WO2020074331A1 - Procédé et système permettant de faire fonctionner une éolienne - Google Patents

Procédé et système permettant de faire fonctionner une éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020074331A1
WO2020074331A1 PCT/EP2019/076652 EP2019076652W WO2020074331A1 WO 2020074331 A1 WO2020074331 A1 WO 2020074331A1 EP 2019076652 W EP2019076652 W EP 2019076652W WO 2020074331 A1 WO2020074331 A1 WO 2020074331A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
rotor
individual
rotor blades
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/076652
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Svenja Fischer
Karsten Warfen
Björn Zastrow
Original Assignee
Senvion Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Senvion Gmbh filed Critical Senvion Gmbh
Publication of WO2020074331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020074331A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/024—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades of individual blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05B2260/966—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by correcting static or dynamic imbalance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/331—Mechanical loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a wind energy installation which has at least two rotor blades, sensor signals which are suitable for characterizing a blade load on the at least two rotor blades being recorded, a blade load on the basis of the detected sensor signals and one Calibration function is determined, and the wind turbine, in particular the setting angle of the at least two rotor blades, is controlled on the basis of the blade load determined.
  • a control of an adjustment angle of the rotor blades is used.
  • the rotor blades are preferably individually rotated (pitched) during the revolution so that a total mechanical load that is introduced via a rotor hub, a rotor shaft and a gondola onto a tower of the wind energy installation can be minimized.
  • there is talk of an individual pitch control Individual Pitch Control).
  • strain sensors for example fiber Bragg sensors or strain gauges
  • sensors which are connected in such a way that only bending strains, but not normal forces due to temperature expansion or centrifugal forces, are taken into account.
  • sensors for measuring blade loads cannot be attached exactly to the place where, according to theoretical considerations, they should be attached. Furthermore, sensors can change their properties over time, so that calibration of the sensors is necessary.
  • the sensors are usually calibrated statically against the gravitational bending moment from the known mass and the known center of gravity of the distance from the rotor blade to the measuring point with the rotor blade in a horizontal position. To determine a possible offset of the sensors for measuring the blade bending moments, the rotor blade is preferably placed vertically.
  • the impact bending moment of the rotor blade which is essentially perpendicular to a reference plane of the rotor blade, or the swivel bending moment, which is essentially parallel to a reference plane of the rotor blade, can be addressed by rotating the blade positioning angle by 90 °.
  • the control On the basis of the control of the wind energy installation by means of a rotor blade feedback control, the control tries, in particular the 1 p load components, by cyclical, rotational frequency adjustment of the individual setting angles of the rotor blades compensate, which causes considerable, permanent blade adjustment activity.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating a wind power plant which has at least two rotor blades, comprising the following working steps:
  • At least one of the sensor-specific adjustment functions of the rotor blades is adapted in such a way that a difference between the individual blade loads of different rotor blades is at least reduced.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a system for operating a wind power plant which has at least two rotor blades, comprising:
  • Evaluation means set up to determine an individual blade load, in particular an impact bending moment, for each rotor blade on the basis of the sensor signals recorded on the respective rotor blade and a sensor-specific adaptation function of the respective rotor blade and for adapting at least one of the sensor-specific adaptation functions of the rotor blades in the way that a difference between the individual blade loads of different rotor blades is at least reduced;
  • Control means of the wind energy installation set up to control the wind energy installation, in particular the setting angle of the rotor blades, on the basis of the determined individual blade loads.
  • a setting angle in the sense of the invention is preferably an angle, measured about a longitudinal axis of the rotor blade, between a reference plane of a rotor blade and a rotor plane swept by the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade when the rotor rotates, which plane is preferably perpendicular to the rotor axis or, in the case of rotors with a cone angle, represents a conical surface area.
  • the setting angle is preferably defined as 0 ° when the rotor blade is in the operating position, ie. H. in operation with an optimal high-speed number, which delivers the maximum power on the rotor shaft.
  • the setting angle can also be defined as an angle between a rotor blade chord, which preferably extends at least substantially from a rotor blade leading edge to a rotor blade trailing edge, on a predefined profile cut of the rotor blade and the above-mentioned rotor plane or conical outer surface.
  • An impact bending moment in the sense of the invention preferably occurs perpendicular to the reference plane of the rotor blade. This is preferably perpendicular to the rotor plane when the setting angle of the rotor blade is 0 °.
  • Controlling a wind power plant in the sense of the present invention is preferably specifying setpoints of operating parameters of the wind power plant with the rotor rotating in the spin mode, in which the rotor blades are preferably in a flag position, or in production operation.
  • the control is preferably a regulation.
  • a matching function in the sense of the invention is preferably an assignment rule between sensor signals or blade loads as input variables and a blade load adjusted as an output variable between the rotor blades.
  • a calibration function in the sense of the invention is preferably an assignment rule between sensor signals or blade loads as input variables and an adjusted blade load as output variable.
  • a gain in the sense of the invention is preferably a proportional part of an adjustment function and / or a calibration function.
  • a means in the sense of the present invention can be embodied in terms of hardware and / or software technology, in particular a data processing or signal processing unit, in particular a digital processing unit, in particular a microprocessor unit (CPU), preferably connected to a memory and / or bus system. and / or have one or more programs or program modules.
  • the CPU can be designed to process commands that are implemented as a program stored in a memory system, to acquire input signals from a data bus and / or to output signals to a data bus.
  • a storage system can have one or more, in particular different, storage media, in particular optical, magnetic, solid-state and / or other non-volatile media.
  • the program can be designed in such a way that it embodies or is capable of executing the methods described here, so that the CPU can execute the steps of such methods and thus in particular can control and / or monitor a wind energy installation.
  • a time constant in the sense of the invention preferably characterizes a characteristic time period or decay time.
  • the time constant can preferably also be specified as a time period.
  • Sensor-specific in the sense of the invention preferably means individually for each sensor device and / or individually for each rotor blade.
  • Each rotor blade usually has a sensor device.
  • the invention is based in particular on the approach of at least reducing periodic, in particular circulating frequency, changes in a setting parameter which is used to control the wind energy installation.
  • this is achieved in that the determined individual blade loads, which are used to control the wind energy installation, in particular the vidual, setting angle of the rotor blades are used, are adjusted to each other.
  • the individual blade load is preferably an impact bending moment of each rotor blade.
  • the adjustment of the values of the individual blade load is accomplished according to the invention by an adjustment function which is taken into account when determining the individual blade load on the basis of the detected sensor signals.
  • the circulating frequency behavior of the individual blade load determined in each case can be reduced.
  • the circulating frequency behavior of the control parameter or the control parameters of the wind turbine, into which the individual blade load is included as an input parameter, is correspondingly reduced.
  • the periodic variation of the control parameter is reduced during an orbital cycle; in the ideal case, static periodic variations, which occur particularly frequently, are even completely eliminated by adapting the individual blade loads to one another.
  • the adjustment according to the invention of the sensor-specific leaf loads can also be referred to as homogenization of the individual leaf loads.
  • the invention allows loads on the adjustment system of the setting angle of the rotor blades, which are caused by control interventions due to rotational frequency load components or rotational frequency measurement errors in the load components, to be reduced.
  • the influence of measurement errors on the control of the wind turbine can be limited with the system according to the invention.
  • the deviation of a leaf load which is caused by a sensor drift or a sensor that is slowly becoming detached, would at least partially be compensated for by reducing the difference between the individual leaf loads.
  • the time constant A is selected such that the difference between the individual blade loads over a predefined period of time, over a predefined number of determined blade loads or over a predefined number of rotor revolutions is reduced to a value and / or reduced to a limit value e, the limit value e in particular which is zero.
  • the limit value e is preferably defined by an absolute value or a quotient.
  • the limit value e is more preferably approximately 63%.
  • the time constant A is advantageously chosen so that the differences between the loads on the individual blades resulting from the dynamic wind turbulence are retained in order to use them as the basis for controlling the individual blade pitch angles, the static differences in the loads on the individual blades that lead to periodic 1 p effects, but are compensated for by the adjustment functions.
  • This advantageous embodiment thus has the effect of filtering out the quasi-static circulating-frequency effects, in order not to unnecessarily burden the blade adjustment systems, but to allow the dynamic circulating-frequency effects, since they are the basis for the load-reducing individual sheet adjustment.
  • a predefined number of values of the determined individual leaf loads are taken into account on the basis of a predefined time constant A, which preferably defines a predefined time period, preferably not an older value, in particular an oldest value more is taken into account as soon as a younger value, in particular a youngest value, is taken into account.
  • Younger values are the most recently determined values. The most recent value is therefore the most recently determined value.
  • Older values of the leaf loads are taken into account in order to reduce interference effects by deviating the measured values, so-called single outliers.
  • a permanent deviation of the blade loads determined from the sensor signals, which makes an adjustment necessary, is taken into account by the gradually increasing influence of the younger values.
  • younger values of the individual blade loads are weighted higher than older values of the individual blade loads, preferably on the basis of a predefined time constant A, which preferably defines a predefined time period, in order to adapt the adjustment function.
  • A preferably defines a predefined time period
  • the at least one of the sensor-specific adaptation functions is continuously adapted, in particular before, during or after a respective control process of a large number of control processes.
  • the method according to the invention further comprises the step of determining at least one adjustment parameter of at least one of the sensor-specific adjustment functions on the basis of the difference between the individual blade loads on the rotor blades.
  • Such an adjustment parameter which is preferably in the form of a factor, in particular a gain, enables simple adjustment of the individual sheet load.
  • the evaluation means is set up to determine at least one adjustment parameter of at least one of the sensor-specific adjustment functions on the basis of the difference between the individual blade loads on the rotor blades.
  • values of the determined blade load are weighted in such a way that new values cause a change in the determined individual blade load of a rotor blade which has a predetermined limit value, e.g. does not exceed. This also enables a smoothed control behavior of the wind energy installation to be achieved.
  • the limit value z is preferably defined by an absolute value or a quotient.
  • the weighting is carried out in such a way that a change in the determined individual blade load on a rotor blade beyond the predetermined limit value z requires a large number of values, in particular at least a third of the values considered for adjustment.
  • This also results in a particularly smooth control behavior of the wind energy installation.
  • jumps in the setpoint specification for the setting parameters of the wind power installation can be avoided in this way.
  • Such an adjustment parameter is, for example, an individual adjustment angle for a rotor blade.
  • a delay function in particular a function of a PT1 element, is mapped when the values are taken into account.
  • a PT1 element in the sense of the invention is preferably a transfer function with proportional transfer behavior with a first-order delay.
  • the time response of a PT1 element with respect to an input value over time is preferably an exponential function.
  • a weighting A of the alignment processes is therefore initially K and gradually decreases over time, the longer the alignment processes have occurred. This course can be described mathematically by the following relationship:
  • T is a predefined time constant of the PT1 element.
  • the weighting of the values decreases the older the values are.
  • the at least one of the sensor-specific adaptation functions is only adapted if predefined criteria, in particular with regard to the operating conditions and / or an operating state of the wind power installation, are met when the sensor signals are detected.
  • the setting angle of the rotor blades essentially corresponds to the performance-optimized operating position with an optimal high-speed number, in particular if a collective setting angle of the rotor blades is below a predefined setting angle limit, in particular less than about 4 °.
  • the method according to the invention also has the following work steps:
  • the evaluation means is set up to give the value of the adjustment parameter each with a predefined limit value h, in particular 0.85 ⁇ h ⁇ 1.15, preferably 0.92 ⁇ h ⁇ 1.08. particularly preferably 0.94 ⁇ h ⁇ 1, 06, and output a status message, in particular a warning or error message, when the adjustment parameter reaches and / or exceeds or falls below the respectively predefined limit value h.
  • control comprises determining an individual setpoint angle setpoint for each rotor blade and the setpoint angle of each rotor blade is set on the basis of this individual setpoint angle setpoint.
  • Controlling a wind turbine with individual setting angles is advantageous since special features of the individual rotor blades can be taken into account in the control.
  • the sensor-specific blade loads are used as part of a rotor blade feedback control.
  • all sensor-specific adaptation functions are adapted, wherein an adaptation function for determining the blade load per rotor blade is taken into account.
  • the method according to the invention preferably also has the step of determining an average blade load on the basis of the individual blade load of all rotor blades, the sensor-specific adjustment functions being adapted on the basis of the average blade load.
  • the adjustment parameters of the sensor-specific adjustment functions are preferably determined on the basis of a difference between individual blade loads on the rotor blades and the average blade load.
  • the average blade load serves as a reference point for adjusting the individual Leaf loads. Such a common reference point is advantageous, in particular if there are more than two rotor blades.
  • the evaluation means is set up to determine an average blade load on the basis of the individual blade load of all rotor blades, the sensor-specific adjustment functions being adapted on the basis of the average blade load.
  • the determination of the individual sheet load is additionally carried out on the basis of a calibration function, the calibration function being adapted by means of calibration processes on the basis of the determined sheet load, with recent calibration processes depending on a predefined time constant B, which preferably characterized a predefined period of time, weighted higher than older calibration processes, the time constant B in relation to the calibration function being preferably smaller than the time constant A in relation to the adjustment functions, in particular 1.5 to 2.5 times smaller.
  • the different time constants ensure that the adjustment of the individual sheet load according to the invention takes place more quickly than a recalibration of a sensor device or a sensor.
  • the adjustment according to the invention of differences in the individual blade load should be superfluous and the adjustment parameter of each sensor-specific adjustment function 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind energy installation with a system for operating the wind energy installation
  • FIG. 2 shows a method for operating the wind energy installation according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind energy installation 1 with a tower 6, on which a tower head in the form of a machine nacelle 5 is attached.
  • the machine nacelle 5 is rotated vertically axis A can be rotated in order to be able to track the respective wind direction WR, indicated by an arrow.
  • a rotor 2 is rotatably mounted on the machine nacelle 5 about a rotor axis R.
  • This rotor has three rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c, by means of which a rotor hub 4 is set in rotation when the wind acts.
  • the rotor 2 is preferably coupled via a gear (not shown) to a generator device (not shown) in order to generate electrical energy.
  • the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c can each be pivoted about a longitudinal axis E of the rotor blade, the degree of pivoting being indicated by an angle of incidence.
  • the wind energy installation 1 also has a system 10 for operating the wind energy installation with a plurality of components, shown in FIG. 1 by the curly bracket.
  • the system 10 further preferably has sensor devices 30a, 30b, which are each arranged on one of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c, in order to detect the blade load on the respective rotor blade 3a, 3b, 3c.
  • Sensor signals S (not shown in FIG. 1) with sensor data are recorded in the system 10 and passed on by means of an interface 20 and to an evaluation means 40.
  • This evaluation means 40 is set up to determine blade loads M1, M2, M3 (likewise not shown in FIG. 1) on the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c on the basis of the sensor signals S.
  • a control means 50 of the system 10 is set up, on the basis of the determined blade loads M1, M2, M3 of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c, the wind energy installation 1, in particular the setting angles of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c about the respective longitudinal axis E of the rotor blades, adjust. In this way, safe, wear- and / or yield-optimized operation of the wind power plant 1 is ensured.
  • the arrangement of the elements 20, 40 and 50 shown is to be understood as an example, in an advantageous embodiment partial functions or the entire functionality of the elements 20 and 40 can also be arranged adjacent to the control means 50 in the rotor hub, or partial functions of the control means 50 adjacent to the elements 20 and 40 in the machine nacelle.
  • FIG. 2 A method 100 carried out by the system 10 according to the invention for operating the wind energy installation 1 is shown in FIG. 2 by means of a block diagram. Accordingly, the system 10 has means or modules, in particular the evaluation means 50, which are implemented and set up in terms of hardware or software in order to carry out such a method 100 in a computer-assisted manner.
  • a process for controlling the wind energy installation 1 preferably comprises three basic work steps on the basis of the blade load M1, M2, M3 of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c.
  • sensor signals S of the sensor devices 30a, 30b are detected. These sensor signals S characterize a blade load M1, M2, M3 present on the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c, in particular an impact bending moment.
  • the impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 on the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c are determined on the basis of these sensor signals S by means of an assignment rule in a second work step 102.
  • the setting angles of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c are determined individually on the basis of the impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 and any other control parameters of the wind energy installation 1 determined in a third step 103.
  • an adjustment function is taken into account in the method 100 when calculating the respective individual blade load M1, M2, M3.
  • This adjustment function is taken into account in particular as a calibration term in an assignment rule between the sensor signals S as an input variable and the individual blade loads M1, M2, M3 as an output variable.
  • the adjustment functions or adjustment terms have the effect, in particular, that differences between the values of the individual blade loads M1, M2, M3 of different rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c are at least reduced or even completely adjusted over a sufficiently long averaging time. This effect is referred to below as matching.
  • the matching terms preferably have at least one matching parameter AP.
  • this adjustment parameter is a so-called gain parameter or gain.
  • the assignment rule for determining the individual blade bending moment M1, in particular the impact bending moment, of a first rotor blade 3a preferably has the following form:
  • M1 (S) Gain ⁇ m ⁇ S + C, where m is a conversion factor from that part of the sensor signals S which relate to the first rotor blade 3a to the blade load M, gain is the adjustment parameter and in this case the adjustment term and at the same time C is a constant offset.
  • the gain would be 1.
  • the matching term is preferably adjusted continuously.
  • the at least one adjustment parameter AP is continuously adjusted in a work step 105a on the basis of the sensor signals S detected for controlling the wind energy installation.
  • the sensor devices 40a, 40b can change their properties over time (sensor drift).
  • the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c or even a device for adjusting the setting angle of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c can be damaged, which can result, for example, in new mass-related imbalances. Aerodynamic imbalances can also change, for example when aerodynamic attachments on the rotor blades, such as spoilers or vortex generators, fall off. All of these changes can result in new orbital effects. These can in turn be at least reduced by adapting or adjusting the at least one adaptation parameter AP.
  • a difference is preferably determined in work step 105a between the individual blade loads M1, M2, M3 of at least two rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c of the wind power installation 1, in particular the individual impact bending moment.
  • the respective impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 are determined using the matching term valid at that moment.
  • the matching term in particular its matching parameter AP, is then selected such that the difference between the values of the individual impact bending moments is reduced or, when viewed over a sufficiently long averaging time, is even completely eliminated. If only one sensor-specific adjustment function is used, preferably only one of the impact bending moments M1 is adjusted to the other of the impact bending moments M2.
  • the impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c are adjusted by means of an average value M, which is calculated in an additional work step 104, such as is shown in dashed lines in Fig. 2.
  • the individual impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 are then each compared with the average impact bending moment M and the respective adaptation term, in particular the respective adaptation parameter AP, is selected in work step 105a in such a way that the differences between the respective impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 are reduced, in particular eliminated.
  • the determination of the respective adjustment parameter AP of a respective rotor blade 3a, 3b, 3c is preferably a delay function, in particular a function that exhibits a behavior has a PT1 member used.
  • the delay function preferably has the property that in each case a predefined number of values of the determined individual impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 of this rotor blade 3a, 3b, 3c are taken into account. Alternatively, it is not the number that is predefined, but a time constant A, which preferably defines a predefined time period.
  • Such a delay function preferably has a behavior of a FIFO data memory or a ring memory.
  • older values of the respective impact bending moment M1, M2, M3 are then no longer taken into account when determining the adjustment parameter AP as soon as a more recent value of the same impact bending moment M1, M2, M3, which was currently ascertained at the Determination of the adjustment parameter AP is taken into account again.
  • the deceleration function preferably means that younger values of the respective impact bending moment are weighted higher than older values when calculating the adjustment parameter AP. The weighting between younger and older values also depends on the time constant A.
  • Both measures result in a statistical averaging of the values of the adjustment parameter, which in particular reduce the significance of short-term operating point deviations or measurement deviations.
  • a time segment of approximately 1200 seconds, for example, can be used as the time constant A.
  • the values of the determined bending moments are weighted in such a way that newly considered values bring about a change in the respective adaptation parameter that does not exceed a predetermined limit value z .
  • a change beyond this predetermined limit value z requires a large number of newly taken into account values of the impact bending moment M1, M2, M3, in particular at least one third of the values taken into account for adapting a matching term.
  • Statistically high-quality results can be achieved by using delay functions when matching the impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 of different rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c.
  • the influence of short-term incorrect measurements or effects, such as a temporary ice deposit, on the future calculation of the impact bending moment M can be kept low.
  • Such values of the respective impact bending moment M1, M2, M3 are preferably taken into account, during which during the detection of the sensor signals S, which are the basis of the respective determined individual blade loads M1, M2, M3 - Finished criteria, in particular with regard to the operating conditions and / or an operating state of the wind energy installation 1, are met.
  • the predefined criteria serve as a boundary condition for taking relevant measurements into account. Exemplary criteria here are the setting angle of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c, a rotor speed of the rotor 2 or an output of the wind energy installation 1.
  • the adjustment parameter AP Preferably, only those values of the respective impact bending moment M1, M2, M3 of the respective rotor blade 3a, 3b, 3c are taken into account for calculating the adjustment parameter AP, for which a collective setting angle lies below a predefined setting angle limit value of less than 4 °.
  • the rotor speed should preferably be above a predefined speed limit of 70% of the nominal speed, and the power should be above a predefined power limit of approximately 40% of the nominal power.
  • the criteria mentioned have the effect that, in order to determine the adjustment parameter AP, essentially values in the upper load range of the wind energy installation 1 are taken into account.
  • Adjustment processes of the control of the wind energy installation 1, in particular a change in the setting angle of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c, have only little influence on the impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 in this operating range, so that the values of the.
  • setting the adjustment parameter respective impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 are essentially the same over a certain period of time or are at least of the same order of magnitude.
  • a period of time of the presence of these boundary conditions is preferably measured in the method 100 by means of a time counter.
  • Time constant A is defined, a real time period, which is specified by this time constant A, can therefore be considerably longer than this time period.
  • the time constant A is preferably selected such that approximately 10 to 30 rotor revolutions are taken into account when determining the adjustment parameter. In this way, temporal and local fluctuations in wind speed and wind direction can be averaged out.
  • Employees who carry out repairs on the wind energy installation 1 can preferably reset the time counter and adaptation terms, in particular the adaptation parameters AP. This is done in particular when changes have been made to the setting parameters or design changes to the wind energy installation 1.
  • the wind energy installation 1 After a restart, in particular after a reset to a default state, the wind energy installation 1 preferably uses smaller time constants A than during operation. This allows a relatively quick, albeit statistically less precise, adjustment of the adjustment function after a restart.
  • Current operation is preferably defined as operation after a period after the restart, which corresponds to one to ten times the value of the time constant at restart.
  • the switchover is preferably automatic if the time recorded by the time counter exceeds a multiple of the smaller time constant A kiein the PT1 link setting .
  • limit values h are preferably specified for the at least one adjustment parameter AP.
  • the at least one adjustment parameter AP which was determined in work step 105a, is compared with this limit value h. If the value of the adjustment parameter AP lies outside the limit value h or limit value range, then a warning or error message is preferably given in one Step 106 output. In this way, increasing imbalances on the rotor 2 or a defective sensor device 30a, 30b can be reliably detected.
  • Measures to protect the wind energy installation 1 can then be taken on the basis of these messages. For example, the operation of the wind turbine 1 can be stopped in the event of an error message. Alternatively, the wind turbine can continue to be operated with a reduction in power and / or speed with reduced loads.
  • the method 100 described is preferably used together with a method for calibrating the wind energy installation 1.
  • a calibration is preferably taken into account by means of a calibration function.
  • an assignment rule between the sensor signals S as an input variable and the individual impact bending moments M1, M2, M3 of the rotor blades 3a, 3b, 3c as an output variable has, in addition to the at least one adjustment term, calibration terms, which can be generally referred to as a calibration function .
  • calibration terms can be used in particular to correct sensor errors and specific properties of the respective rotor blade 3a, 3b, 3c, so that a determined value of the respective blade load M1, M2, M3, in particular the impact bending moment, is as close as possible to the actual value .
  • the calibration terms preferably have correction parameters KP, similar to the matching terms.
  • such a correction parameter KP is determined on the basis of a respective sheet load M1, M2, M3 ascertained on the basis of the sensor signals S and of position data P and reference data R in a work step 105b.
  • the reference data R are preferably simulated target values of the individual blade loads M1, M2, M3 determined by reference measurements, the position data P indicate a position of the rotor 2.
  • this delay function is also preferably a delay function, in particular a function which determines the behavior of a PT1 element depicts, for use. As described above with regard to the adjustment, this delay function also has a time constant B.
  • the real time period required is the one that must be taken into account when using a delay function , until the calibration is completed, generally significantly longer than the real time period which has to be taken into account during the adjustment, because position data with respect to the rotor 2 are preferably not taken into account during the adjustment. This can occur even if the time constant B is selected to be significantly shorter in relation to the delay function during calibration than the time constant A during adjustment.
  • the adjustment is preferably 63% complete after 1200 seconds. Calibrating takes longer.
  • the determined values of the at least one adjustment parameter AP and possibly the correction parameter KP are subsequently used to determine the respective blade load M1, M2, M3 in work step 102 in the adjustment function and in the calibration function.
  • the values of the respective blade load M1, M2, M3 determined in this way are then used, as shown in FIG. 2, on the one hand to control the wind energy installation 1 in work step 103, and on the other hand are used in turn to adapt the adjustment terms and / or the calibration terms in the work steps 105a, 105b.
  • an adjustment of the individual blade load M1, M2, M3 and, if necessary, can calibration of the respective blade load M1, M2, M3 is carried out iteratively in several steps.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une éolienne, laquelle comprend au moins deux pales de rotor, le procédé comprenant les étapes de travail suivantes : acquisition de signaux de détection puisqu'ils sont appropriés pour caractériser des sollicitations sur les pales de rotor ; détermination d'une sollicitation de pale individuelle, en particulier d'un couple de flexion par choc, pour chaque pale de rotor sur la base des signaux de détection acquis au niveau de la pale de rotor respective et d'une fonction d'adaptation, propre à un capteur, de la pale de rotor respective ; commande de l'éolienne, en particulier de l'angle de calage des pales de rotor, sur la base des sollicitations de pale individuelles déterminées. Au moins l'une des fonctions d'adaptation, propres à un capteur, des pales de rotor étant ajustée de telle sorte qu'une différence entre les sollicitations de pale individuelles de différentes pales de rotor soit au moins réduite.
PCT/EP2019/076652 2018-10-10 2019-10-01 Procédé et système permettant de faire fonctionner une éolienne WO2020074331A1 (fr)

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WO2010016764A1 (fr) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Système et procédé pour compenser un déséquilibre de rotor dans une éolienne
WO2013182204A1 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne et système approprié
DE102014204017A1 (de) * 2014-03-05 2015-09-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Rotorblatteinstellung für eine Windkraftanlage

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WO2011096088A1 (fr) * 2010-02-08 2011-08-11 三菱重工業株式会社 Générateur électrique éolien et procédé de commande de pas de pales s'y rapportant
US20110229300A1 (en) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Apparatus and method for individual pitch control in wind turbines
EP2685096B1 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2015-10-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Dispositif de commande de pas de pale, aérogénérateur et procédé de commande de pas de pale
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EP2075561A2 (fr) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-01 General Electric Company Procédés et appareil pour la réduction des erreurs dans les mesures de chargement de rotor
WO2010016764A1 (fr) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-11 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Système et procédé pour compenser un déséquilibre de rotor dans une éolienne
WO2013182204A1 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne et système approprié
DE102014204017A1 (de) * 2014-03-05 2015-09-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Rotorblatteinstellung für eine Windkraftanlage

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