WO2020082550A1 - 电机定子及其线圈绕制方法、电机及其工作方法、家用电器及其工作方法 - Google Patents

电机定子及其线圈绕制方法、电机及其工作方法、家用电器及其工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020082550A1
WO2020082550A1 PCT/CN2018/121817 CN2018121817W WO2020082550A1 WO 2020082550 A1 WO2020082550 A1 WO 2020082550A1 CN 2018121817 W CN2018121817 W CN 2018121817W WO 2020082550 A1 WO2020082550 A1 WO 2020082550A1
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Prior art keywords
coil
switch
motor
enameled wire
phase
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PCT/CN2018/121817
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈彬
许金鑫
黄海良
张敏
肖胜宇
刘丽刚
唐林
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Application filed by 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Publication of WO2020082550A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020082550A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/30—Driving arrangements 
    • D06F37/304—Arrangements or adaptations of electric motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/08—Forming windings by laying conductors into or around core parts
    • H02K15/085—Forming windings by laying conductors into or around core parts by laying conductors into slotted stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of motors, and in particular, to a motor stator and a coil winding method of the motor stator.
  • a motor and a home appliance using the motor stator are also provided.
  • a working method of the motor and a working method of the home appliance are also provided.
  • the washing machine is a commonly used household appliance.
  • the washing machine in the related art is usually provided with a washing tub, and the washing tub is rotated by a motor. Since the washing machine has many different working states, for example, working in the washing mode or in the dehydration mode.
  • the rotation speed of the washing tub is slow. Due to the large amount of water absorbed by the clothes in the washing tub and the large amount of water in the washing tub, the load of the motor is heavy.
  • the washing machine works in the dehydration mode the rotation speed of the washing tub is faster. At this time, there is less water in the washing tub, and the load of the motor is lighter. Therefore, the motor used in the washing machine has many different working states, such as a high-speed low-load state and a low-speed high-load state.
  • the motor used in the washing machine is usually a three-phase motor.
  • This motor has a motor stator.
  • the stator includes a stator core, and a three-phase coil is wound on the stator core.
  • the coils of the three-phase motor in the related art are mainly wound by distributed winding, but the ends of the coils made by the distributed winding are higher, the resistance of the coil is higher, and the performance of the motor is not ideal. People began to consider winding coils in a concentrated winding.
  • the method of concentrated winding is to wind a coil on a full-round stator core.
  • This winding method can use a nozzle to reciprocate on the stator core and quickly wind the coil.
  • the advantage of this winding method is that the end of the coil is low, which reduces the resistance of the coil and improves the performance of the motor.
  • the motor stator 10 in the related art has a ring-shaped stator core 11, and the stator core includes a yoke portion 12 and a tooth portion provided radially outward of the yoke portion 12.
  • the tooth portion includes a plurality of pole teeth 13, and a coil 14 is wound on the pole teeth 13.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the stator of a motor wound with a one-phase coil.
  • the three-phase motor is provided with three-phase coils, and each phase coil includes sub-coils, such as sub-coils 15, wound on different pole teeth 13.
  • a plurality of sub-coils 15 of the same phase coil are connected in series with each other, for example, through a wire 16.
  • each phase coil is provided with an incoming wire and an outgoing wire 17 for connecting an external power supply.
  • the motor Since the working characteristics of the motor of the washing machine are in the state of low speed and heavy load in the washing mode, the motor needs to have the highest possible back electromotive force and reduce the winding current to reduce losses and improve efficiency.
  • the motor current In the dehydration mode, due to weak magnetic control, the motor current is large and low resistance is required to reduce losses and improve efficiency.
  • the motor of the washing machine needs to take into account both the washing and dehydration working modes.
  • the motor back EMF In order to achieve the required dehydration speed of the motor after the field weakening control, the motor back EMF is often designed to be small, resulting in efficiency under washing conditions Very low, affecting the overall energy consumption.
  • the spin speed In addition, in order to balance the load capacity and efficiency of washing, the spin speed cannot be high, which makes it difficult for the washing machine to achieve a high spin rate.
  • some motors in the related art are provided with two sets of coils for each phase coil, that is, two sets of coils are wound on the stator core.
  • two sets of coils are connected in series to increase the back electromotive force.
  • the two sets of coils are connected in parallel to reduce the weak magnetic current of the coils and improve the efficiency of the motor.
  • the number of turns of the first layer coil is equal to the number of turns of the second layer coil.
  • the total length of the second-layer coil is greater than the total length of the first-layer coil, which results in unequal resistance of the two groups of coils. This situation leads to differences in the electrical performance of the two sets of coils.
  • the back electromotive forces formed by the two sets of coils are not equal.
  • the resistance of the two sets of coils is not equal and will not have a big impact on the operation of the motor.
  • the resistance of the two sets of coils is not equal, so that the resistance value after parallel connection is not half of the resistance value of the set of coils, resulting in different inductance and back electromotive force of the two sets of coils when the motor is running. It affects the electrical performance of the motor, which in turn causes abnormal motor drive and affects the normal operation of the motor. For example, abnormal vibration and insufficient output power may occur during the operation of the motor.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a motor stator and its coil winding method, a motor and its working method, a home appliance and its working method, which are conducive to the stable operation of the motor.
  • a motor stator including:
  • stator core having a yoke and pole teeth
  • a coil wound on the pole teeth includes a first coil and a second coil, the first coil is wound on the peripheral wall of the pole teeth, and the second coil is wound on the first
  • a first switch is connected between the first end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil, and the second end of the first coil and the second end of the second coil
  • a second switch is connected between the two ends, and a third switch is connected between the second end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil;
  • the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is smaller than the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil; and / or the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is greater than that of the enameled wire of the second coil.
  • the difference between the resistance value of the first coil and the resistance value of the second coil is within a preset range, and the preset range is -7% to + 7%.
  • the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the resistivity of the enameled wire of the second coil
  • the ratio of the length of the first coil to the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil Is the first ratio
  • the ratio of the length of the second coil to the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil is the second ratio
  • the difference between the first ratio and the second ratio is relative to the first ratio
  • a ratio is within a preset range, and the preset range is -7% to + 7%.
  • the diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil
  • the product of the length of the first coil and the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is The first product
  • the product of the length of the second coil and the resistivity of the enameled wire of the second coil is the second product
  • the difference between the first product and the second product is relative to the first product
  • the preset range is -7% to + 7%.
  • the preset range is -3% to + 3%.
  • a motor stator which includes a stator core having a yoke and pole teeth, and a coil is wound on the pole teeth; wherein, the coil includes a first coil and a second coil, the first The coil is wound on the peripheral wall of the pole tooth, the second coil is wound radially outward of the first coil, a first switch is connected between the first end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil, the first coil A second switch is connected between the second end of the second coil and the second end of the second coil, and a third switch is connected between the second end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil; and, the enameled wire of the first coil The wire diameter of is smaller than the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil; and / or the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is greater than that of the enameled wire of the second coil.
  • Another motor stator includes a stator core having a yoke portion and pole teeth, and a coil is wound on the pole teeth; wherein, the coil includes a first coil and a second coil, and the first coil is wound on On the peripheral wall of the pole teeth, the second coil is wound radially outside the first coil, and the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is smaller than the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil; and / or the resistance of the enameled wire of the first coil The rate is greater than the resistivity of the enameled wire of the second coil.
  • the resistance value of the first coil and the second coil is adjusted,
  • the resistance values of the two sets of coils can be made substantially equal. In this way, when the first switch and the second switch are closed and the third switch is opened, the first coil and the second coil are connected in parallel. Since the resistance value of the first coil and the second coil are substantially equal, this can ensure two groups The inductance and back electromotive force of the coil are basically equal, and the operation of the motor is stable, which is also conducive to the drive of the motor.
  • the resistance value of the first coil and the resistance value of the second coil are within a preset range, such as within ⁇ 7%. In this way, it can be ensured that when the first coil and the second coil are connected in parallel, the inductance and back electromotive force of the first coil and the second coil are substantially equal, and the stability of the motor operation is improved.
  • the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the resistivity of the enameled wire of the second coil
  • the ratio of the length of the first coil to the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is the first ratio
  • the second The ratio of the length of the coil to the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil is the second ratio
  • the difference between the first ratio and the second ratio is within a preset range relative to the first ratio.
  • the first ratio is equal to the second ratio.
  • the diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil
  • the product of the length of the first coil and the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is the first product
  • the second coil The product of the length and the resistivity of the enameled wire of the second coil is the second product.
  • the difference between the first product and the second product is within a preset range relative to the first product.
  • the first product is equal to the second product.
  • the resistance value of the coil is related to the square of the wire diameter and the resistivity of the enameled wire, setting the ratio between the wire diameter and the resistivity of the two groups of coils can ensure that the resistance value of the first coil is equal to the resistance value of the second coil .
  • the coils are more than two phases, and the first sub-coil is wound on the pole tooth corresponding to each phase coil, and the second sub-coil is wound radially outward of the first sub-coil.
  • a plurality of first sub-coils are connected in series to form a first coil, and a plurality of second sub-coils of the same phase coil are connected in series to form a second coil.
  • each phase coil includes the first coil and the second coil, which can ensure that the resistance values of the two sets of coils of each phase coil of the three-phase motor are basically equal, and can ensure the three-phase motor Stability of operation.
  • a coil winding method of a motor stator is provided, the motor stator has a stator core, and the stator core has a yoke and pole teeth; wherein, the method includes: using concentrated winding on the teeth Wind the first coil and use a concentrated winding method to wind the second coil radially outward of the first coil; connect the first end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil to the two ends of the first switch respectively End, connect the second end of the first coil and the second end of the second coil to the two ends of the second switch, and connect the second end of the first coil and the first end of the second coil to the third switch, respectively Both ends of the wire; wherein, the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is smaller than the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil; and / or the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is greater than that of the enameled wire of the second coil.
  • the first coil and the second coil are wound by means of concentrated winding, which can reduce the resistance of the coil, thereby improving the performance of the motor, and the first coil and the second coil are successively two After the secondary winding is completed, the winding process of the coil is simple, which reduces the production cost of the motor.
  • the coil is more than two phases; winding the first coil includes: winding the first sub-coil of the phase on the pole teeth corresponding to each phase coil, and the plurality of first sub-coils of the same phase are mutually Series connection; winding the second coil includes: after the winding of the first coil of each phase is completed, the second sub-coil of the phase is wound radially outside the first sub-coil of each phase, and multiple The two sub-coils are connected in series.
  • each phase coil is wound with the corresponding first coil and second coil respectively, which can ensure that each phase coil can be in a working state where two sets of coils are connected in series or two sets of coils in parallel, thereby ensuring the balance of the three-phase coils To avoid unsteady operation of the motor due to unbalanced three-phase coils.
  • a motor including a stator and a rotor, the stator being the above-mentioned motor stator.
  • a method for operating the above motor includes: in a first operating mode, the first switch and the second switch are closed, the third switch is opened, and the first coil and the second coil are connected in parallel ; In the second working mode, the first switch and the second switch are opened, the third switch is closed, the first coil and the second coil are connected in series; wherein, in the first working mode, the speed of the motor rotor is higher than in the second working Speed in mode.
  • the electrical connection relationship between the first coil and the second coil is different in different working modes of the motor, such as the first coil and the second coil being connected in parallel in the first working mode, and the first coil in the second working mode It is connected in series with the second coil, which can meet the working conditions of different speeds and loads.
  • a household appliance which includes a housing in which the above-mentioned motor is disposed.
  • a working method of the above household appliance which includes that in a first working mode, the first switch of the motor is closed with the second switch, the third switch is opened, and the first coil and the second coil are connected in parallel ; In the second working mode, the first switch of the motor is disconnected from the second switch, the third switch is closed, and the first coil and the second coil are connected in series; Speed in two working modes.
  • the household appliance is a washing machine
  • the first working mode is a dehydration mode
  • the second working mode is a washing mode
  • the first coil and the second coil are connected in parallel, so that the rotation speed of the motor is high, which meets the requirements of the spin-drying work.
  • the first coil and the second coil are connected in series, and the rotation speed of the motor is low, but it can bear a higher load to meet the working requirements of the washing mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a one-phase coil is wound by a motor stator in the related art.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a one-phase coil wound by a motor stator in the related art.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of winding a one-phase coil according to some embodiments of the motor stator of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded schematic view of a one-phase coil wound according to some embodiments of the motor stator of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the electrical connection between a three-phase coil and a switch group in some embodiments of a motor stator according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of some embodiments of a working method of a household appliance according to the present disclosure.
  • first”, “second” and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different parts. Similar words such as “include” or “include” mean that the elements before the word cover the elements listed after the word, and do not exclude the possibility of covering other elements. “Up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, etc. are only used to indicate the relative positional relationship. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
  • a specific device when it is described that a specific device is located between the first device and the second device, there may or may not be an intervening device between the specific device and the first device or the second device.
  • the specific device When it is described that a specific device is connected to another device, the specific device may be directly connected to the other device without intervening devices, or may be directly connected to the other device without intervening devices.
  • the motor of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a stator and a rotor, and the home appliance may be an electric appliance such as a washing machine, and the above-mentioned motor is provided in the home appliance. Moreover, the coils of the motor can be carried out in a concentrated winding manner to improve the performance of the motor.
  • Embodiment of motor stator and its coil winding method :
  • the electric machine includes a stator and a rotor.
  • the stator 20 includes a stator core 21, and the stator core 21 includes an annular yoke portion 22, and a tooth portion is provided on the radially outer side of the yoke portion 22.
  • the tooth portion of this embodiment includes a plurality of pole teeth 23.
  • the number of pole teeth 23 may be an integer multiple of three, such as 36.
  • the motor is an outer rotor motor, that is, the rotor is disposed radially outward of the stator 20, correspondingly, the yoke 22 of the stator 20 is located radially inward of the motor, and the pole teeth 23 are located radially outward of the yoke 22 .
  • the teeth of the stator 20 are wound with coils, and each pole tooth 23 is wound with two layers of coils.
  • the first coil 30 is wound on the peripheral wall of the pole tooth 23, and the second coil 35 is wound radially outward of the first coil 30.
  • the pole teeth 23 of the stator structure are wound with U-phase coils. Since the U-phase coil corresponds to a plurality of pole teeth 23, the corresponding first coil 30 and second coil 35 need to be wound on the pole teeth 23 corresponding to the U-phase.
  • the first coil of each phase may include multiple first sub-coils
  • the second coil of each phase may include multiple second sub-coils.
  • a U-phase first sub-coil 31 is wound on one pole tooth 23, for example, the first sub-coil 31 is wound on the peripheral wall of the pole tooth 23 shown in FIG. 4. Since the pole teeth 23 have a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, the first sub coil 31 wound on the peripheral wall of the pole teeth 23 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the plurality of first sub-coils of the coil of the same phase are connected in series with each other. As shown in FIG. 4, two adjacent first sub-coils 31 are connected to each other through a wire 32.
  • the stator core 21 may further be provided with a wire passage 24, and the wire 32 may pass through the wire groove 24.
  • an incoming wire 33 may be provided on one of the plurality of first sub-coils 31, and an outgoing wire 34 is provided on the other first sub-coil 31.
  • the external alternating current flows into the U-phase first coil through the incoming line 33, and after passing through each first sub-coil 31 of the first coil, flows out from the outgoing line 34.
  • the second coil 35 of each phase is wound.
  • the second coil 35 of each phase coil is composed of multiple second sub-coils 36 connected in series, for example, the second coil 35 of the U-phase coil includes multiple second sub-coils 36.
  • the second sub-coil 36 is located outside the first sub-coil 31.
  • the number of turns of the first sub-coil 31 is equal to the number of turns of the second sub-coil 36, but since the second sub-coil 36 is located radially outward of the first sub-coil 31, the second sub-coil The total length of 36 is larger than the total length of the first sub-coil 31.
  • the plurality of second sub-coils 36 of the same phase coil are also connected in series, for example, the plurality of second sub-coils 36 of the U-phase coil are connected in series.
  • the two adjacent second sub-coils 36 are connected by a wire 37.
  • the wire 37 may also pass through the wire groove 24.
  • one second sub-coil 36 is provided with an incoming wire 38
  • the other second sub-coil 36 is provided with an outgoing wire 39. External AC power flows from the incoming wire 38 into the second coil and out of the outgoing wire 39 .
  • the first coil 30 and the second coil 35 of the same phase coil are electrically connected in series or parallel through a plurality of switches.
  • the first switch K11 a second switch K21 is connected between the second end of the first coil U1 of the U-phase coil and the second end of the second coil U2, and the second end of the first coil U1 and the second coil U2
  • a third switch K31 is connected between the first ends.
  • the first switch K11 and the second switch K21 can be closed at the same time, and the third switch K31 can be opened. At this time, the first coil U1 and the second coil U2 are connected in parallel. In the second operating mode, the first switch K11 and the second switch K21 are open, and the third switch K31 is closed. At this time, the first coil U1 and the second coil U2 are connected in series.
  • the V-phase coil also includes a first coil V1 and a second coil V2.
  • a first switch K12 is connected between the first end of the first coil V1 and the first end of the second coil V2.
  • a second switch K22 is connected between the two ends and the second end of the second coil V2, and a third switch K32 is connected between the second end of the first coil V1 and the first end of the second coil V2.
  • the first switch K12 and the second switch K22 can be closed at the same time, and the third switch K32 can be opened. At this time, the first coil V1 and the second coil V2 are connected in parallel. In the second operating mode, the first switch K12 and the second switch K22 are open, and the third switch K32 is closed. At this time, the first coil V1 and the second coil V2 are connected in series.
  • the W-phase coil also includes a first coil W1 and a second coil W2.
  • a first switch K13 is connected between the first end of the first coil W1 and the first end of the second coil W2.
  • a second switch K23 is connected between the two ends and the second end of the second coil W2, and a third switch K33 is connected between the second end of the first coil W1 and the first end of the second coil W2.
  • the first switch K13 and the second switch K23 can be closed at the same time, and the third switch K33 can be opened. At this time, the first coil W1 and the second coil W2 are connected in parallel. In the second operating mode, the first switch K13 and the second switch K23 are open, and the third switch K33 is closed. At this time, the first coil W1 and the second coil W2 are connected in series.
  • the plurality of first switches K11, K12, K13 can be opened or closed simultaneously, and the plurality of second switches K21, K22, K23 can be opened or closed simultaneously, and the plurality of third switches K31, K32, K33 can also be opened or closed at the same time.
  • the U-phase first coil U1 and the second coil U2 are connected in parallel
  • the V-phase first coil V1 and the second coil V2 are also connected in parallel
  • the W-phase first coil W1 and the second coil W2 are also connected in parallel.
  • the first coil and the second coil of the three-phase coil may be in the series state at the same time or in the parallel state at the same time.
  • the first switches K11, K12, K13, the second switches K21, K22, K23 and the third switches K31, K32, K33 are soft switches, such as transistors or electrically controllable switches such as MOS transistors, IGBTs, etc. Device.
  • a switching device such as a transistor
  • the switching device can be controlled to turn on or off, that is, to achieve a change in the switching state, for example, the switching device is closed when it is in an on-state.
  • the inductance of the first coil is different from that of the second coil, and the back electromotive force formed on the first coil and the back electromotive force formed on the second coil when the motor is running are not equal, which affects the stability of the motor operation.
  • the first The resistance values of the first coil and the second coil are such that the resistance values of the first coil and the second coil are substantially equal.
  • the resistance value of the coil is directly proportional to the length and resistivity of the coil enameled wire and inversely proportional to the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire (diameter of the enameled wire cross-section), for this reason, the wire of the enameled wire of the first coil located in the inner layer
  • the diameter is smaller than the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil located on the outer layer, or the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil located on the inner layer can be made greater than that of the enameled wire of the second coil located on the outer layer.
  • the first coil can be wound with an enameled wire with a smaller wire diameter
  • the second coil can be wound with an enameled wire with a larger wire diameter
  • the first coil can be wound with an enameled wire with a larger resistivity.
  • the second coil is wound with a small enameled wire.
  • the wire diameter and the resistivity of the enameled wires of the two coils can be adjusted at the same time, that is, the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is smaller than the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil located on the outer layer, and the first coil located on the inner layer
  • the resistivity of the enameled wire is greater than the resistivity of the enameled wire of the second coil located on the outer layer.
  • the resistance value of the first coil is substantially equal to the resistance value of the second coil, and other electrical parameters such as inductance and back electromotive force are also substantially equal.
  • the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the resistivity of the enameled wire of the second coil
  • the ratio of the length of the first coil to the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the length of the second coil and the second coil The ratio of the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire.
  • the diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil
  • the product of the length of the first coil and the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the length of the second coil and the The product of the resistivity of the enameled wire.
  • the difference between the resistance value of the first coil and the resistance value of the second coil is within a preset range, for example, the difference between the resistance value of the first coil and the resistance value of the second coil is the resistance value of the first coil Within ⁇ 7%, that is, the preset range is -7% to + 7%, it can be considered that the resistance value of the first coil is substantially equal to the resistance value of the second coil.
  • the preset range may be ⁇ 5% or even ⁇ 3%, that is, the preset range is the preset range of -5% to + 5%, or even -3% to + 3%. In this way, the difference between the resistance value of the first coil and the resistance value of the second coil is smaller, which is more conducive to the operation of the motor.
  • the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the resistivity of the enameled wire of the second coil
  • the ratio of the length of the first coil to the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is the first ratio
  • the second coil The ratio of the length of to the square of the wire diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil is the second ratio
  • the difference between the first ratio and the second ratio is within the above-mentioned preset range relative to the ratio of the first step.
  • the diameter of the enameled wire of the first coil is equal to the diameter of the enameled wire of the second coil
  • the product of the length of the first coil and the resistivity of the enameled wire of the first coil is the first product
  • the length of the second coil is the second
  • the product of the resistivity of the enameled wire of the coil is the second product
  • the difference between the first product and the second product is within the above-mentioned preset range relative to the first product.
  • the motor stator 20 may use a concentrated winding method to wind the coils, that is, when winding the coils of the motor stator 20, the first coils of each phase are separately wound first, and the first coils of each phase are wound. After the system is completed, the second coil of each phase is separately wound.
  • the U-phase first coil 30 is wound first, such as the corresponding first sub-coil 31 is wound on each pole tooth 23 corresponding to U.
  • the V-phase first sub-coil is wound on the pole tooth 23 corresponding to V.
  • the winding method of the V-phase first sub-coil is the same as the winding method of the U-phase first sub-coil.
  • the first coil of the W phase is wound.
  • the winding method of the W-phase first sub-coil is the same as that of the U-phase first sub-coil, and will not be described in detail.
  • the second coil of each phase is wound separately.
  • the U-phase second coil is wound first.
  • the second sub-coil 36 is wound radially outside each first coil 31 of the U-phase coil, for example, the second sub-coil 36 is wound radially outside the first coil 31 using a wire nozzle, and The two adjacent second sub-coils 36 are connected by a wire 37. In this way, the plurality of second sub-coils 36 of the U-phase coil are connected in series to form a U-phase second coil.
  • the V-phase second coil is continuously wound, and finally the W-phase second coil is wound.
  • the first coil of each phase coil has an incoming and outgoing wire
  • the second coil of each phase coil also has an incoming and outgoing wire.
  • connection mode of FIG. 5 that is, the first coil of the first coil U1 of the U phase
  • first end of the second coil U2 are respectively connected to both ends of the first switch K11
  • the second end of the first coil U1 and the second end of the second coil U2 are respectively connected to both ends of the second switch K21
  • the second end of the first coil U1 and the first end of the second coil U2 are connected to both ends of the third switch K31, respectively.
  • the connection mode of the V-phase coil and the W-phase coil is connected according to the connection mode of the U-phase coil, which will not be described in detail.
  • both the first coil and the second coil are wound in a concentrated manner.
  • the first coil and the second coil have their own Wire and outlet, so that the serial-parallel relationship of the first coil and the second coil can be controlled by multiple switches, which realizes the advantage of parallel winding of two wires, thereby improving the performance of the motor without increasing the difficulty of the winding process of the stator coil .
  • each phase coil includes two sets of coils, that is, the first coil and the second coil. In actual application, it may also include more sets of coils, for example, including three sets of coils, and multiple switches may be provided.
  • the device realizes parallel or series connection of multiple sets of coils.
  • the diameter of the enameled wire of the coil located near the inner wall of the pole teeth along the radial direction of each sub-coil is smaller, or the resistance of the enameled wire is greater
  • the diameter of the outer layer, that is, the coil of the coil away from the peripheral wall of the pole tooth is larger, or the resistivity of the enameled wire is smaller.
  • the motor has a stator and a rotor, and the rotor can rotate relative to the stator.
  • the motor may use the motor stator of any of the above motor stator embodiments, that is, the coil of the motor stator includes a first coil and a second coil, and a plurality of switches are connected between the first coil and the second coil, such as an electronic switching device, which is controlled by The on-off state of the switching device realizes series connection or parallel connection of the first coil and the second coil.
  • the resistance value of the first coil and the resistance value of the second coil can be made substantially equal, and when the motor is running, the inductance of the first coil and the second coil,
  • the back EMF is basically equal.
  • the first switch and the second switch corresponding to each coil can be closed at the same time.
  • the first switch K11, the second switch K21 of the U-phase coil, the first switch K12, the second switch K22 of the V-phase coil, the first switch K13, the second switch K23 of the W-phase coil are simultaneously closed, and the U is simultaneously opened.
  • the first coil U1 of the U-phase coil is connected in parallel with the second coil U2, and the first of the V-phase coil
  • the coil V1 and the second coil V2 are connected in parallel
  • the first coil W1 and the second coil W2 of the W-phase coil are connected in parallel.
  • the back EMF of the motor is small, which can reduce the field weakening current and make the motor rotate faster.
  • the first switch K11, the second switch K21 of the U-phase coil, the first switch K12 of the V-phase coil, the second switch K22, the first switch K13 of the W-phase coil, and the second Switch K23 and simultaneously close the third switch K31 of the U-phase coil, the third switch K32 of the V-phase coil, and the third switch K33 of the W-phase coil.
  • the first coil U1 of the U-phase coil and the second coil U2 are connected in series
  • the first coil V1 of the V-phase coil is connected in series with the second coil V2
  • the first coil W1 of the W-phase coil is connected in series with the second coil W2.
  • the back electromotive force of the motor is large, so that the current flowing through the coil is small, and the load capacity of the motor is stronger.
  • the home appliance in this embodiment may be a home appliance provided with a motor, such as a washing machine, an air conditioner, or an electric fan.
  • a washing machine such as a washing machine, an air conditioner, or an electric fan.
  • the washing machine is provided with a housing, and a washing tub and a motor that drives the washing tub to rotate are provided in the housing.
  • the motor can be selected from the motors of the above embodiments.
  • step S1 determines whether the washing machine is operating in the washing mode. If so, perform step S2 to open the first switch and the second switch corresponding to each phase coil, and close the third switch, such as U
  • the first switch K11, the second switch K21 of the phase coil, the first switch K12, the second switch K22 of the V-phase coil, the first switch K13 and the second switch K23 of the W-phase coil are all turned off, and the The three switches K31, the third switch K32 of the V-phase coil, and the third switch K33 of the W-phase coil are closed.
  • the first coil and the second coil of each phase coil are connected in series, the load capacity of the motor becomes stronger, and the Small coil current, thereby improving the efficiency of the motor.
  • step S3 is executed to determine whether the washing machine is in the dehydration working mode, if so, step S4 is executed to close the first switch and the second switch corresponding to the coils of each phase, and open the third switch At this time, the first coil and the second coil of each phase coil are connected in parallel. Due to the small back electromotive force of the motor, the field weakening current can be reduced, which makes the motor rotate faster and meet the requirements of the dehydration working mode.
  • step S5 is executed to determine whether the washing machine stops working. If so, step S6 is executed, all switches of each phase coil are turned off, and the motor stops rotating. If the washing machine has not stopped, it returns to step S1.
  • the first coil and the second coil of each phase coil are connected in series to increase the back EMF of the coil, which can solve the problem of low efficiency in the washing operation mode
  • the first coil of each phase coil The coil is connected in parallel with the second coil to reduce the back-EMF, inductance and resistance of the coil, which can solve the problem of low speed in the dehydration working mode. Therefore, the motor of the present disclosure can be made thinner than existing motors, and the motor volume is smaller, thereby creating favorable conditions for reducing the volume of the washing machine.

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Abstract

一种电机定子及其线圈绕制方法、电机及其工作方法、家用电器及其工作方法，该定子（20）包括定子铁芯（21），定子铁芯（21）的极齿（23）上绕制有线圈；该线圈包括第一线圈（30）以及第二线圈（35），第一线圈（30）绕制在极齿（23）周壁上，第二线圈（35）绕制在述第一线圈（30）的径向外侧，第一线圈（30）与第二线圈（35）通过多个开关器件实现并联或者串联；并且，第一线圈（30）的漆包线的线径小于第二线圈（35）的漆包线的线径；和/或第一线圈（30）的漆包线的电阻率大于第二线圈（35）的漆包线的电阻率。还提供具有上述定子的电机、该电机的工作方法，还提供具有上述电机的家用电器及其工作方法。能够确保第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值基本相等，从而提高电机运行的平稳性以及电气性能。

Description

电机定子及其线圈绕制方法、电机及其工作方法、家用电器及其工作方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是以本申请是以CN申请号为201811255401.6，申请日为2018年10月26日的申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该CN申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电机领域，尤其涉及一种电机定子以及电机定子的线圈绕制方法，还提供使用该电机定子的电机、家用电器，还提提供这种电机的工作方法、家用电器的工作方法。
背景技术
洗衣机是常用的家用电器，相关技术中的洗衣机通常设置有一个洗衣桶，洗衣桶由电机带动转动。由于洗衣机有多种不同的工作状态，例如工作在洗涤模式或者在脱水模式。当洗衣机工作在洗涤模式时，洗衣桶的转动速度较慢。由于洗衣桶内衣服吸水量较大，且洗衣桶内水量较多，电机的负载较重。当洗衣机工作在脱水模式时，洗衣桶的转动速度较快。此时洗衣桶内水量较少，电机的负载较轻。因此，洗衣机使用的电机有多种不同的工作状态，如高速低负载状态和低速高负载状态。
在相关技术中，洗衣机使用的电机通常是三相电机。这种电机具有一个电机定子，定子包括定子铁芯，定子铁芯上绕制有三相线圈。相关技术中的三相电机的线圈主要是通过分布式绕线的方式进行绕线，但是分布式绕线制作的线圈绕制的端部较高，线圈的电阻较高，电机的性能不理想，人们开始考虑采用集中绕线的方式绕制线圈。
集中绕线的方式是在一个整圆的定子铁芯上绕制线圈。这种绕线方式可以使用一个线嘴在定子铁芯上往复运动并快速的绕制线圈。这种绕线方式的优势是线圈绕制的端部低，使线圈的电阻降低，提高电机的性能。
如图1与图2所示，相关技术中的电机定子10具有圆环状的定子铁芯11，定子铁芯包括轭部12以及设置在轭部12径向外侧的齿部。齿部包括多个极齿13，并且在极齿13上绕制有线圈14。图1与图2所示的是绕制一相线圈的电机定子。三相电机 设置有三相线圈，每一相线圈包括绕制在不同极齿13上的子线圈，例如子线圈15。同一相线圈的多个子线圈15之间相互串联连接，例如通过过线16相互连接。此外，每一相线圈均设置有一根进线以及一根出线17，用于连接外部的电源。
由于洗衣机的电机的工作特点在于洗涤模式下低速重载的状态，此时需要电机有尽可能高的反电动势并降低绕组电流，以减小损耗，提高效率。而在脱水模式下，由于有弱磁控制，此时电机电流较大，需要低电阻，以减小损耗，提高效率。而相关技术中的洗衣机的电机由于需要兼顾洗涤、脱水两种工作模式，为使弱磁控制后的电机可达到要求的脱水转速，电机反电势设计的往往较小，导致洗涤工况下的效率很低，影响整机能耗。并且，为兼顾洗涤的负载能力及效率，脱水转速也无法达到很高，导致洗衣机难以达到很高的脱水率。
为了解决这一问题，相关技术中的一些电机的每一相线圈设置有两组线圈，即在定子铁芯上绕制两组线圈。在洗涤模式下，将两组线圈串联，以增加反电动势，在脱水模式下，将两组线圈并联，以减小线圈的弱磁电流，提高电机的效率。
发明内容
发明人经研究发现，相关技术中在定子铁芯上绕制两组线圈的工艺，例如在同一个极齿上绕制两组线圈，通常需要先在极齿上绕制第一层线圈，然后在第一层线圈上绕制第二层线圈。这样为了确保电机的电气性能，第一层线圈的匝数与第二层线圈的匝数相等。但由于第二层线圈的外径较大，导致第二层线圈的总长度大于第一层线圈的总长度，这就导致两组线圈的电阻不相等。这种情况就导致两组线圈的电气性能存在差异，如两组线圈所形成的反电动势不相等。当两组线圈串联时，两组线圈的电阻不相等并不会对电机的运行带来大的影响。但在两组线圈并联时，由于两组线圈的电阻不相等，使得并联后的电阻值不是一组线圈的电阻值的一半，从而导致电机运行时，两组线圈的电感、反电动势不相同，影响电机的电气性能，进而发生电机驱动异常，影响电机的正常运行，例如电机运行时可能出现异常震动、输出功率不足等现象。
有鉴于此，本公开实施例提供一种电机定子及其线圈绕制方法、电机及其工作方法、家用电器及其工作方法，有利于电机稳定运行。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种电机定子，包括：
定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯具有轭部以及极齿；和
线圈，绕制在所述极齿上，所述线圈包括第一线圈以及第二线圈，所述第一线圈 绕制在所述极齿周壁上，所述第二线圈绕制在所述第一线圈的径向外侧，所述第一线圈的第一端与所述第二线圈的第一端之间连接有第一开关，所述第一线圈的第二端与所述第二线圈的第二端之间连接有第二开关，所述第一线圈的第二端与所述第二线圈的第一端之间连接有第三开关；
所述第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于所述第二线圈的漆包线的线径；和/或所述第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于所述第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率。
在一些实施例中，所述第一线圈的电阻值与所述第二线圈的电阻值的差值在预设范围内，所述预设范围为-7％～+7％。
在一些实施例中，所述第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率与所述第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率相等，所述第一线圈的长度与所述第一线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值为第一比值，所述第二线圈的长度与所述第二线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值为第二比值，所述第一比值与所述第二比值的差值相对于所述第一比值在预设范围内，所述预设范围为-7％～+7％。
在一些实施例中，所述第一线圈的漆包线的线径与所述第二线圈的漆包线的线径相等，所述第一线圈的长度与所述第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积为第一乘积，所述第二线圈的长度与所述第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积为第二乘积，所述第一乘积与所述第二乘积的差值相对于所述第一乘积在预设范围内，所述预设范围为-7％～+7％。
在一些实施例中，所述预设范围为-3％～+3％。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种电机定子，包括定子铁芯，定子铁芯具有轭部以及极齿，极齿上绕制有线圈；其中，线圈包括第一线圈以及第二线圈，第一线圈绕制在极齿周壁上，第二线圈绕制在述第一线圈的径向外侧，第一线圈的第一端与第二线圈的第一端之间连接有第一开关，第一线圈的第二端与第二线圈的第二端之间连接有第二开关，第一线圈的第二端与第二线圈的第一端之间连接有第三开关；并且，第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于第二线圈的漆包线的线径；和/或第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率。
本公开提供的另一种电机定子包括定子铁芯，定子铁芯具有轭部以及极齿，极齿上绕制有线圈；其中，线圈包括第一线圈以及第二线圈，第一线圈绕制在极齿周壁上，第二线圈绕制在述第一线圈的径向外侧，并且，第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于第二线圈的漆包线的线径；和/或第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于第二线圈的漆包线的电阻 率。
由上述方案可见，通过调节第一线圈与第二线圈的漆包线的线径，和/或调节第一线圈与第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率，从而调节第一线圈与第二线圈的电阻值，可以使得两组线圈的电阻值基本相等。这样，当第一开关与第二开关闭合、第三开关断开时，第一线圈与第二线圈并联，由于第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值基本相等，这样可以确保两组线圈的电感、反电动势基本相等，电机的运行平稳，也有利于电机的驱动。
在一些实施例中，第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值在预设范围内，如在±7％的范围内。这样，可以确保第一线圈与第二线圈并联时，第一线圈与第二线圈的电感、反电动势基本相等，提高电机运行的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率与第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率相等，且第一线圈的长度与第一线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值为第一比值，第二线圈的长度与第二线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值为第二比值，第一比值与第二比值的差值相对于第一比值在预设范围内。优选的，第一比值与第二比值相等。
在一些实施例中，第一线圈的漆包线的线径与第二线圈的漆包线的线径相等，且第一线圈的长度与第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积为第一乘积，第二线圈的长度与第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积为第二乘积第一乘积与第二乘积的差值相对于第一乘积在预设范围内，优选的，第一乘积与第二乘积相等。
由于线圈的电阻值与漆包线的线径的平方、电阻率相关，因此，设定两组线圈的线径、电阻率的比值关系，可以确保第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值相等。
在一些实施例中，线圈为二相以上，每一相线圈对应的极齿上均绕制有第一子线圈，第一子线圈径向外绕制有第二子线圈，同一相线圈的多个第一子线圈串联连接形成第一线圈，同一相线圈的多个第二子线圈串联连接形成第二线圈。
由此可见，针对三相电机，每一相线圈均包括第一线圈以及第二线圈，这样可以确保三相电机的每一相线圈的两组线圈的电阻值都基本相等，可以确保三相电机运行的稳定性。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种电机定子的线圈绕制方法，电机定子具有定子铁芯，定子铁芯具有轭部以及极齿；其中，该方法包括：使用集中绕线的方式在齿上绕制第一线圈，并使用集中绕线的方式在第一线圈径向外绕制第二线圈；将第一线圈的第一端与第二线圈的第一端分别连接至第一开关的两端，将第一线圈的第二端与第二 线圈的第二端分别连接至第二开关的两端，将第一线圈的第二端与第二线圈的第一端分别连接至第三开关的两端；其中，第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于第二线圈的漆包线的线径；和/或第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率。
由上述方案可见，第一线圈以及第二线圈都是通过集中绕线的方式进行绕制，这样可以使线圈的电阻减小，从而提高电机的性能，且第一线圈与第二线圈是先后两次绕制完成的，线圈的绕制工艺简单，降低电机的生产成本。
在一些实施例中，线圈为二相以上；绕制第一线圈包括：在每一相线圈对应的极齿上绕制该相的第一子线圈，且同一相的多个第一子线圈相互串联；绕制第二线圈包括：在各相的第一线圈绕制完毕后，在每一相的第一子线圈径向外绕制该相的第二子线圈，且同一相的多个第二子线圈相互串联。
由此可见，每一相线圈都分别绕制相应的第一线圈以及第二线圈，可以确保每一相线圈都可以在两组线圈串联或者两组线圈并联的工作状态，从而确保三相线圈均衡的工作，避免因为三相线圈不均衡而导致电机运行不平稳。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种电机，包括定子以及转子，该定子为上述的电机定子。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种上述电机的工作方法，该方法包括：在第一工作模式下，第一开关与第二开关闭合，第三开关断开，第一线圈与第二线圈并联；在第二工作模式下，第一开关与第二开关断开，第三开关闭合，第一线圈与第二线圈串联；其中，在第一工作模式下电机转子的转速高于在第二工作模式下的转速。
由上述方案可见，电机在不同的工作模式下，第一线圈与第二线圈的电连接关系不同，如在第一工作模式下第一线圈与第二线圈并联，第二工作模式下第一线圈与第二线圈串联，这样可以满足不同转速、负载的工况要求。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种家用电器，包括壳体，壳体内设置有上述的电机。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种上述家用电器的工作方法，包括在第一工作模式下，电机的第一开关与第二开关闭合，第三开关断开，第一线圈与第二线圈并联；在第二工作模式下，电机的第一开关与第二开关断开，第三开关闭合，第一线圈与第二线圈串联；其中，在第一工作模式下电机转子的转速高于在第二工作模式下的转速。
在一些实施例中，家用电器为洗衣机，第一工作模式为脱水模式，第二工作模式为洗涤模式。
由此可见，洗衣机在脱水模式下，第一线圈与第二线圈并联，这样电机的转速较 高，满足脱水工作的要求。而在洗涤模式下，第一线圈与第二线圈串联，电机的转速较低，但可以承受较高的负载，满足洗涤模式的工作需求。
附图说明
构成说明书的一部分的附图描述了本公开的实施例，并且连同说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。参照附图，根据下面的详细描述，可以更加清楚地理解本公开，其中：
图1是相关技术中的电机定子绕制一相线圈的结构示意图。
图2是相关技术中的电机定子绕制一相线圈的分解结构示意图。
图3是根据本公开电机定子的一些实施例绕制一相线圈的结构示意图。
图4是根据本公开电机定子的一些实施例绕制一相线圈的分解结构示意图。
图5是根据本公开电机定子的一些实施例中三相线圈与开关组的电连接原理图。
图6是根据本公开家用电器的工作方法的一些实施例的流程示意图。
应当明白，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。此外，相同或类似的参考标号表示相同或类似的构件。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本公开的各种示例性实施例。对示例性实施例的描述仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本公开及其应用或使用的任何限制。本公开可以以许多不同的形式实现，不限于这里所述的实施例。提供这些实施例是为了使本公开透彻且完整，并且向本领域技术人员充分表达本公开的范围。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、材料的组分、数字表达式和数值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。
本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指在该词前的要素涵盖在该词后列举的要素，并不排除也涵盖其他要素的可能。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
在本公开中，当描述到特定器件位于第一器件和第二器件之间时，在该特定器件与第一器件或第二器件之间可以存在居间器件，也可以不存在居间器件。当描述到特 定器件连接其它器件时，该特定器件可以与所述其它器件直接连接而不具有居间器件，也可以不与所述其它器件直接连接而具有居间器件。
本公开使用的所有术语(包括技术术语或者科学术语)与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员理解的含义相同，除非另外特别定义。还应当理解，在诸如通用字典中定义的术语应当被解释为具有与它们在相关技术的上下文中的含义相一致的含义，而不应用理想化或极度形式化的意义来解释，除非这里明确地这样定义。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
本公开实施例的电机包括有定子以及转子，而家用电器可以是洗衣机等电器，家用电器内设置有上述电机。并且，电机的线圈可采用集中绕线的方式进行，以提高电机的性能。电机定子及其线圈绕制方法实施例：
在一些实施例中，电机包括定子以及转子。参考图3，定子20包括定子铁芯21，定子铁芯21包括圆环状的轭部22，在轭部22的径向外侧设置有齿部。本实施例的齿部包括多个极齿23。对于三相电机来说，极齿23的数量可为三的整数倍，如36个。在一些实施例中，电机为外转子电机，即转子设置在定子20的径向外侧，相应地，定子20的轭部22位于电机的径向内侧，极齿23位于轭部22的径向外侧。
参考图4，在一些实施例中，定子20的齿部上绕制有线圈，每一个极齿23上绕制有两层线圈。极齿23的周壁上绕制有第一线圈30，并且在第一线圈30的径向外绕制有第二线圈35。在图4中，定子结构的极齿23绕制了U相线圈。由于U相线圈对应多个极齿23，在U相所对应的极齿23上均需要绕制相应的第一线圈30以及第二线圈35。
具体的，每一相的第一线圈可以包括多个第一子线圈，每一相的第二线圈可以包括多个第二子线圈。在一些实施例中，一个极齿23上绕制U相的第一子线圈31，例如图4所示的极齿23的周壁上绕制第一子线圈31。由于极齿23大致呈长方体状，因此，绕制在极齿23周壁上的第一子线圈31大致呈长方体的形状。
并且，同一相线圈的多个第一子线圈是相互串联的。如图4所示，相邻的两个第一子线圈31之间通过过线32相互连接。在定子铁芯21上还可以设置过线槽24，过线32可以从过线槽24中穿过。并且，在多个第一子线圈31中的一个第一子线圈31上可设置进线33，另一个第一子线圈31上设置有出线34。外部的交流电通过进线33流进U相的第一线圈，并且经过第一线圈的各个第一子线圈31以后，从出线34流出。
在绕制各相的第一线圈30以后，绕制各相的第二线圈35。在一些实施例中，每一相线圈的第二线圈35由多个第二子线圈36串联而成，例如U相线圈的第二线圈35包括多个第二子线圈36。在极齿23的径向上，第二子线圈36位于第一子线圈31的外侧。为了确保电机运行的平稳，第一子线圈31的匝数与第二子线圈36的匝数相等，但由于第二子线圈36位于第一子线圈31的径向外侧，因此，第二子线圈36的总长度大于第一子线圈31的总长度。
同一相线圈的多个第二子线圈36之间也是串联连接，例如U相线圈的多个第二子线圈36之间串联连接。相邻的两个第二子线圈36之间通过过线37连接，过线37也可以从过线槽24中穿过。多个第二子线圈36中一个第二子线圈36设置有进线38，另一个第二子线圈36上设置有出线39，外部的交流电从进线38流进第二线圈并且从出线39流出。
本实施例中，同一相线圈的第一线圈30与第二线圈35通过多个开关实现串联或者并联的电连接关系。如图5所示，对于U相线圈，假设第一线圈为U1，第二线圈为U2，则U相线圈的第一线圈U1的第一端与第二线圈U2的第一端之间连接有第一开关K11，U相线圈的第一线圈U1的第二端与第二线圈U2的第二端之间连接有第二开关K21，且第一线圈U1的第二端与第二线圈U2的第一端之间连接有第三开关K31。
在第一工作模式下，可以同时闭合第一开关K11以及第二开关K21，断开第三开关K31，此时，第一线圈U1与第二线圈U2并联。在第二工作模式下，第一开关K11以及第二开关K21断开，而第三开关K31闭合，此时，第一线圈U1与第二线圈U2串联。
同理，V相线圈也包括第一线圈V1与第二线圈V2，第一线圈V1的第一端与第二线圈V2的第一端之间连接有第一开关K12，第一线圈V1的第二端与第二线圈V2的第二端之间连接有第二开关K22，且第一线圈V1的第二端与第二线圈V2的第一端之间连接有第三开关K32。
在第一工作模式下，可以同时闭合第一开关K12以及第二开关K22，断开第三开关K32，此时，第一线圈V1与第二线圈V2并联。在第二工作模式下，第一开关K12以及第二开关K22断开，而第三开关K32闭合，此时，第一线圈V1与第二线圈V2串联。
同理，W相线圈也包括第一线圈W1与第二线圈W2，第一线圈W1的第一端与第二线圈W2的第一端之间连接有第一开关K13，第一线圈W1的第二端与第二线圈 W2的第二端之间连接有第二开关K23，且第一线圈W1的第二端与第二线圈W2的第一端之间连接有第三开关K33。
在第一工作模式下，可以同时闭合第一开关K13以及第二开关K23，断开第三开关K33，此时，第一线圈W1与第二线圈W2并联。在第二工作模式下，第一开关K13以及第二开关K23断开，而第三开关K33闭合，此时，第一线圈W1与第二线圈W2串联。
在一些实施例中，多个第一开关K11、K12、K13可以同时断开或者闭合，而多个第二开关K21、K22、K23可以同时断开或者闭合，多个第三开关K31、K32、K33也可以同时断开或者闭合。这样，U相的第一线圈U1与第二线圈U2并联时，V相的第一线圈V1与第二线圈V2也是并联，且W相的第一线圈W1与第二线圈W2也是并联。当U相的第一线圈U1与第二线圈U2串联时，V相的第一线圈V1与第二线圈V2也是串联，且W相的第一线圈W1与第二线圈W2也是串联。因此，三相线圈的第一线圈与第二线圈可同时处于串联状态或者同时处于并联状态。
在一些实施例中，第一开关K11、K12、K13、第二开关K21、K22、K23以及第三开关K31、K32、K33均是软开关，例如三极管或者MOS管、IGBT等电可控的开关器件。通过向三极管等开关器件输入高电平信号或者低电平信号，可以控制开关器件的通断，也就是实现开关状态的变化，如开关器件处于导通状态时闭合。
由于第一线圈与第二线圈的总长度不相等，如果第一线圈的漆包线线径与第二线圈的漆包线的线径相等，并且第一线圈的漆包线与第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率相等，则第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值则不相等。这样，将导致第一线圈的电感与第二线圈的电感不相同，电机运行时第一线圈上形成的反电动势与第二线圈上形成的反电动势也就不相等，影响电机运行的稳定性。
因此，在本公开的一些实施例中，通过调节第一线圈的漆包线的线径与第二漆包线的线径，或者调节第一线圈漆包线的电阻率与第二线圈漆包线的电阻率，来调节第一线圈与第二线圈的电阻值，从而使得第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值基本相等。
由于线圈的电阻值分别与线圈漆包线的长度和电阻率成正比，与漆包线的线径(漆包线横截面的直径)的平方成反比，为此，可使位于内层的第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于位于外层第二线圈的漆包线的线径，或者，可使位于内层的第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于位于外层的第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率。换句话说，可以使用线径较 小的漆包线绕制第一线圈，使用线径较大的漆包线绕制第二线圈，或者，使用电阻率较大的漆包线绕制第一线圈，使用电阻率较小的漆包线绕制第二线圈。
当然，可以同时调节两组线圈的漆包线的线径以及电阻率，即使得第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于位于外层第二线圈的漆包线的线径，并且，使得位于内层的第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于位于外层的第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率。这样，第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值基本相等，且其他电气参数，如电感、反电动势也基本相等。
例如，第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率与第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率相等，且第一线圈的长度与第一线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值等于第二线圈的长度与第二线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值。又例如，第一线圈的漆包线的线径与第二线圈的漆包线的线径相等，且第一线圈的长度与第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积等于第二线圈的长度与第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积。
当然，在实际生产过程中，第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值难以完全相等，因此，只需要第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值基本相等，也可以实现本公开的效果。具体的，第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值的差值在预设范围内，例如第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值的差值为第一线圈的电阻值的±7％以内，即预设范围为-7％～+7％，则可以认为第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值基本相等。
在一些实施例中，该预设范围可以为±5％甚至是±3％，即预设范围为预设范围为-5％～+5％，甚至-3％～+3％。这样，第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值的差值更小，更有利于电机的运行。
在一些实施例中，第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率与第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率相等，第一线圈的长度与第一线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值为第一比值，第二线圈的长度与第二线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值为第二比值，且第一比值与第二比值的差值相对于第一步比值在上述的预设范围内。或者，第一线圈的漆包线的线径与第二线圈的漆包线的线径相等，第一线圈的长度与第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积为第一乘积，第二线圈的长度与第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积为第二乘积，第一乘积与第二乘积的差值相对于第一乘积在上述的预设范围内。
在一些实施例中，电机定子20可采用集中绕线的方式绕制线圈，即绕制电机定子20的线圈时，先分别绕制各相的第一线圈，并在各相的第一线圈绕制完毕以后，再分别绕制各相的第二线圈。例如，先绕制U相的第一线圈30，如在U相对应的每一个极齿23上绕制相应的第一子线圈31。绕制时，可以使用一个线嘴在整圆的定子 铁芯21上，依次在U相对应的每一个极齿23上绕线，例如在绕制一个极齿23的第一子线圈31后，线嘴移动至下一个U相的极齿23。此时，连接两个第一子线圈31之间的过线32穿过过线槽24。当线嘴在下一个U相的极齿23上绕线时，将形成另一个第一子线圈31。当U相的所有第一子线圈31绕制完毕后，多个第一子线圈31串联形成U相的第一线圈30。
同理，在绕制U相的第一线圈30以后，在V相对应的极齿23上绕制V相的第一子线圈。V相的第一子线圈的绕制方法与U相的第一子线圈的绕制方法相同。在绕制V相的第一线圈以后，绕制W相的第一线圈。W相的第一子线圈的绕制方法与U相的第一子线圈的绕制方法相同，不再赘述。
在各相的第一线圈绕制完毕以后，分别绕制各相的第二线圈。例如先绕制U相的第二线圈。在一些实施例中，在U相线圈的每一个第一线圈31径向外侧绕制第二子线圈36，例如使用线嘴在第一线圈31的径向外侧绕制第二子线圈36，且相邻的两个第二子线圈36通过过线37连接。这样，U相线圈的多个第二子线圈36相互串联形成U相的第二线圈。
在绕制U相的第二线圈以后，继续绕制V相的第二线圈，最后绕制W相的第二线圈。在一些实施例中，每一相线圈的第一线圈均具有一根进线以及出线，且每一相线圈的第二线圈也具有一根进线以及出线。
在各相的第一线圈与第二线圈绕制完毕后，将各相的第一线圈的进线、出线按照图5的连接方式连接至各个开关，即将U相的第一线圈U1的第一端与第二线圈U2的第一端分别连接至第一开关K11的两端，将第一线圈U1的第二端与第二线圈U2的第二端分别连接至第二开关K21的两端，将第一线圈U1的第二端与第二线圈U2的第一端分别连接至第三开关K31的两端。V相线圈与W相线圈的连接方式按照U相线圈的连接方式连接，不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，第一线圈与第二线圈均采用集中绕线的方式绕制，虽然并没有采用双线并绕的方式绕制，但由于第一线圈与第二线圈均具有自己的进线与出线，从而可以通过多个开关控制第一线圈与第二线圈的串并联关系，实现了双线并绕的优点，进而提高了电机的性能，且不增加定子线圈的绕制工艺的难度。
当然，上述实施例中，每一相线圈包括两组线圈，即第一线圈与第二线圈，实际应用时，还可以包括更多组线圈，例如包括三组线圈，并且可以通过设置多个开关器件，实现多组线圈之间的并联或者串联。并且，为了确保每一组线圈的电阻值相等， 沿每一个子线圈的径向，位于内层，即靠近极齿周壁的线圈的漆包线线径较小，或者漆包线的电阻率较大，而位于外层，即远离极齿周壁的线圈的漆包线线径较大，或者漆包线的电阻率较小。
电机及电机工作方法实施例：
在一些实施例中，电机具有一个定子以及一个转子，转子可以相对于定子转动。电机可采用上述任一电机定子实施例的电机定子，即电机定子的线圈包括第一线圈与第二线圈，第一线圈与第二线圈之间连接有多个开关，如电子开关器件，通过控制开关器件的通断状态，实现第一线圈与第二线圈的串联或者并联。
此外，通过调节第一线圈的漆包线的线径或者电阻率，可使得第一线圈的电阻值与第二线圈的电阻值基本相等，以及在电机运行时，第一线圈与第二线圈的电感、反电动势有基本相等。
电机通电运行后，根据电机运行模式的需要，可以同时闭合各线圈对应的第一开关与第二开关。例如同时闭合U相线圈的第一开关K11、第二开关K21、V相线圈的第一开关K12、第二开关K22、W相线圈的第一开关K13、第二开关K23，并且同时断开U相线圈的第三开关K31、V相线圈的第三开关K32、W相线圈的第三开关K33，此时，U相线圈的第一线圈U1与第二线圈U2并联，V相线圈的第一线圈V1与第二线圈V2并联，且W相线圈的第一线圈W1与第二线圈W2并联。此时，电机的反电动势较小，可以降低弱磁电流，使电机的转速更快。
在第二种工作模式下，同时断开U相线圈的第一开关K11、第二开关K21、V相线圈的第一开关K12、第二开关K22、W相线圈的第一开关K13、第二开关K23，并且同时闭合U相线圈的第三开关K31、V相线圈的第三开关K32、W相线圈的第三开关K33，此时，U相线圈的第一线圈U1与第二线圈U2串联，V相线圈的第一线圈V1与第二线圈V2串联，且W相线圈的第一线圈W1与第二线圈W2串联。此时，电机的反电动势较大，可使流经线圈的电流较小，使电机负载能力更强。
家用电器及家用电器工作方法实施例：
本实施例的家用电器可以洗衣机、空调器或者电风扇等设置有电机的家用电器，以洗衣机为例，洗衣机上设置有壳体，在壳体内设置有洗衣桶以及带动洗衣桶转动的电机，该电机可选用上述各实施例的电机。
下面结合图6介绍洗衣机的工作流程。首先，洗衣机启动后，执行步骤S1，判断洗衣机是否工作在洗涤模式下，如是，执行步骤S2，将各相线圈对应的第一开关、第 二开关断开，将第三开关闭合，例如将U相线圈的第一开关K11、第二开关K21、V相线圈的第一开关K12、第二开关K22、W相线圈的第一开关K13、第二开关K23均断开，将U相线圈的第三开关K31、V相线圈的第三开关K32、W相线圈的第三开关K33均闭合，此时，各相线圈的第一线圈与第二线圈串联，电机的负载能力变强，并实现较小的线圈电流，从而提升电机的效能。
如果步骤S1的判断结果为否，则执行步骤S3，判断洗衣机是否处于脱水工作模式，如是，执行步骤S4，将各相线圈对应的第一开关、第二开关闭合，并将第三开关断开，此时，各相线圈的第一线圈与第二线圈并联，由于电机反电势较小，可降低弱磁电流，使得电机的转速更快，满足脱水工作模式的要求。
在执行步骤S2、S4或者步骤S3的判断结果为否时，执行步骤S5，判断洗衣机是否停止工作，如是，执行步骤S6，各相线圈的所有开关均断开，电机停止转动。如果洗衣机未停止工作，则返回步骤S1。
可见，在洗涤工作模式下，各相线圈的第一线圈与第二线圈串联，提高线圈的反电势，可解决洗涤工作模式效率低的问题，而在脱水工作模式下，各相线圈的第一线圈与第二线圈并联，降低线圈的反电势、电感、电阻值，可解决脱水工作模式转速低的问题。因此，本公开的电机可以比现有的电机做的更薄，电机体积更小，从而为减小洗衣机的体积创造有利条件。
当然，上述的方案只是本公开优选的实施方案，实际应用是还可以有更多的变化，例如，使用的漆包线的线径大小的变化，或者，电机定子形状的变化，这些改变都不影响本公开的实施，也应该包括在本公开的保护范围内

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电机定子，包括：
    定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯具有轭部以及极齿；和
    线圈，绕制在所述极齿上，所述线圈包括第一线圈以及第二线圈，所述第一线圈绕制在所述极齿周壁上，所述第二线圈绕制在所述第一线圈的径向外侧，所述第一线圈的第一端与所述第二线圈的第一端之间连接有第一开关，所述第一线圈的第二端与所述第二线圈的第二端之间连接有第二开关，所述第一线圈的第二端与所述第二线圈的第一端之间连接有第三开关；
    所述第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于所述第二线圈的漆包线的线径；和/或所述第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于所述第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机定子，其中，所述第一线圈的电阻值与所述第二线圈的电阻值的差值在预设范围内，所述预设范围为-7％～+7％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电机定子，其中，所述第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率与所述第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率相等，所述第一线圈的长度与所述第一线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值为第一比值，所述第二线圈的长度与所述第二线圈的漆包线的线径平方的比值为第二比值，所述第一比值与所述第二比值的差值相对于所述第一比值在预设范围内，所述预设范围为-7％～+7％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电机定子，其中，所述第一线圈的漆包线的线径与所述第二线圈的漆包线的线径相等，所述第一线圈的长度与所述第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积为第一乘积，所述第二线圈的长度与所述第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率的乘积为第二乘积，所述第一乘积与所述第二乘积的差值相对于所述第一乘积在预设范围内，所述预设范围为-7％～+7％。
  5. 根据权利要求2～4任一项所述的电机定子，其中，所述预设范围为-3％～+3％。
  6. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的电机定子，其中，所述第一线圈的电阻值与所述第二线圈的电阻值相等。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的电机定子，其中，所述线圈为二相以上，每一相线圈对应的所述极齿上均绕制有第一子线圈，所述第一子线圈径向外绕制有第二子线圈，同一相线圈的多个所述第一子线圈串联连接形成所述第一线圈，同一相线圈的多个所述第二子线圈串联连接形成所述第二线圈。
  8. 一种电机定子的线圈绕制方法，所述电机定子具有定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯具有轭部以及极齿；该方法包括：
    使用集中绕线的方式在所述极齿上绕制第一线圈，并使用集中绕线的方式在所述第一线圈径向外绕制第二线圈；
    将所述第一线圈的第一端与所述第二线圈的第一端分别连接至第一开关的两端，将所述第一线圈的第二端与所述第二线圈的第二端分别连接至第二开关的两端，将所述第一线圈的第二端与所述第二线圈的第一端分别连接至第三开关的两端；
    其中，所述第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于所述第二线圈的漆包线的线径；和/或所述第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于所述第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电机定子的线圈绕制方法，其中，所述第一线圈的电阻值与所述第二线圈的电阻值的差值在预设范围内，所述预设范围为-7％～+7％。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电机定子的线圈绕制方法，其特征在于：所述线圈为二相以上；
    绕制所述第一线圈包括：在每一相线圈对应的极齿上绕制该相的第一子线圈，且同一相的多个所述第一子线圈串联连接；
    绕制所述第二线圈包括：在各相的第一线圈绕制完毕后，在每一相的第一子线圈径向外绕制该相的第二子线圈，且同一相的多个所述第二子线圈串联连接。
  11. 一种电机，包括定子以及转子，所述定子为如权利要求1至7任一项所述的电机定子。
  12. 一种如权利要求11所述的电机的工作方法，包括：
    在第一工作模式下，所述第一开关与所述第二开关闭合，所述第三开关断开，所述第一线圈与所述第二线圈并联；
    在第二工作模式下，所述第一开关与所述第二开关断开，所述第三开关闭合，所述第一线圈与所述第二线圈串联；
    其中，在所述第一工作模式下所述转子的转速高于在所述第二工作模式下的转速。
  13. 一种家用电器，具有壳体，所述壳体内设置有如权利要求11所述的电机。
  14. 一种如权利要求13所述的家用电器的工作方法，包括：
    在第一工作模式下，所述电机的所述第一开关与所述第二开关闭合，所述第三开关断开，所述第一线圈与所述第二线圈并联；
    在第二工作模式下，所述电机的所述第一开关与所述第二开关断开，所述第三开关闭合，所述第一线圈与所述第二线圈串联；
    其中，在所述第一工作模式下所述电机转子的转速高于在所述第二工作模式下的转速。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的家用电器的工作方法，其中，所述家用电器为洗衣机，所述第一工作模式为脱水模式，所述第二工作模式为洗涤模式。
  16. 一种电机定子，包括：
    定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯具有轭部以及极齿；和
    线圈，绕制在所述极齿上，所述线圈包括第一线圈以及第二线圈，所述第一线圈绕制在所述极齿周壁上，所述第二线圈绕制在所述第一线圈的径向外侧；
    所述第一线圈的漆包线的线径小于所述第二线圈的漆包线的线径；和/或所述第一线圈的漆包线的电阻率大于所述第二线圈的漆包线的电阻率。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电机定子，其中，所述第一线圈的电阻值与所述第二线圈的电阻值的差值在预设范围内，所述预设范围为-7％～+7％。
  18. 一种电机，包括定子以及转子，所述定子为如权利要求16或17所述的电机定子。
  19. 一种家用电器，具有壳体，所述壳体内设置有如权利要求18所述的电机。
PCT/CN2018/121817 2018-10-26 2018-12-18 电机定子及其线圈绕制方法、电机及其工作方法、家用电器及其工作方法 WO2020082550A1 (zh)

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