WO2020078364A1 - 治疗肿瘤的装置 - Google Patents

治疗肿瘤的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020078364A1
WO2020078364A1 PCT/CN2019/111391 CN2019111391W WO2020078364A1 WO 2020078364 A1 WO2020078364 A1 WO 2020078364A1 CN 2019111391 W CN2019111391 W CN 2019111391W WO 2020078364 A1 WO2020078364 A1 WO 2020078364A1
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radiation
source
radiation system
treatment bed
rotating frame
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PCT/CN2019/111391
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沈长明
薛瑞宙
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沈长明
薛瑞宙
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1001—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1001—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
    • A61N2005/1019—Sources therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1092—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medical device, in particular to a device for treating tumors.
  • the known stereotactic radiotherapy technique is a local treatment method using radiation to treat tumors.
  • Radiation includes ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ rays generated by radioisotopes and x-rays, electron beams, proton beams, and other particle beams generated by various x-ray therapy machines or accelerators.
  • the role and status of radiation therapy in tumor therapy is becoming increasingly prominent, and it has become one of the main means of treating malignant tumors.
  • Stereotactic radiotherapy has been developed so far. Gamma knife, X-knife, and wave knife are relatively mature and widely used.
  • the focusing principle of the gamma knife and the X-knife is to convert a wide-range beam into a thin beam through a collimator (collimator shape is a cylindrical metal block with a hole in the center), and then project it from multiple directions , Converging in one place.
  • the gamma knife consists of 201 cobalt-60 sources and 201 collimators to form 201 beams to be directed at a point.
  • the patent application (patent) number: CN92203736.1, the filing date: 1992.03.10 discloses a stereotactic radiosurgery operating table device, which is composed of a connector, a connector bed, a lesion positioning plate, a cranial fixed coordinate frame, Multi-aperture collimator, electronic linear accelerator, rotary accelerator, CT scanner and other components. It is a tool that can accurately shoot high-energy ray beams to intracranial tumors, vascular malformation lesions or some parts to be damaged, and can realize non-invasive stereotactic radiosurgery surgery. It can reduce serious complications and sequelae during and after conventional surgery, and can also remove deep brain lesions that cannot be reached by conventional surgery.
  • the rays of the previous stereotactic radiotherapy technology must pass through other non-cancerous tissues of the human body to reach the cancerous area, and the rays are directed at the cancerous area within a certain time, so that the rays pass around The tissue will also be damaged.
  • the dose of the irradiation site that is, the cancerous site can only be reduced, which is the necrosis dose in the present invention, and multiple targeted treatments can achieve the desired effect, but necrosis The dose cannot be lowered too much, otherwise the treatment effect is not good, so the surrounding tissue that a long ray passes through during the directional treatment process will still be damaged.
  • the present invention discloses a device for treating tumors, which uses a single radiation source structure to perform spherical or spherical trajectory rotation radiation around the cancerous site to kill the tumor.
  • a device for treating tumors characterized in that it includes a radiation system, a rotating mechanism and a separate treatment bed.
  • the radiation system is installed on the rotating mechanism through a steering mechanism, and the rotating mechanism drives the radiation system to be level with the treatment bed.
  • the rotating mechanism drives the radiation system to telescopically rotate in the vertical direction, the radiation system rotates around the patient lying on the treatment bed along a spherical or spherical-like trajectory, and the steering mechanism drives the radiation system to synchronously turn, radiation
  • the system always irradiates the patient's diseased part and radiates the patient's diseased part; the radiation system is a single radiation source structure; the radiation system rotates at a designed speed, so that the radiation passes through the surrounding tissue without disease.
  • the radiation system runs along a spherical or ball-like trajectory.
  • the steering mechanism drives the radiation system to always align the center of the sphere, that is, the patient's diseased part; the radiation system moves horizontally by a distance of 1 cm, and at the same time, the telescopic support rod expands and contracts by the value of the spherical trajectory Distance, the steering mechanism rotates at an angle, so repeated operation, the radiation system is still aligned with the center of the sphere, so that the radiation system always illuminates the patient's diseased part; a single radiation source is used to illuminate the cancerous site through a single radiation source structure Do the rotating radiation of spherical or spherical trajectory to kill the tumor.
  • the radiation system includes a source container, a radioactive source, a slider, and a collimator shape.
  • the radioactive source is arranged in the middle of the source container, and the source container is provided with an opening, the slider is inserted In the opening, the slider slides to one side to form a radiation hole.
  • the radiation hole is a collimator; or another tubular collimator is added, and the additional tubular collimator corresponds to the radiation hole of the radiation system.
  • the opening provided on the source container is an angular depression
  • the radioactive source is provided at the corner of the angular depression, that is, the center position of the source container, which is composed of an angular slider Buckle on the angular depression, and the upper and lower surfaces of the angular slider are respectively provided with convex strips, and the upper and lower walls of the angular depression are respectively provided with sliding grooves corresponding to the convex strips of the angular slider.
  • the sliding of the chute cooperates to obtain the movement of the slider.
  • the radioactive sources are cobalt- "60", radium-226 source, cesium-137 source, iridium-192 source, iodine-125 source, gold-198 source, strontium- Any of 90 isotope ⁇ source, californium-252 neutron source, X-ray therapy machine, X-ray produced by accelerator, electron beam, and high LET rays.
  • the treatment bed includes a bed board and feet provided on both sides of the bottom of the bed board.
  • the feet support the bed board.
  • the bed board is easily passed through by carbon fiber or plastic or other radiation. Made of materials.
  • a robot with a mechanical arm is used to form the rotating mechanism and the steering mechanism.
  • the rotating mechanism includes a supporting base, a rotating frame mounted on the supporting base and a first motor.
  • the rotating frame is a cylindrical body.
  • the support base is provided with a circular through hole, the rotating frame is rotatably installed in the circular through hole, the two ends of the rotating frame respectively extend out of the supporting base, and the outer periphery of the extended end or both ends of the rotating frame are evenly arranged on the circumference
  • There is a tooth slot the tooth slot is meshed with the gear, the gear is sleeved on the first motor, the first motor is installed on one or both sides of the support base; the rotating frame is sleeved on the bed board of the treatment bed, and the first motor drives
  • the rotating frame rotates around the bed board of the treatment bed;
  • the inner wall of the rotating frame is also provided with a telescopic support rod, and the telescopic support rod telescopes toward the center position of the rotating frame.
  • the radiation system is fixedly installed on the front end of the telescopic support rod
  • the steering mechanism is a stepper motor.
  • the rotating mechanism is symmetrically provided with guide rails on both sides, the legs of the treatment bed are slidingly mounted on the guide rails through a slider, and a fixed plate is provided at one end of the treatment bed ,
  • the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the treatment bed, and a screw is installed at the bottom of the treatment bed, the screw passes through the screw nut provided on the fixed plate, the screw is screwed to the screw nut, and a screw is installed at one end of the screw
  • Two motors the second motor drives the screw to rotate, and drives the treatment bed to move along the guide rail through the fixed plate to move relative to the rotating mechanism.
  • a single radiation source structure is used, which is light and flexible, so that the irradiation equipment can be manipulated at will.
  • the patient rotates around the patient at the designed speed, although the radiation of each part is rotating Passing instantaneously, but the focal point of the sphere center is always irradiated, and the focal point can get a dose of necrosis that could not be reached before, that is, any living tissue is killed here, and the target area is completely killed without surrounding tissue. Injured, the ultimate goal pursued by radiosurgery.
  • the intensity of the radiation source is low, compared with the ordinary gamma knife total activity of 6,000 curies can be reduced tenfold.
  • the radiation system has a small volume, which can better match the existing image positioning and various tracking systems, and it is not easy to block the scanning of the tracking device, so that a dead angle is formed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation system
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the radiation hole structure of the radiation system
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the stereoscopic structure of the radiation system
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the use of a radiation focusing knife in Example 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a radiation focusing knife in Example 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a radiation focusing knife in Example 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of the installation relationship between the rotating frame and the radiation system in Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram of the radiation system running track (1).
  • Figure 9 is a diagram of the radiation system operation (2).
  • a device for treating tumors includes a radiation system 9, a rotating mechanism, and a treatment bed 13 provided separately.
  • the radiation system is fixedly mounted on the rotating mechanism through a steering mechanism 27.
  • the rotation mechanism described above drives the radiation system to move horizontally relative to the treatment bed 13, the rotation mechanism drives the radiation system to telescopically rotate in the vertical direction, and the radiation system lies on the treatment bed 13 along a spherical or spherical-like trajectory
  • the patient rotates, and the steering mechanism 27 drives the radiation system 9 to turn synchronously.
  • the radiation system 9 always illuminates the patient's diseased part and radiates the patient's diseased part; the radiation system 9 is a single radiation source structure; the radiation system is The designed speed rotates, so that the radiation instantly passes through the surrounding tissue without disease.
  • the radiation system runs along a spherical or ball-like trajectory.
  • the steering mechanism drives the radiation system to always align the center of the sphere, that is, the patient's diseased part; the radiation system moves horizontally by a distance of 1 cm, and at the same time, the telescopic support rod expands and contracts by the value of the spherical trajectory Distance, the steering mechanism rotates at an angle, so repeated operation, the radiation system is still aligned with the center of the sphere, so that the radiation system always illuminates the patient's diseased part; a single radiation source is used to illuminate the cancerous site through a single radiation source structure Do the rotating radiation of spherical or spherical trajectory to kill the tumor.
  • the radiation system 9 includes a source container 1, a radioactive source 2, a slider 3, and a collimator 4.
  • the radioactive source 2 is disposed in the middle of the source container 1, the source container 1 is provided with an opening, and the slider 3 is inserted into the opening.
  • the slider 2 slides to one side to form a radiation hole 8; the radiation hole 8 is a collimator; or another tubular collimator is added, and the additional tubular collimator corresponds to the radiation system radiation At the hole; the opening provided on the source container 1 is an angular depression, and the radiation source 2 is provided at the corner of the angular depression, that is, the center position of the source container 1, and the angular slider 3 is buckled on the On the angular depressions, convex strips 15 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the angular sliders 3 respectively, and the upper and lower walls of the angular depressions are respectively provided with slide grooves 14 corresponding to the angular slider convex strips 15.
  • the sliding of the chute 14 cooperates to obtain the movement of the slider 3;
  • the radioactive sources 2 are cobalt- "60", radium-226 source, cesium-137 source, iridium-192 source, iodine-125 source, gold-198 source, Strontium-90 isotope ⁇ source, californium-252 neutron source, X-ray therapy machine, X-ray produced by accelerator, electron beam, high LET rays;
  • the treatment bed 13 includes a bed board and legs provided on both sides of the bottom of the bed board. The feet support and connect the bed board.
  • the bed board is made of carbon fiber or plastic or other materials through which radiation can easily pass.
  • a robot 16 with a mechanical arm is used to form the bed board.
  • the rotating mechanism and the steering mechanism 27 for example, the patent number: CN201310699650.5, the public announcement date: 2014.04.30, discloses a spatially tandem rotary joint type remote operation mechanical arm and its combination.
  • the further described rotating mechanism includes a supporting base 17, a rotating frame 18 rotatably mounted on the supporting base 17, and a first motor 19, the rotating The frame 18 is a cylindrical body.
  • the support base 17 is provided with a circular through hole.
  • the rotating frame 18 is rotatably installed in the circular through hole. Both ends of the rotating frame 18 extend out of the support base 17 respectively.
  • the outer circumference of the extended end or both ends of the rotating frame 18 is evenly provided with tooth slots 20, which are meshed with the gear 21, the gear 21 is sleeved on the first motor 19, and the first motor 19 is mounted on the support 17 One or both sides; the rotating frame 18 is set on the bed board of the treatment bed 13, the first motor 19 drives the rotating frame 18 to rotate around the bed board of the treatment bed 13; the inner wall of the rotating frame 18 is also provided with a telescopic support rod 22, The telescopic support rod 22 telescopes toward the center position of the rotating frame, and the radiation system 9 is fixedly installed on the front end of the telescopic support rod 22 through the steering mechanism 27.
  • the telescopic support rod 22 is produced by Yuyao Xingote Transmission Equipment Co., Ltd. XT05 electric putter.
  • the steering mechanism 27 is a stepper motor.
  • the rotating mechanism is symmetrically provided with guide rails 23 on both sides.
  • the legs of the treatment bed 13 are slidingly mounted on the guide rails 23 through the sliders.
  • a fixing plate 24 is provided, the fixing plate 24 is fixedly connected to the treatment bed 13, and a screw 25 is installed at the bottom of the treatment bed 13, the screw 25 passes through a screw nut provided on the fixing plate 24, the screw 25 and the screw
  • the nut is screw connected, and a second motor 26 is installed at one end of the screw 25.
  • the second motor 26 drives the screw 25 to rotate, and drives the treatment bed 13 to move along the guide rail through the fixing plate 24, and moves relative to the rotating mechanism.
  • the invention adopts a single radiation source structure to always illuminate the diseased part of the patient, and during the irradiation, the single radiation source rotates around the patient lying on the treatment bed along the spherical or spherical trajectory, and the radiation of the single radiation source
  • the center of the circle does not change during the rotation, and the center of the circle is the lesion area.
  • the radiation rotates at a designed speed and instantly passes through the surrounding tissue without lesions. In this way, the lesion area has been treated by radiation irradiation, which can extend the time of irradiating the lesion area.
  • the necrosis dose is more than before, the longer the irradiation time, the more the necrosis dose, enough to kill the tissue in the lesion area, and the other without the lesion area, the rays are bypassed instantly, and will not be exposed to the rays for a long time, the rays will not There will be damage to other tissues, so that in the case of improving the treatment effect, it also reduces the damage to other tissues of the human body;
  • the existing technology is not a single radioactive source structure, but several radioactive source structures are simultaneously directed to irradiate and converge on one area to kill the lesion area.
  • the intensity of a single radioactive source is lower than the sum of the intensity of multiple radioactive sources , But higher than its single source.
  • the amount of necrosis dose is proportional to the intensity of a single radiation source and the time of radiation.
  • a single radiation source is used to rotate around the center of the ball.
  • the time of radiation is extended to improve necrosis.
  • the dose can theoretically meet the needs of killing the lesion area, but in actual operation, although the radiation time can be extended dozens of times compared to the past, it is impossible to extend indefinitely.
  • the intensity of a single radiation source cannot be very small, it is inevitable A reasonable high-intensity single radioactive source is adopted.
  • the present invention states that the radioactive sources are cobalt- "60", radium-226 source, cesium-137 source, iridium-192 source, iodine-125 source, and gold-198 source.
  • the single cobalt 60 radiotherapy machine has a single radiation The intensity is generally 2500 curies to 5000 curies.
  • the maximum radiation intensity of the model GWXJ80 Cobalt-60 treatment machine on the market is 8000 curies; the example in the present invention is "the gamma knife consists of 201 cobalt-60 sources, 201 Collimators, forming 201 beams directed at a point, "the total intensity of the 201 cobalt-60 sources is 6000 curies, and the intensity of a radioactive source is about 30 curies, which can be seen from the above data.
  • the intensity of the radioactive source can be changed within a controllable range.
  • "a single radioactive source structure is used and the intensity of the radioactive source is low” is an operation requirement.
  • a single radiation source performs a spherical rotating irradiation method around the center of the lesion, and extends the irradiation time to complete the last step that cannot be completed by the existing equipment (existing For stereotactic radiotherapy, the tumor's radiation dose is generally 20-25Gy, and the maximum dose is 30-35Gy; the dose can no longer be increased), that is, the tumor is irradiated with a dose greater than or equal to necrosis, and the tumor is killed at one time.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种治疗肿瘤的装置，它包括辐射系统、旋转机构与分体设置的治疗床，辐射系统通过转向机构安装在旋转机构上，所述的旋转机构驱动辐射系统作与治疗床水平相对移动，所述的旋转机构驱动辐射系统沿着竖直方向伸缩旋转，辐射系统沿着球型或类球型轨迹绕平躺在治疗床的病人旋转，且转向机构驱动辐射系统同步转向，辐射系统始终照射病人的病变部位，对病人的病变部位做放射；所述的辐射系统为一个单一的放射源结构。通过单一的放射源结构围绕癌变部位做球型或类球型轨迹的旋转放射，来杀死肿瘤。

Description

治疗肿瘤的装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗设备，具体涉及一种治疗肿瘤的装置。
背景技术
已知的立体定向放射治疗技术是利用放射线治疗肿瘤的一种局部治疗方法。放射线包括放射性同位素产生的α、β、γ射线和各类x射线治疗机或加速器产生的x射线、电子线、质子束及其他粒子束等。大约对70％的癌症患者在治疗癌症的过程中需要用放射治疗，放射治疗在肿瘤治疗中的作用和地位日益突出，已成为治疗恶性肿瘤的主要手段之一。立体定向放射治疗发展至今，比较成熟且被广泛使用的有伽玛刀、X-刀和射波刀等。伽玛刀、X-刀的聚焦原理是将范围大的射线束经准直器(准直器形状为中央带孔的柱状金属块)变为较细的射线束射出，然后从多个方向投射，会聚于一处。如伽玛刀由201个钴-60源，201个准直器，形成201条射线束射向一点。例如专利申请(专利)号：CN92203736.1，申请日：1992.03.10，公开了一种立体定向放射外科手术台装置，它是由连接器，连接器床，病灶定位板，颅固定坐标架，多孔径准直器，电子直线加速器，旋转加速器，CT扫描机等部件构成。它是一种能够将高能量射线束准确射向颅内肿瘤，血管畸形病灶或某些待损毁部位上，是可实现无创伤的立体定向放射神经外科手术的工具。它能减少常规手术中，手术后的严重并发症和后遗症，还能切除常规手术所不能到达的脑深部病变。我们可以得出：以往的立体定向放射治疗技术的射线工作时射线必须经过人体其他没有癌变的组织才达到癌变区域，并且射线是在一定时间内定向作用于癌变区域，这样射线长时间经过的周围组织也会受损害，为了防止对周围组织伤害过大，只能减低照射部位也就是癌变部位的剂量，就是本发明中所说的坏死剂量，进行多次定向治疗，才能达到预期效果，但是坏死剂量不能降低太多，否则治疗效果不佳，所以，定向治疗过程中时间稍微一长射线经过的周围组织还是会受到损害。
发明内容
为了克服背景技术中的不足，本发明公开一种治疗肿瘤的装置，通过单一的放射源结构围绕癌变部位做球型或类球型轨迹的旋转放射，来杀死肿瘤。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，它包括辐射系统、旋转机构与分体设置的治疗床，辐射系统通过转向机构安装在旋转机构上，所述的旋转机构驱动辐射系统作与治疗床水平相对移动，所述的旋转机构驱动辐射系统沿着竖直方向伸缩旋转，辐射系统沿着球型或类球型 轨迹绕平躺在治疗床的病人旋转，且转向机构驱动辐射系统同步转向，辐射系统始终照射病人的病变部位，对病人的病变部位做放射；所述的辐射系统为一个单一的放射源结构；辐射系统以设计好的速度转动，使放射线瞬间掠过周围没有病变的组织。
辐射系统沿着球型或类球型轨迹运行，转向机构驱动辐射系统始终对准球心即病人病变部位；辐射系统水平移动一个间距如1厘米，同时，伸缩支撑杆按球形轨迹的数值伸缩一个距离，转向机构转动一个角度，如此反复运行，辐射系统仍然对准球心，使得辐射系统一直照射在病人的病变部位；采用一个单一个放射源照射，从而实现通过单一的放射源结构围绕癌变部位做球型或类球型轨迹的旋转放射，来杀死肿瘤。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，所述的辐射系统包括源容器、放射源、滑块以及准直器形，放射源设置在源容器中部，源容器上设有一开口，滑块插在开口中，所述的滑块向一侧滑动后形成放射孔。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，所述的放射孔为准直器；或另外增加一个管状准直器，所述的另外增加的管状准直器对应辐射系统放射孔处。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，所述的源容器上设置的开口为角形凹陷，所述的放射源设置在角形凹陷的角处，也就是源容器的中心位置，由角形滑块扣在所述的角形凹陷上，在角形滑块的上下面上分别设有凸起条，角形凹陷的上、下壁对应角形滑块凸起条处分别设有滑槽，通过凸起条与滑槽的滑动配合获取滑块的移动。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，所述的放射源为钴-“60”、镭-226源、铯-137源、铱-192源、碘-125，金-198源、锶-90同位素β源、锎-252中子源、X线治疗机、加速器产生的X线、电子束、高LET射线中的任意一种。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，所述的治疗床包括床板以及设置在床板底部两侧的支脚，支脚支撑连接床板，所述的床板采用碳纤维或塑料或其它放射线可轻易穿过的材料制成。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，采用一带机械臂的机器人构成所述的旋转机构与转向机构。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，所述的旋转机构包括支撑座、安装在支撑座上可旋转的旋转架以及第一电机，所述的旋转架为一筒状体，在所述的支撑座设置有圆形通孔，旋转架旋转安装在圆形通孔内，旋转架两端分别伸出支撑座外，在所述的旋转架的伸出一端或两端外周一周分别均匀设置有齿槽，齿槽与齿轮啮合连接，齿轮套装在第一电机上，第一电机安装在支撑座的一侧或两侧；所述的旋转架套在治疗床的床板上，第一电机驱动旋转架 绕治疗床的床板旋转；在旋转架内壁还设置有伸缩支撑杆，伸缩支撑杆朝向旋转架的中心位置伸缩，所述的辐射系统通过转向机构固定安装在伸缩支撑杆的前端；所述的伸缩支撑杆为余姚市兴欧特传动设备有限公司生产的XT05电动推杆。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，所述的转向机构为一步进电机。
对上述技术方案作进一步的改进和细化，所述的旋转机构的两侧对称设置有导轨，所述的治疗床的支脚通过滑块滑动安装在导轨上，在治疗床的一端设置有固定板，固定板固定连接治疗床，且在治疗床的底部安装有丝杠，丝杠穿过设置在固定板上的丝杠螺母，丝杠与丝杠螺母螺纹连接，且在丝杠一端安装有第二电机，第二电机驱动丝杠转动，通过固定板带动治疗床沿着导轨移动，作与旋转机构相对移动。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、采用一个单一的放射源结构，轻便、灵活，使辐照设备可以随意操控，如按照球型或类球型，围绕病人以设计好的速度做扫描转动，虽然各个部位放射线都在转动中瞬间掠过，但球心焦点处始终被照射，焦点处可以得到以前无法达到的坏死剂量，即任何有生命的组织在此处均被杀灭，真正实现彻底杀灭靶区组织而周围组织不受损伤，这一放射外科追求的终极目标。
2.环保性能好，采用单一的放射源结构，放射源的强度低，比起普通伽玛刀的总活度六千居里可以成十倍地下降。
3、辐射系统体积小，可以更好地与现有的影像定位及各种追踪系统匹配，不易遮挡追踪设备的扫描，以至于形成死角。
4、由于放射源强度低，放射线的防护更容易，治疗室的建筑费用也大幅缩减。
附图说明
图1是辐射系统的结构示意图；
图2是本辐射系统的放射孔结构示意图；
图3是辐射系统的立体结构示意图；
图4是准直器另一替换结构示意图；
图5是实施例1中放射聚焦刀使用示意图。
图6是实施例2中放射聚焦刀结构示意图。
图7是实施例2中旋转架与辐射系统安装关系图。
图8是辐射系统运行轨迹图(1)。
图9是辐射系统运行轨迹图(2)。
图中：1、源容器；2、放射源；3、滑块；4、准直器；5、小孔；6、中孔；7、大孔；8、放射孔；9、辐射系统；13、治疗床；14、滑槽；15、凸起条；16、机器人；17、支撑座；18、旋转架；19、第一电机；20、齿槽；21、齿轮；22、伸缩支撑杆；23、导轨；24、固定板；25、丝杠；26、第二电机，27、转向机构。
具体实施方式
如图1-5,8，9所示，一种治疗肿瘤的装置，它包括辐射系统9、旋转机构与分体设置的治疗床13，辐射系统通过转向机构27固定安装在旋转机构上，所述的旋转机构驱动辐射系统作与治疗床13水平相对移动，所述的旋转机构驱动辐射系统沿着竖直方向伸缩旋转，辐射系统沿着球型或类球型轨迹绕平躺在治疗床13的病人旋转，且转向机构27驱动辐射系统9同步转向，辐射系统9始终照射病人的病变部位，对病人的病变部位做放射；所述的辐射系统9为一个单一的放射源结构；辐射系统以设计好的速度转动，使放射线瞬间掠过周围没有病变的组织。
辐射系统沿着球型或类球型轨迹运行，转向机构驱动辐射系统始终对准球心即病人病变部位；辐射系统水平移动一个间距如1厘米，同时，伸缩支撑杆按球形轨迹的数值伸缩一个距离，转向机构转动一个角度，如此反复运行，辐射系统仍然对准球心，使得辐射系统一直照射在病人的病变部位；采用一个单一个放射源照射，从而实现通过单一的放射源结构围绕癌变部位做球型或类球型轨迹的旋转放射，来杀死肿瘤。
所述的辐射系统9包括源容器1、放射源2、滑块3以及准直器4，放射源2设置在源容器1中部，源容器1上设有一开口，滑块3插在开口中，所述的滑块2向一侧滑动后形成放射孔8；所述的放射孔8为准直器；或另外增加一个管状准直器，所述的另外增加的管状准直器对应辐射系统放射孔处；所述的源容器1上设置的开口为角形凹陷，所述的放射源2设置在角形凹陷的角处，也就是源容器1的中心位置，由角形滑块3扣在所述的角形凹陷上，在角形滑块3的上下面上分别设有凸起条15，角形凹陷的上、下壁对应角形滑块凸起条15处分别设有滑槽14，通过凸起条15与滑槽14的滑动配合获取滑块3的移动；所述的放射源2为钴-“60”、镭-226源、铯-137源、铱-192源、碘-125，金-198源、锶-90同位素β源、锎-252中子源、X线治疗机、加速器产生的X线、电子束、高LET射线中的任意一种；所述的治疗床13包括床板以及设置在床板底部两侧的支脚，支脚支撑连接床板，所述的床板采用碳纤维或塑料或其它放射线可轻易穿过的材料制成；采用一带机械臂的机器人16构成所述的旋转机构与转向机构27；例如专利号：CN201310699650.5，公开公告日：2014.04.30，公开了一种空间串联旋转关节型遥操作机械臂及其组合。
实施例2
如图6-9所示，在步骤(1)的基础上，进一步所述的旋转机构包括支撑座17、安装在支撑座17上可旋转的旋转架18以及第一电机19，所述的旋转架18为一筒状体，在所述的支撑座17设置有圆形通孔，旋转架18旋转安装在圆形通孔内，旋转架18两端分别伸出支撑座17外，在所述的旋转架18的伸出一端或两端外周一周分别均匀设置有齿槽20，齿槽20与齿轮21啮合连接，齿轮21套装在第一电机19上，第一电机19安装在支撑座17的一侧或两侧；所述的旋转架18套在治疗床13的床板上，第一电机19驱动旋转架18绕治疗床13的床板旋转；在旋转架18内壁还设置有伸缩支撑杆22，伸缩支撑杆22朝向旋转架的中心位置伸缩，所述的辐射系统9通过转向机构27固定安装在伸缩支撑杆22的前端,所述的伸缩支撑杆22为余姚市兴欧特传动设备有限公司生产的XT05电动推杆。所述的转向机构27为一步进电机，所述的旋转机构的两侧对称设置有导轨23，所述的治疗床13的支脚通过滑块滑动安装在导轨23上，在治疗床13的一端设置有固定板24，固定板24固定连接治疗床13，且在治疗床13的底部安装有丝杠25，丝杠25穿过设置在固定板24上的丝杠螺母，丝杠25与丝杠螺母螺纹连接，且在丝杠25一端安装有第二电机26，第二电机26驱动丝杠25转动，通过固定板24带动治疗床13沿着导轨移动，作与旋转机构相对移动。
本发明采用一个单一的放射源结构始终照射病人的病变部位，且照射过程中单一的放射源沿着球型或类球型轨迹绕平躺在治疗床的病人旋转，且单一的放射源的射线在旋转过程中圆心不变，圆心就是病变区域，放射线以设计好的速度转动，瞬间掠过周围没有病变的组织，这样工作过程中，病变区域一直受到射线照射治疗，可以延长照射病变区域的时间，则坏死剂量就比以前要多，照射时间越长坏死剂量就越多，足以达到杀灭病变区域的组织，其他没有病变区域则射线瞬间绕过，不会长时间被射线照射，射线就不会对其他组织的有损伤，这样就可以在提高治疗效果情况下，还降低对人体其他组织的伤害；
现有的技术不是单一的放射源结构，而是若干个放射源结构同时进行定向照射，会聚一处进行灭杀病变区域，本发明中单一放射源的强度比多放射源的强度之和要低，但比其单个放射源要高。坏死剂量的多少与单一放射源的强度以及放射的时间成正比，本发明中是采用单一放射源进行围绕圆心球状旋转式照射方式，在放射强度低的情况下，延长放射的时间，从而提高坏死剂量，理论上达到满足灭杀病变区域的需要，但是实际操作中放射的时间虽然可以相对以往延长几十倍，不可能无限延长，为了考虑实际需要单一放射源的强度不可能非常小，必然要采用合理的高强度单一放射源，本发明中记载了：所述的放射源为钴-“60”、镭-226源、铯-137源、铱-192源、碘-125，金-198源、锶-90同位素β源、锎-252中子源、 X线治疗机、加速器产生的X线、电子束、高LET射线中的任意一种；现有技术中加速器产生的X线，例如，长度为40厘米的6兆伏(MV即百万伏)医用直线加速器，其产生的高能X线相当于千居里级钴60源的放射当量，普通钴60放射治疗机其单个放射源强度一般是2500居里至5000居里，目前市面上型号为GWXJ80钴-60治疗机的放射强度最大为8000居里；本发明中举例说的“伽玛刀由201个钴-60源，201个准直器，形成201条射线束射向一点”，该201个钴-60源的总强度是6000居里，平分下来一个放射源的强度大概30居里，通过上述数据可以看出单一的放射源的强度在可控范围内是可以变化的，本发明中“采用单一的放射源结构，放射源的强度低”，是操作要求，具体如何实现“彻底杀灭”的效果，要综合考虑病变区域，结合实际进行对最基础的数据(时间以及单一的放射源的强度)设定调控，这都是公知常识或现有技术，故本发明中没有详细描述，下面我们进行说明一下：实际操作中，至于是现有设备单个放射源的多少倍可以根据病变区域球心焦点处要求的剂量和总的照射时间计算出来，并留出余量。或采用一台小型化的加速器，比如长度为40厘米的6兆伏(MV)医用直线加速器作为放射源，该放射源的强度非常大，远大于实际需求。如果以直径80厘米的球型轨迹每间隔1厘米运转一圈，以这种方式球心要获得60Gy的坏死剂量，以目前的放射技术很易达到。而且球心以外是一过性的经过，所以一定是在2Gy以下这个正常范围内。但这个效果是以前任何设备都无法达到的。正是因为本发明技术最充分地利用了所有可用的空间，单一放射源进行围绕病变圆心位置，做球状旋转照射方式，延长照射时间，才能走完现有设备无法走完的最后一步(现有的立体定向放射治疗，肿瘤的放射剂量一般是20-25Gy，最大给予30-35Gy；剂量再无法向上提高)，即用大于或等于坏死剂量对肿瘤进行照射，一次性将肿瘤打死。因为球心以外的放射剂量被非常均匀地分散开，这种聚焦效果和用放大镜聚焦太阳光有异曲同工之妙；本发明是在目前现实实际中进行研发改进的，虽然本说明书中语言有不足之处，但是作为本领域技术人员也要根据目前现实存在情况下结合现有技术或公知常识，完全能够清楚得出本发明要表达的意思。
由于文字表达的有限性，而客观上存在无限的具体结构，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进、润饰或变化，也可以将上述技术特征以适当的方式进行组合；这些改进润饰、变化或组合，或未经改进将发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，它包括辐射系统、旋转机构与分体设置的治疗床，辐射系统通过转向机构安装在旋转机构上，所述的旋转机构驱动辐射系统作与治疗床水平相对移动，所述的旋转机构驱动辐射系统沿着竖直方向伸缩旋转，辐射系统沿着球型或类球型轨迹绕平躺在治疗床的病人旋转，且转向机构驱动辐射系统同步转向，辐射系统始终照射病人的病变部位，对病人的病变部位做放射；所述的辐射系统为一个单一的放射源结构；辐射系统以设计好的速度转动，使放射线瞬间掠过周围没有病变的组织。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，所述的辐射系统包括源容器、放射源、滑块以及准直器形，放射源设置在源容器中部，源容器上设有一开口，滑块插在开口中，所述的滑块向一侧滑动后形成放射孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，所述的放射孔为准直器；或另外增加一个管状准直器，所述的另外增加的管状准直器对应辐射系统放射孔处。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征是：所述的源容器上设置的开口为角形凹陷，所述的放射源设置在角形凹陷的角处，也就是源容器的中心位置，由角形滑块扣在所述的角形凹陷上，在角形滑块的上下面上分别设有凸起条，角形凹陷的上、下壁对应角形滑块凸起条处分别设有滑槽，通过凸起条与滑槽的滑动配合获取滑块的移动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征是：所述的放射源为钴-“60”、镭-226源、铯-137源、铱-192源、碘-125，金-198源、锶-90同位素β源、锎-252中子源、X线治疗机、加速器产生的X线、电子束、高LET射线中的任意一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，所述的治疗床包括床板以及设置在床板底部两侧的支脚，支脚支撑连接床板，所述的床板采用碳纤维或塑料或其它放射线可轻易穿过的材料制成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，采用一带机械臂的机器人构成所述的旋转机构与转向机构。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，所述的旋转机构包括支撑座、安装在支撑座上可旋转的旋转架以及第一电机，所述的旋转架为一筒状体，在所述的支撑座设置有圆形通孔，旋转架旋转安装在圆形通孔内，旋转架两端分别伸出支撑座外，在所述的旋转架的伸出一端或两端外周一周分别均匀设置有齿槽，齿槽与齿轮啮合连接，齿轮套装在第一电机上，第一电机安装在支撑座的一侧或两侧；所述的旋转架套在治疗床的床板上，第一电机驱动旋转架绕治疗床的床板旋转；在旋转架内壁还设置有伸缩支撑杆，伸缩支 撑杆朝向旋转架的中心位置伸缩，所述的辐射系统通过转向机构固定安装在伸缩支撑杆的前端；所述的伸缩支撑杆为余姚市兴欧特传动设备有限公司生产的XT05电动推杆。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，所述的转向机构为一步进电机。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的一种治疗肿瘤的装置，其特征在于，所述的旋转机构的两侧对称设置有导轨，所述的治疗床的支脚通过滑块滑动安装在导轨上，在治疗床的一端设置有固定板，固定板固定连接治疗床，且在治疗床的底部安装有丝杠，丝杠穿过设置在固定板上的丝杠螺母，丝杠与丝杠螺母螺纹连接，且在丝杠一端安装有第二电机，第二电机驱动丝杠转动，通过固定板带动治疗床沿着导轨移动，作与旋转机构相对移动。
PCT/CN2019/111391 2018-10-17 2019-10-16 治疗肿瘤的装置 WO2020078364A1 (zh)

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