WO2020074012A1 - 超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置 - Google Patents

超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置 Download PDF

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WO2020074012A1
WO2020074012A1 PCT/CN2019/112667 CN2019112667W WO2020074012A1 WO 2020074012 A1 WO2020074012 A1 WO 2020074012A1 CN 2019112667 W CN2019112667 W CN 2019112667W WO 2020074012 A1 WO2020074012 A1 WO 2020074012A1
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wave
plate
hydraulic cylinder
hydraulic
making
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French (fr)
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朱斌
李俊超
孔德琼
任杰
吴雷晔
陈云敏
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels

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  • the invention relates to a geotechnical centrifugal simulation test device, in particular to a hydraulically driven push plate wave-making test device under supergravity conditions.
  • Waves are one of the main environmental loads to be considered in the fields of marine engineering and coastal engineering.
  • a wave-making device is needed to simulate the waves.
  • the scale-down time effect of geotechnical centrifuges can restore the prototype seabed stress field, which can reflect the field size compared to the wave test under normal gravity conditions. Wave-seabed foundation-offshore structure interaction problem.
  • the existing wave-making device under the condition of super-gravity generally uses a servo motor to drive the rocking plate to generate waves. Because the output torque of the motor is small, it is only suitable for the working conditions of lower acceleration and lower water depth; Install and fix the wave absorbing plate on the other side of the model box for wave decay. If the wave conditions change during the test, the position of the wave absorbing plate and the aperture ratio cannot be adjusted, resulting in poor wave absorbing effect.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydraulically driven push-plate wave-making test device under ultra-gravity conditions, which can realize high-frequency large-scale waves under high centrifugal acceleration to develop extreme waves-offshore structures-soily seabed foundation Interaction study; At the same time, an adjustable wave-absorbing plate is used for efficient wave-elimination.
  • an adjustable wave-absorbing plate is used for efficient wave-elimination.
  • the invention includes a wave-making unit, a wave-damping unit, a model box, a seabed model, an offshore structure model and two sets of hydraulic drive systems; a wave-making unit is installed on the inner wall on the left side of the liquid-filled model box.
  • the wave-making hydraulic cylinder is installed on the left outer wall of the model box; the right-side inner wall of the model box is equipped with a wave-removing unit, and the wave-removing hydraulic cylinder of the wave-removing unit is installed on the right wall of the model box; the bottom stop of the wave-making unit and the wave-removing unit
  • the groove formed between the bottom blocks is built with a seabed model, and the marine structure model is embedded in the seabed model; two sets of hydraulic drive systems installed outside the model box provide hydraulic pressure to the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder and the wave-absorbing hydraulic cylinder, respectively power.
  • the wave-making unit includes a wave-forming hydraulic cylinder, a wave-forming hydraulic cylinder piston rod, a wave-making fixing device, a wave-making plate, two wave-making plate sliders, two wave-making plate guide rails and a bottom stop of the wave-making unit
  • the piston rod of the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder of the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder extends into the inner wall of the left side of the model box, and is connected to the wave-making plate through the wave-making fixing device.
  • the bottom block of the unit is fixed to the bottom of the model box.
  • the bottom block of the wave making unit is equipped with wave guide rails on the front and back sides.
  • the two wave plate sliders and the two wave plate guides form the guide rail pair respectively. Driven by the piston rod of the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder, the plate can reciprocate linearly along the respective guide rail pairs, generating simulated waves.
  • the wave-removing unit includes a wave-removing hydraulic cylinder, a wave-removing hydraulic cylinder multi-stage piston rod, a wave-removing fixed device, a wave-removing plate, a wave-removing plate connecting piece, two wave-removing plate guide rails, and a bottom stop of the wave-removing unit ;
  • the wave-removing hydraulic cylinder multi-stage piston rod of the wave-removing hydraulic cylinder extends into the inner wall of the right side of the model box.
  • the wave-removing fixed device is connected to the wave-removing plate connector, and the lower part of the wave-removing plate connector is connected to the wave-removing plate.
  • the upper and lower sides of the connecting part are equipped with wave absorbing plate sliders
  • the bottom stop of the wave absorbing unit is fixed on the bottom of the model box
  • the right side of the model box is equipped with wave absorbing plate guide rails on both sides
  • the two wave absorbing plates slide
  • the block and the two wave-absorbing plate guide rails respectively constitute the guide rail pair.
  • the wave-absorbing plate can drive the linear reciprocating motion along the respective guide rail pair through the wave-absorbing hydraulic cylinder multi-stage piston rod, adjust the distance between the wave-absorbing plate and the model box wall, and adjust the settings Simulated waves.
  • the two sets of hydraulic drive systems have the same structure, and include a first check valve, a first hydraulic station, a supercharger, a centrifuge rotary joint, a hydraulic cylinder, a first filter, a second filter, and a first flow monitoring meter , Second flow monitor, first pressure monitor, second pressure monitor, first return tank, first hydraulic pump, third filter, servo valve, second return tank, second hydraulic pump, fourth filter The second hydraulic station and the second one-way valve; the first hydraulic station outlet is connected to the centrifuge rotary joint through the first one-way valve and the supercharger.
  • the centrifuge rotary joint outlet has two oil paths: the first oil Passing through the first filter, the first flow monitor, the first pressure monitor, the servo valve on the hydraulic cylinder, the second return tank, the second hydraulic pump, the fourth filter, the second hydraulic station, the second one-way
  • the valve is connected to the other inlet of the rotary joint of the centrifuge;
  • the second oil passage is connected to the second filter, the second flow monitor, the second pressure monitor, the hydraulic cylinder, the first oil return tank, the first hydraulic pump, and the third filter Entrance of the first hydraulic station; of the two hydraulic drive systems Cylinder are the wave clipping cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the model box is an aluminum alloy rectangular parallelepiped, and a plexiglass window is opened in front of the model box.
  • the servo motor is fixed in the middle of the connector of the wave absorbing plate.
  • the screw-nut structure is connected to the servo motor.
  • the wave absorbing plate is composed of two bonded grid aluminum alloy plates, and the top of the grid aluminum alloy plate is connected to the wave absorbing plate.
  • the lower part of the connecting piece is fixed, and the top of another grid-type aluminum alloy plate is fixed on the screw-nut structure;
  • the multi-stage piston rod of the wave-absorbing hydraulic cylinder drives the wave-absorbing plate connector along the horizontal direction of the wave-absorbing plate guide provided on the top of the model box Movement to adjust the distance between the wave-absorbing plate and the wall of the model box; driven by a servo motor to drive the position of the grid-type aluminum alloy plate fixed to the screw-nut structure to shift between the two grid-type aluminum alloy plates The relative position is shifted to adjust the aperture ratio of the wave absorbing plate.
  • the present invention is suitable for high-frequency large-scale wave-making under supergravity conditions.
  • the wave-making frequency and amplitude can be adjusted to meet the simulation of waves under different working conditions.
  • the distance between the wave absorbing plate and the model box wall and the opening ratio can be adjusted, which can meet the simulation of waves under different working conditions and improve the wave absorbing efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the structural principle of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a hydraulic drive system.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial structural view of the wave cancelling unit; Fig. 5 (a) is a front view of the partial structure of the wave cancelling unit, and Fig. 5 (b) is a side view of the partial structure of the wave canceling unit.
  • Fig. 6 (a) is the time history curve of the surface water pressure of the seabed model during the preliminary test (gravity acceleration 20g, model water depth 25cm, wave making frequency 3.3Hz).
  • Fig. 6 (b) is the time history curve of the surface water pressure of the seabed model during the pre-test process (gravity acceleration 20g, model water depth 25cm, wave frequency 4Hz).
  • Figure 6 (c) is the time-history curve of the surface water pressure of the seabed model during the preliminary test (gravity acceleration 10g, model water depth 17cm, wave-making frequency 3Hz).
  • Fig. 6 (d) is the time history curve of the surface water pressure of the seabed model during the preliminary test (gravity acceleration 10g, model water depth 17cm, wave frequency 2Hz).
  • wave-making unit 1-1, wave-forming hydraulic cylinder, 1-2, wave-forming hydraulic cylinder piston rod, 1-3, wave-making fixed device, 1-4, wave-making plate, 1-5 , Two wave-making plate sliders, 1-6, two wave-making plate guides, 1-7, wave stop at the bottom of the wave-making unit, 2, wave-removing unit, 2-1, wave-removing hydraulic cylinder, 2-2, Multi-stage piston rod for wave damping hydraulic cylinder, 2-3, wave damping fixed device, 2-4, wave damping plate, 2-5, wave damping plate connector, 2-6, two wave damping plate guide rails, 2- 7.
  • Servo motor, 2-8 screw-nut structure, 2-9, bottom stop of wave-removing unit, 3.
  • model box 3-1, plexiglass window, 4, seabed model, 5, offshore structure Object model, 6, first check valve, 7, first hydraulic station, 8, supercharger, 9, centrifuge rotary joint, 10, hydraulic cylinder, 11, first filter, 12, second filter, 13.
  • the second flow monitoring gauge 15.
  • Second hydraulic station 25. Second one-way valve.
  • the device of the present invention includes a wave-making unit 1, a wave-reducing unit 2, a model box 3, a seabed model 4, a marine structure model 5 and two sets of hydraulic drive systems;
  • the inner wall of the left side of the model box 3 is equipped with the wave-making unit 1, and the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder 1-1 of the wave-making unit 1 is installed on the left outer wall of the model box 3;
  • the wave-removing hydraulic cylinder 2-1 of the wave unit 2 is installed on the outer wall on the right side of the model box 3; the groove formed between the bottom stop 1-7 of the wave-making unit and the stop 2-9 of the wave-reducing unit has a built-in seabed model 4.
  • the marine structure model 5 is embedded in the seabed model 4; two sets of hydraulic drive systems installed outside the model box 3 provide hydraulic power to the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder 1-1 and the wave-removing hydraulic cylinder 2-1, respectively.
  • the liquid used in the test is generally a silicone oil with a certain viscosity, so that the similarity of wave propagation and soil consolidation can be satisfied under the corresponding supergravity conditions.
  • the seabed model is usually a sandy seabed or soft soil seabed, and the offshore structure model includes offshore wind turbines and oil and gas platforms.
  • the wave-making unit 1 includes a wave-forming hydraulic cylinder 1-1, a wave-forming hydraulic cylinder piston rod 1-2, a wave-making fixing device 1-3, a wave-making plate 1-4, and two wave-making plate sliders 1 -5.
  • Two wave-making guide rails 1-6 and wave-making unit bottom stop 1-7; the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder piston rod 1-2 of the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder 1-1 extends into the left inner wall of the model box 3 and passes
  • the wave-making fixing device 1-3 is connected to the wave-making plate 1-4.
  • the wave-making plate 1-4 is equipped with wave-making plate sliders 1-5 on the front and back sides, and the bottom block 1-7 of the wave-making unit is fixed at The bottom surface of the model box 3, the bottom block 1-7 of the wave-making unit are equipped with wave guide rails 1-6, two wave guides 1-5 and two wave guides 1-6
  • the guide rail pair is formed separately, and the wave-making plate 1-4 can be driven by the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder piston rod 1-2 to reciprocate in a straight line along the respective guide rail pair, generating simulated waves.
  • the wave-removing unit 2 includes a wave-removing hydraulic cylinder 2-1, a wave-removing hydraulic cylinder multi-stage piston rod 2-2, a wave-removing fixing device 2-3, a wave-removing plate 2-4, a wave-removing plate connection 2 -5, two wave-absorbing board guide rails 2-6 and wave-absorbing unit bottom stop 2-9; wave-absorbing hydraulic cylinder 2-1 of wave-absorbing hydraulic cylinder multi-stage piston rod 2-2 extends into the inner wall of the right side of the model box 3 ,
  • the wave absorbing fixed device 2-3 is connected to the wave absorbing board connector 2-5, the lower part of the wave absorbing board connector 2-5 is connected to the wave absorbing board 2-4, the front and back sides of the wave absorbing board connector 2-5 upper
  • Each is equipped with a wave absorbing plate slider, and the bottom stop blocks 2-9 of the wave absorbing unit are fixed on the bottom surface of the model box 3.
  • the right side of the model box 3 is equipped with wave absorbing plate guide rails 2-6 on both sides, and two wave absorbing waves.
  • the plate slider and the two wave-absorbing plate guide rails 2-6 respectively form a guide rail pair, and the wave-absorbing plate 2-4 can drive the linear reciprocating motion along the respective guide rail pair through the wave-absorbing hydraulic cylinder multi-stage piston rod 2-2 to adjust the wave reduction
  • the distance between the plate 2-4 and the wall of the model box 3 is adjusted to set the simulated wave.
  • the two sets of hydraulic drive systems have the same structure, and they include a first check valve 6, a first hydraulic station 7, a supercharger 8, a centrifuge rotary joint 9, a hydraulic cylinder 10, and a first filter 11.
  • Second filter 12 first flow monitoring gauge 13, second flow monitoring gauge 14, first pressure monitoring gauge 15, second pressure monitoring gauge 16, first oil return tank 17, first hydraulic pump 18, third Filter 19, servo valve 20, second oil return tank 21, second hydraulic pump 22, fourth filter 23, second hydraulic station 24 and second one-way valve 25; the outlet of the first hydraulic station 7 passes the first one-way
  • the valve 6 and the supercharger 8 are connected to an inlet of the rotary joint 9 of the centrifuge.
  • the outlet of the rotary joint 9 of the centrifuge has two oil paths: the first oil path passes through the first filter 11, the first flow monitoring meter 13, and the first pressure monitoring Gauge 15, servo valve 20 on the hydraulic cylinder 10, second return tank 21, second hydraulic pump 22, fourth filter 23, second hydraulic station 24, second check valve 25 connected to the rotary joint 9 of the centrifuge Inlet; the second oil path passes through the second filter 12, the second flow monitoring gauge 14, the second pressure monitoring gauge 16, the hydraulic cylinder 10, the first return tank 17, the first A hydraulic pump 18 and a third filter 19 are connected to the inlet of the first hydraulic station 7; the hydraulic cylinders 10 in the two hydraulic drive systems are the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder 1-1 and the wave-eliminating hydraulic cylinder 2-1, respectively.
  • the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder 10 is the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder 1-1 or the wave-eliminating hydraulic cylinder 2-1.
  • the servo valve has two hydraulic oil circuits, which are used to drive the pilot stage of the servo valve, thereby controlling the commutation of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the model box 3 is an aluminum alloy rectangular parallelepiped, and a plexiglass window 3-1 is opened in front of the model box 3.
  • the servo motor 2-7 is fixed in the middle of the wave-absorbing plate connector 2-5, the screw-nut structure 2-8 is connected to the servo motor 2-7, and the wave-absorbing plate 2-4 consists of two pieces
  • the grid-type aluminum alloy plate is composed of one grid-type aluminum alloy plate and the upper part of the wave-absorbing plate connector 2-5 fixed, the other grid-type aluminum alloy plate is fixed on the screw-nut structure 2-8;
  • the wave-absorbing hydraulic cylinder multi-stage piston rod 2-2 drives the wave-absorbing plate connector 2-5 to move horizontally along the wave-absorbing plate guide 2-6 provided on the top of the model box 3 to adjust the wave-absorbing plate 2-4 to the model box 3
  • the distance of the box wall; driven by the servo motor 2-7, the position of the grid aluminum alloy plate fixed to the screw-nut structure 2-8 is shifted, so that the relative position between the two grid aluminum alloy plates occurs Stagger to adjust the aperture ratio of the wave-absorbing plate 2-4.
  • Fig. 6 shows the time-history curve of water pressure actually measured on the surface of the seabed model in a series of hypergravity wave tests conducted by this unit, where Fig. 6 (a) is the acceleration of gravity of 20g, the model water depth of 25cm, and wave making The surface water pressure time history curve of the seabed model under the condition of frequency 3.3Hz; Fig. 6 (a) is the acceleration of gravity of 20g, the model water depth of 25cm, and wave making The surface water pressure time history curve of the seabed model under the condition of frequency 3.3Hz; Fig.
  • FIG. 6 (b) is the acceleration of seawater model surface water pressure time history curve under the condition of gravity acceleration of 20g, model water depth of 25cm, and wave frequency of 4Hz;
  • Figure 6 ( c) is the time-history curve of the surface pressure of the seabed model under the conditions of gravity acceleration of 10g, model water depth of 17cm, and wave-making frequency of 3Hz;
  • Time-history curve of water pressure on the model surface It can be found that the effect of wave elimination by setting the wave absorbing plate is good. Under different test wave conditions, the water pressure time history curve is smooth and complete.
  • the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge can generate a supergravity field n times the acceleration of the earth's gravity in the experimental cabin, which can reproduce the stress field of the prototype rock and soil body.
  • the supergravity test can weigh The large space-time evolution and catastrophic process of existing rock and soil bodies, the device of the present invention is mainly used for the simulation of seabed waves under supergravity conditions.
  • the model box 3 is installed on the centrifuge, and the centrifuge is turned on to conduct the test under supergravity conditions.
  • the main control computer sends the hydraulic servo drive to the wave conditions required for the test, and then opens the check valve between each hydraulic station and the rotary joint of the centrifuge to provide a source of hydraulic oil And turn on the hydraulic pump so that the hydraulic oil in the oil return tank can return to the hydraulic station, forming an oil source circulating supply.
  • the servo valve controls the hydraulic flow in the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder 1-1, so that the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder piston rod 1-2 performs periodic movement according to the set frequency and amplitude.
  • the wave plate 1-4 fixedly connected to the piston rod 1-2 of the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder through the fixing device 1-3 will be driven by the wave-forming hydraulic cylinder 1-1 through the stopper 1-7 located at the bottom of the wave-forming unit
  • the wave-making plate slider 1-5 moves linearly and reciprocally along the wave-making plate guide 1-6, driving the liquid in the model box to generate simulated waves.
  • the servo valve controls the hydraulic flow in the wave damping hydraulic cylinder 1-1, so that the wave damping hydraulic cylinder multi-stage piston rod 2-2 drives the wave damping plate connector 2-5 along the wave damping
  • the plate guide rails 2-6 make horizontal reciprocating motion, thereby adjusting the distance between the wave-absorbing plate 2-4 and the wall of the model box 3.
  • the wave-absorbing plate 2-4 is composed of two laminated grid-type aluminum alloy plates, the top of one grid-type aluminum alloy plate is fixed to the lower part of the wave-absorbing plate connector 2-5, and the other grid The top of the aluminum alloy plate is fixed on the screw-nut structure 2-8, and the screw-nut structure 2-8 is driven by the servo motor 2-7 fixed in the middle of the wave-absorbing plate connector 2-5 to drive and fix the screw -The position of the grid-type aluminum alloy plate of the nut structure 2-8 is shifted, so that the relative position between the two grid-type aluminum alloy plates is shifted, thereby adjusting the opening ratio of the wave-absorbing plate 2-4.
  • the wave making effect is observed through the plexiglass window opened in front of the model box as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the specific implementation uses Flow3D numerical simulation software to investigate the wavelet efficiency of different wave absorbing plate positions (represented by the distance from the model box wall on the side of the wave absorbing plate) and the aperture ratio of the wave absorbing plate under different wave conditions Numerical calculation, in which: the acceleration of gravity is 98.1m / s 2 (10 times the acceleration of gravity), the water depth is 0.15m, and the two frequencies f are 1Hz and 2Hz respectively. The results are as follows:
  • the wave elimination unit provided in the present invention that can adjust the aperture ratio and position of the wave absorbing plate can be based on The actual wave parameters are effectively adjusted to achieve efficient wave cancellation.
  • the invention adopts a hydraulic drive system to replace the wave-making method under the condition of super-gravity driven by a traditional servo motor, which can realize the wave-making at a higher centrifuge acceleration value, higher frequency and larger value to study the extreme wave-offshore structure -Soil-seabed foundation interaction.
  • the hydraulic drive system and servo motor are used to control the wave absorbing plate so that when the wave conditions change during the test, the position and opening rate of the wave absorbing plate can be adjusted accordingly to meet different wave absorbing requirements.

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Abstract

一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置。在充有液体的模型箱（3）左、右侧内壁分别装有造波单元（1）和消波单元（2），造波液压缸（1-1）和消波液压缸（2-1）分别位于模型箱（3）左、右侧外壁；造波单元底部挡块（1-7）和消波单元底部挡块（2-9）之间形成的凹槽内置有海床模型（4），海床模型（4）中埋设海工结构物模型（5）；模型箱（3）外的两套液压驱动系统经离心机旋转接头（9）分别向造波液压缸（1-1）和消波液压缸（2-1）提供液压动力。试验装置适用于超重力条件下高频大幅造波；采用推板式造波，液压驱动系统至造波板（1-4）的力转换系统相较伺服电机驱动所惯用的轮盘式力转换系统形式更为简单、可靠；在试验过程中，消波板（2-4）距模型箱（3）壁距离及其开孔率均可调节，可满足对不同工况波浪的模拟，提高消波效率。

Description

超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置 技术领域
本发明涉及土工离心模拟试验装置，尤其是涉及一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置。
背景技术
波浪是海洋工程及海岸工程等领域中需考虑的主要环境荷载之一。为研究波浪作用下海床地基土层及海工结构物的相互作用，试验中需要造波装置来实现波浪的模拟。近年来土工离心模拟技术的发展使得超重力条件下的波浪试验成为可能，土工离心机的缩尺缩时效应能够还原原型海床应力场，相较于常重力条件下的波浪试验能够反映现场尺寸的波浪-海床地基-海工结构物相互作用问题。
然而，随着世界各国的海洋开发不断向深海拓展，海工结构物将面临更大水深、更极端的波浪等更为严酷的服役环境。现有超重力条件下的造波装置一般采用伺服电机驱动摇板造波，由于电机输出力矩较小，仅适用于较低加速度和较低水深的工况；同时，一般采用离心机转机前预先安装并固定于模型箱另一侧的消波板进行消波，如若试验中波浪工况变化，由于无法调节消波板的位置及开孔率，导致消波效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置，能够实现高离心加速度下的高频大幅造波，以开展极端波浪-海工结构物-土质海床地基相互作用研究；同时采用可调节的消波板进行高效消波，在试验中波浪工况变化时，仍能够较大限度地减少发射波对原始波浪的干扰。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：
本发明包括造波单元、消波单元、模型箱、海床模型、海工结构物模型和两套液压驱动系统；在充有液体的模型箱左侧内壁装有造波单元，造波单元的造波液压缸装在模型箱的左侧外壁；模型箱右侧内壁装有消波单元，消波单元的消波液压缸装在模型箱右侧外壁；造波单元底部挡块和消波单元底部挡块之间形成的凹槽内置有海床模型，海床模型中埋设海工结构物模型；安装在模型箱外的两套液压驱动系统分别向造波液压缸和消波液压缸提供液压动力。
所述造波单元，包括造波液压缸、造波液压缸活塞杆、造波固联装置、造波板、两块造波板滑块、两条造波板导轨和造波单元底部挡块；造波液压缸的造波液压缸活塞杆伸入模型箱左侧内壁，通过造波固联装置与造波板连接，造波板底部前后两侧分别装有造波板滑块，造波单元底部挡块固定在模型箱底面，造波单元底部挡块顶面前后两侧分别装有造波板导轨，两块造波板滑块和两条造波板导轨分别构成导轨副，造波板在造波液压缸活塞杆带动下能沿各自导轨副作直线往复运动，生成模拟波浪。
所述消波单元，包括消波液压缸、消波液压缸多级活塞杆、消波固联装置、消波板、消波板连接件、两条消波板导轨和消波单元底部挡块；消波液压缸的消波液压缸多级活塞杆伸入模型箱右侧内壁，消波固联装置与消波板连接件连接，消波板连接件下部与消波板连接，消波板连接件上部前后两侧分别装有消波板滑块，消波单元底部挡块固定在模型箱底面，模型箱右侧顶面前后两侧分别装有消波板导轨，两块消波板滑块和两条消波板导轨分别构成导轨副，消波板能通过消波液压缸多级活塞杆带动沿各自导轨副作直线往复运动，调整消波板距模型箱箱壁距离，调节设定的模拟波浪。
所述两套液压驱动系统结构相同，均包括第一单向阀、第一液压站、增压器、离心机旋转接头、液压缸、第一过滤器、第二过滤器、第一流量监控计、第二流量监控计、第一压力监测计、第二压力监测计、第一回油箱、第一液压泵、第三过滤器、伺服阀、第二回油箱、第二液压泵、第四过滤器、第二液压站和第二单向阀；第一液压站出口经第一单向阀和增压器接离心机旋转接头一个入口，离心机旋转接头出口有两条油路：第一油路经第一过滤器、第一流量监控计、第一压力监测计、液压缸上的伺服阀、第二回油箱、第二液压泵、第四过滤器、第二液压站、第二单向阀接离心机旋转接头另一个入口；第二油路经第二过滤器、第二流量监控计、第二压力监测计、液压缸、第一回油箱、第一液压泵、第三过滤器接第一液压站入口；两套液压驱动系统中的液压缸分别为造波液压缸和消波液压缸。
所述模型箱为铝合金的长方体，在模型箱的前面开有有机玻璃窗。
伺服电机固定在消波板连接件中部，丝杠-螺母结构与伺服电机相连，消波板由两块贴合的格栅式铝合金板组成，一块格栅式铝合金板顶端与消波板连接件下部固定，另一块格栅式铝合金板顶端固定在丝杠-螺母结构上；消波液压缸多级活塞杆带动消波板连接件沿设于模型箱顶部的消波板导轨水平向运动以调节消波板到模型箱箱壁的距离；通过伺服电机驱动，带动固定于丝杠-螺母结构 的格栅式铝合金板位置发生偏移，使得两块格栅式铝合金板之间相对位置发生错动，从而调整消波板的开孔率。
与背景技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果是：
1)本发明适用于超重力条件下高频大幅造波。
2)采用推板式造波，液压驱动系统至造波板的力-转换系统相较伺服电机驱动所惯用的轮盘式力转换系统形式更为简单，可靠性加强。
3)在试验过程中，造波频率和幅值均可调节，以满足对不同工况波浪的模拟。
4)在试验过程中，消波板距模型箱壁距离及其开孔率均可调节，可满足对不同工况波浪的模拟，提高消波效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构原理剖视图。
图2是图1的俯视图。
图3是图1主视图。
图4是液压驱动系统图。
图5是消波单元局部结构图；图5(a)是消波单元局部结构的正视图，图5(b)是消波单元局部结构的侧视图。
图6(a)是预试验过程中(重力加速度20g，模型水深25cm，造波频率3.3Hz)海床模型表面水压时程曲线图。
图6(b)是预试验过程中(重力加速度20g，模型水深25cm，造波频率4Hz)海床模型表面水压时程曲线图。
图6(c)是预试验过程中(重力加速度10g，模型水深17cm，造波频率3Hz)海床模型表面水压时程曲线图。
图6(d)是预试验过程中(重力加速度10g，模型水深17cm，造波频率2Hz)海床模型表面水压时程曲线图。
图中：1、造波单元，1-1、造波液压缸，1-2、造波液压缸活塞杆，1-3、造波固联装置，1-4、造波板，1-5、两块造波板滑块，1-6、两条造波板导轨，1-7、造波单元底部挡块，2、消波单元，2-1、消波液压缸，2-2、消波液压缸多级活塞杆，2-3、消波固联装置，2-4、消波板，2-5、消波板连接件，2-6、两条消波板导轨，2-7、伺服电机，2-8、丝杠-螺母结构，2-9、消波单元底部挡块，3、模型箱，3-1、有机玻璃窗，4、海床模型，5、海工结构物模型，6、第一单向阀，7、第一液压站，8、增压器，9、离心机旋转接头，10、液压缸，11、第一过滤器，12、第二过滤器，13、第一流量监控计，14、第二流量监控计，15、第一 压力监测计，16、第二压力监测计，17、第一回油箱，18、第一液压泵，19、第三过滤器，20、伺服阀，21、第二回油箱，22、第二液压泵，23、第四过滤器，24、第二液压站，25、第二单向阀。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
如图1、图2所示，本发明的装置包括造波单元1、消波单元2、模型箱3、海床模型4、海工结构物模型5和两套液压驱动系统；在充有液体的模型箱3左侧内壁装有造波单元1，造波单元1的造波液压缸1-1装在模型箱3的左侧外壁；模型箱3右侧内壁装有消波单元2，消波单元2的消波液压缸2-1装在模型箱3右侧外壁；造波单元底部挡块1-7和消波单元底部挡块2-9之间形成的凹槽内置有海床模型4，海床模型4中埋设海工结构物模型5；安装在模型箱3外的两套液压驱动系统分别向造波液压缸1-1和消波液压缸2-1提供液压动力。
试验中采用的液体一般是具有一定粘度的硅油，使得在相应超重力条件下可同时满足波浪传播和土体固结的相似率。海床模型通常为砂土海床或软土海床，海工结构物模型包括海上风机和油气平台等。
所述造波单元1，包括造波液压缸1-1、造波液压缸活塞杆1-2、造波固联装置1-3、造波板1-4、两块造波板滑块1-5、两条造波板导轨1-6和造波单元底部挡块1-7；造波液压缸1-1的造波液压缸活塞杆1-2伸入模型箱3左侧内壁，通过造波固联装置1-3与造波板1-4连接，造波板1-4底部前后两侧分别装有造波板滑块1-5，造波单元底部挡块1-7固定在模型箱3底面，造波单元底部挡块1-7顶面前后两侧分别装有造波板导轨1-6，两块造波板滑块1-5和两条造波板导轨1-6分别构成导轨副，造波板1-4在造波液压缸活塞杆1-2带动下能沿各自导轨副作直线往复运动，生成模拟波浪。
所述消波单元2，包括消波液压缸2-1、消波液压缸多级活塞杆2-2、消波固联装置2-3、消波板2-4、消波板连接件2-5、两条消波板导轨2-6和消波单元底部挡块2-9；消波液压缸2-1的消波液压缸多级活塞杆2-2伸入模型箱3右侧内壁，消波固联装置2-3与消波板连接件2-5连接，消波板连接件2-5下部与消波板2-4连接，消波板连接件2-5上部前后两侧分别装有消波板滑块，消波单元底部挡块2-9固定在模型箱3底面，模型箱3右侧顶面前后两侧分别装有消波板导轨2-6，两块消波板滑块和两条消波板导轨2-6分别构成导轨副，消波板2-4能通过消波液压缸多级活塞杆2-2带动沿各自导轨副作直线往复运动，调整消波板2-4距模型箱3箱壁距离，调节设定的模拟波浪。
如图4所示，所述两套液压驱动系统结构相同，均包括第一单向阀6、第一液压站7、增压器8、离心机旋转接头9、液压缸10、第一过滤器11、第二过滤器12、第一流量监控计13、第二流量监控计14、第一压力监测计15、第二压力监测计16、第一回油箱17、第一液压泵18、第三过滤器19、伺服阀20、第二回油箱21、第二液压泵22、第四过滤器23、第二液压站24和第二单向阀25；第一液压站7出口经第一单向阀6和增压器8接离心机旋转接头9一个入口，离心机旋转接头9出口有两条油路：第一油路经第一过滤器11、第一流量监控计13、第一压力监测计15、液压缸10上的伺服阀20、第二回油箱21、第二液压泵22、第四过滤器23、第二液压站24、第二单向阀25接离心机旋转接头9另一个入口；第二油路经第二过滤器12、第二流量监控计14、第二压力监测计16、液压缸10、第一回油箱17、第一液压泵18、第三过滤器19接第一液压站7入口；两套液压驱动系统中的液压缸10分别为造波液压缸1-1和消波液压缸2-1。
上述的液压缸10即为造波液压缸1-1或者消波液压缸2-1。液压缸两路，一进一回用于驱动液压缸。伺服阀有两路液压油路，用于伺服阀先导级驱动，从而控制液压缸换向。
如图3所示，所述模型箱3为铝合金的长方体，在模型箱3的前面开有有机玻璃窗3-1。
如图5所示，伺服电机2-7固定在消波板连接件2-5中部，丝杠-螺母结构2-8与伺服电机2-7相连，消波板2-4由两块贴合的格栅式铝合金板组成，一块格栅式铝合金板顶端与消波板连接件2-5下部固定，另一块格栅式铝合金板顶端固定在丝杠-螺母结构2-8上；消波液压缸多级活塞杆2-2带动消波板连接件2-5沿设于模型箱3顶部的消波板导轨2-6水平向运动以调节消波板2-4到模型箱3箱壁的距离；通过伺服电机2-7驱动，带动固定于丝杠-螺母结构2-8的格栅式铝合金板位置发生偏移，使得两块格栅式铝合金板之间相对位置发生错动，从而调整消波板2-4的开孔率。
如图6所示为在本单位进行的一系列超重力造波试验中海床模型表面所实际测得的水压时程曲线，其中图6(a)是重力加速度20g，模型水深25cm，造波频率3.3Hz工况下海床模型表面水压时程曲线图；图6(b)是重力加速度20g，模型水深25cm，造波频率4Hz工况下海床模型表面水压时程曲线图；图6(c)是重力加速度10g，模型水深17cm，造波频率3Hz工况下海床模型表面水压时程曲线图；图6(d)是重力加速度10g，模型水深17cm，造波频率2Hz工况下 海床模型表面水压时程曲线图。可以发现，采用设置消波板方式进行消波的效果良好，在不同的试验波浪工况下，其水压时程曲线均光滑、完整。
本发明的工作原理：
离心机通过转臂高速旋转能在实验舱内产生n倍于地球重力加速度的超重力场，能够重现原型岩土体的应力场，利用超重力的“时空压缩”效应，超重力试验能重现岩土体的大时空演变与灾变过程，本发明装置主要用于超重力条件下海床波浪的模拟。
模型箱3安装到离心机上，开启离心机在超重力条件下进行试验。如图4所示，当造波开始时，主控计算机将试验所需的波浪工况下发液压伺服驱动器，接着打开各液压站与离心机旋转接头之间的单向阀以提供液压油源，并打开液压泵使得回油箱内液压油可回到液压站内，形成油源循环供给。
如图1和2所示，在液压伺服驱动器控制下，伺服阀控制造波液压缸1-1内液压流量，使得造波液压缸活塞杆1-2按照设定的频率和幅度进行周期运动，与造波液压缸活塞杆1-2通过固联装置1-3固定连接的造波板1-4将在在造波液压缸1-1带动下通过位于造波单元底部挡块1-7上的造波板滑块1-5沿着造波板导轨1-6作直线往复运动，带动模型箱内的液体生成模拟波浪。另一方面，在液压伺服驱动器控制下，伺服阀控制消波液压缸1-1内液压流量，使得消波液压缸多级活塞杆2-2带动消波板连接件2-5沿着消波板导轨2-6做水平往复运动，从而调整消波板2-4到模型箱3箱壁的距离。
如图5所示，消波板2-4由两块贴合的格栅式铝合金板组成，一块格栅式铝合金板顶端与消波板连接件2-5下部固定，另一块格栅式铝合金板顶端固定在丝杠-螺母结构2-8上，通过固定在消波板连接件2-5中部的伺服电机2-7驱动丝杠-螺母结构2-8，带动固定于丝杠-螺母结构2-8的格栅式铝合金板位置发生偏移，使得两块格栅式铝合金板之间相对位置发生错动，从而调整消波板2-4的开孔率。通过调节消波板位置和开孔率以达到较好的消波效果，通过如图3所示模型箱前面开有的有机玻璃窗观测造波效果。
具体实施采用Flow3D数值模拟软件对两种不同波浪工况下不同消波板位置(以距离消波板一侧模型箱壁距离表示)以及不同消波板开孔率情况下的晓波效率进行了数值计算，其中：重力加速度为98.1m/s 2(10倍重力加速度)，水深0.15m，两种频率f分别为1Hz和2Hz。结果如下：
表1 吸波板位置一定(距模型箱壁0.30m)不同开孔率吸波效率(％)
Figure PCTCN2019112667-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019112667-appb-000002
表2 吸波板开孔率一定(10％)不同吸波板位置吸波效率(％)
Figure PCTCN2019112667-appb-000003
上述结果可以发现，对于不同的波浪工况，消波板开孔率与位置对消波效率均有影响，因此本发明所提出的可调节消波板开孔率及位置的消波单元可根据实际波浪参数进行有效调节，从而实现高效消波。
本发明采用液压驱动系统代替传统伺服电机驱动的超重力条件下造波方式，可实现更高离心机加速度值下，更高频率和更大幅值的造波，以研究极端波浪-海工结构物-土质海床地基相互作用。同时，采用液压驱动系统和伺服电机控制消波板使得试验中波浪工况改变时，消波板的位置和开孔率可作相应调整以适应不同的消波需求。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置，其特征在于：包括造波单元(1)、消波单元(2)、模型箱(3)、海床模型(4)、海工结构物模型(5)和两套液压驱动系统；在充有液体的模型箱(3)左侧内壁装有造波单元(1)，造波单元(1)的造波液压缸(1-1)装在模型箱(3)的左侧外壁；模型箱(3)右侧内壁装有消波单元(2)，消波单元(2)的消波液压缸(2-1)装在模型箱(3)右侧外壁；造波单元底部挡块(1-7)和消波单元底部挡块(2-9)之间形成的凹槽内置有海床模型(4)，海床模型(4)中埋设海工结构物模型(5)；安装在模型箱(3)外的两套液压驱动系统分别向造波液压缸(1-1)和消波液压缸(2-1)提供液压动力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置，其特征在于：所述造波单元(1)，包括造波液压缸(1-1)、造波液压缸活塞杆(1-2)、造波固联装置(1-3)、造波板(1-4)、两块造波板滑块(1-5)、两条造波板导轨(1-6)和造波单元底部挡块(1-7)；造波液压缸(1-1)的造波液压缸活塞杆(1-2)伸入模型箱(3)左侧内壁，通过造波固联装置(1-3)与造波板(1-4)连接，造波板(1-4)底部前后两侧分别装有造波板滑块(1-5)，造波单元底部挡块(1-7)固定在模型箱(3)底面，造波单元底部挡块(1-7)顶面前后两侧分别装有造波板导轨(1-6)，两块造波板滑块(1-5)和两条造波板导轨(1-6)分别构成导轨副，造波板(1-4)在造波液压缸活塞杆(1-2)带动下能沿各自导轨副作直线往复运动，生成模拟波浪。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置，其特征在于：所述消波单元(2)，包括消波液压缸(2-1)、消波液压缸多级活塞杆(2-2)、消波固联装置(2-3)、消波板(2-4)、消波板连接件(2-5)、两条消波板导轨(2-6)和消波单元底部挡块(2-9)；消波液压缸(2-1)的消波液压缸多级活塞杆(2-2)伸入模型箱(3)右侧内壁，消波固联装置(2-3)与消波板连接件(2-5)连接，消波板连接件(2-5)下部与消波板(2-4)连接，消波板连接件(2-5)上部前后两侧分别装有消波板滑块，消波单元底部挡块(2-9)固定在模型箱(3)底面，模型箱(3)右侧顶面前后两侧分别装有消波板导轨(2-6)，两块消波板滑块和两条消波板导轨(2-6)分别构成导轨副，消波板(2-4)能通过消波液压缸多级活塞杆(2-2)带动沿各自导轨副作直线往复运动，调整消波板(2-4)距模型箱(3)箱壁距离，调节设定的模拟波浪。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置，其特征在于：所述两套液压驱动系统结构相同，均包括第一单向阀(6)、第一液压站(7)、增压器(8)、离心机旋转接头(9)、液压缸(10)、第一过滤器(11)、第 二过滤器(12)、第一流量监控计(13)、第二流量监控计(14)、第一压力监测计(15)、第二压力监测计(16)、第一回油箱(17)、第一液压泵(18)、第三过滤器(19)、伺服阀(20)、第二回油箱(21)、第二液压泵(22)、第四过滤器(23)、第二液压站(24)和第二单向阀(25)；第一液压站(7)出口经第一单向阀(6)和增压器(8)接离心机旋转接头(9)一个入口，离心机旋转接头(9)出口有两条油路：第一油路经第一过滤器(11)、第一流量监控计(13)、第一压力监测计(15)、液压缸(10)上的伺服阀(20)、第二回油箱(21)、第二液压泵(22)、第四过滤器(23)、第二液压站(24)、第二单向阀(25)接离心机旋转接头(9)另一个入口；第二油路经第二过滤器(12)、第二流量监控计(14)、第二压力监测计(16)、液压缸(10)、第一回油箱(17)、第一液压泵(18)、第三过滤器(19)接第一液压站(7)入口；两套液压驱动系统中的液压缸(10)分别为造波液压缸(1-1)和消波液压缸(2-1)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置，其特征在于：所述模型箱(3)为铝合金的长方体，在模型箱(3)的前面开有有机玻璃窗(3-1)。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种超重力条件下的液压驱动式推板造波试验装置，其特征在于：伺服电机(2-7)固定在消波板连接件(2-5)中部，丝杠-螺母结构(2-8)与伺服电机(2-7)相连，消波板(2-4)由两块贴合的格栅式铝合金板组成，一块格栅式铝合金板顶端与消波板连接件(2-5)下部固定，另一块格栅式铝合金板顶端固定在丝杠-螺母结构(2-8)上；消波液压缸多级活塞杆(2-2)带动消波板连接件(2-5)沿设于模型箱(3)顶部的消波板导轨(2-6)水平向运动以调节消波板(2-4)到模型箱(3)箱壁的距离；通过伺服电机(2-7)驱动，带动固定于丝杠-螺母结构(2-8)的格栅式铝合金板位置发生偏移，使得两块格栅式铝合金板之间相对位置发生错动，从而调整消波板(2-4)的开孔率。
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