WO2020082415A1 - 一种无线传输压电式四分量测力仪装置 - Google Patents

一种无线传输压电式四分量测力仪装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020082415A1
WO2020082415A1 PCT/CN2018/113664 CN2018113664W WO2020082415A1 WO 2020082415 A1 WO2020082415 A1 WO 2020082415A1 CN 2018113664 W CN2018113664 W CN 2018113664W WO 2020082415 A1 WO2020082415 A1 WO 2020082415A1
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dynamometer
cover
main body
battery
upper cover
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PCT/CN2018/113664
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English (en)
French (fr)
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任宗金
马露露
杜瑞锋
朱晓雨
徐田国
张军
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大连理工大学
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Publication of WO2020082415A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020082415A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
    • G01L5/167—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using piezoelectric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of piezoelectric sensor force measuring devices, and relates to a method for real-time measurement of axial force, radial force, tangential force and torque received by a tool during machining such as milling and drilling using wireless transmission mode Device and method.
  • the machine tool monitors the spindle stress during the machining process, and can deal with the spindle stress in time to avoid the phenomenon of spindle breakage, thereby increasing the service life of the machine tool spindle.
  • the measurement of cutting force in the machining process of machine tools at home and abroad mainly includes strain and piezoelectric.
  • the strain-type cutting force dynamometer mainly uses strain gauges as the main sensitive element, and measures the stress of the object under test through the principle that the strain gauge deforms after the force causes the strain gauge resistance to change.
  • This measurement method has the advantages of simple structure, stable performance, high accuracy, and convenient use.
  • the dynamic test performance is poor, which greatly limits its application range.
  • Piezoelectric cutting force dynamometer mainly uses piezoelectric quartz crystal as the main sensitive element. Through the principle of positive piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric material, it has high rigidity and sensitivity, the most important is its frequency response and transient The response is good, suitable for dynamic measurement of cutting force during machining.
  • the traditional piezoelectric dynamometer used to measure the cutting force because it requires a signal line to send the signal generated by piezoelectric induction to the charge amplifier, after the charge is amplified and collected by the capture card and sent to the host computer, it can only be It is installed between the workpiece and the workbench. Usually, the large size and mass of these force gauges cause great inconvenience to installation and handling.
  • the dynamic change parameter of cutting force is an important parameter in the machining process of the machine tool.
  • the accurate monitoring of the dynamic cutting force directly contributes greatly to the improvement of the processing speed and efficiency of the machine tool processing.
  • the use of wireless transmission to send signals to the host computer for real-time monitoring has become the focus of researchers. Therefore, a small-size wireless transmission piezoelectric type that can dynamically monitor the force of the machine tool spindle is developed.
  • the dynamometer device has become an urgent need.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to change the signal transmission mode and the size of the structure of the traditional piezoelectric dynamometer, use the dynamometer tool holder structure to apply it to the machine tool spindle, and use the signal conditioning circuit and wireless transmission
  • the circuit simplifies the charge amplifier and the acquisition card, transmits the data to the upper computer for real-time monitoring, and invents a wireless transmission piezoelectric dynamometer.
  • a wireless transmission piezoelectric four-component dynamometer device is mainly composed of a dynamometer upper cover 1, a dynamometer main body 2, a dynamometer lower cover 3, a three-way force piezoelectric sensor 9, a battery back cover 5, Battery 7 and bolts;
  • the upper cover 1 of the dynamometer and the lower cover 3 of the dynamometer are located at both ends of the main body 2 of the dynamometer.
  • the upper cover (1) of the dynamometer and the lower cover (3) of the dynamometer are located at both ends of the main body (2) of the dynamometer At the end, the upper cover (1) of the dynamometer and the lower cover (3) of the dynamometer are connected to the main body (2) of the dynamometer through bolts;
  • the upper cover 1 of the dynamometer is provided with a plurality of battery placement holes, and the battery 7 is installed in the battery placement hole through the battery back cover 5 to supply power to the circuit portion 12; the upper cover 1 of the dynamometer is provided with an upper structure of the handle 6. There is a key slot 8 on it;
  • the main body 2 of the dynamometer is a cylinder structure, which is provided with a platform equipped with a three-way force piezoelectric sensor 9; the upper end of the outer wall of the dynamometer body 2 is provided with a ring of thin-walled layers 10 of the main body to shield the interference Function; the three-way force piezoelectric sensor 9 is installed on the platform of the dynamometer body 2 and is adjacent to the main body thin-walled layer 10, which is positioned by the pre-tightening bolts 11 to ensure that the three-way force piezoelectric sensor 9 and the dynamometer are respectively
  • the upper cover 1 is attached to the dynamometer body 2; the circuit part 12 is placed in the middle hollow area inside the dynamometer body 2, and the circuit part 12 is rigidly connected to the upper cover 1 of the dynamometer 1 and the lower cover 3 of the dynamometer;
  • the barrel of the main body 2 is provided with a wireless signal output hole 4;
  • the lower cover 3 of the dynamometer is a desktop structure, and one end is rigidly connected to the main body 2 of the dynamometer, and the other end is directly connected to the cutter by using the lower end structure 14 of the tool handle;
  • the circuit part 12 includes a voltage stabilizing circuit, a charge amplifying circuit, an A / D conversion, data processing, and a data transmission circuit, and supplies power to the circuit part 12 through the battery 7, and transmits the data processed signal to the host computer through wireless transmission Perform data transfer.
  • a wireless transmission piezoelectric four-component dynamometer is designed and invented, which can use the battery power supply to start and stop the critical state of the machine tool spindle, real-time rotation of the spindle at constant speed and variable speed rotation.
  • Transmitted to the host computer changing the traditional dynamometer signal output method and "stator + rotor" structure, has the advantages of compact structure, small size, high rigidity, high natural frequency, high sensitivity, etc., to achieve axial force, tangential force,
  • the dynamic test of the four components of radial force and torque, the structure of the shank of the upper cover of the dynamometer can be replaced by other structural forms, and the replacement is good.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wireless transmission piezoelectric dynamometer of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is the upper cover of the dynamometer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the main body of the dynamometer of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is the lower cover of the dynamometer of the present invention.
  • the battery 7 is placed in the battery hole of the upper cover 1 of the dynamometer.
  • the circuit part is supplied with the working voltage required by the circuit through a parallel connection; the battery back cover 5 is connected to the upper cover of the dynamometer.
  • the three-way force piezoelectric sensor 9 is placed on the main body 2 of the dynamometer, and is adjacent to the thin-walled layer 10 of the body, and is positioned by using the pretension bolt 11; the three-way force piezoelectric sensor 9, The upper cover 1 of the dynamometer and the main body 3 of the dynamometer are connected together by pre-tightening bolts 11.
  • the circuit part 12 In the area where the circuit part 12 is placed, it will act as voltage stabilization, charge amplification, A / D conversion, data processing, data transmission, etc .; one end of the dynamometer is directly connected to the tool, and the other end is connected to the main body 2 of the dynamometer.
  • the upper cover 1 of the dynamometer with the tool holder structure can be connected to the machine tool spindle, and it is positioned and fixed at the end of the machine tool spindle through the key slot of the upper part of the tool holder and installed at the end of the machine tool spindle for use.
  • the invention has real-time monitoring of the change of the force on the spindle of the machine tool, and can also analyze the force on the spindle when the machine tool is started and stopped, and does not require external power supply to transmit power through the wire. It has the characteristics of good dynamic performance, high natural frequency, high rigidity and high sensitivity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

一种无线传输压电式四分量测力仪装置，测力仪上盖（1）设有多个电池安置孔，通过电池后盖（5）将电池（7）和电路部分（12）连接在一起；三向力压电传感器（9）位于测力仪上盖（1）和测力仪主体（2）之间；电路部分（12）与测力仪上盖（1）、测力仪下盖（3）刚性连接；测力仪下盖（3）一端与测力仪主体（2）刚性连接，另一端与刀具相接。通过利用电池（7）供电，将机床主轴启动、停止的临界状态、常速旋转时以及变速旋转时主轴受力情况实时传输给上位机，改变传统测力仪信号输出方式和"定子+转子"结构，具有结构紧奏，体积小，刚度高、高固有频率、高灵敏度等优点，实现轴向力、切向力、径向力和扭矩四分量的动态测试，测力仪上盖（1）的刀柄上端结构可以更换为其他结构形式，替换性好。

Description

一种无线传输压电式四分量测力仪装置 技术领域
本发明属于压电式传感测力装置技术领域，涉及一种利用无线传输方式实时测量铣削、钻削等机加工过程中刀具所受到的轴向力、径向力、切向力和扭矩的装置及方法。
 背景技术
机床在加工过程中监测主轴受力情况，可以针对主轴受力情况及时处理避免主轴断裂的现象出现，从而提高机床主轴的使用寿命。目前，国内外机床加工过程中切削力的测量主要有应变式和压电式两种。
应变式切削力测力仪主要是以应变片为主要敏感元件，通过应变片在受力后发生变形导致应变片阻值的变化的原理来测量受测物体的受力情况。这种测量方法具有结构简单、性能稳定、精度高、使用便捷等优点，但是由于电阻应变式测力仪刚度较小，动态测试性能较差，大大限制其应用范围。
压电式切削力测力仪主要是以压电石英晶体为主要敏感元件，通过压电材料的正压电效应原理，其具有较高的刚度和灵敏度，最重要的是其频率响应和瞬态响应良好，适合于加工过程中的切削力动态测量。传统的用于测量切削力的压电式测力仪，由于其需要信号线将压电感应产生的信号输送到电荷放大器，经过电荷放大由采集卡采集输送到上位机的过程，故其只能安装在工件和工作台之间的位置，通常这些测力仪体积和质量较大对安装和搬运等造成很大的不便。
切削力的动态变化参数是机床加工过程中的重要参数，准确监测动态切削力直接对提高机床加工的加工速度和效率有很大帮助。同时由于近年来电磁波通信的发展，利用无线传输的方式将信号输送到上位机进行实时监测成为研究人员关注的重点，因此研制一种体积小能够动态监测机床主轴受力情况的无线传输压电式测力仪装置成为迫切的需要。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术难题是改变传统的压电式测力仪的信号传输方式、结构尺寸的大小等，利用测力仪刀柄结构使其应用于机床主轴上，利用信号调理电路和无线传输电路简化电荷放大器和采集卡，将数据传输到上位机上进行实时监测，而发明的一种无线传输压电式测力仪。
 技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案：
一种无线传输压电式四分量测力仪装置，主要由测力仪上盖1、测力仪主体2、测力仪下盖3、三向力压电传感器9、电池后盖5、电池7以及螺栓组成；
测力仪上盖1和测力仪下盖3位于测力仪主体2的两端，测力仪上盖（1）和测力仪下盖（3）位于测力仪主体（2）的两端，测力仪上盖（1）和测力仪下盖（3）通过螺栓与测力仪主体（2）连接；
所述的测力仪上盖1上设有多个电池安置孔，电池7通过电池后盖5安装于电池安置孔内，为电路部分12供电；测力仪上盖1设有刀柄上端结构6，其上开有键槽8；
所述的测力仪主体2是筒体结构，其内设有搭载三向力压电传感器9的平台；测力仪主体2筒体外壁上端设有一圈主体薄壁层10，起屏蔽干扰的作用；三向力压电传感器9安装于测力仪主体2的平台上，与主体薄壁层10相邻，其通过预紧螺栓11定位，确保三向力压电传感器9分别与测力仪上盖1和测力仪主体2贴合；测力仪主体2内部的中间空心区域放置电路部分12，电路部分12与测力仪上盖1、测力仪下盖3刚性连接；测力仪主体2的筒体上设有无线信号输出孔4；
所述的测力仪下盖3是台式结构，一端与测力仪主体2刚性连接，另一端利用其刀柄下端结构14与刀具直接连接；
所述的电路部分12包括稳压电路、电荷放大电路、A/D转换、数据处理、数据输送电路，通过电池7向电路部分12供电，将数据处理后的信号通过无线传输的方式与上位机进行数据传输。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：设计发明的一种无线传输压电式四分量测力仪，利用电池供电可以将机床主轴启动、停止的临界状态、常速旋转时以及变速旋转时主轴受力情况实时传输给上位机，改变传统测力仪信号输出方式和“定子+转子”结构，具有结构紧奏，体积小，刚度高、高固有频率、高灵敏度等优点，实现轴向力、切向力、径向力和扭矩四分量的动态测试，测力仪上盖刀柄结构可以更换其他结构形式进行使用，替换性好。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的无线传输压电式测力仪整体结构示意图。
图2为本发明的测力仪上盖。
图3为本发明的测力仪主体。
图4为本发明的测力仪下盖。
图中：1测力仪上盖；2测力仪主体；3测力仪下盖；4无线信号输出孔；5电池后盖；6刀柄上端结构；7电池；8键槽；9三向力压电传感器；10主体薄壁层；11预紧螺栓；12电路部分；13连接螺栓孔；14刀柄下端。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
电池7放置在测力仪上盖1的电池孔内，为了提高电池使用时间，通过并联连接向电路部分供应电路所需的工作电压；电池后盖5与测力仪上盖连接在一起，一方面充当电源的一极连入电路；另一方面，以防被灰尘或油污浸入腐蚀电池从而影响电池的使用寿命，和胶水一起保护电源；测力仪主体2上端周围留有一圈主体薄壁层10起屏蔽干扰的作用；三向力压电传感器9放置在测力仪主体2上，并与主体薄壁层10相邻，利用预紧螺栓11将其定位；三向力压电传感器9、测力仪上盖1和测力仪主体3部分通过预紧螺栓11连接在一起，为了保证测力仪上盖1和测力仪主体2连接时中轴线在一条线上，连接时应辅助一个圆柱体将其旋转轴线和中轴线重合，不至于机床加工过程式产生的偏心对测力仪数据的采集造成很大的影响，从而导致测力仪测量的精确度不高；测力仪主体2下端钻有2个无线信号输出孔4，两个无线输出孔4将经过信号从测力仪内部向外输送到上位机；电路部分12处于测力仪上盖1和测力仪主体2中间空心区域，电路部分12放置其中，将起稳压、电荷放大、A/D转换、数据处理、数据发送等作用；测力仪一端与刀具直接，另一端与测力仪主体2相连接。连接完成后就可以将含有刀柄结构的测力仪上盖1与机床主轴连接，通过刀柄上端部分的键槽将其定位并固定在机床主轴末端安装在机床主轴末端进行使用了。本发明具有实时监测机床主轴受力变化情况，也能够对机床启动和停止时主轴受力情况进行分析，不需要外部电源通过导线输电。具有动态性能好，高固有频率，高刚度，高灵敏度等的特点。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化、修改与结合，均应属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种无线传输压电式四分量测力仪装置，其特征在于，所述的无线传输压电式四分量测力仪装置主要由测力仪上盖（1）、测力仪主体（2）、测力仪下盖（3）、三向力压电传感器（9）、电池后盖（5）、电池（7）以及螺栓组成；
    测力仪上盖（1）和测力仪下盖（3）位于测力仪主体（2）的两端，测力仪上盖（1）和测力仪下盖（3）通过螺栓与测力仪主体（2）连接；
    所述的测力仪上盖（1）上设有多个电池安置孔，电池（7）通过电池后盖（5）安装于电池安置孔内，为电路部分（12）供电；测力仪上盖（1）设有刀柄上端结构（6），其上开有键槽（8）；
    所述的测力仪主体（2）是筒体结构，其内设有搭载三向力压电传感器（9）的平台；测力仪主体（2）筒体外壁上端设有一圈主体薄壁层（10），起屏蔽干扰的作用；三向力压电传感器（9）安装于测力仪主体（2）的平台上，与主体薄壁层（10）相邻，其通过预紧螺栓（11）定位，确保三向力压电传感器（9）分别与测力仪上盖（1）和测力仪主体（2）贴合；测力仪主体（2）内部的中间空心区域放置电路部分（12），电路部分（12）与测力仪上盖（1）、测力仪下盖（3）刚性连接；测力仪主体（2）的筒体上设有无线信号输出孔（4）；
    所述的测力仪下盖3是台式结构，一端与测力仪主体2刚性连接，另一端利用其刀柄下端结构14与刀具直接连接；
    所述的电路部分（12）包括稳压电路、电荷放大电路、A/D转换、数据处理、数据输送电路，通过电池（7）向电路部分（12）供电，将数据处理后的信号通过无线传输的方式与上位机进行数据传输。
PCT/CN2018/113664 2018-10-26 2018-11-02 一种无线传输压电式四分量测力仪装置 WO2020082415A1 (zh)

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CN112504524B (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-08-06 大连理工大学 一种集成式压电扭矩测力仪
CN115026633A (zh) * 2022-07-14 2022-09-09 西南交通大学 一种机床多分量智能测力系统

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