WO2020083561A1 - Vitre feuilletée comprenant un élément fonctionnel doté de propriétés optiques pouvant être commandées électriquement et image optique améliorée - Google Patents

Vitre feuilletée comprenant un élément fonctionnel doté de propriétés optiques pouvant être commandées électriquement et image optique améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020083561A1
WO2020083561A1 PCT/EP2019/074391 EP2019074391W WO2020083561A1 WO 2020083561 A1 WO2020083561 A1 WO 2020083561A1 EP 2019074391 W EP2019074391 W EP 2019074391W WO 2020083561 A1 WO2020083561 A1 WO 2020083561A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pane
layer
composite
functional element
polarizer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/074391
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jefferson DO ROSARIO
Florian Manz
Michael Labrot
Huixing Zhang
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to CN201980003630.5A priority Critical patent/CN111356589A/zh
Publication of WO2020083561A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020083561A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B32B17/10504—Liquid crystal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
    • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B32B17/10458—Polarization selective transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
    • C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
    • C09K19/542—Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K19/544—Macromolecular compounds as dispersing or encapsulating medium around the liquid crystal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite pane with a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties and an improved optical appearance.
  • PDLC elements polymer dispersed liquid crystai
  • SPD functional elements suspended particle device
  • the transmission of visible light can be controlled by PDLC or SPD functional elements by means of the applied voltage. Glazing with such functional elements can therefore be electrically darkened in a convenient manner.
  • a pane comprising such a PDLC functional element can also be referred to as a PDLC pane or, in the case of a compound pane, as a PDLC compound pane.
  • these composite panes can be used, for example, as variable sun protection or can act as a privacy screen. They are particularly suitable for use in car glazing, for example as a windshield with an electrically adjustable sun visor, as roof glazing or for side and rear windows. Windshields with electrically adjustable sun visors are known for example from DE 102013001334 A1, DE 102005049081 B3,
  • a vehicle roof comprising a PDLC composite pane can be seen, for example, from EP 2010385 B1.
  • the problem with such PDLC composite panes is that the scattering of the active layer, here the PDLC layer, has an angle dependency in transparent mode.
  • the PDLC layer has minimal scatter for light that is incident perpendicularly on the PDLC layer.
  • light striking the PDLC layer at an angle experiences a scattering that increases with increasing angular deviation from the vertical. This scattering causes the PDLC layer to appear milky in transparent mode when viewed at an oblique angle. This milky cloudiness is also known as a white veil.
  • the white veil is pronounced, the environment viewed through the PDLC layer only appears as a shadow, with the contrast and the color saturation being considerably reduced.
  • the white veil thus leads to a deterioration in the optical quality of the PDLC composite pane and can even lead to visual impairments.
  • EP 2 128 688 A1 discloses glazings comprising liquid crystal elements with electrically switchable optical properties, wherein polarizer layers can be arranged on the outer sides of the glazing.
  • JP S58 136534 A describes a vehicle window with a liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal display being inserted between polarizer plates, the permeable axes of which are at right angles to one another.
  • US 4749261 A discloses a vehicle roof window comprising a liquid crystal layer, the roof window comprising a polarizer which lies between the liquid crystal layer and the inside, and a depolarizer which lies between the liquid crystal layer and the outside of the glazing.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a composite pane with a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, which has an improved optical appearance, in particular improved transmission and scattering properties in the case of oblique light incidence.
  • the composite pane according to the invention has a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties, which is embedded in a thermoplastic intermediate layer of the composite pane.
  • the composite pane has an inner surface i and an outer surface a, the inner surface i, in the installed state of the pane in a window opening or vehicle body, representing the surface of the composite pane directed towards the interior.
  • the outer surface a denotes the surface of the composite pane facing the external environment or vehicle environment.
  • the composite pane comprises at least one inner pane with an inner side III and an outer face IV and an outer pane with an inner face II and an outer face I.
  • the outer face IV of the inner pane corresponds to the inner surface i of the composite pane and the outer face I of the outer pane represents the outer surface a Composite pane.
  • the inside III of the inside pane and the inside II of the outside pane are connected by a thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties is embedded in the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the functional element comprising an active layer which causes the corresponding change in the optical properties when an electrical voltage is applied.
  • a polarizer layer is arranged between the active layer and the inside III of the inside pane and / or between the active layer and the inside II of the outside pane.
  • the polarizer layer is designed to change the direction of polarization of the light transmitted from the outer surface a to the inner surface i.
  • the proportion of permeability of a polarizer layer to light is only a certain one To see polarization direction, as well as the change in the orientation of the electric field vector of the incident light, and also the depolarization of polarized light falling on the polarization layer. It is essential for the characteristic of the change in the polarization direction that the light after passing through the polarizer layer has a different proportionate composition of electric field vectors than before passing through the polarizer layer.
  • a core idea of the invention is based on the knowledge that the scattering of the active layers of functional elements with electrically controllable optical properties can be dependent on the angle and polarization. This effect is particularly pronounced with PDLC layers. In the case of oblique light incidence, only light of a certain polarization contributes to the scatter component, while light of a different polarization experiences minimal scatter regardless of the angle of incidence. By using polarizer layers in the composite pane, such effects which impair the optical properties can be suppressed or substantially minimized.
  • the functional element is a PDLC functional element (polymer dispersed liquid crystal).
  • the active layer of a PDLC functional element contains liquid crystals which are embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals are disordered, which leads to a strong scattering of the light passing through the active layer. If a voltage is applied to the surface electrodes, the liquid crystals align in a common direction and the transmission of light through the active layer is increased.
  • a functional element is known for example from DE 102008026339 A1.
  • PDLC layers show a pronounced birefringence, the refractive index of the resulting beam depending on the direction of polarization of the incident beam, and incident light is split into two perpendicularly polarized partial beams. A dependence on the angle of incidence can also be observed. With perpendicular incidence of light, there is a good match between the refractive indices of the polymeric carrier matrix and the liquid crystals contained therein. In the switched state of the PDLC functional element (liquid crystals aligned in the electrical field), good transparency is thus achieved for vertical incidence of light. At other angles of incidence, however, there are increasing deviations in the refractive indices of the polymer matrix and To observe liquid crystals, so that the proportion of light scattering increases at oblique angles.
  • the light scattering occurring on a PDLC layer in the transparent switched state of the functional element is not only dependent on the angle of incidence, but also on the direction of polarization of the incident light.
  • Light whose direction of polarization is parallel to the plane of incidence of the incident beam is also referred to as V-polarized light and is scattered differently than H-polarized light, whose direction of polarization is perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
  • the surface electrodes of the functional element are arranged parallel to the inner pane and the outer pane in terms of area, the liquid crystals in the active layer being aligned when a voltage is applied between the surface electrodes and the so-called director, who defines the preferred direction of the liquid crystal molecules indicates essentially perpendicular to the surface electrodes.
  • the direction of polarization of the H polarized light is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystals aligned in the electric field and parallel to the axis of rotation of the liquid crystals. As a result, H polarized light shows no change in the refractive index depending on the angle of incidence.
  • V polarized light For V polarized light, the plane of polarization runs along the director of the liquid crystals aligned in the electric field, so that the refractive index for V polarized light varies with a changing angle of incidence. Thus, V polarized light is scattered at an oblique angle of incidence, while H polarized light is transmitted.
  • the optical quality of PDLC functional elements used therein can be significantly improved and the proportion of the scattered light can be reduced.
  • the composite pane preferably has at least one polarizer layer which is arranged between the inside II of the outer pane and the active layer and is suitable for generating linearly polarized light.
  • a polarizer layer in front of the active layer, the transmission of the scattered light can be suppressed. This improves the transmission properties of the laminated glass, particularly when the light is at an angle, since the turbidity can be reduced when the light is at an angle.
  • the result is a laminated glass with improved optical properties, in which the formation of white veils when viewed at an oblique angle can be considerably reduced.
  • Such an embodiment with a polarizer layer for generating linearly polarized light, which is arranged between the outer pane and the active layer, is particularly suitable for motor vehicle glazing with a PDLC functional element, for example a vehicle window or car roof glazing.
  • the polarizer layer on the side of the PDLC layer facing the vehicle surroundings serves to improve the optical impression of the PDLC laminated glass on the inside.
  • V polarized light is scattered at an oblique angle of incidence, while H polarized light is transmitted.
  • a polarizer layer is arranged so that it only transmits H polarized light. Accordingly, only H polarized light, which is transmitted by the PDLC layer, reaches the PDLC functional element itself.
  • the polarizer layer for generating linearly polarized light is preferably embodied in the form of one or more delay plates which, overall, cause a delay of L / 2. This can be done, for example, by using two L / 4 plates in series.
  • the polarizer layer for generating linearly polarized light is implemented by a single L / 2 plate. This is advantageous since the rotation of the polarization plane to be achieved can be achieved with only a single component in this way.
  • the composite pane according to the invention consists in this order of an inner pane, a thermoplastic intermediate layer and an outer pane, a functional element and a polarizer layer being embedded in the thermoplastic intermediate layer and the polarizer layer being arranged between the inside of the outer pane and the active layer of the functional element .
  • the polarizer layer comprises one or more delay plates that cause an overall L / 2 delay.
  • a polarizer layer is arranged between the active layer and the inside III of the inner pane and is capable of generating suitable depolarized light.
  • the light emerging from the active layer in the direction of the building or vehicle interior is depolarized.
  • Depolarized light is referred to here as light that is not linearly polarized, but comprises a mixture of different directions of vibration. It is preferably circularly or elliptically polarized light.
  • polarized sunglasses are often used, the glasses of which are provided with a polarizer layer.
  • a polarizer layer For example, if you look at the inside of a laminated glass with a PDLC functional element with sunglasses that filter out the light transmitted by the PDLC layer (H polarization) and only allow the light scattered by the PDLC layer to pass through, the optical quality of the lens deteriorates Composite pane significant. This effect is further enhanced if a polarizer layer which generates linearly polarized light is already attached between the active layer and the outer pane.
  • the polarization direction of the sunglasses lenses does not match the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light by means of the polarizer layer between the outer pane and the functional element, the intensity of the light incident through the PDLC laminated glass is drastically reduced.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizer layer between the outer pane and the functional element and the sunglasses glasses are perpendicular to one another, so that the incident light is almost completely suppressed by the sunglasses glasses.
  • a polarizer layer which is suitable for generating depolarized light, between the functional element and the inner pane thus further increases the optical quality of the composite pane according to the invention.
  • An improvement can be observed both as the sole polarizer layer between the active layer and the inner pane and in combination with a further polarizer layer for generating linearly polarized light between the outer pane and the active layer.
  • the polarizer layer for generating depolarized light is preferably embodied in the form of one or more delay plates which, overall, cause a delay of L / 4.
  • the polarizer layer for the depolarization of the linearly polarized light is realized by a single L / 4 plate which generates circularly or elliptically polarized light. This is advantageous since the rotation of the polarization plane to be achieved can be achieved with only a single component in this way.
  • the composite pane according to the invention consists in this order of an inner pane, a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a functional element and a polarizer layer and an outer pane.
  • the polarizer layer is arranged between the inside of the inner pane and the active layer of the functional element and comprises one or more delay plates, which cause an overall delay of L / 4.
  • This embodiment is optimized to the effect that sufficient light intensity is perceived in the area of the functional element even when viewed with sunglasses.
  • the composite pane according to the invention comprises, in this order, an inner pane, a thermoplastic intermediate layer with a functional element and two polarizer layers and an outer pane.
  • One of the polarizer layers is arranged between the inside of the outer pane and the active layer of the functional element and comprises one or more delay plates, which cause an overall delay of L / 2.
  • a further polarizer layer is arranged between the inside of the inner pane and the active layer of the functional element and comprises one or more delay plates, which cause an overall delay of L / 4.
  • linear polarization filters can be used for the polarizer layers, for example thin-film polarizers, filters with a linear dichroic material such as an anisotropic polymer layer, deformed metallic nanoparticles, or a metal polarizer.
  • a linear dichroic material such as an anisotropic polymer layer, deformed metallic nanoparticles, or a metal polarizer.
  • the polarizer layers of the composite pane according to the invention are preferably designed as polymeric retardation plates. Both L / 2 and L / 4 retardation plates are commercially available in the form of birefringent plastic films. Polymer components adapt very well to a possible three-dimensional bending of the pane and can be easily integrated into the composite pane.
  • at least one polarizer layer is designed in the form of a carrier film with a polarizer layer and is arranged within the layer stack of the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the polarizer layer can, for example, be fixed on the carrier film via an adhesion promoter layer, such as an adhesive.
  • the carrier film serves the mechanical stability of the polarizer layer and simplifies the handling of the polarizer layers in the manufacturing process.
  • the carrier film is connected via thermoplastic composite films, which are inserted between the carrier film and the closest pane and between the carrier film and the functional element. This enables the use of any polarizer layers, since the fixation in the composite pane can be ensured by thermoplastic composite films.
  • the functional element is preferably in the form of a multilayer film with two outer carrier films.
  • the surface electrodes and the active layer are arranged between the two carrier films.
  • outer carrier film is meant here that the carrier films form the two surfaces of the multilayer film.
  • the functional element can thereby be provided as a laminated film, which can be processed advantageously.
  • the functional element is advantageously protected from damage, in particular corrosion, by the carrier films.
  • the multilayer film contains, in the order given, at least a first carrier film, a first surface electrode, an active layer, a second surface electrode and a second carrier film.
  • the first carrier film and / or the second carrier film preferably contain at least one polymer which does not completely melt in the autoclave process, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the first and second carrier films particularly preferably consist of a PET film.
  • the carrier films according to the invention are preferably transparent.
  • the thickness of the carrier films is preferably from 0.025 mm to 0.400 mm, in particular from 0.050 mm to 0.200 mm.
  • the surface electrodes are preferably arranged on a surface of the carrier film, that is to say on exactly one of the two sides of the carrier film (that is to say on its front side or its rear side).
  • the carrier films are aligned in the layer stack of the multilayer film in such a way that the surface electrodes are arranged adjacent to the active layer.
  • the thickness and composition of the carrier films on which the polarizer layers are arranged correspond to the carrier films of the functional element.
  • the foils can also have different thicknesses and composition
  • electrically controllable optical properties are understood to mean those properties which are infinitely variable, but equally also those which can be switched between two or more discrete states.
  • the functional element can of course have further layers known per se, for example barrier layers, blocker layers, antireflection layers, protective layers and / or smoothing layers.
  • the functional element to be integrated is typically cut out of a multilayer film with larger dimensions in the desired shape and size. This can be done mechanically, for example with a knife. In an advantageous embodiment, the cutting is carried out using a laser. It has been shown that the side edge is more stable in this case than with mechanical cutting. In the case of mechanically cut side edges, there may be a risk of the material retracting, which is visually striking and adversely affects the aesthetics of the pane.
  • the functional element is integrated via an intermediate layer between the inner pane and the outer pane of the composite pane.
  • the intermediate layer preferably comprises a first thermoplastic composite film that connects the functional element to the first pane and a second thermoplastic composite film that connects the functional element to the second pane.
  • the intermediate layer is typically formed by at least the first and the second thermoplastic composite film, which are arranged flatly on top of one another and laminated together, the functional element being inserted between the two layers. The areas of the composite films which overlap with the functional element then form the areas which connect the functional element to the panes.
  • thermoplastic composite films can be formed, for example, by a single thermoplastic film.
  • a thermoplastic composite film can also be formed from sections of different thermoplastic films, the side edges of which are attached to one another.
  • further thermoplastic composite films can also be present. If necessary, these can also be used for embedding further films comprising functional layers, for example infrared-reflecting layers or acoustically damping layers.
  • thermoplastic composite films as already described, can also be used to embed one or more polarizer layers in the composite pane according to the invention.
  • At least one polarizer layer is integrated in one of the carrier films of the functional element.
  • the polarizer layer is applied, for example, to the surface of the carrier film which faces away from the PDLC layer and does not carry any surface electrode. This can be done using an adhesion promoter, for example an adhesive. As a result, the number of layers in the composite pane can advantageously be reduced.
  • a polarizer layer in the form of a carrier film into the layer stack if necessary and to provide another polarizer layer in the form of a multilayer film with an integrated polarizer layer. This is advantageous if the polarizer layer inserted as a carrier film in the layer stack is only optionally provided.
  • polarizer layers As an alternative to using carrier films with polarizer layers, it is possible to provide one or more polarizer layers directly on the inside of the inner pane and / or on the inside of the outer pane.
  • the disk itself serves instead of the carrier film as a carrier substrate for the polarizer layer.
  • the functional element has an edge seal.
  • the edge seal covers the side edge of the functional element all around and prevents in particular the diffusion of chemical components of the thermoplastic intermediate layer, for example plasticizers, into the active layer.
  • the edge seal is formed by a transparent, colorless adhesive or a transparent, colorless adhesive tape.
  • acrylic or silicone-based adhesive tapes can be used as edge sealing.
  • the transparent, colorless edge seal has the advantage that the edge of the functional element is not distracting when looking through the windshield.
  • Such an edge seal is preferably also used for side edges that are not visible, for example for roof windows or on the edge areas of the windshield that are concealed by masking pressure.
  • the functional element is surrounded all round by a thermoplastic frame film.
  • the frame film is designed like a frame with a recess into which the functional element is inserted.
  • the thermoplastic frame film can be formed by a thermoplastic film into which the cutout has been made by cutting.
  • the thermoplastic frame film can also be composed of several film sections around the functional element.
  • the intermediate layer is thus formed from a total of at least three thermoplastic composite films arranged flat on one another, the frame film having a recess in the middle layer in which the functional element is arranged.
  • thermoplastic frame film is arranged between the first and the second thermoplastic composite film, the side edges of all thermoplastic films preferably being in register.
  • the thermoplastic frame film preferably has approximately the same thickness as the functional element. This compensates for the local difference in thickness of the composite pane, which is introduced by the localized functional element, so that glass breakage during lamination can be avoided.
  • the side edges of the functional element which are visible through the composite pane are preferably arranged flush with the thermoplastic frame film, so that there is no gap between the side edge of the functional element and the associated side edge of the thermoplastic frame film. This applies in particular to the lower edge of a functional element as a sun visor of a windshield, in which this edge is typically visible.
  • the border between thermoplastic frame film and functional element is optically less noticeable.
  • the controllable functional element comprises an active layer between a first surface electrode and a second surface electrode.
  • the active layer has the controllable optical properties, which can be controlled via the voltage applied to the surface electrodes.
  • the surface electrodes and the active layer are typically substantially parallel to the surfaces of the first disk and the second disk arranged.
  • the surface electrodes are electrically conductively connected to busbars, via which the functional element can be connected to an external voltage source.
  • the bus bars are connected to the surface electrodes, for example as strips of an electrically conductive material or electrically conductive imprints.
  • the busbars are preferably designed as electrically conductive overprints comprising silver.
  • the two surface electrodes of the functional element are each formed by an electrically conductive layer.
  • These electrically conductive layers contain at least one metal, a metal alloy or a transparent conductive oxide, preferably a transparent conductive oxide, and have a thickness of 10 nm to 2 pm.
  • the surface electrodes are preferably transparent.
  • Transparent here means transparent for electromagnetic radiation, preferably electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 300 nm to 1,300 nm and in particular for visible light.
  • Electrically conductive layers according to the invention are known, for example, from DE 20 2008 017 61 1 U1, EP 0 847 965 B1 or WO2012 / 052315 A1. They typically contain one or more, for example two, three or four, electrically conductive, functional individual layers.
  • the functional individual layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and / or chromium, or a metal alloy.
  • the functional individual layers particularly preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal.
  • the functional individual layers can consist of the metal or the metal alloy.
  • the functional individual layers particularly preferably contain silver or a silver-containing alloy.
  • Such functional individual layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity with simultaneous high transmission in the visible spectral range.
  • the thickness of a functional single layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. In this thickness range, an advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved.
  • the surface electrodes can be formed by any electrically conductive layer that can be electrically contacted.
  • the electrical contacting of the busbars with an external power source is realized by means of suitable connecting cables, for example foil conductors.
  • suitable external control elements are known to the person skilled in the art for controlling the individual segments.
  • the electrical control of the functional element takes place, for example, by means of buttons, rotary or slide controls, which are integrated, for example, in the fittings of a vehicle.
  • a button for regulation can also be integrated in the composite pane, for example a capacitive button.
  • the functional element can also be controlled by non-contact methods, for example by recognizing gestures, or depending on the state of the pupil or eyelid ascertained by a camera and suitable evaluation electronics.
  • Automobile glazing in particular windshields, rear windows and roof windows, usually have a peripheral peripheral cover print made from an opaque enamel, which is used in particular to protect and visually mask the adhesive used to install the window pane.
  • This peripheral masking print is preferably used to cover the edges of the functional element, which are located in the edge area of the glazing.
  • the busbars and the necessary electrical connections are also attached in the area of the masking pressure.
  • the functional element is advantageously integrated into the appearance of the composite pane.
  • At least the outer pane preferably has such a cover pressure, particularly preferably both the inner pane and the outer pane are printed, so that the view from both sides is prevented.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a motor vehicle glazing which has a composite pane according to the above-described embodiments.
  • the motor vehicle glazing can form a vehicle window, a windshield with a sun visor, a panorama window, a sliding roof window, a glass roof, a rear window, or a rear or front side window.
  • it is a windshield with a functional element as a sun visor with electrically controllable optical properties or a roof window with a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties.
  • Fig. 1 a is a schematic perspective view of the vertical
  • FIG. 1 b shows a schematic perspective illustration of oblique light incidence on a PDLC composite pane
  • Fig. 2a is a sectional view of the incidence of V-polarized light on a PDLC composite pane
  • 2b is a sectional view of the incidence of H-polarized light on one
  • FIG. 3a shows a sectional illustration of a PDLC composite pane according to a first
  • 3b shows a sectional illustration of a PDLC composite pane according to a second
  • FIG. 4a shows a sectional illustration of a PDLC composite pane according to a third
  • FIG. 4b shows a sectional illustration of a PDLC composite pane according to a fourth
  • FIG. 1 a and 1 b are schematic perspective representations, each illustrating the vertical and oblique incidence of light on a composite pane 1 with a PDLC layer as the active layer 10.
  • the composite pane 1 has an outer surface a and an inner surface i. The light comes from the outer surface a.
  • the PDLC layer as the active layer 10 has two electrically conductive layers functioning as surface electrodes with an interposed polymer matrix with embedded liquid crystal droplets.
  • the surface electrodes are applied to the carrier films 11 of the polymer matrix.
  • the surface electrodes can contain transparent, conductive oxides (TCO) such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony or fluorine-doped tin oxide (Sn0 2 : F), gallium-doped zinc oxide or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO: AI).
  • TCO transparent, conductive oxides
  • ITO tin-doped indium oxide
  • Sn0 2 : F antimony or fluorine-doped tin oxide
  • ZnO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
  • the thickness of the surface electrodes is preferably in a range between 10 nm and 2 pm, in particular 50 to 100 nm.
  • the surface electrodes can also be designed as TCC (transparent conductive coating), that is to say as a transparent metal layer, preferably a thin layer or a stack of thin layers, which comprise metal layers.
  • Suitable metals are, for example, Ag, Al, Pd, Cu, Pd, Pt, In, Mo, Au, Ni, Cr, W.
  • the thicknesses of the individual layers are preferably in a range between 2 and 50 nm.
  • the liquid crystals embedded in the polymer matrix are aligned and the PDLC layer becomes transparent. With no voltage applied, the liquid crystals within the liquid crystal droplets are randomly oriented and the PDLC layer becomes opaque.
  • a voltage is present at the PDLC layer shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b as the active layer 10, so that the liquid crystals are aligned, as indicated by arrows in the active layer 10.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystals is the ordinary refractive index n o .
  • the ordinary refractive index n o of the liquid crystals is matched to the refractive index of the surrounding polymer matrix n p . The perpendicularly incident light thus experiences no or minimal scattering on the PDLC layer.
  • Fig. 1 b shows the case for oblique incidence of light.
  • the plane of incidence of light is the plane which contains the incident light beam and its projection onto the composite pane 1, which is identified by the reference symbol V.
  • Light that is polarized in this plane is called V-polarized light.
  • the light beam shown in FIG. 1 b is V-polarized and strikes the active layer 10 at an angle of incidence Q.
  • FIG. 2a shows a sectional illustration in the plane of incidence of V-polarized light which strikes a composite pane 1 with a PDLC layer as the active layer 10.
  • the polarization of the light is indicated by arrows. It can be seen that V-polarized light is not polarized perpendicular to the axis along which the liquid crystal molecules are aligned.
  • the refractive index n eff of the liquid crystal molecules varies with the angle of incidence Q in accordance with the formula below, the value n o being assumed for perpendicular incidence of light and the value n e for tangential incidence of light.
  • H-polarized light is polarized perpendicular to the axis along which the liquid crystal molecules are aligned, regardless of the angle of incidence Q.
  • the refractive index of the liquid crystals for H-polarized light is always n o , so there is no angle-dependent scatter on the PDLC layer.
  • a polarizer layer is arranged between the outer surface a of the composite pane 1 and the active layer 10, which linearly H-polarizes light incident from the outer surface a, no angle-dependent scatter occurs when the angle of incidence Q is varied in the plane of incidence, since the V -polarized light is suppressed.
  • the white veil which occurs when viewing the composite pane 1 with PDLC layer from the inside I at an oblique angle, is suppressed.
  • FIG. 3a shows a sectional illustration of a composite pane 1 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the composite pane 1 has an inner pane 13 and an outer pane 14.
  • the inner pane 13 has an inner side III and an outer side IV, while the outer pane 14 comprises an inner side II and an outer side I.
  • the inside III of the inner pane 13 is connected to the inside II of the outer pane 14 via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 12.
  • the outside I of the outside pane 14 represents the outer surface a of the glazing facing the vehicle surroundings, while the outside IV of the inside pane 13 forms the inside surface i, which points in the direction of the vehicle interior.
  • a functional element 16 is embedded within the thermoplastic intermediate layer 12, which comprises an active layer 10, which is formed by a PDLC layer.
  • the active layer 10 is surrounded on both sides by a carrier film 11.
  • an electrically conductive layer as a surface electrode (not shown) via which a voltage can be applied to the active layer.
  • thermoplastic A polarizer layer 15 is inserted between the intermediate layer 12.
  • the functional element 16 and the polarizer layer 15 are connected to the panes 13, 14 via the thermoplastic composite films 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 12, the first thermoplastic composite film 12.1 connecting the functional element 16 to the inside III of the inner pane 13, the second thermoplastic Composite film 12.2 connects the polarizer layer 15 to the inside II of the outer pane 14 and the polarizer layer 15 is connected to the functional element 16 via a further thermoplastic composite film 12.3.
  • the polarizer layer 15 is located between the active layer 10 and the outer glass pane 14 between two thermoplastic composite films 12.2, 12.3.
  • the carrier films 11 serve to stabilize the active layer 10. They are preferably polymeric layers. They preferably contain at least one thermoplastic polymer.
  • the two protective layers can contain, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene or mixtures thereof .
  • the carrier films 1 1 PET layers are particularly preferred. This choice is particularly advantageous for the stabilization of the active layer 10.
  • the thickness of each carrier film 11, in particular a PET carrier film can for example be in the range from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm lie.
  • the inner pane 13 faces the vehicle interior, while the outer pane 14 faces the vehicle exterior.
  • the inner pane 13 and the outer pane 14 can consist of the same material or of different materials.
  • the inner pane and the outer pane can be made of inorganic glass and / or organic glass (polymers).
  • the inner pane 13 and / or the outer pane 14 preferably contains glass and / or polymers, preferably flat glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, alkali ialum inosilicate glass, polycarbonate and / or polymethacrylate.
  • the inner pane 13 and the outer pane 14 are preferably made of soda-lime glass.
  • the inner pane 13 and the outer pane 14 can have the same thickness or different thicknesses.
  • the inner disc 13 and the The outer pane 14 independently of one another has a thickness in the range from 0.4 mm to 5.0 mm, for example 0.4 mm to 3.9 mm, preferably 1.6 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • the outer pane 14 is preferably thicker than or the same thickness as the inner pane 13.
  • the inner pane 13 and / or the outer pane 14 can be clear or tinted. Tinted windows are preferably gray or dark gray.
  • the inner pane 13 and / or the outer pane 14 can have further suitable coatings known per se, for example non-stick coatings, tinted coatings, anti-scratch coatings or low-E coatings.
  • An example of coated glass is low-E glass (low emissivity glass).
  • Low-E glasses are commercially available and coated with one or more metal layers.
  • the metal coating is very thin, for example it has a thickness of approximately 10 nm to 200 nm, for example approximately 100 nm.
  • the coating is preferably located on one of the inner sides I I, I II of the panes 13, 14.
  • the inner pane 13 and / or the outer pane 14 preferably have a low-E coating, with particular preference only the inner pane 13 having a low-E coating.
  • thermoplastic composite films 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 of the thermoplastic intermediate layer 12 serve to connect the other layers to form a firm composite.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 12 contains a thermoplastic polymer. The following information relates independently of one another to all of these one or more thermoplastic composite films of the intermediate layer 12, unless stated otherwise.
  • the thermoplastic composite films 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 can be the same or different.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer 12 As a rule, corresponding commercially available laminating films are used as the starting material for forming the thermoplastic intermediate layer 12. They serve to glue or laminate the components of the composite pane 1 in order to maintain the adhesive glass composite.
  • the thermoplastic composite films 12.1, 12.2, 12.3 can, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, Contain acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and / or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene and / or a mixture and / or a copolymer thereof.
  • the lamination layers 12 preferably contain polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, and / or mixtures thereof and / or copolymers thereof, PVB lamination layers being preferred.
  • thermoplastic composite films 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, preferably PVB laminating layers preferably have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm, before lamination.
  • the polarizer layer 15 transmits only linearly polarized light with H polarization.
  • Conventional linear polarization filters can be used for the polarizer layer, for example thin-film polarizers, filters with a linear dichroic material such as an anisotropic polymer layer, deformed metallic nanoparticles, or a metal polarizer.
  • FIG. 3b shows a sectional illustration of a composite pane 1 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 3b essentially corresponds to that described in FIG. 3a.
  • the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3b differs, however, in that the carrier film of the active PDLC layer 10 is formed on the side facing the inner side II of the outer pane 14 by a carrier film 11 with a polarizer layer 15.
  • a polarizer layer to be provided as an independent layer and the thermoplastic composite film 12.3 of the first exemplary embodiment used to connect it can thus be omitted.
  • the composite pane 1 can thus be constructed from fewer layers.
  • a polarizer layer 15 can also be provided between the inner pane 13 and the functional element 16.
  • a polarizer layer 15 is used for the depolarization of light. Both polarizer layers 15 can be used either individually or in combination with one another.
  • FIG. 4a shows a sectional illustration of a composite pane 1 according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the basic structure corresponds to that described in FIG. 3a.
  • the layer stack between active layer 10 and outer pane 14 is identical to the first exemplary embodiment (FIG. 3a).
  • a polarizer layer 15 is arranged between the first thermoplastic composite film 12.1 and a further thermoplastic composite film 12.3 depolarized.
  • depolarized light is light that is not linearly polarized, that is to say circularly or elliptically polarized light.
  • the depolarization can be brought about, for example, by multiple scattering of the linearly polarized light when passing through an inhomogeneous, non-absorbing medium.
  • a lambda quarter layer is used for the depolarization, for example, which converts the linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.
  • FIG. 4b shows a sectional illustration of a composite pane 1 according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the structure essentially corresponds to that described in FIG. 3b.
  • the layer structure of the composite pane 1 of FIG. 4b between the active layer 10 and the outer pane 14 is identical to the structure according to FIG. 3b.
  • the carrier film 11 of the active layer 10 is formed on the inside II I of the inner pane 13 by a carrier film 11 with a polarizer layer 15.
  • This polarizer layer depolarizes the light incident from the outer surface a.
  • the number of layers in the composite pane 1 can in turn be reduced, since a polarizer layer designed as an independent element for depolarization and the thermoplastic composite film 12.3 necessary for its integration are eliminated.
  • the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above. It is also possible to combine the described exemplary embodiments, for example in such a way that the polarizer layer 15 for generating linearly polarized light according to the first and third exemplary embodiments is arranged between two thermoplastic composite films, while the polarizer layer used for depolarization is arranged according to the fourth exemplary embodiment by means of a carrier film 1 1 of the active layer 10 is formed with an integrated polarizer layer 15.
  • the structure of the composite pane 1 between the inner surface i and the active layer 10 can be configured in accordance with the third exemplary embodiment, but the polarizer layer for generation linearly polarized light according to the second embodiment can be provided in the carrier film 11 of the PDLC element with polarizer layer 15.
  • the composite pane 1 can also have one or more additional functional layers between the inner pane 13 and the outer pane 14.
  • additional functional layers for example, acoustic foils or IR-reflecting (infrared-reflecting) foils or layers having such foils can be used in the composite pane.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une vitre feuilletée (1) pour un vitrage de véhicule à moteur, comprenant une surface intérieure i et une surface extérieure a, présentant un élément fonctionnel (6) avec couche active (10) et une couche de polarisation (15), qui est agencée entre la couche active (10) et la surface extérieure a et/ou la surface intérieure i et qui est conçue pour modifier la direction de polarisation de la lumière transmise. La vitre feuilletée selon l'invention dispose de propriétés optiques nettement améliorées. En particulier, les propriétés de transmission en cas de lumière incidente oblique sont nettement améliorées.
PCT/EP2019/074391 2018-10-24 2019-09-12 Vitre feuilletée comprenant un élément fonctionnel doté de propriétés optiques pouvant être commandées électriquement et image optique améliorée WO2020083561A1 (fr)

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CN201980003630.5A CN111356589A (zh) 2018-10-24 2019-09-12 包括具有可电控光学性能的功能元件且具有改进的光学外观的复合玻璃板

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WO2022122467A1 (fr) 2020-12-07 2022-06-16 Saint-Gobain Glass France Panneau composite ayant une transmission sélective localement commutable

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WO2022122467A1 (fr) 2020-12-07 2022-06-16 Saint-Gobain Glass France Panneau composite ayant une transmission sélective localement commutable
DE202021004210U1 (de) 2020-12-07 2023-02-01 Saint-Gobain Glass France Verbundscheibe mit abschnittsweise einstellbarer selektiver Transmission

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