WO2020073599A1 - 一种燃料电池氢气回收装置 - Google Patents

一种燃料电池氢气回收装置 Download PDF

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WO2020073599A1
WO2020073599A1 PCT/CN2019/077907 CN2019077907W WO2020073599A1 WO 2020073599 A1 WO2020073599 A1 WO 2020073599A1 CN 2019077907 W CN2019077907 W CN 2019077907W WO 2020073599 A1 WO2020073599 A1 WO 2020073599A1
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hydrogen
valve
fuel cell
storage tank
exhaust
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PCT/CN2019/077907
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高勇
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上海恒劲动力科技有限公司
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Priority to EP19871173.1A priority Critical patent/EP3751652A4/en
Priority to JP2021517988A priority patent/JP7154653B2/ja
Priority to US17/040,241 priority patent/US11804609B2/en
Publication of WO2020073599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073599A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04462—Concentration; Density of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04716—Temperature of fuel cell exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04402—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode exhausts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04761—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell exhausts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of fuel cell system control, in particular to a fuel cell hydrogen recovery device.
  • fuel cell As a new type of environmentally friendly power generation product, fuel cell has the advantages of no noise, no pollution, small size, long life, high energy conversion rate, easy maintenance and low cost.
  • a hydrogen fuel cell is a device that can convert hydrogen and oxidants into electrical energy and reaction products.
  • a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region generates hydrogen positive ions (or protons).
  • the proton exchange membrane helps hydrogen positive ions migrate from the anode region to the cathode region.
  • the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they will not mix with each other and produce an explosive reaction.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell When the hydrogen fuel cell is in the state of discharge, it is generally accompanied by water generation. In order to ensure that the normal operation and performance of the fuel cell does not deteriorate, it is often necessary to discharge the water and excess nitrogen generated in the fuel cell, that is, the fuel cell must require the fuel hydrogen and oxidant air to be operated at a metering ratio greater than 1, such an excess Part of the fuel hydrogen and excess air will carry the water inside the fuel cell directly to the outside of the battery.
  • the feasible solution is to use the excess air to carry the water generated inside the fuel cell and discharge it directly to the outside of the fuel cell, but it is not feasible to use the excess fuel hydrogen to carry the water from the anode area of the fuel cell to the outside of the fuel cell. Not only will precious hydrogen fuel be wasted, but exhaust gas containing excess hydrogen is directly dangerous.
  • Chinese patent CN204793044U discloses a fuel cell hydrogen recovery system, which includes a fuel cell, a hydrogen inlet valve, a hydrogen outlet valve, a hydrogen circulation pump, a shut-off valve, a container, an air compressor, a drain solenoid valve, a hydrogen inlet pipe, and a hydrogen outlet Pipeline, air inlet pipe and air exhaust pipe; hydrogen inlet valve is placed on the hydrogen inlet pipe, hydrogen outlet valve is placed on the hydrogen outlet pipe, the outlet of the hydrogen outlet valve is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump and the upper port of the container, The outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the shut-off valve, the outlet of the shut-off valve is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe between the hydrogen inlet valve and the fuel cell, the air compressor is placed on the air inlet pipe of the fuel cell, and the drain solenoid valve is placed in the container On the drainage pipeline, however, since the hydrogen outlet valve is opened once in a control cycle, the circulation pump and the shut-off valve must be opened correspondingly.
  • a fuel cell hydrogen recovery device including a fuel cell, a controller, a hydrogen recovery tube provided with a hydrogen circulation pump and a shut-off valve, an air inlet pipe and an air exhaust pipe respectively connected to the fuel cell, and hydrogen provided with a hydrogen inlet valve
  • the hydrogen recovery pipe is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe.
  • the device also includes a gas-liquid separation storage tank.
  • the storage tank is composed of a gas-liquid separator located at the lower part.
  • the storage tank is respectively connected to a hydrogen exhaust pipe and a hydrogen recovery pipe.
  • the gas-liquid separator separates the waste water and waste water through a waste discharge pipe provided with a waste discharge valve. Excess nitrogen is discharged.
  • a pressure sensor connected to the controller is provided between the hydrogen outlet valve and the storage tank inlet.
  • a nitrogen concentration measuring meter connected to the controller is provided in the storage tank.
  • the gas-liquid separator is provided with a liquid level gauge connected with the controller.
  • the waste discharge pipeline and the air exhaust pipe are connected in parallel, and a gas mixer is provided on the parallel pipeline to uniformly mix the hydrogen intermittently discharged from the waste pipeline and the air to reduce the hydrogen concentration.
  • a plurality of heat dissipation fins are arranged on the hydrogen exhaust pipe from the hydrogen outlet valve to the inlet position of the storage tank, the outer wall of the gas-liquid separation storage tank or the inner wall of the storage tank.
  • the volume of the storage tank is set according to requirements, and its range is 0.5-20L.
  • the control method of the device is as follows:
  • step 2) between adjacent exhaust states is a stack electrochemical reaction exhaust cycle.
  • the hydrogen outlet valve is opened at least once at equal intervals, and the hydrogen is circulated The pump and shut-off valve only open once.
  • the opening frequency of the hydrogen outlet valve is 1-10 times that of the hydrogen circulation pump.
  • the present invention has the following characteristics:
  • Exhaust gas buffer transforms the original gas-liquid separator without buffering and storing exhaust gas into an integrated gas-liquid separation storage tank.
  • the storage tank realizes buffering, storage and measurement judgment.
  • the gas-liquid separator is set at Under the storage tank, nitrogen and liquid water with large specific gravity can be effectively discharged.
  • the present invention pretends multiple heat dissipation fins from the hydrogen outlet valve on the hydrogen exhaust pipe to the inlet position of the storage tank, the outer wall of the gas-liquid separation storage tank or the inner wall of the storage tank, which can effectively and quickly reduce 70-80
  • the reduction of high-temperature exhaust gas to the outside temperature is conducive to improving the efficiency of gas-liquid separation and ensuring the safety performance of the storage tank.
  • Exhaust gas is uniform and safe: the present invention connects the waste gas exhaust pipeline and the air exhaust pipe in parallel, and a gas mixer for uniformly mixing turbulent flow is provided on the pipeline after the parallel connection, so the exhaust gas discharged in this way is stacked A large amount of air discharged after the reaction is motive, and the hydrogen in the exhaust gas is turbulent and uniformly mixed with the air in the gas mixer, so that the concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gas finally discharged is less than 2% and uniform, effectively ensuring the safety of the exhaust gas .
  • the present invention adopts logical judgment of non-interference to independently judge each other when controlling the discharge of liquid water and hydrogen recovery, and uses the pressure threshold range to control the cycle of the hydrogen outlet valve and the circulation pump sexual opening and closing, through the nitrogen concentration or liquid water level to control the opening and closing of the waste valve, easy to control.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a control timing chart of the present invention.
  • Fuel cell 2. Hydrogen inlet valve, 3. Hydrogen outlet valve, 4. Hydrogen circulation pump, 5. Shut-off valve, 6. Gas-liquid separation storage tank, 61, storage tank, 611, pressure sensor, 612, nitrogen concentration Measuring gauge, 62, gas-liquid separator, 621, liquid level gauge, 7, exhaust valve, 8, hydrogen inlet pipe, 9, hydrogen exhaust pipe, 10, air exhaust pipe, 11, air inlet pipe, 12, Stack output voltage positive, 13, stack output voltage negative, 14, gas mixer.
  • Gas-liquid separation storage tank 61, storage tank, 611, pressure sensor, 612, nitrogen concentration Measuring gauge, 62, gas-liquid separator, 621, liquid level gauge, 7, exhaust valve, 8, hydrogen inlet pipe, 9, hydrogen exhaust pipe, 10, air exhaust pipe, 11, air inlet pipe, 12, Stack output voltage positive, 13, stack output voltage negative, 14, gas mixer.
  • the present invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen recovery device, including a fuel cell 1, a controller, a hydrogen recovery tube provided with a hydrogen circulation pump 4 and a shut-off valve 5, and air inlet tubes respectively connected to the fuel cell 1 11 and an air exhaust pipe 10, a hydrogen inlet pipe 8 provided with a hydrogen inlet valve 2 and a hydrogen exhaust pipe 9 provided with a hydrogen outlet valve 3, a hydrogen recovery pipe is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe 8, the device also includes an integrated
  • the gas-liquid separation storage tank 6 is integrally formed by the upper storage tank 61 and the lower gas-liquid separator 62 or separated and connected through a mesh, and the storage tank 61 is respectively connected to the hydrogen exhaust pipe 9 and hydrogen
  • the recovery pipe is connected, and the gas-liquid separator 62 discharges waste water and excess nitrogen through a waste pipe provided with a waste valve 7.
  • the controller is respectively connected with a hydrogen circulation pump 4, a shut-off valve 5, a waste valve 7, and a hydrogen outlet valve 3. 1.
  • the hydrogen inlet valve 2 is connected, and the storage tank 61 is provided with a pressure sensor 611 connected to the controller at the connection with the hydrogen exhaust pipe 9.
  • the storage tank 61 is provided with a nitrogen concentration meter 612 connected to the controller for detecting the nitrogen concentration.
  • the gas-liquid separator 62 is provided with a liquid level meter 621 connected to the controller, for detecting the liquid level of the liquid water.
  • the waste discharge pipeline is connected in parallel with the air exhaust pipe 10, and a gas mixer 14 for uniformly mixing turbulent flow is provided on the parallel pipeline to uniformly discharge the hydrogen and air intermittently discharged from the waste pipeline After mixing, reduce the hydrogen concentration.
  • a plurality of heat dissipation fins are provided on the hydrogen exhaust pipe 9 from the hydrogen outlet valve 3 to the inlet position of the storage tank 61, the outer wall of the gas-liquid separation storage tank 6 or the inner wall of the storage tank 61.
  • the volume of the storage tank 61 is set according to specific requirements, and its range is selected to be 0.5-20L to ensure that it can store exhaust gas discharged multiple times.
  • control method of this device is as follows:
  • a stack electrochemical reaction exhaust cycle T0 open the hydrogen outlet valve 3 to make the device enter the exhaust state (between adjacent exhaust states is a stack electrochemical reaction exhaust cycle, in the same stack
  • the hydrogen outlet valve 3 is opened at equal intervals multiple times (that is, in a single exhaust state), and the hydrogen circulation pump 4 and the shut-off valve 5 are only opened once (time duration is T2).
  • time duration is T2
  • the opening frequency of the hydrogen outlet valve 3 is 1-10 times the opening frequency of the hydrogen circulation pump 4).
  • the hydrogen outlet valve 3 is opened several times for a short period of time to discharge the exhaust gas from the reactor into the storage tank 61.
  • the storage tank is used to store and buffer the exhaust gas and store the exhaust gas uniformly.
  • the shut-off valve 5 does not need to open and close with the hydrogen outlet valve 3 every time, which increases the service life and facilitates unified detection and control.
  • the opening time T1 of the hydrogen outlet valve 3 is typical but not limited to 0.1-0.15 seconds.
  • the frequency is typical but not limited to 1-10 times.

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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，包括燃料电池、控制器、设有氢气循环泵和截止阀的氢气回收管、分别与燃料电池连接的空气入口管和空气排气管、设有氢气进口阀的氢气进口管以及设有氢气出口阀的氢气排气管，所述的氢气回收管与氢气进口管连接，其特征在于，该装置还包括一体式的气液分离储罐，所述的气液分离储罐由上部的储罐和下部的气液分离器一体成型，所述的储罐分别与氢气排气管和氢气回收管连接，所述的气液分离器通过设有排废阀的排废管将废水和多余的氮气排出，与现有技术相比，本发明具有废气缓冲、有效降温、排气均匀安全、排放液态水与氢气回收互不干扰等优点。

Description

一种燃料电池氢气回收装置 技术领域
本发明涉及燃料电池系统控制领域，尤其是涉及一种燃料电池氢气回收装置。
背景技术
燃料电池作为一种新型的环保发电产品，具有无噪声、无污染、体积小、寿命长、能量转换率高、便于维护和成本低等优点。
氢燃料电池是一种能够将氢及氧化剂转化成电能及反应产物的装置。采用氢气为燃料，含有氧气的空气为氧化剂(或纯氧为氧化剂)的质子交换膜燃料电池中，燃料氢气在阳极区的催化电化学反应就产生了氢正离子(或叫质子)。质子交换膜帮助氢正离子从阳极区迁移到阴极区。除此之外，质子交换膜将含氢气燃料的气流与含氧的气流分隔开来，使它们不会相互混合而产生爆发式反应。
在氢燃料电池处于运行状态放电过程时，一般都伴随着水生成。为了保证燃料电池的正常运行与性能不下降，往往需要将燃料电池内部生成的水和多余的氮气排出，即燃料电池必须需要燃料氢气和氧化剂空气在大于1的计量比的状态下运行，这样过量的燃料氢气与过量的空气部分会携带燃料电池内部的水直接排放到电池外部。
现在可行的方案是通过采用过量的空气携带燃料电池内部生成的水一同直接排放到燃料电池外部，但是采用过量的燃料氢气携带燃料电池阳极区的水一同排放到燃料电池外部是不可行的，这样不仅会浪费宝贵的燃料氢气，并且含有过量氢气的废气直接排放是很危险的。
中国专利CN204793044U公开了一种燃料电池氢气回收系统，该系统包括燃料电池、氢气进口阀、氢气出口阀、氢气循环泵、截止阀、容器、空气压缩机、排水电磁阀、氢气入口管道、氢气出口管道、空气入口管道和空气排气管道；氢气进口阀置于氢气入口管道上，氢气出口阀置于氢气出口管道上，氢气出口阀的出口同时与氢气循环泵的入口和容器的上口相连，氢气循环泵的出口与截止阀的入口相连，截止阀的出口与氢气进口阀和燃料电池之间的氢气入口管道相连，空气压缩机置于燃料电池的空气入口管道上，排水电磁阀置于容器的排水管道上，但是，由于在一个控制周期内，每打开一次氢气出口阀就要相应的打开一次循环泵和截止阀， 操作过于频繁，会降低电磁阀的使用寿命并且存在多次操作的泄露风险，并且这样排出的废气不均匀，也有安全风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种燃料电池氢气回收装置
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，包括燃料电池、控制器、设有氢气循环泵和截止阀的氢气回收管、分别与燃料电池连接的空气入口管和空气排气管、设有氢气进口阀的氢气进口管以及设有氢气出口阀的氢气排气管，所述的氢气回收管与氢气进口管连接，该装置还包括气液分离储罐，所述的气液分离储罐由上下相互连通位于上部的储罐和位于下部的气液分离器组成，所述的储罐分别与氢气排气管和氢气回收管连接，所述的气液分离器通过设有排废阀的排废管将废水和多余的氮气排出。
在氢气出口阀与储罐入口之间设有与控制器连接的压力传感器。
所述的储罐内设有与控制器连接的氮气浓度测量计。
所述的气液分离器内设有与控制器连接的液位计。
所述的排废管路与空气排气管并接连通，并在并接后的管路上设置气体混合器，用以将排废管路间歇性排出的氢气与空气均匀混合后降低氢气浓度。
在氢气排气管上氢气出口阀至储罐入口位置处、气液分离储罐外壁或储罐内壁设置多个散热翅片。
所述的储罐的容积按需求设置，其范围为0.5-20L。
该装置的控制方法如下：
1)开启氢气进口阀并保持氢气进口管开通，同时保持氢气出口电磁阀、截止阀、氢气循环泵和排废阀关闭，燃料电池电堆开始反应；
2)在一个电堆电化学反应排气周期内，打开氢气出口阀，使装置进入排气状态，在将带有水、氮气和氢气的废气进入到储罐后，当压力传感器检测到的废气压力值超过设定的压力上限值时，同时打开氢气循环泵和截止阀抽取储罐内的氢气使其回到氢气进口管中；
3)当氮气浓度测量计检测到的储罐内氮气浓度值高于设定的氮气浓度阈值或液位计检测到的水位高于设定的水位阈值时，打开排废阀将分离后的液态水和多余 的氮气排出，关闭排废阀直至排空；
4)当检测到的压力传感器检测到的废气压力值低于设定的压力下限值时，关闭氢气循环泵和截止阀，开始下个电堆电化学反应排气周期的控制。
所述的步骤2)中，相邻排气状态之间为一个电堆电化学反应排气周期，在同一电堆电化学反应排气周期内，氢气出口阀至少一次等间隔的开启，氢气循环泵和截止阀仅开启一次。
在同一电堆电化学反应排气周期内，氢气出口阀的开启频率为氢气循环泵开启频率的1-10倍。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下特点：
一、废气缓冲：本发明将原有的不具有缓冲存储废气功能的气液分离器改装为一个一体化的气液分离储罐，储罐实现缓冲、存储和测量判断，气液分离器设置在储罐下方，能够有效的将比重较大的氮气和液态水顺利排出。
二、有效降温：本发明在氢气排气管上氢气出口阀至储罐入口位置处、气液分离储罐外壁或储罐内壁假装多个散热翅片，能够有效快速的将70-80度的高温废气降低到外界温度，有利于提高气液分离的效率，保证储罐的安全性能。
三、排气均匀安全：本发明将废气排废管路与空气排气管并接连通，并在并接后管路上设置用以均匀混合紊流的气体混合器，这样排放的废气以电堆反应后排出的大量空气为动力，在气体混合器将废气中的氢气与空气进行紊流并均匀混合，使得最终排放的废气中氢气浓度低于2％并且均匀，有效的保证了废气的安全性。
四、排放液态水与氢气回收互不干扰：本发明在控制液态水的排放和氢气回收时分别采用互不干扰的逻辑判断进行独立判断，采用压力阈值范围来控制氢气出口阀、循环泵的周期性启闭，通过氮气浓度或液态水位来控制排废阀的启闭，在控制上易于实现。
附图说明
图1为本发明的装置结构图。
图2为本发明的控制时序图。
图中标记说明：
1、燃料电池，2、氢气进口阀，3、氢气出口阀，4、氢气循环泵，5、截止阀，6、气液分离储罐，61、储罐，611、压力传感器，612、氮气浓度测量计，62、气 液分离器，621、液位计，7、排废阀，8、氢气进口管，9、氢气排气管，10、空气排气管，11、空气入口管，12、电堆输出电压正极，13、电堆输出电压负极，14、气体混合器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例
如图1所示，本发明提供一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，包括燃料电池1、控制器、设有氢气循环泵4和截止阀5的氢气回收管、分别与燃料电池1连接的空气入口管11和空气排气管10、设有氢气进口阀2的氢气进口管8以及设有氢气出口阀3的氢气排气管9，氢气回收管与氢气进口管8连接，该装置还包括一体式的气液分离储罐6，气液分离储罐6由上部的储罐61和下部的气液分离器62一体成型或者分体通过网孔连通设置，储罐61分别与氢气排气管9和氢气回收管连接，气液分离器62通过设有排废阀7的排废管将废水和多余的氮气排出，控制器分别与氢气循环泵4、截止阀5、排废阀7、氢气出口阀3、氢气进口阀2连接，储罐61在与氢气排气管9连接处设有与控制器连接的压力传感器611。
储罐61内设有与控制器连接的氮气浓度测量计612，用以检测氮气浓度。
气液分离器62内设有与控制器连接的液位计621，用以检测液态水的液位。
排废管路与空气排气管10并接连通，并在并接后的管路上设置用以均匀混合紊流的气体混合器14，用以将排废管路间歇性排出的氢气与空气均匀混合后降低氢气浓度。
在氢气排气管9上氢气出口阀3至储罐61入口位置处、气液分离储罐6外壁或储罐61内壁设置多个散热翅片。
本例中，储罐61的容积按具体需求设置，其范围选择为0.5-20L，保证能够存储多次排出的废气。
如图2所示，本装置的控制方法如下：
1)开启氢气进口阀2并保持氢气进口管8开通，同时保持氢气出口电磁阀3、截止阀5、氢气循环泵4和排废阀7关闭，燃料电池1电堆开始反应；
2)在一个电堆电化学反应排气周期T0内，打开氢气出口阀3，使装置进入排气状态(相邻排气状态之间为一个电堆电化学反应排气周期，在同一电堆电化学反 应排气周期内，氢气出口阀3多次等间隔的开启(即为一次排气状态)，氢气循环泵4和截止阀5仅开启一次(时长为T2)，本例中，在同一电堆电化学反应排气周期内，氢气出口阀3的开启频率为氢气循环泵4开启频率的1-10倍)，在将带有水、氮气和氢气的废气进入到储罐61后，当压力传感器611检测到的废气压力值超过设定的压力上限值时，同时打开氢气循环泵4和截止阀5抽取储罐61内的氢气使其回到氢气进口管8中；
3)当氮气浓度测量计612检测到的储罐内氮气浓度值高于设定的氮气浓度阈值或液位计621检测到的水位高于设定的水位阈值时，打开排废阀7将分离后的液态水和多余的氮气排出，关闭排废阀7直至排空(时长为T3)；
4)当检测到的压力传感器611检测到的废气压力值低于设定的压力下限值时，关闭氢气循环泵4和截止阀5，开始下个电堆电化学反应排气周期的控制。
本发明通过多次短暂等时长地打开氢气出口阀3平均的将电堆反应的废气排入到储罐61中，储罐用以收纳并缓冲这些废气并将废气统一存储，这样的话，截止阀5、氢气循环泵4没有必要每次都跟随氢气出口阀3启闭，增加了使用寿命而且便于统一检测控制，本例中氢气出口阀3每次开启时间T1典型但不限于0.1-0.15秒，次数典型但不限于1-10次。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，包括燃料电池(1)、控制器、设有氢气循环泵(4)和截止阀(5)的氢气回收管、分别与燃料电池(1)连接的空气入口管(11)和空气排气管(10)、设有氢气进口阀(2)的氢气进口管(8)以及设有氢气出口阀(3)的氢气排气管(9)，所述的氢气回收管与氢气进口管(8)连接，其特征在于，该装置还包括气液分离储罐(6)，所述的气液分离储罐(6)由上下相互连通位于上部的储罐(61)和位于下部的气液分离器(62)组成，所述的储罐(61)分别与氢气排气管(9)和氢气回收管连接，所述的气液分离器(62)通过设有排废阀(7)的排废管将废水和多余的氮气排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，在氢气出口阀(3)与储罐(61)入口之间设有与控制器连接的压力传感器(611)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，所述的储罐(61)内设有与控制器连接的氮气浓度测量计(612)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，所述的气液分离器(62)内设有与控制器连接的液位计(621)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，所述的排废管路与空气排气管(10)并接连通，并在并接后的管路上设置气体混合器(14)，用以将排废管路间歇性排出的氢气与空气均匀混合后降低氢气浓度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，在氢气排气管(9)上氢气出口阀(3)至储罐(61)入口位置处、气液分离储罐(6)外壁或储罐(61)内壁设置多个散热翅片。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，所述的储罐(61)的容积按需求设置，其范围为0.5-20L。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，该装置的控制方法如下：
    1)开启氢气进口阀(2)并保持氢气进口管(8)开通，同时保持氢气出口电磁阀(3)、截止阀(5)、氢气循环泵(4)和排废阀(7)关闭，燃料电池(1)电堆开始反应；
    2)在一个电堆电化学反应排气周期内，打开氢气出口阀(3)，使装置进入排 气状态，在将带有水、氮气和氢气的废气进入到储罐(61)后，当压力传感器(611)检测到的废气压力值超过设定的压力上限值时，同时打开氢气循环泵(4)和截止阀(5)抽取储罐(61)内的氢气使其回到氢气进口管(8)中；
    3)当氮气浓度测量计(612)检测到的储罐内氮气浓度值高于设定的氮气浓度阈值或液位计(621)检测到的水位高于设定的水位阈值时，打开排废阀(7)将分离后的液态水和多余的氮气排出，关闭排废阀(7)直至排空；
    4)当检测到的压力传感器(611)检测到的废气压力值低于设定的压力下限值时，关闭氢气循环泵(4)和截止阀(5)，开始下个电堆电化学反应排气周期的控制。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，所述的步骤2)中，相邻排气状态之间为一个电堆电化学反应排气周期，在同一电堆电化学反应排气周期内，氢气出口阀(3)至少一次等间隔的开启，氢气循环泵(4)和截止阀(5)仅开启一次。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种燃料电池氢气回收装置，其特征在于，在同一电堆电化学反应排气周期内，氢气出口阀(3)的开启频率为氢气循环泵(4)开启频率的1-10倍。
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