的天线轴比图。
其中，1是扇形磁偶极子，2是顶层相位转换线，3是底层相位转换线，4是顶层V形辐射单元，5是底层V形辐射单元，6是同轴接头外导体，7是同轴线内导体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：
本发明将提出一种宽波束平面端射圆极化天线的设计方法，除实现圆极化波束平行于天线所在平面外，具有15dB以上的前后比，足够宽的3dB轴比波束宽度，且天线剖面低、结构简单，无需外加复杂的移相功分网络即可实现优良的圆极化性能，在物联网相关的各种射频识别系统中有广泛的应用前景。
对照附图1、图2，本发明一种宽波束平面圆极化天线的结构是：该天线可以制作在任意合适的介电常数的介质上，该天线的整体辐射单元由扇形平面磁偶极子1、顶层V形辐射单元4、底层V形辐射单元5构成。扇形平面磁偶极子1为非封闭结构，由两个相同的扇形贴片以及连接两个扇形贴片的直边的垂直短路壁构成。顶层V形辐射单元4、底层V形辐射单元5的结构、尺寸完全相同，并关于扇形平面磁偶极子1的中轴线对称布置。扇形平面磁偶极子1的非封闭端，其上表面通过顶层相位转换带线2与顶层V形辐射单元4相连接，下表面通过底层相位转换带线3与底层对跖V形辐射单元5相连接。顶层相位转换带线2与底层相位转换带线3的结构、尺寸完全相同,长度和宽度均可调节。顶层V形辐射单元4和底层V形辐射单元5围绕天线中轴线10旋转一定的角度，角度范围在5°-15°之间。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步阐述，其中，本实施例中采用空气介质、扇形平面磁偶极子1上下表面之间的间距为6毫米，扇形平面磁偶极子1的半径为36mm，圆心角9的度数为180°，顶层相位转换带线2与底层相位转换带线3的长度均为四分之一波长，顶层V形辐射单元4、底层V形辐射单元5围绕天线中轴线旋转的角度为15°，利用IE3D软件仿真计算得到的天线各项特性。
图3是采用IE3D软件计算的天线在YZ面的辐射方向图，天线的工作频率在2.4GHz，虚线表示右旋圆极化，实线表示左旋圆极化。可以看出该天线的极化方向为右旋圆极化，且在0°-180°均具有15dB的前后比，波束宽度为180°，具有很宽的波束宽度。
图4是采用IE3D软件计算的天线反射系数特性，图5是采用IE3D软件计算的天线轴比图。根据附图4和图5的结果可见，该天线阻抗带宽覆盖了2.26-2.51GHz频段，相对带宽为10.33％，中心频率在2.42GHz，可以看出该天线具有较宽的阻抗带宽。该天线具有小于3dB的轴比带宽，轴比带宽为2.83-2.41GHz。
综上所述，本发明一种宽波束平面端射圆极化天线的3dB圆极化波束张角可达180°，并且最大辐射方向平行于天线平面。该天线具有螺旋天线的圆极化半球波束性能和其他天线的端射特性，具有高达15dB以上的前后比，3dB圆极化波束张角达到180°，而且剖面低、 结构简单，无需外加复杂的移相功分网络即可实现优良的圆极化性能，在物联网相关的各种射频识别系统中有广泛的应用前景。
以上所述，仅为本发明中的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉该技术的人在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可理解想到的变换或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的包含范围之内，因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，其特征在于，包括非封闭的扇形平面磁偶极子、顶层相位转换带线、顶层V形辐射单元、底层相位转换带线、底层V形辐射单元；
    所述扇形平面磁偶极子为非封闭结构，由两个相同的扇形贴片以及连接两个扇形贴片的直边的垂直短路壁构成。
  2. 所述扇形平面磁偶极子的非封闭端的上表面通过顶层相位转换带线与顶层V形辐射单元连接，下表面通过底层相位转换带线与底层V形辐射单元连接；扇形平面磁偶极子的上表面、顶层相位转换带线与顶层V形辐射单元在同一平面，扇形平面磁偶极子的下表面、顶层相位转换带线与顶层V形辐射单元在同一平面；
    所述顶层相位转换带线与底层相位转换带线的结构与尺寸相同，且关于非封闭的扇形平面磁偶极子的中轴线对称分布；
    顶层V形辐射单元与底层V形辐射单元的结构与尺寸相同，且关于非封闭的扇形平面磁偶极子的中轴线对称分布；顶层V形辐射单元在底层V形辐射单元所在平面上的投影与底层V形辐射单元有重叠区域；
    所属非封闭的扇形平面磁偶极子上设置有馈电结构。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，其特征在于，所述扇形平面磁偶极子的圆心角大于90°且小于360°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，其特征在于，所述重叠区域与相位转换带线相连的顶角为0°-30°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，其特征在于，馈电结构为同轴线。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，其特征在于，该天线的上下表面之间填充任意介电常数的介质。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种宽波束平面圆极化天线，其特征在于，所述底层相位转换带线与顶层相位转换带线长度范围在四分之一波长到八分之三波长之间。
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