WO2020073498A1 - 一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置 - Google Patents

一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073498A1
WO2020073498A1 PCT/CN2018/122999 CN2018122999W WO2020073498A1 WO 2020073498 A1 WO2020073498 A1 WO 2020073498A1 CN 2018122999 W CN2018122999 W CN 2018122999W WO 2020073498 A1 WO2020073498 A1 WO 2020073498A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
experimental
wave
mining
pipe
box
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PCT/CN2018/122999
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖林京
宋庆辉
张玉龙
王宇
左帅
刘强
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山东科技大学
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Application filed by 山东科技大学 filed Critical 山东科技大学
Priority to US16/603,972 priority Critical patent/US11119002B2/en
Publication of WO2020073498A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073498A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D35/00Pumps producing waves in liquids, i.e. wave-producers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M10/00Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0007Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 for underwater installations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of deep-sea mining experimental equipment, in particular to an experimental device for simulating the lifting operation of deep-sea mining.
  • Some of the deep-sea mining systems are mainly composed of mother ships, hoisting hard pipes, collectors, etc.
  • the lifting of mineral resources from the submarine gathering system to the surface mother ship's hoisting system is the focus of research.
  • Deep sea mining The lifting system is affected by the complex marine environment. Thousands of kilometers of transmission pipelines are not only affected by the complex wind, waves, currents and other marine environmental loads, but also affected by the heave, rock and drift of sea mining ships.
  • the collector is connected to the hard mining pipe through a hose. The movement range and trajectory of the collector need to be reasonably determined according to the spatial displacement position of the hard mining pipe and the mining process.
  • the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating the mining operation of the deep sea.
  • the specific technical scheme is as follows.
  • An experimental device for simulating deep sea mining and lifting operations including an experimental box, a wave-making mechanism, a flow velocity control mechanism, a simulated mining mechanism, and a monitoring mechanism;
  • the wave-making mechanism includes a control box and a wave push plate, the push The wave plate is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the experiment box, and the control box is connected to the push wave plate through a coupling;
  • the flow rate control mechanism includes a water pump, a motor, a grid plate and a manifold, and the manifold includes an inlet manifold and An outlet manifold, where the grid plate is placed close to the branch road surface of the manifold;
  • the simulated mining mechanism includes an experimental ship model, a mine tube, a mixing tank, a slurry pump, an intermediate silo, a feed pipe, and a return pipe;
  • the feeding pipe includes a feeding hard pipe and a feeding hose; an ore pipe is provided between the experimental ship model and the intermediate silo, the slurry
  • brackets are provided on the upper part of the experiment box, and a workbench is provided on the bracket; the control box, the mixing tank and the slurry pump are all provided on the workbench.
  • a motor, a reducer and a wave height measuring instrument are provided in the control box; the motor and the reducer are connected, and the reducer and the coupling are connected.
  • the wave height measuring instrument of the monitoring mechanism includes a buoy, and the buoy is disposed on the liquid surface in the experiment box; the wave height measuring instrument is specifically an optical wave measuring instrument, which measures and records the wave height, wave direction, and period.
  • the mixing tank of the analog mining mechanism is provided with a mixer, the discharge port at the lower part of the mixing tank is connected with the feeding hard pipe; the experimental ship model is hinged with the ore pipe, and the ore pipe passes through the experimental ship The model is connected to the return tube.
  • a rail groove is provided on both sides of the branch road surface of the manifold, a screw structure is provided in the rail groove, and the grid moves along the rail groove through the screw structure.
  • the number of through holes on the grid plate and the number of through holes on the manifold branch road are equal, the diameter of the through holes on the grid plate and the diameter of the water outlet of the manifold branch are equal, the through holes on the grid plate The hole edge spacing is greater than the through hole diameter.
  • An experimental device for simulating deep-sea mining and hoisting operations simulates waves through a wave-making mechanism, which is used to analyze the influence of waves on the mining process of mining, and the wave-making mechanism drives a wave pusher plate by using a speed reducer and a coupling , Adjust the speed to control the wave height and wave speed.
  • the flow rate control mechanism uses grids and manifolds to adjust the flow rate and flow rate, and the grids cover the manifold branch road to control the inflow and outflow speed and flow rate of the water flow, so that the current can be effectively simulated, especially by
  • the screw structure controls the movement of the grid, realizing real-time control of the ocean current.
  • the device also has the advantages of multi-parameter real-time monitoring, low device manufacturing cost, and simple operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental device for simulating deep sea mining and lifting operations
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of an experimental device for simulating deep sea mining and lifting operations
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of an experimental device for simulating deep sea mining and lifting operations;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of an experimental device for simulating deep sea mining and lifting operations
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the supporting pavement structure of the manifold
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a system control structure.
  • the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating deep sea mining and lifting operations. Specific implementations are as follows.
  • FIG. 1 An experimental device for simulating deep sea mining and lifting operations is shown in FIG. 1, which specifically includes an experimental box 1, a wave-making mechanism 2, a flow velocity control mechanism 3, a simulated mining mechanism 4 and a monitoring mechanism 5.
  • the wave-making mechanism 2 includes a control box 21 and a wave pushing plate 22 for simulating waves;
  • the flow rate control mechanism 3 includes a water pump 31, a motor 32, a grid plate 33 and a manifold 34, and the grid plate 33 and the manifold 34 are used to adjust the inside of the experiment box
  • the simulated mining mechanism 4 includes the experimental ship model 41, the hoisting pipe 42, the mixing tank 43, the slurry pump 44, the intermediate silo 45, the feed pipe 46 and the return pipe 47, and the simulated mining mechanism 4 passes the circulating slurry
  • the material is used to simulate the state of mining operations;
  • the monitoring mechanism 5 includes a wave height measuring instrument 51, a displacement sensor 52, a flow velocity measuring instrument 53 and an image
  • the upper part of the experiment box 1 is provided with two brackets, the bracket is provided with a workbench 11, the control box 21, the mixing tank 43 and the slurry pump 44 are all set on the workbench 11.
  • Experiment box 1 can use a cuboid large water storage tank with a volume of not less than 40m3, and the bracket can be fixed on the rear side of the box.
  • the wave pusher 22 of the wave-making mechanism 2 is provided on the side wall of the upper part of the experiment box 1.
  • the control box 21 is provided with a motor, a reducer and a wave height measuring instrument, the motor and the reducer are connected, the reducer and the coupling Connected, the control box 21 is connected to the wave board through a coupling.
  • the experimental device for simulating the deep sea mining and hoisting operation simulates the waves through the wave-making mechanism 2, which is used to analyze the influence of the wave on the mining process of mining.
  • the wave-making mechanism 2 drives the pusher plate 22 by using a reducer and a coupling to adjust the speed Then adjust the wave height and wave speed.
  • the manifold 34 of the flow rate control mechanism 3 includes an inlet manifold and an outlet manifold, the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the experimental box 1, and the grid plate 33 is disposed adjacent to the branch road surface of the manifold 34 .
  • the number of through holes on the grid plate 33 is equal to the number of through holes on the manifold branch 341, the diameter of the through holes on the grid plate 33 is equal to the diameter of the water outlet of the manifold branch 341, and the edges of the through holes on the grid plate 33
  • the distance is larger than the diameter of the through hole, the displacement of the through hole on the surface of the grid plate 33 and the manifold branch 3 41 is used to control the flow area of the inlet or outlet hole, so as to achieve the flow and flow rate Adjust in real time.
  • the branch of the manifold 34 can be divided into 10 branches, each of which is provided with 9 equal-sized inlets or outlets at equal intervals, and the inlet or outlet of the inlet and outlet manifolds Arranged along the same horizontal direction.
  • a rail groove is provided on both sides of the supporting road surface of the manifold 34, and a screw structure is provided in the rail groove 36.
  • the grid plate 33 moves along the rail groove 36 through the screw structure.
  • the screw structure is driven by a waterproof servo motor 35, and the waterproof servo can be The motor 35 is installed at the upper end of the guide rail groove 36.
  • the flow rate control mechanism 3 uses the grid plate 33 and the manifold 34 to adjust the flow rate and flow rate, and uses the grid plate 33 to block the manifold branch road surface to control the flow rate and flow rate of the water flow, thereby effectively simulating the sea current, especially through the screw
  • the structure controls the movement of the grid 33, realizing real-time control of the ocean current.
  • the feeding pipe of the simulated mining mechanism 4 includes a feeding hard pipe 461 and a feeding hose 462, a lifting pipe 42 is provided between the experimental ship model 41 and the intermediate silo 45, a slurry pump 44 and a mixing tank 43 are fed through The hard pipe 461 is connected, and a return pipe 47 is provided between the mixing tank 43 and the experimental ship model 41. The material is recycled through the pipe connection, and the deep sea mining process is simulated, saving the experimental cost.
  • One end of the feeding hose 462 is connected to the slurry pump 44, and the feeding hose 462 passes through the through hole of the experiment box 1 into the experiment box 1 and is connected to the middle warehouse.
  • the mixing box 43 of the simulated mining mechanism 4 is provided with a mixer, and the discharge port at the lower part of the mixing box 43 is connected to the feeding hard pipe 461.
  • the experimental ship model 41 floats freely on the water surface in the experimental box.
  • the experimental ship model 41 and the hoisting pipe 42 are hinged to facilitate the movement of the hoisting pipe and ensure the stability of the hoisting pipe 42.
  • the hoisting pipe 42 passes through the experimental ship model
  • the return pipe 47 is connected, and the return pipe 47 is a hose, which is convenient for the experiment ship model 41 to move freely.
  • the experimental ship model 41, the mine pipe 42, the mixing tank 43, the slurry pump 44, the intermediate silo 45, the feed pipe 46, and the return pipe 47 of the mining mechanism 4 are simulated to realize the recycling of the slurry, which is a good simulation of the Yang Mine operation status
  • the monitoring mechanism 5 includes a wave height measuring instrument 51, a displacement sensor 52, a flow velocity measuring instrument 53, and an image acquisition device 5 4.
  • the flow velocity measuring instrument 53 and the displacement sensor 52 are provided on the intermediate silo 45, so that the mine can be measured and recorded in real time The position deviation of the pipe 42 and the water flow speed situation.
  • the wave height measuring instrument 51 of the monitoring mechanism 5 includes a buoy, which is set on the liquid surface in the experiment box.
  • the wave height measuring instrument 51 is specifically an optical wave measuring instrument, which measures and records the wave height, wave direction, and period.
  • Two image acquisition devices 54 of the monitoring mechanism 5 are provided.
  • the image acquisition device 54 is fixed inside the experiment box 1.
  • the monitoring mechanism 5 realizes real-time monitoring of the operation status.
  • the wave-making mechanism 2, the flow velocity control mechanism 3, the simulated mining mechanism 4 and the monitoring mechanism 5 are powered by a common power supply, the wave height measuring instrument 51, the displacement sensor 52, the flow velocity measuring instrument 53 and the image acquisition device
  • the device 54 is connected to the data processor through a data line, and the data processor is connected to a computer, which controls the operations of the slurry pump 44, the waterproof servo motor 35, the water pump 31, and the control box 21.
  • the motor in the control box 21 of the wave-making mechanism 2 is started, and the motor drives the wave pusher 22 to rotate, and the rotational speed is adjusted to generate waves with different wave heights and wave speeds in the experimental box 1 to simulate the waves of deep-sea mining.
  • the third step is to start the water pump of the flow rate control mechanism 3, driven by the water pump 31, to complete the circulating flow of water in the experimental tank through the manifolds 34 on both sides. At this time, the water level in the experimental tank 1 drops due to the water in the pipeline. Add water to the experiment box 1 again to the proper liquid level. Start the servo motor 35 to drive the grid 33 to move, and adjust the overlapping misalignment area of the circular hole on the grid 33 and the inlet hole on the manifold 34 to control the speed and flow of the water flow, so as to achieve the purpose of simulating the current.
  • the mixing tank 43 and the slurry pump 44 of the simulated mining mechanism 4 are sequentially started, and then the slurry pump 44 is started after mixing the materials evenly.
  • the motor of the mixing box 43 drives the mixing impeller through the reducer to stir the mixed material.
  • the uniformly mixed mixture is transported to the feeding hose 462 through the feeding hard pipe 461 under the action of the slurry pump, and then enters the intermediate warehouse 45.
  • the mixed material in the intermediate silo 45 continues to enter the mixed material tank 43 through the lifting pipe 42 and the return pipe 47.
  • This step can effectively simulate the deep sea lifting operation, which is in line with the actual situation that the internal flow of the lifting pipe and the weight of the intermediate warehouse gradually increase.
  • the flow velocity measuring instrument 53 measures and records the water flow velocity
  • the image acquisition device 54 captures and records the underwater space structure state and dynamic characteristics of the lifting pipe 42
  • the wave height measuring instrument 51 measures and The wave height, wave direction and period are recorded
  • the displacement sensor 52 detects the declination and displacement of the mine pipe
  • the wave height measuring instrument 51, the displacement sensor 52, the flow velocity measuring instrument 53 and the image acquisition device 54 transmit the monitoring data to the computer processor and save it.

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Abstract

一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置,涉及深海采矿实验设备技术领域,解决了模拟深海采矿中扬矿作业时空间结构的动态特性,实验装置包括实验箱(1)、造波机构(2)、流速控制机构(3)、模拟采矿机构(4)和监测机构(5),造波机构(2)包括控制箱(21)和推波板(22),用于模拟波浪;流速控制机构(3)包括水泵(31)、电机(32)、栅板(33)和歧管(34),利用栅板(33)和歧管(34)调节流速和流量;模拟采矿机构(4)包括实验船模型(41)、扬矿管(42)、混合料箱(43)、矿浆泵(44)、送料管(46)和回料管(47),用于模拟扬矿作业状态;监测机构(5)包括波高测量仪(51)、位移传感器(52)、流速测量仪(53)和图像采集装置(54),用于检测采矿过程中尤其是扬矿作业中波高和流速对模拟采矿机构的动态影响。另外实验装置还具有多参数实时监测、装置制作成本低、操作简单等优点。

Description

一种模拟深海釆矿扬矿作业的实验装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及深海采矿实验设备技术领域, 尤其是一种用于模拟深海采矿的扬矿 作业的实验装置。
背景技术
[0002] 随着陆地资源的日益枯竭, 对深海蕴藏的矿产资源进行开采变得尤为重要, 除 海洋石油气和海滨矿砂外, 海底还有丰富的多金属结核、 富钴结壳和多金属硫 化物等金属矿产资源, 这些矿物中富含镍、 钴、 铜、 锰及金和银金属等, 开发 利用海洋金属矿产资源已成为必然的趋势。 《中国制造 2025》 把“深海工程装备 及高科技船舶”归为重点突破的十大战略领域之一, 要求进一步推进先进海洋工 程装备的实验及研发。
[0003] 5见有的深海采矿系统主要由母船、 扬矿硬管、 集矿机等部分组成, 其中将矿产 资源从海底集矿系统提升到水面母船的扬矿系统是研究的重点对象。 深海采矿 扬矿系统受复杂的海洋环境的影响。 数千米长的输送管道不仅受到复杂的风、 浪、 流等海洋环境载荷, 而且受到海面采矿船升沉、 摇滚、 漂移等影响。 集矿 机通过软管与扬矿硬管相连接, 集矿机的运动范围和运动轨迹需要根据扬矿硬 管空间偏移位置以及开采的工艺进行合理确定。 研究复杂条件下采矿系统特别 是扬矿硬管的动态特性, 包括扬矿管的形态、 运动位移、 受力、 振动等规律, 分析系统的振动固有特性, 对于整个系统工作的安全性、 可靠性、 使用寿命和 开采效率等都具有极为重要的理论意义和应用价值。 因此开发一种模拟深海环 境的扬矿作业实验装置意义重大, 能够极大促进该领域的科学进步和工程技术 发展。
[0004] 利用实验装置通过模拟深海作业现场环境和扬矿作业过程, 来分析不同海浪、 海流条件下扬矿管的形态、 运动位移、 受力和振动等, 对工程实际具有重要的 意义。 实验装置需要能够实时的控制波浪波长、 波高, 以及水流的流速和流量 , 并能够模拟扬矿作业状态, 实现采矿作业的一体化多参数检测。 发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 为解决模拟深海采矿中扬矿作业时空间结构的动态特性的技术问题, 本发明提 供了一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 具体技术方案如下。
[0006] 一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 包括实验箱、 造波机构、 流速控制机 构、 模拟采矿机构和监测机构; 所述造波机构包括控制箱和推波板, 所述推波 板设置在实验箱上部的侧壁上, 控制箱通过联轴器和推波板相连; 所述流速控 制机构包括水泵、 电机、 栅板和歧管, 所述歧管包括进水歧管和出水歧管, 所 述栅板贴临歧管的支路面设置; 所述模拟采矿机构包括实验船模型、 扬矿管、 混合料箱、 矿浆泵、 中间仓、 送料管和回料管; 所述送料管包括送料硬管和送 料软管; 所述实验船模型和中间仓之间设置有扬矿管, 矿浆泵和混合料箱之间 通过送料硬管连接, 混合料箱和实验船模型之间设置有回料管; 所述送料软管 一端与矿浆泵连接, 送料管穿过实验箱的通过孔进入实验箱内和中间仓相连; 所述监测机构包括波高测量仪、 位移传感器、 流速测量仪和图像采集装置, 所 述流速测量仪和位移传感器设置在中间仓上。
[0007] 优选的是, 实验箱上部设置有两个托架, 托架上设置有工作台; 所述控制箱、 混合料箱和矿浆泵均设置在工作台上。
[0008] 优选的是, 控制箱内设置有电机、 减速器和波高测量仪; 所述电机和减速器相 连, 减速器和联轴器相连。
[0009] 进一步优选的是, 监测机构的波高测量仪包括浮标, 浮标设置在实验箱内的液 面上; 所述波高测量仪具体为光学测波仪, 测量并记录波高、 波向和周期。
[0010] 进一步优选的是, 监测机构的图像采集装置设置有两个, 图像采集装置固定在 实验箱的内侧。
[0011] 优选的是, 模拟采矿机构的混合料箱内设置有搅拌机, 混合料箱下部的排料口 和送料硬管相连; 所述实验船模型和扬矿管铰接, 扬矿管通过实验船模型接通 回料管。 [0012] 优选的是, 歧管的支路面两侧设置有导轨槽, 导轨槽内设置有丝杠结构, 栅板 通过丝杠结构沿导轨槽移动。
[0013] 进一步优选的是, 栅板上的通孔数目和歧管支路面上的通孔数目相等, 栅板上 的通孔直径和歧管支路的出水口直径相等, 栅板上的通孔边缘间距大于通孔直 径。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0014] 本发明的有益效果包括:
[0015] ( 1) 模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置通过造波机构模拟波浪, 从而用于分 析波浪对采矿的扬矿过程影响, 造波机构通过使用减速器和连轴器驱动推波板 , 调整转速来控制波高和波速。
[0016] (2) 流速控制机构利用栅板和歧管来调节流速和流量, 利用栅板对歧管支路 面的遮挡来控制水流的进出速度和流量, 从而能够有效的模拟海流, 尤其是通 过丝杠结构来控制栅板的移动, 实现了对海流的实时控制。
[0017] (3) 模拟采矿机构的实验船模型、 扬矿管、 混合料箱、 矿浆泵、 送料管和回 料管, 实现了浆液的循环使用, 很好的模拟了扬矿作业状态; 监测机构实现了 对作业状态的实时监测。
[0018] 另外本装置还具有多参数实时监测, 装置制作成本低, 操作简单等优点。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0019] 图 1是模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置整体结构示意图;
[0020] 图 2是模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置俯视图;
[0021] 图 3是模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置 A-A面剖视图;
[0022] 图 4是模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置 B-B面剖视图;
[0023] 图 5是歧管的支路面结构示意图;
[0024] 图 6是系统控制结构示意图。
[0025] 图中: 1-实验箱; 11-工作台; 2 -造波机构; 21 -控制箱; 22 -推波板; 3 -流速控 制机构; 31-水泵; 32 -电机; 33 -栅板; 34 -歧管; 341 -歧管支路; 35 -伺服电机; 36 -导轨槽; 4 -模拟采矿机构; 41-实验船模型; 42 -扬矿管; 43 -混合料箱; 44 -矿 浆泵; 45 -中间仓; 46 -送料管; 461 -送料硬管; 462 -送料软管; 47 -回料管; 5 -监 测机构; 51-波高测量仪; 52 -位移传感器; 53 -流速测量仪; 54 -图像采集装置。 发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0026] 结合图 1至图 6所示, 本发明提供的一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 具 体实施方式如下。
[0027] 一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置如图 1所示, 具体包括实验箱 1、 造波机 构 2、 流速控制机构 3、 模拟采矿机构 4和监测机构 5。 造波机构 2包括控制箱 21和 推波板 22, 用于模拟波浪; 流速控制机构 3包括水泵 31、 电机 32、 栅板 33和歧管 34, 利用栅板 33和歧管 34调节实验箱内水的流速和流量; 模拟采矿机构 4包括实 验船模型 41、 扬矿管 42、 混合料箱 43、 矿浆泵 44、 中间仓 45、 送料管 46和回料 管 47 , 模拟采矿机构 4通过循环浆料用于模拟扬矿作业状态; 监测机构 5包括波 高测量仪 51、 位移传感器 52、 流速测量仪 53和图像采集装置 54, 用于检测采矿 过程中尤其是扬矿作业中波高和流速等因素对模拟采矿机构的动态影响。
[0028] 其中, 实验箱 1的上部设置有两个托架, 托架上设置有工作台 11, 控制箱 21、 混合料箱 43和矿浆泵 44均设置在工作台 11上。 实验箱 1可以使用长方体大型储水 槽, 其容积不小于 40m3 , 托架可以固定在箱体后侧。
[0029] 造波机构 2的推波板 22设置在实验箱 1上部的侧壁上, 控制箱 21内设置有电机、 减速器和波高测量仪, 电机和减速器相连, 减速器和联轴器相连, 控制箱 21通 过联轴器和推波板相连。 模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置通过造波机构 2模拟 波浪, 从而用于分析波浪对采矿的扬矿过程影响, 造波机构 2通过使用减速器和 连轴器驱动推波板 22, 调整转速进而调节波高和波速。
[0030] 流速控制机构 3的歧管 34包括进水歧管和出水歧管, 进水歧管和出水歧管对称 布置在实验箱 1两侧, 栅板 33贴临歧管 34的支路面设置。 栅板 33上的通孔数目和 歧管支路 341面上的通孔数目相等, 栅板 33上的通孔直径和歧管支路 341的出水 口直径相等, 栅板 33上的通孔边缘间距大于通孔直径, 利用栅板 33和歧管支路 3 41面上的通孔错位来控制进水孔或出水孔的过流面积, 从而实现流量和流速的 实时调节。 其中歧管 34的支路上可以分出 10条支路, 每条支路上等距设置 9个大 小相等的进水孔或出水孔, 并且进水歧管和出水歧管的进水孔或出水孔沿同一 水平方向布置。 歧管 34的支路面两侧设置有导轨槽, 导轨槽 36内设置有丝杠结 构, 栅板 33通过丝杠结构沿导轨槽 36移动, 丝杠结构利用防水伺服电机 35驱动 , 可以将防水伺服电机 35安装在导轨槽 36上端。 流速控制机构 3利用栅板 33和歧 管 34来调节流速和流量, 利用栅板 33对歧管支路面的遮挡来控制水流的进出速 度和流量, 从而能够有效的模拟海流, 尤其是通过丝杠结构来控制栅板 33的移 动, 实现了对海流的实时控制。
[0031] 模拟采矿机构 4的送料管包括送料硬管 461和送料软管 462, 实验船模型 41和中 间仓 45之间设置有扬矿管 42, 矿浆泵 44和混合料箱 43之间通过送料硬管 461连接 , 混合料箱 43和实验船模型 41之间设置有回料管 47 , 通过管道连接完成了物料 的循环使用, 并模拟了深海采矿的过程, 节约实验成本。 送料软管 462的一端与 矿浆泵 44连接, 送料软管 462穿过实验箱 1的通过孔进入实验箱 1内和中间仓相连 。 模拟采矿机构 4的混合料箱 43内设置有搅拌机, 混合料箱 43下部的排料口和送 料硬管 461相连。 实验船模型 41自由漂浮在实验箱内的水面上, 实验船模型 41和 扬矿管 42铰接, 方便扬矿管移动, 保证了扬矿管 42工作的稳定性, 扬矿管 42通 过实验船模型接通回料管 47 , 回料管 47为软管, 方便实验船模型 41自由移动。 模拟采矿机构 4的实验船模型 41、 扬矿管 42、 混合料箱 43、 矿浆泵 44、 中间仓 45 、 送料管 46和回料管 47 , 实现了浆液的循环使用, 很好的模拟了扬矿作业状态
[0032] 监测机构 5包括波高测量仪 51、 位移传感器 52、 流速测量仪 53和图像采集装置 5 4, 流速测量仪 53和位移传感器 52设置在中间仓 45上, 从而能够实时测量并记录 扬矿管 42的位置偏移情况和水流速度情况。 监测机构 5的波高测量仪 51包括浮标 , 浮标设置在实验箱内的液面上, 波高测量仪 51具体为光学测波仪, 测量并记 录波高、 波向和周期。 监测机构 5的图像采集装置 54设置有两个, 图像采集装置 54固定在实验箱 1的内侧, 监测机构 5实现了对作业状态的实时监测。
[0033] 另外如图 6所示, 造波机构 2、 流速控制机构 3、 模拟采矿机构 4和监测机构 5通 过共用电源供电, 波高测量仪 51、 位移传感器 52、 流速测量仪 53和图像采集装 置 54通过数据线和数据处理器相连, 数据处理器与计算机相连, 计算机控制矿 浆泵 44、 防水伺服电机 35、 水泵 31和控制箱 21的工作。
[0034] 利用该实验装置进行实验时的操作方式如下:
[0035] 第一步, 向实验槽 1内注水, 并向混合料箱 43内加入适量的水和颗粒物, 随后 启动系统供电。
[0036] 第二步, 启动造波机构 2的控制箱 21内的电机, 电机带动推波板 22转动, 调整 转速从而在实验箱 1内产生不同波高和波速的波浪, 模拟深海采矿的波浪。
[0037] 第三步, 启动流速控制机构 3的水泵, 在水泵 31的带动下通过两侧的歧管 34完 成实验箱内水的循环流动, 此时由于管道内存水导致实验箱 1水位下降, 再次向 实验箱 1内补水至合适的液位高度。 启动伺服电机 35驱动栅板 33移动, 通过调整 栅板 33上圆孔和歧管 34上进水孔的重合错位面积来控制水流速度和流量, 进而 达到模拟海流的目的。
[0038] 第四步, 依次启动模拟采矿机构 4的混合料箱 43和矿浆泵 44, 混合料箱 43将物 料搅拌均匀后再启动矿浆泵 44。 混合料箱 43的电机通过减速器驱动搅拌叶轮转 动, 对混合物料进行搅拌, 搅拌均匀的混合料在矿浆泵的作用下经送料硬管 461 输送至送料软管 462, 进而进入中间仓 45 , 由于矿浆泵 44的作用, 中间仓 45内的 混合料继续通过扬矿管 42和回料管 47进入混合料箱 43。 该步骤可有效模拟深海 扬矿作业, 符合扬矿管内存在内流和中间仓重量逐渐增加的实际情况。
[0039] 第五步, 在上述步骤进行时流速测量仪 53测量并记录水流速度, 图像采集装置 54捕捉并记录扬矿管 42的水下空间结构状态和动态特征, 波高测量仪 51实时测 量并记录波高、 波向和周期, 位移传感器 52检测扬矿管的偏角和位移, 波高测 量仪 51、 位移传感器 52、 流速测量仪 53和图像采集装置 54将监测数据传输至计 算机处理器并保存。
[0040] 当然, 上述说明并非是对本发明的限制, 本发明也并不仅限于上述举例, 本技 术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、 改型、 添加或替换, 也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 其特征在于, 包括实验箱、 造波机构、 流速控制机构、 模拟采矿机构和监测机构;
所述造波机构包括控制箱和推波板, 所述推波板设置在实验箱上部的 侧壁上, 控制箱通过联轴器和推波板相连; 所述流速控制机构包括水 泵、 电机、 栅板和歧管, 所述歧管包括进水歧管和出水歧管, 所述栅 板贴临歧管的支路面设置;
所述模拟采矿机构包括实验船模型、 扬矿管、 混合料箱、 矿浆泵、 中 间仓、 送料管和回料管; 所述送料管包括送料硬管和送料软管; 所述 实验船模型和中间仓之间设置有扬矿管, 矿浆泵和混合料箱之间通过 送料硬管连接, 混合料箱和实验船模型之间设置有回料管; 所述送料 软管一端与矿浆泵连接, 送料管穿过实验箱的通过孔进入实验箱内和 中间仓相连;
所述监测机构包括波高测量仪、 位移传感器、 流速测量仪和图像采集 装置, 所述流速测量仪和位移传感器设置在中间仓上。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 i所述的一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 其特 征在于, 所述实验箱上部设置有两个托架, 托架上设置有工作台; 所 述控制箱、 混合料箱和矿浆泵均设置在工作台上。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 i所述的一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 其特 征在于, 所述控制箱内设置有电机、 减速器和波高测量仪; 所述电机 和减速器相连, 减速器和联轴器相连。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 3所述的一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 其特 征在于, 所述监测机构的波高测量仪包括浮标, 浮标设置在实验箱内 的液面上; 所述波高测量仪具体为光学测波仪, 测量并记录波高、 波 向和周期。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 4所述的一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 其特 征在于, 所述监测机构的图像采集装置设置有两个, 图像采集装置固 定在实验箱的内侧。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 其特 征在于, 所述模拟采矿机构的混合料箱内设置有搅拌机, 混合料箱下 部的排料口和送料硬管相连; 所述实验船模型和扬矿管铰接, 扬矿管 通过实验船模型接通回料管。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 其特 征在于, 所述歧管的支路面两侧设置有导轨槽, 导轨槽内设置有丝杠 结构, 栅板通过丝杠结构沿导轨槽移动。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 7所述的一种模拟深海采矿扬矿作业的实验装置, 其特 征在于, 所述栅板上的通孔数目和歧管支路面上的通孔数目相等, 栅 板上的通孔直径和歧管支路的出水口直径相等, 栅板上的通孔边缘间 距大于通孔直径。
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CN115326355A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-11-11 烟台哈尔滨工程大学研究院 一种针对深海网箱波流水动力测量实验装置及实验方法

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