WO2020070201A1 - Système d'alimentation électrique conçu pour un dispositif hydraulique comportant un convertisseur multiniveau modulaire - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation électrique conçu pour un dispositif hydraulique comportant un convertisseur multiniveau modulaire

Info

Publication number
WO2020070201A1
WO2020070201A1 PCT/EP2019/076731 EP2019076731W WO2020070201A1 WO 2020070201 A1 WO2020070201 A1 WO 2020070201A1 EP 2019076731 W EP2019076731 W EP 2019076731W WO 2020070201 A1 WO2020070201 A1 WO 2020070201A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
bus
energy
supply system
generator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/076731
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Veiko Schulz
Wolfgang Voss
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2020070201A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020070201A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy supply system for a water-bound device, in particular a floating device.
  • Floating devices are, for example, ships, submarines, oil platforms and / or gas platforms. Examples of games for ships are cruise ships, frigates, container ships, aircraft carriers, icebreakers etc.
  • Floating devices are water-bound devices. Oil platforms or gas platforms that stand on the seabed are examples of water-bound facilities.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding method for operating this energy supply system.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device or a floating device has energy sources. If a floating device is mentioned below, this means a water-bound device and vice versa.
  • energy sources are a diesel generator, a fuel cell, a battery / accumulator, a flywheel, etc.
  • the diesel of the diesel generator can be operated, for example, with heavy oil ships diesel and / or LNG.
  • the energy supply system is intended, for example, to supply a drive to the floating device with electrical energy or to auxiliary companies or other consumers, such as air conditioning, lighting, automation systems, etc.
  • the energy supply system is particularly designed such that at least even if one energy source fails an emergency operation for the floating device can be made possible.
  • the power supply of a floating device has in particular an on-board electrical system.
  • the vehicle electrical system serves to supply electrical power to the floating device. If, for example, a floating device is able to hold its position, it has a large number of drives. These drives have, in particular, a propeller or a water jet. This drives to maintain the position of the ship in the water
  • this floating device has two or more drive systems in the rear area, such as two POD drives or two propellers with protruding from the hull of the shafts, which are driven by an electric motor and / or by a diesel engine with a shaft generator, it is advantageous if these are independent of one another in the event of a fault in a drive with electrical Energy can be supplied.
  • An energy distribution on a ship is known from EP 3 046 206 A1.
  • This has a first medium voltage bus and a second medium voltage bus.
  • the second medium voltage bus has no direct connection to the first medium voltage bus.
  • the power distribution has a first AC bus with low voltage, a first converter between the first medium voltage bus and the first AC bus, in order to enable a power flow from the first medium voltage bus to the first AC bus.
  • the energy distribution also has a second AC bus and a second converter between the second medium voltage bus and the second AC bus in order to enable a power flow from the second medium voltage bus to the second AC bus.
  • a device for distributing stored electrical energy on a ship is known from WO 2016/116595 A1, which also includes one or more AC consumers.
  • a DC network with a plurality of electrical energy storage elements is provided to supply one or more AC consumers with stored power to enable electrical energy.
  • several interrupter systems are provided for switching off one or more electrical auxiliary energy.
  • the electric drive shaft has at least one variable-speed generator for generating a voltage with variable amplitude and variable frequency and at least one variable-speed drive motor supplied with this voltage.
  • the generator has, for example, a superconductor winding, in particular a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) winding.
  • HTS high-temperature superconductor
  • a modular multilevel current converter that is to say a modular multilevel converter, is known from EP 2 966 769 A1.
  • a method for operating such a modular multi-level converter is described which has a plurality of converter modules electrically connected in series for each phase.
  • electrical energy is often required in different voltage levels and / or in different voltage forms (AC or DC).
  • primary energy from one or more internal combustion engines is made available and converted into electrical energy by means of one or more three-phase generators (asynchronous generator or synchronous generator).
  • the syn chron generator is, for example, a permanently excited syn chron generator. This electrical energy is generated in particular at the highest voltage levels available in the vehicle electrical system (supply network upper voltage level).
  • transformers and / or DC / DC converters are used, for example.
  • the transformers have a high weight and construction volume, losses of approx. 1% and the input and output frequencies are always identical.
  • the total generator power generated is fed in via the upper voltage level and distributed to a skin energy bus.
  • AC 3-phase AC bus
  • AC networks the frequency of a lower network is equal to the frequency of the upper network.
  • the lower network differs from the upper network by the voltage, where the upper network has a higher voltage than the lower network.
  • an AC network with an AC energy bus to distribute the electrical energy can be disadvantageous if the frequency is variable in the upper voltage level. Variable frequencies are a particular consequence of variable-speed internal combustion engines.
  • several transformers are usually required. The energy is transmitted via the upper AC main power bus, i.e. via the upper voltage level. The energy can be distributed within a voltage level via a switchgear.
  • An AC switchgear is used to distribute AC.
  • the voltage level of the energy bus or the voltage level depend largely on the installed power.
  • the various consumers are fed and the voltage levels below are supplied with energy.
  • transformers are necessary in AC networks, which means that the voltage levels have the same frequency.
  • Transformers determines the ratio of the voltages.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a flexible energy supply system or a flexible method for operating such an energy supply system. Another object of the invention is to enable, for example, a flexible and / or compact connection between DC voltage buses (DC buses).
  • DC buses DC voltage buses
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device and in particular for a floating device, has a first DC bus for a first DC voltage and a second DC voltage bus for a second DC voltage.
  • first DC voltage bus is suitable or provided for a first DC voltage level
  • second DC voltage bus is suitable or provided for a second DC voltage level.
  • the first DC voltage level is in particular higher than the second DC voltage level. The first DC voltage level thus corresponds to the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage level corresponds to the second
  • the DC voltage levels differ by a factor between 5 and 50. 1: 5 to 1:20 possible.
  • Floating device in particular a ship, which has an energy supply system in one of the described events.
  • Examples of a water-bound facility are: a ship (e.g. crusaders, container ships, feeder ships, support ships, crane ships, tankers, battleships, landing craft, icebreakers etc.), a floating platform, a platform firmly anchored in the seabed, etc.
  • a ship e.g. crusaders, container ships, feeder ships, support ships, crane ships, tankers, battleships, landing craft, icebreakers etc.
  • a floating platform e.g. crusaders, container ships, feeder ships, support ships, crane ships, tankers, battleships, landing craft, icebreakers etc.
  • a floating platform e.g. crusaders, container ships, feeder ships, support ships, crane ships, tankers, battleships, landing craft, icebreakers etc.
  • the energy supply system for a water-bound device with a first DC voltage bus for a first DC voltage and with a second DC voltage bus for a second DC voltage, this has Power supply system on a DC bus coupler for coupling the first DC bus to the second DC bus, the DC bus coupler having a modular multi-level converter.
  • the modular multilevel converter or its structure is known for example from EP 2 966 769 A1. This enables simple energy transfer to be carried out between the DC voltage buses.
  • the modular multilevel converter (modular multilevel converter) is also known under the name M2C.
  • the modular multilevel converter (M2C) switches between the voltage levels of two neighboring submodules.
  • an M2C topology has 3 by 8 submodules.
  • 8 submodules each can switch a complete voltage level for one phase.
  • the modular multilevel converter can be implemented as single-phase or as multi-phase (especially three-phase - three-phase current).
  • CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
  • DAB dual active bridge
  • the modular multi-level converter has a connection to the first DC voltage bus on its DC side.
  • the first DC voltage bus is in particular a bus on a medium voltage level (MV: medium voltage).
  • the DC bus coupler has a rectifier.
  • the rectifier has a connection to the second DC bus on its DC voltage side.
  • This second DC voltage bus is in particular at a low voltage level (LV: low voltage).
  • the DC bus coupler has a transformer.
  • the transformer is between the modular multilevel converter and the rectifier. So the voltage level can be adjusted.
  • the transformer has a branch for an AC voltage supply.
  • This branch can feed an AC voltage network or an AC voltage bus.
  • the frequency of the alternating voltage is, for example, 50 Hz, 60 Hz or 400 Hz.
  • the use of 400 Hz enables the weight of the components designed for this to be reduced compared to 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
  • the modular multilevel converter is provided for generating an AC voltage.
  • the modular multilevel converter can therefore in particular only generate one AC voltage phase or, for example, only 2 AC voltage phases. So can the modular multilevel converter can be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the modular multilevel converter is provided for generating a three-phase voltage. For example, more power can be transferred from one DC bus to another DC bus. With 2 phases as well as with 3 phases (three-phase current), it is possible that one phase is provided for supplying a separate DC bus. This increases the flexibility of the system. Even if one phase of the modular multilevel converter fails, the supply of DC voltage buses can be guaranteed, which are connected to the branches of the modular multilevel converter that are still working correctly.
  • the energy supply system at least two rectifiers are provided, each of which feeds under different DC voltage buses.
  • the rectifiers can be, for example, diode rectifiers.
  • an explosive device is provided as a protective device.
  • An explosive device is a fuse that uses an explosive substance to disconnect an electrical connection.
  • An explosive device is simple, inexpensive or can trigger quickly.
  • the protective device is connected upstream of the modular multilevel converter. In this way, the modular multilevel converter can be protected against impermissibly high currents (currents).
  • the protective device is provided in a DC bus for its separation.
  • the DC bus can be protected in the event of a short circuit.
  • a modular multilevel converter is used to couple the DC voltage buses.
  • the modular multilevel converter is at least part of a DC bus coupler.
  • Such a DC bus coupler can also have a transformer or a rectifier.
  • an energy supply system according to at least one of the configurations described in the text is used.
  • the floating or water-bound device and / or the energy supply system has a first zone and a second zone.
  • a floating device should also be understood to mean a water-bound device in the further course.
  • the floating device can also have more than two zones.
  • the type of zones can be different.
  • a zone can be a fire zone.
  • Zones can be separated from one another by one or more bulkheads.
  • the type forms chambers which can serve, for example, to protect against fire and or against the sinking of the floating or water-bound device.
  • a bulkhead or bulkheads can be designed or made airtight and / or liquid-tight and / or fire-retardant.
  • a floating device such as a ship
  • zones or chambers form.
  • a chamber can represent a zone just as a zone can represent a chamber.
  • the energy supply system for the floating or water-bound device has a first energy source and a second energy source, the first energy source in the first zone for supplying at least one DC bus the at least two DC voltage buses are provided and the second energy source is provided in the second zone for supplying at least one DC voltage bus of the at least two DC voltage buses.
  • the first energy source can thus be provided, for example, for supplying only the first DC voltage bus, or for supplying the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage bus.
  • the second energy source which can be provided, for example, for supplying only the first DC voltage bus or for supplying the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage bus.
  • the supply of the respective DC bus relates in particular to a direct connection to the DC bus.
  • a direct connection is to be understood as an electrical connection in which no further DC bus for energy distribution is interposed.
  • a direct connection can have, for example, a converter, a transformer, a switch, a DC / DC actuator.
  • Energy sources of the energy supply system can be of the following type, for example: a diesel generator, a gas turbine generator, a battery, a capacitor, SUPER-Caps, a flywheel memory, fuel cells.
  • the ses is structured at least partially depending on the zone.
  • the structure corresponds locally to the zoning for at least two zones. Zones of the water-bound device result in particular from a structural device such as a bulkhead.
  • the energy supply system is divided in particular by switching devices which can separate or establish an electrical connection. Such switching devices can be used to form sections in the energy supply system.
  • primary energy sources In an embodiment of the energy supply system, a distinction is made between primary energy sources and secondary energy sources. These types of energy sources concern their assignment to a respective bus. These types of energy sources affect any type of energy source, such as a diesel generator, a battery, a fuel cell, a gas turbine with generator, SUPER-Caps, flywheel storage, etc. Primary energy sources are the first
  • Assigned DC bus a primary energy source serving in particular to generate electrical energy for the main drive of the floating or water-bound device.
  • one or more primary energy sources can also be used to supply a further, in particular downstream DC voltage bus (has a lower DC voltage than the supplying DC bus). This assignment means that no further DC bus is interposed between this primary energy source and the first DC bus.
  • Secondary energy sources are assigned to the second direct voltage bus (DC bus), a secondary energy source serving in particular to generate electrical energy for operating systems of the floating or water-bound device which are not used for the main drive of the floating device. This assignment also means that no further DC bus is interposed between this secondary energy source and the second DC bus.
  • At least one secondary energy source which is assigned to the second DC bus, for supplying the first DC bus and in particular for supplying the main drives.
  • Operating systems of the floating facility are for example (on-board supply, hotel operations, weapon systems, etc.).
  • secondary energy sources are selected such that they can react more quickly to load fluctuations if necessary.
  • the load is, for example, at least one drive motor for driving the floating device and / or further electrical consumers of the floating device, for example for pumps, compressors, air conditioning systems, cable winches, on-board electronics, etc.
  • electrical consumers for example for the air conditioning system, the kitchens, the laundry Scherei, the lighting, etc., also referred to as hotel load.
  • the energy supply system can have several energy sources of the same type.
  • energy sources of different types can be in different zones.
  • the security of supply can be increased within the floating device, for example in emergencies and / or in the event of an error.
  • energy sources of different types can be in the same zone.
  • the intermediate circuit voltage is at the smallest load, i.e. the lowest power, so that an inverter can be used for this.
  • a single inverter is used as long as it is available.
  • parallel inverters or motors with several winding systems are used. This procedure enables medium-voltage direct voltage systems to be implemented cost-effectively.
  • the DC link voltage for a thruster load of 3.5 MW is set to 4.5 kV DC voltage (3.3 kV three-phase voltage).
  • the 3.5 MW is the smallest load that is connected to the medium voltage direct voltage system.
  • Another load with 12 MW is also operated with 3.3 kV rotary voltage, and thus with 4.5 kV DC voltage.
  • This load is operated with two parallel converters or with a machine with two winding systems. Two machines on one shaft are also possible.
  • the reduced medium-voltage DC voltage specification also reduces the construction volume and the costs for the semiconductor switches between the zones as well as the costs for the short-circuit protection of the inverters
  • first DC voltage bus and a second DC voltage bus in the floating device, electrical energy can be transferred from one bus to the other bus in a simple manner without unnecessary losses. This is particularly advantageous in the event of a fault in which one or more energy sources for the first bus fail. If energy levels are linked via an AC connection, this can lead to higher losses, particularly in the event of an error.
  • DC networks the energy is first rectified in order to be distributed across the upper DC voltage (conversion 1). An AC voltage must then be generated from the DC voltage using an inverter (conversion 2). The inverter must perform the same functions as a generator (selectivity and frequency control in the lower voltage level). A transformer is required to adapt the voltage (conversion 3). This triple conversion is associated with losses of approximately 3-3.5%.
  • the energy supply system which has a first DC bus and a second DC bus, losses can be reduced.
  • the first energy source and the second energy source are primary energy sources and the third energy source is a secondary energy source.
  • the third energy source can be used for example for peak shaving and / or as a spinning reserve. This means that peaks in the energy consumption of the floating device, which cannot be quickly covered by the primary energy source, are covered by the secondary energy source and / or energy can be made available if an energy source fails
  • the energy supply system has a medium-voltage DC bus with a DC voltage of 3 kV to 18 kV, on which is designed as a ring bus, and a low-voltage DC bus with a DC voltage of 0.4 kV to 1.5 kV, which is designed as a ring bus.
  • a three-phase alternating current bus can also be used as an energy bus, in particular as a further main energy bus or also as a replacement for the DC bus.
  • a DC distribution system (DC bus) and / or an AC distribution system (AC bus) can also be used at a low voltage level.
  • an MV / LV DC system results with a secure connection of the voltage levels, zone structure and decentralized energy stores with fast MV / LV semiconductor switches between the zones.
  • One or more bidirectional DC / DC controllers can be used to connect DC networks of different voltages. A multiple conversion of energy can also take place.
  • the connected DC systems must be safe be and can be operated safely in the zone structure of the ship.
  • the supply takes place in particular via a two-winding generator which feeds both the MV DC bus twice and the LV DC bus, in particular also via an MV-AC bus.
  • the power supply of the generators takes place in particular via two separate systems of the generator or via a distribution after the generator. This enables the power to be distributed across the entire generator power, which enables a more modular structure of the power electronics (controlled or uncontrolled rectifier, or rectifier for bidirectional operation) to cover a larger power range. I.e.
  • a rectifier active / or passive
  • the use of the split power feed and the use of two identical rectifiers result in a higher degree of uniformity.
  • the double feed can also be used to increase availability in general.
  • the two rectifiers can be fed in in two different zones (or in one zone).
  • the generator has a second outlet, which is provided in particular via a transformer and a rectifier for supplying a DC bus.
  • This can replace or supplement a DC / DC converter.
  • the transformer size can be reduced if the generator frequency is higher.
  • LV DC generally has significantly lower power than MV DC - positive for the size of the required transformer. Cost-effective solution for smaller LV DC outputs in relation to MV DC outputs, especially if the MV DC voltage also reaches higher values.
  • the smaller rectifier on the LV DC side can be designed as a controlled rectifier (without ESS - MV DC has controlled rectifier), which is then used to regulate the voltage of the LV DC busbar in the event of load jumps on the MV DC bus:
  • the rectifier with the lower power on the LV DC side can be designed as a controlled rectifier. In this case, load jumps on the MV DC rail can be compensated for using the regulated rectifier on the LV DC rail.
  • the rectifier with the lower power on the LV DC side can also be designed for bidirectional operation. In the case of a bidirectional converter, energy can be transferred from the LV DC rail (e.g. from energy storage devices) to the MV DC level.
  • the regenerative energy is smaller than the regenerative energy. If this is the case, an uncontrolled rectifier can be used to supply the LV DC rail, whereby a smaller bidirectional converter is used in parallel for bidirectional operation and can also regulate the LV DC voltage.
  • a generator with two separate active parts is used.
  • the active parts can be mechanically connected via the shaft and use separate housings or a common housing.
  • One advantage can be that the transformer is omitted in this variant and the systems in the generator are 100% electrically decoupled.
  • Each of the active parts can be used for the max. Power (LV and MV generator), i.e. that the generator is generally larger in overall performance.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device, in particular a floating device, is therefore also with a first DC bus for a first one
  • the energy supply system having a first energy source, the first energy source having a generator system which has a first winding system for supplying the first DC voltage bus and which has a second winding system for supplying the second DC bus.
  • the energy supply system has further energy sources, these can also have such a generator system.
  • the first winding system is designed for a first voltage and the second winding system is designed for a second voltage, the first voltage being greater than that second tension.
  • the generator system has, for example, only one generator or, for example, two generators.
  • the generator is in particular a synchronous generator.
  • Asynchronous generators and / or PEM generators can also be used. If the generator has a low-voltage winding system and a medium-voltage winding system, it has in particular a large Xd "'. In one embodiment of the generator, it can have a large Xd"'.
  • the short-circuit current contribution of the generator is reduced and a simpler design of a short-circuit-proof rectifier is made possible.
  • This reduced short-circuit current also reduces the mechanical stress on the shaft train in the event of a short-circuit.
  • the short-circuit-proof design of the rectifier enables a simple construction of the energy supply system, since no additional short-circuit protection elements are required and a direct connection without isolating elements between the generator and rectifier is possible. This is particularly important on the medium-voltage level, since isolating or protective devices, such as circuit breakers or fuses, require a lot of space, have a significant cost factor or are sometimes not available.
  • the three-phase medium-voltage connection of the generator can, for example, be connected to a diode rectifier or to a valid rectifier and thus to feed the medium-voltage DC bus.
  • the converter for the low-voltage DC bus can also be an Active Front End (AFE) in particular. In particular, this has a four-quadrant operation. This makes it possible, for example, to feed electrical energy from batteries into the low-voltage DC bus, from there via the Active Front End into the medium-voltage DC bus.
  • AFE Active Front End
  • the Active Front End is an active rectifier that enables energy to flow in both directions.
  • the first winding system is electrically connected to the first DC voltage bus for its transformerless supply.
  • the second winding system is electrically connected to the second DC voltage bus for its transformerless supply.
  • the omission of the transformer also saves weight, volume and / or costs here.
  • the generator system has a first generator with the first winding system and a second generator with the second winding system, the first generator and the second generator being drivable by means of a common shaft system.
  • the first generator and the second generator are in particular stiff, that is to say rigid, coupled.
  • the construction of the generators can be kept simple by using two generators for the two winding systems.
  • the generator system is a multi-winding system generator, the stator of the multi-winding system generator having the first winding system and the second winding system or further winding system.
  • a compact generator system can be designed in this way.
  • the multi-winding system generator has slots which relate to the first winding system and the second winding system. This enables a compact structure to be achieved.
  • the two winding systems can be arranged in the slots in the generator in such a way that the best possible decoupling is achieved in order to avoid influencing the winding systems. Adequate decoupling is achieved if the different winding systems are installed in different slots.
  • a generator with two winding systems is used, the two systems having a different voltage level.
  • the MV voltage level is e.g. in the range from 2.3 kV to 13.8 kV AC and the LV voltage level can e.g. are in the range between 400 V and 690 V AC.
  • the generator winding systems feed DC networks with different voltage levels.
  • DC networks with different voltage levels are used to achieve an optimal distribution of the loads while at the same time making optimal use of the power electronics' power while at the same time optimizing costs. Due to the use in DC networks, no synchronization or synchronous operation of the generators is required even with this version of the generator. Furthermore, the frequency of the generator can be freely selected and the generator can also be driven variable in frequency in order to always get the lowest fuel consumption in relation to the power requirement. Or a higher frequency can be selected to avoid a transmission between the generator and the combustion engine.
  • variable frequency makes it possible, for example, when in port, where no consumers have to be operated on the MVDC bus and only requires power from the LV AC winding for the LVDC bus is to reduce the speed of the generator and adapt it to the reduced power requirement so that even with this part-load operation there is a low specific fuel consumption in relation to the power.
  • the individual winding systems feed two or more DC rails with different voltages via an uncontrolled diode rectifier or controlled thyristor rectifier or an active rectifier. This eliminates the need for a transformation stage via an additional transformer, which would be required if there were an additional AC feed via transformation. Or there is no DC / DC converter if a DC-DC coupling of the two DC buses is required. (Elimination of two transformations DC / AC - transformer - AC / DC) Both lead to space savings by eliminating additional equipment and improving efficiency.
  • the generator can also be made more compact than an arrangement with two separate generators for the two voltage levels.
  • the windings with the different voltage levels in the same slot for max. Coupling as well as in separate grooves for max. Decoupling of the systems can be arranged. With power flow between the different DC voltage levels via the generator, good coupling of the systems is desired.
  • Decoupling is an advantage to reduce interference between the systems.
  • An imbalance of the AC systems caused by the coupling is e.g. by connecting the generator via a unidirectional rectifier to the DC bus.
  • the DC voltage levels can be connected with a diode rectifier (only one energy direction).
  • the use of a controlled rectifier on the LV DC side also enables independent LV DC voltage adjustment in the event of load jumps on the MV DC side.
  • the uncontrolled, less expensive rectifier can be used for the MV DC rail and the generator rator can be regulated to the MVDC voltage.
  • the LV DC voltage is regulated by the controlled rectifier for the LV DC rail.
  • the LV rail can also be stabilized by batteries. If a power flow in both directions is required, bidirectional rectifiers can be used. (Eg for energy storage on the LV DC side which should also be available for the MVDC side (installation of energy storage systems / ESS on the LVDC bus).
  • an uncontrolled rectifier can still be used on the MV DC side .
  • a combination of an active rectifier (based on the regenerative power) and a controlled, simple rectifier for If a PEM generator or asynchronous generator is used, bidirectional rectifiers (eg multi-level converters) can generally be used.
  • bidirectional rectifiers eg multi-level converters
  • the MV and LV voltage levels can be designed as two winding systems to create one To feed starboard and port bus.
  • every single wick to be provided with a separate converter (full bridge) and to integrate the converter into the generator. Here each individual winding can be switched separately and the windings can be switched so that a max.
  • Coupling of the windings is achieved if this is required for power transmission via the generator. Or, if the coupling is no longer required, a max. Decoupling can be achieved. If the individual inverters assigned to each winding are integrated into the generator, additional space savings are achieved and the generator is connected directly to the DC buses. According to the concept, certain energy flows can be achieved. According to one concept, there are three energy connections to the generator (Fuel Engine; MV DC; LV DC) and the following operating cases can be used: A) + power fuel engine; - power MV DC; - LV LV power
  • the generator could also be turned using a small auxiliary motor that is speared over the LV winding. Since the generator is used as a rotating transformer in operation, the efficiency for the power transmission between the DC buses is not optimal in this operating state. In this case, the ESS must therefore be connected to the DC bus, where the major part of the power (energy) is also required.
  • the water-bound device in particular the floating device, also has a first zone, a second zone, and a second energy source, the first energy source in the first zone for supplying at least one DC bus of the at least two DC buses is provided and wherein the second energy source is provided in the second zone for supplying at least one DC bus of the at least two DC buses.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device in particular a floating device, can also be implemented with a first DC voltage bus for a first DC voltage and with a second DC voltage bus for a second DC voltage, a first energy source having at least three feeding electrical connections to the DC voltage buses, wherein at least one of the DC buses has sections. This can also improve the security of supply of the energy supply system.
  • a first supply connection of the at least three supply electrical connections feeds a first section and a second supply connection of the at least three supply electrical connections feeds a second section of the same DC bus, a third supply connection of the at least three supply electrical connections feeds a section of the further DC bus. In this way, the supply of electrical energy can be distributed over various DC buses.
  • this has a fourth supply connection for the first energy source, two of the at least four supply connections for supplying the first DC voltage bus being provided in different sections of the first DC voltage bus, and two more of the at least four supply connections for supplying the second DC bus are provided in different sections of the second DC bus. This increases the operational safety of the water-bound facility.
  • An energy supply system for a water-bound device in particular a floating device, can also be implemented with a first DC bus for a first DC voltage and with a second DC bus for a second DC voltage, a first energy source has at least two supplying electrical connections to the DC buses, at least one of the DC buses having sections. This can also improve the security of supply of the energy supply system.
  • a first supply connection of the at least two supply electrical connections feeds a first section and a second supply connection of the at least two supply electrical connections feeds a second section of the same DC bus or the second supply connection of the at least two supply electrical connections feeds a section of the further DC bus.
  • the supply of electrical energy can be distributed via various DC voltage buses.
  • this has a third and fourth supply connection of the first energy source, two of the at least four supply connections being provided for supplying the first DC bus in different sections of the first DC bus, and two further of the four supplying the connections for supply of the second DC voltage bus are provided in different sections of the second DC voltage bus. This increases the operational safety of the water-bound facility.
  • a first feeding connection of the at least two feeding electrical connections feeds a first section and a second feeding connection of the at least two feeding electrical connections feeds a second section of the same DC voltage bus, a third feeding connection feeding a section of the further DC voltage bus.
  • the water-bound device has a first zone and a second zone, the first direct voltage bus and / or the second direct voltage bus extending over the first zone and / or the second zone, the first energy source for feeding sections the first DC voltage bus and / or the second DC voltage bus is provided in different zones. This can increase the redundancy for supplying the DC voltage buses with electrical energy.
  • the latter has a second energy source, the first energy source being provided in the first zone for supplying at least one DC voltage bus for the at least two DC voltage buses, and the second energy source in the second zone for supplying at least one DC voltage bus for the at least two DC buses are provided.
  • both DC buses can be supplied with electrical energy, even if only one energy source is active.
  • a section of the first DC voltage bus has both a supply connection to the first energy source and a further supply electrical connection to the second energy source. This can also improve the flexibility of the system.
  • a section of the second DC voltage bus has both a supply connection to the first energy source and a further supply electrical connection to the second energy source.
  • supply connections can generally also have a switch here in order to be able to flexibly activate or deactivate the supply connection (the supply electrical connection).
  • at least one of the DC voltage buses can be formed or designed as a ring bus.
  • the ring bus can be separated by switches on.
  • a ring bus can be divided into two smaller buses. The smaller buses can in turn be converted into ring buses by adding elements. The possibility of separating the ring bus allows flexible reaction to errors.
  • the switches for disconnecting the bus and / or ring bus are designed as ultra-fast switching elements and in particular as semiconductor switching elements or hybrid switching elements which have a tripping time in the range from 1 us to 150 us.
  • Hybrid switching devices feature mechanical and semiconductor and / or electronic elements. The rapid tripping reduces the short-circuit current that occurs and prevents the fault from having a negative impact on the neighboring zone. This prevents further failures from neighboring zones.
  • the first DC bus is provided for a first DC voltage and the second DC bus for a second
  • the DC voltage is provided, the first DC voltage being greater than the second DC voltage.
  • the lower voltage is a low voltage (LV) and the higher voltage is a medium voltage (MV).
  • the low voltage is especially between 400V and 1000V. In the future, low-voltage systems up to a voltage of 1500 V can also be expected.
  • the medium voltage is greater than 1000V or 1500V, in particular between 10kV and 20kV or between 5kV and 20kV.
  • the different voltage levels of the DC voltage buses also offer a cost-optimal allocation (in particular because of the cost of the power electronics) of the consumer, with the consumers of lower power being assigned to the lower voltage. Under assignment is the electrical connection of the consumer to understand the DC voltage bus.
  • the first DC bus is connected to the second DC bus, for example, via at least one of the following couplings:
  • the first DC voltage is therefore greater than the second DC voltage.
  • the first DC voltage is a medium voltage (MV: Medium Voltage - medium voltage) and the second DC voltage is a low voltage (LV: Low Voltage - low voltage), wherein an energy transfer from the first DC voltage bus to the second DC voltage bus is possible as well as an energy transfer from the second DC voltage bus to the first DC bus is possible.
  • MV Medium Voltage - medium voltage
  • LV Low Voltage - low voltage
  • the first DC bus is provided for a first DC voltage and the second DC bus is provided for a second DC voltage, the first DC voltage being greater than the second DC voltage.
  • Consumers such as motors, electronics, heaters, etc. can be supplied with electrical energy at a suitable voltage level.
  • At least one of the DC voltage buses is provided for an extension over at least two zones.
  • a zone can be supplied with electrical energy which itself has no energy source.
  • a zone can be bridged by means of a bypass.
  • the bypass can be understood as part of a ring bus, with branches being separated in the area of the bypass.
  • the bypass can also be implemented via a further DC voltage level. For example, a zone that is under water or has broken out in the fire can be disconnected from the electrical supply without affecting another zone into which the corresponding bus extends.
  • At least one of the DC voltage buses has sections where the sections are zone-related.
  • the sections can be separated from one another, for example by means of switches.
  • a switch can be a mechanical switch and / or a mechanical and semiconductor switch and / or a semiconductor switch.
  • two zones can have two sections.
  • a zone can have two sections from the same bus.
  • each zone has its own energy source with a section.
  • the first energy source is provided in the first zone for supplying the first DC bus and the second DC bus.
  • both voltage levels can be supplied with energy in one zone.
  • the first DC voltage bus is provided for supplying the second DC voltage bus.
  • the second direct voltage bus can also be supplied with energy by an energy source which is connected to the first direct voltage bus.
  • this has a three-phase bus, the second direct voltage bus being provided for supplying the three-phase bus. Since the three-phase bus can extend over at least two zones or be limited to one zone. In one embodiment, it is also possible for the three-phase bus to bridge one or more zones, ie there is a bypass of at least one zone.
  • the three-phase bus (alternating current) is intended for supplying alternating current suppliers.
  • This can be, for example in a cruise ship, kitchen appliances such as toasters, waffle irons or coffee machines that can be connected to sockets.
  • the energy supply system it is possible, in particular depending on a ship application, to at least partially integrate an AC distribution network at a low-voltage level to form a medium-voltage DC distribution network or to form individual DC islands within the zones, which between the zones via AC -Connections are connected.
  • individual DC islands are connected to one another via DC / DC converters.
  • a zone can be operated autonomously, this autonomous zone having at least one of the energy sources, the first DC voltage bus and / or the second DC voltage bus being able to be fed, the first DC voltage bus and the second
  • DC bus with its respective section also remain in this zone. So a section does not go beyond a zone. In this way, autonomous areas can be set up within a floating device, which can work for themselves even if one of the zones of the floating device fails or is damaged.
  • the floating device has at least two longitudinal zones and at least two transverse zones, at least two sections of a DC bus are in the same transverse zone and also in different longitudinal zones.
  • the longitudinal zone is delimited, for example, by a longitudinal bulkhead.
  • the transverse zone is delimited, for example, by a transverse bulkhead.
  • At least one of the DC voltage buses has a switching device (switch).
  • the switching device which works mechanically and / or electrically through semiconductors, is used to separate or connect sections of the respective buses.
  • the switching device for disconnection or connection can be triggered on the basis of switching commands which are generated on the basis of an electrical state and / or on the basis of switching commands which are generated on the basis of events in a zone (for example water ingress, fire, etc.) .
  • the switching device in the DC bus is a fault isolating switch, the fault isolating switch separating the bus, in particular in the event of a short-circuit fault.
  • the fault isolating switch can also be referred to as a short circuit switch.
  • the switching device in particular separates two zones.
  • the switching device is, for example, a high-speed switch that enables safe separation of sections of a bus.
  • a short circuit in a zone can be limited to this zone.
  • Other zones remain largely unaffected by a short circuit in one of the plurality of zones. Shutting down and restarting the power supply in the event of a short circuit is thus avoidable. The probability of a blackout for the entire floating device can thus be reduced.
  • the floating Device has a first zone and a second zone, the floating device having a first DC voltage bus for a first DC voltage and a second DC voltage bus for a second DC voltage, the floating device having a first energy source and a second energy source, electrical energy from the first zone to the second zone or from the second zone to the first zone.
  • zones can be supplied with electrical energy regardless of whether they have an energy source.
  • a method for operating an energy supply system for a water-bound device with a first DC bus for a first DC voltage and with a second DC bus for a second DC voltage, with a first energy source, the first energy source having a generator system which has a first Has winding system for supplying the first DC voltage bus and which has a second winding system for supplying the second DC voltage bus, a first voltage is generated by means of the first winding system and a second voltage is generated by means of the second winding system, the second voltage being less than the first voltage , wherein a diesel or a gas turbine is used to drive the generator system.
  • This and other methods can be supplemented and / or combined with further configurations.
  • the feed through the first winding system or the feed through the second winding system is prevented.
  • its hotel load can be operated using only one winding system.
  • the switch to or with the MV system (MV bus) can therefore be opened if only energy is required for the LV bus.
  • the DC voltage buses become electrical Energy supplied.
  • the special electrical connections have switches, for example, to disconnect or close the connection. For example, faulty areas (eg due to a short circuit) of the energy supply system can be separated from correctly working areas.
  • a power supply system described here is used when carrying out the method.
  • At least one of the methods in the event of a fault, e.g. Short circuit, earth fault, water ingress, fire, in one zone, at least one of the DC buses depending on the bulkhead, e.g. separated depending on the zone.
  • a fault e.g. Short circuit, earth fault, water ingress, fire
  • at least one of the DC buses depending on the bulkhead e.g. separated depending on the zone.
  • a partition is closed in the event of a fault and at least one of the DC buses is separated depending on the partition. So in particular in the event of a malfunction, this malfunction can be limited to one zone.
  • a first energy management is carried out for at least the first zone and a second energy management for at least the second zone.
  • each zone which has an energy source, can have energy management by means of an energy management system, the energy management systems of different zones being connectable to one another in terms of data technology.
  • a master energy management system can be defined, which controls the energy flow between the zones, which is determined by the individual energy management systems. managed, controls and / or regulates.
  • a wired or radio-based transmission system can be used for data transmission. The radio-based transmission system enables faults that occur, for example, as a result of mechanical damage within a zone, to be mastered better.
  • each zone can be operated autonomously in the event of a fault, even if the higher-level energy management system fails.
  • a zone has at least one autonomous automation system.
  • this can be used with any of the configurations and combinations of the energy supply system described here. Due to the high flexibility of the process and the energy supply system, flexible operation of the floating device is possible.
  • a network architecture for high-performance on-board electrical systems with at least two voltage levels can be implemented.
  • DC networks the electrical energy is rectified and distributed via the common DC bus.
  • Large AC loads, as well as small ones, such as main and auxiliary drives, are fed from the DC bus via inverters.
  • AC sub-networks require an inverter and a transformer.
  • the voltage can be selected via the transformation ratio of the transformer.
  • the frequency can be set by the inverter regardless of the speed of the generators.
  • the use, in particular increased use, of DC voltage buses can avoid the problems existing in the AC networks with regard to the high weight of the transformers and different frequencies of the networks in relation to the generator.
  • the network architecture is characterized in particular by at least two DC bus systems (LV and MV), which can be designed as a closed bus.
  • LV and MV DC bus systems
  • These DC ring buses are made possible in particular by using a very fast semiconductor switch for LV and MV to ensure the integrity of the individual bus sections in the zones in the event of a fault. This avoids that faulty bus sections lead to failures of other bus sections.
  • the integration of an LV DC ring bus in addition to an MV ring bus enables the connection of decentralized energy storage systems to the LV DC ring bus and the use and distribution of energy through the closed bus.
  • the decentralized energy storage systems represent secondary energy sources in particular.
  • the use of several closed DC ring buses also enables a better possibility of power distribution and / or energy distribution between the ring buses of the different voltage levels.
  • a possibility of connecting the different voltage levels is via a DC / DC converter.
  • Another possibility is to supply the further DC ring bus on the AC side of the generator via a transformer and a rectifier, while the DC ring bus with the higher power / higher voltage is supplied directly via a rectifier.
  • the rectifier of the low-voltage ring bus can also be designed as an active inverter in order to enable the energy flow in both directions. Feeding the generator via rectifiers or controlled rectifiers also enables a higher frequency of the generator output voltage, which reduces the required transformer in weight and size.
  • a generator has at least two voltage levels. This enables a further optimization of the system and the avoidance of a heavy transformer.
  • Generators with at least two voltage levels can be supplied with a first voltage level and a second voltage level. This applies in particular to the first DC voltage bus and the second DC voltage bus, which are each connected to the generator via rectifiers. This avoids the multiple conversion of energy as with AC grids. Arrangements that cover the upper and second voltage levels are sensible, since the powers in the second and further lower voltage levels continue to decrease.
  • the rectifier on the second DC voltage bus can also be designed as an active rectifier, this permitting energy flow in both directions and / or also being able to form a network.
  • energy can be transported from the second DC voltage bus, operated as a low-voltage bus, and energy can be transported via the stationary, non-rotating generator to the first DC voltage bus, operated as a medium-voltage bus.
  • the generator frequency can be freely selected within certain limits.
  • the active part length of the generator is shortened.
  • a generator can thus have two different active part lengths, for example. This can be achieved, for example, by using new ones Manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing. Possible savings result, for example, in the area of the winding heads. This also makes sense for generators that do not become longer or only slightly longer, despite several windings lying one behind the other.
  • a new network architecture for ships with large on-board electrical system services and / or hotel services can be used to integrate multiple closed DC Ring buses at different voltage levels can be used to implement an efficient energy supply.
  • the increased use of DC buses enables the reduction of network distribution transformers, e.g. 50Hz or 60Hz, which are necessary for AC networks.
  • a conversion AC / DC / AC in the upper voltage level can be dispensed with in the floating device and the conversion DC / AC / DC between the voltage levels can be simplified.
  • the sub-network i.e. the network with a lower voltage
  • the frequency of the feeding AC voltage can be optimally selected.
  • the use of several DC ring buses with different voltage levels can be ensured by fast switching semiconductor switches and enables a more optimal and safe load distribution between the buses and a more optimal distribution and use of energy storage between the individual zones.
  • the consumers of the second and lower voltage level can be fed with a fixed, freely assignable frequency, which is not dependent on the speed of the diesel generators, even if the upper voltage level is operated with a variable frequency.
  • the distribution transformers for the second voltage levels are designed redundantly. If the hotel output is 10MW, for example, the total installed power of the distribution transformers is at least 20MW. Due to additional security and taking into account simultaneity factors, this value increases significantly to values between 25MW and 30MW.
  • the generators, which are connected to the first voltage level only need to provide the 20MW for the second voltage level.
  • the various described power supply systems or water-bound facilities, as well as the described procedures can be variably combined in their characteristics.
  • the corresponding system, the corresponding device or method e.g. adapt for use in a cruise ship, a crane ship, an oil platform, etc.
  • the energy supply system has an electrical wave.
  • This is an electrical drive solution in which at least one generator and at least one drive motor are coupled to one another without an intermediate converter or converter.
  • one or more variable-speed drive motors ie the motors for driving the propellers
  • Generators of this type can also feed at least one of the DC voltage buses via a rectifier.
  • the control and / or regulation of the motors and thus the propulsion units is thus carried out indirectly by control and / or regulation of the internal combustion engines for driving the generators.
  • the drive motors are firmly coupled electrically to the generators, which means that the generators rotate a corresponding proportional rotation of the electric drive motors. It is thus the function of a me chanical wave using electrical machines.
  • Such a drive solution is referred to as an electrical shaft.
  • an on-board power supply converter i.e. an on-board power supply converter converts the voltage of variable amplitude and variable frequency generated by the generator (s) into a voltage of constant amplitude and constant frequency for an on-board supply system around.
  • the LV DC bus for example, is assigned to the on-board electrical system and therefore has it.
  • An electric drive shaft comprises, for example, at least one variable-speed generator for generating a voltage with variable amplitude and variable frequency and at least one variable-speed drive motor provided with this voltage.
  • the at least one generator has in particular a superconductor winding, in particular a high-temperature superconductor
  • the superconductor winding can be a stator winding or a rotating rotor winding of the generator.
  • a generator with a superconductor winding has, in particular, a considerably larger magnetic air gap between the rotor and the stator compared to a conventional generator without a superconductor winding. This is mainly due to the fact that the superconductor is cooled by a vacuum cryostat or a similar cooling device, the wall of which or the wall runs in the air gap.
  • the relatively large magnetic air gap means that the generator has a much lower synchronous reactance than a conventional generator. This means that, with the same electrical output, an HTS generator has a significantly stiffer current-voltage characteristic compared to a conventional generator.
  • the electric shaft also includes a generator synchronization device for synchronizing the amplitude, frequency and phase of the voltages generated by the generators.
  • At least one generator and / or one motor has HTS technology.
  • an interface for a port power supply is provided.
  • This interface is, for example, a connection to the MV DC voltage bus and / or a connection to the LV DC voltage bus and / or a connection to a three-phase system of the energy supply system.
  • 5 shows a second circuit diagram for an energy supply system
  • 6 shows a third circuit diagram for an energy supply system
  • FIG 16 2 possible uses of a modular multilevel
  • FIG 17 2 possible uses of a modular multilevel
  • CGC clean grid converter
  • 21 shows a bypass circuit of a modular multilevel
  • FIG. 23 shows another protective circuit for a converter
  • FIG. 24 another protective circuit for a converter
  • FIG. 25 another protective circuit for a converter
  • FIG. 26 shows a circuit for triggering protection
  • FIG. 27 shows a further protective circuit for a converter
  • FIG. 28 protective circuits for direct current buses with a
  • FIG 30 with additional protective circuits for DC buses
  • FIG. 1 shows a ship 101 with a first division into zones.
  • a first zone 31, a second zone 32, a third zone 33 and a fourth zone 34 are shown. These zones are delimited by bulkheads 71. Another is done, for example, by a waterproof deck 70.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 2 shows a ship 101 in a type of top view and top view, with a second division into zones 31 to 39.
  • the zones can also be divided into longitudinal zones 102 and transverse zone 103.
  • An energy supply system 100 extends across the zones.
  • the energy supply system has a first DC bus 11 and a second DC bus 12.
  • the DC buses 11 and 12 extend differently across the zones.
  • the partitioning in the longitudinal zones can also be omitted. However, this is not Darge.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 3 shows a ship 100 with a third subdivision into zones 31 to 39, with zones 37, 38 and 39 being central zones within the ship and being delimited by further zones on the port side or on the starboard side.
  • the energy supply system 100 has a first DC voltage bus 11 and a second DC voltage bus 12, the first DC voltage bus 11 being for example, is a medium voltage bus and the second DC bus 12 is a low voltage bus.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 4 shows a first circuit diagram for an energy supply system 100.
  • the illustration has a first zone 31, a second zone 32 and a third zone 33.
  • the zones are marked by zone boundaries 105.
  • a first energy source 21 is located in the first zone 31.
  • the first energy source 21 has a diesel 1 and a generator 5.
  • a second energy source 22 is located in the second zone 32.
  • the second energy source 22 has a diesel 2 and a generator 6.
  • a first direct voltage bus 11 extends into both the first zone 31 and the second zone 32 and also into the third zone 33, thereby forming a ring bus.
  • a second DC bus 12 extends into the first zone 31 as well as into the second zone 32 and also into the third zone 33 and forms a ring bus there as well.
  • the buses can also not be designed as ring buses, but this is not shown.
  • the first DC voltage bus 11 is located in a first DC voltage level 13 or makes it available.
  • the second DC voltage bus 12 is located in a second DC voltage level 14 or makes it available.
  • the first DC bus 11 can be divided into sections 61 to 66. The subdivision is achieved using MV switching devices 81.
  • the first DC bus 11 is therefore at a medium voltage.
  • the second DC bus 12 can also be divided into sections 61 to 66. The division succeeds by means of LV switching devices 80.
  • the second DC bus 12 is therefore at a low voltage.
  • a three-phase bus (AC bus) 15 can be fed via the second direct voltage bus 12.
  • Batteries 91 are also connected to the second direct voltage bus 12.
  • Motors 85 which can be operated via inverters 93, are shown as consumers for the second direct voltage bus 12.
  • To supply the DC voltage buses 11 and 12 are a first supply 51, a second supply 52, a third supply 53 and one fourth feed 54 is provided. These supplies are supply de electrical connections for the DC buses.
  • the Ge generators 5 feeds via the first feed 51 from the first section 61, the first feed 51 having a rectifier 95 and a switch 84.
  • the generator 5 feeds the fourth section 64 of the first DC bus 11 via the second feed 52.
  • the second feed 52 in the first zone 31 also has a rectifier 96 and a switch 84.
  • the third supply 53 has a medium voltage transformer 105 and a rectifier 97.
  • the third supply 53 feeds the first section 61 of the second DC bus 12.
  • the fourth supply 54 has a switch 84 and a DC / DC actuator 104.
  • the DC / DC converter couples the DC buses together and is therefore a DC bus coupler.
  • the fourth supply 54 connects a section 64 of the first DC bus 11 to a section 61 of the second DC bus 12.
  • the generator 6 is connected to the DC buses 11 and 12 in the same way via the supplies 1 to 4, as described in the first zone 31.
  • Two buses are shown, but there may also be more closed and / or open MV / LV DC ring bus systems. This advantageously results in an optimized power distribution between the DC ring buses of the different voltage levels.
  • the ring buses enable a safe solution with increased availability, in particular by using an ultra-fast switching semiconductor switch.
  • the DC rails can be connected to HF via the AC generator side.
  • the use of DC buses enables reduced equipment and / or a simpler solution.
  • necessary transformers can be reduced by using generator solutions with two voltage levels.
  • a two DC bus system is possible, whereby the buses can also be designed as a ring.
  • a semiconductor switch is provided to implement the bus or buses.
  • the semi-conductor switch is in particular an ILC (intelligent load Controller), which is particularly scalable.
  • an LV ILC and a scalable MV ILC are provided as chopper solutions.
  • the use of the second winding generator is provided for feeding into the MV DC bus at two locations.
  • a supply can be provided once MV DC bus backboard and once MV DC control board within a zone.
  • the LV ILC can also be used to implement a secure LV DC bus between the zones. This can increase availability. Load distributions between MV DC Bus and LV DC Bus can also be better implemented.
  • the use of decentralized energy storage systems and their distribution is also significantly simplified.
  • the MV ILC in particular also enables a safe MV DC bus that can be designed as a ring.
  • the MV DC / AC / LVDC converter can be implemented by using a multilevel converter on the MVDC side and high output frequency on the AC side and thus a smaller transformer design. This can lead to the use of the same multi-cell topology as for the motor inverter or ship net supply with standard transformer design for high frequencies. This enables the use of cell redundancy in the multi-cell converter to increase availability.
  • FIG. 6 shows a third circuit diagram for an energy supply system 100. It is shown that as a consumer 11 marine propulsion motors 106, 107 can be connected to the first DC bus 11, each of which is provided for driving a propeller 108. The motor 106 is fed twice via the inverters 93 and 94. The motor 107 is simply fed.
  • auxiliary drives e.g. Compressor drive 207
  • a three-phase network via an active inverter e.g. a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with / without filter 208, which is connected to the DC bus 11, can be generated.
  • MMC modular multilevel converter
  • a generator 201 is shown with an associated rectifier.
  • a generator 200 with at least two winding systems and two associated rectifiers is for use with powers that cannot be realized for a rectifier.
  • these rectifiers can also feed a generator in parallel with a winding system (not shown).
  • generator 202 spits first DC bus 11 via a rectifier and one Transformer 205 and a rectifier 206 the second DC bus 12.
  • an infeed 204 is shown as a connection to land, shore connection.
  • this DC / DC converter is shown as a three-pole 210, three-pole.
  • a battery 211 and a further DC voltage bus can also be connected here.
  • this three-pole can also be designed as a multipole.
  • FIG. 7 shows a fourth circuit diagram, two motors each being connected to the propellers 108 via a shaft system 43 for driving.
  • power is supplied via the DC bus 11, but via different sections 61 and 64 of this bus.
  • FIG. 8 shows a fifth circuit diagram, wherein in addition to four energy sources 21 to 24 with diesel, alternative energy sources are also shown.
  • a windmill 25 can be an energy source.
  • a shore connection 26 can be an energy source but also a photovoltaic system 27.
  • FIG. 9 shows a generator system 10 with two generators 7 and 8, which are rigidly coupled via a shaft system 43.
  • the generator 7 here has a low voltage winding system and the generator 8 has a medium voltage winding system.
  • a low-voltage DC bus 12 is fed by means of the generator 7 and a medium-voltage DC bus 11 is fed by means of the generator 8.
  • 10 shows a multi-winding system generator 9 which has at least two winding systems, a first winding system for a medium voltage and a second winding system for a low voltage.
  • the first winding system is used to feed the first DC bus 11 at the medium voltage level (MV) via a first feeding electrical connection 51.
  • the second winding system is used to feed the second direct current bus 12 at a low voltage level (LV) via a further feeding electrical connection 53.
  • a synchronous or PEM generator with two winding systems and two or more voltage levels is used.
  • the individual winding systems feed two or more DC rails with different voltages via a diode rectifier or an active rectifier.
  • the windings can be arranged in the same slot as well as in separate slots for decoupling the systems.
  • all voltage levels can be provided with diode rectifiers (only one energy direction). If a power flow is required in both directions, active rectifiers can be used. (Eg with energy storage on the LV DC side which should also be available for the MVDC side.
  • an uncontrolled rectifier on the MV DC side is sufficient.
  • the use of an active AC / DC converter on the LV DC side also enables Independent DC voltage adaptation in the event of load jumps on the MV DC side.
  • the uncontrolled rectifier can remain here and the generator can be regulated to the MVDC voltage.
  • active AC / DC converters are required.
  • the MV and the LV voltage level as a 2 winding system to supply a starboard and port bus.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 11 shows schematically the possible arrangements of windings in the stator of a multi-winding system generator.
  • the LV windings can be in sections in adjacent grooves 44 and the MV windings in sections in adjacent grooves 45.
  • the MV windings and the LV windings can be in common grooves 46.
  • the MV windings and the LV windings can be alternately in slots 24 and 48.
  • the energy is required at various voltage levels.
  • primary energy from energy generators is made available and converted into electrical energy using three-phase generators.
  • This electrical energy is rectified at the highest voltage level in the vehicle electrical system and distributed via a DC bus.
  • DC DC controller DC networks.
  • the MV voltage level is usually in the range from 5 kV to 18 kV DC and the LV voltage level can usually be in the range between 375 V and 1500 V AC.
  • Voltage levels in the LV area For example, in the combination of a 1000V DC network with a 700V DC network.
  • DC networks the energy is rectified and distributed over the common DC bus.
  • the generator as two or more winding generators with two or more voltage levels, can be designed as a synchronous, asynchronous or PEM generator.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 12 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for a D-axis of a multi-winding system generator.
  • FIG. 13 shows an eighth circuit diagram for an energy supply system 100, it being shown how the first DC voltage bus 11 can be fed by the generator 6 via two un different sections 61 and 64 and how this generator 6 also the second DC voltage bus 12 also two different sections can be fed there.
  • FIG. 14 shows how two sections 61 and 62 of the first DC voltage bus 11 in different zones 31 and 32 can be fed by a generator in one zone (generator 5 in zone 31 and generator 6 in zone 32) and how this can also be done for the second DC bus 12 applies.
  • 15 is divided into two sub-figures 15A and 15B. Both combine an energy supply system 100, which has four diesels 1, 2, 3 and 4 as part of the energy sources 21, 22, 23 and 24 and expresses that the energy supply system can be expanded or expanded almost as required in accordance with the requirements for the water-bound device. is changeable. Because the water-bound device is located, for example, on a ship or an oil rig, it is operated entirely or predominantly as an island network.
  • the illustration shows an energy supply system 100.
  • the illustration is divided into two parts: a FIG a and a FIG b.
  • the energy supply system 100 relates to the distribution of electrical energy on a ship. In the same way, the energy supply system 100 can also be used in a submarine or on an oil platform or on another floating device.
  • a first DC bus and a second DC bus (PC bus) are shown.
  • the first DC bus has one to the second DC current bus lower DC voltage.
  • the first DC bus is a low voltage (LV) bus and the second DC bus is a medium voltage (MV) bus.
  • the voltage of the first DC bus 101 is, for example, ⁇ / equal to 1,000 V.
  • the voltage of the second DC bus is, for example,> 1,000 V.
  • the energy supply system has energy stores.
  • the energy storage devices are designed as batteries and are electrically connected to the first DC bus. The energy stores are above the first
  • a diesel generator has a diesel and generator.
  • a first diesel generator has a diesel 1 and a generator.
  • a second diesel generator has a diesel 2 and a generator.
  • a third diesel generator has a diesel and a generator.
  • a fourth diesel generator has a diesel and a generator.
  • the diesel generators are particularly intended for normal operation of the energy supply system.
  • the selgenerators 1 to 4 are in particular also provided for primary energy supply for the energy supply system 100.
  • the diesel generators are each connected to the second DC bus via a power converter.
  • a first medium voltage converter is located between the first generator and the second DC bus.
  • the medium-voltage converter can be separated from the second DC bus via a first switch.
  • the first DC voltage level is fed via a converter.
  • the low-voltage converters also have a respective assignment to the diesel generator.
  • FIG. 16 shows two three-phase modular multilevel converters 300 and 301. These are each part a DC bus coupler 306, which is an actuator.
  • a DC / DC converter (based on MMC topology (comparable converters are also used as motor inverters or active line modules / M2C topology) can be implemented. This makes a 3-phase AC high-frequency connection (up to 1000 Hz)
  • the modular multilevel power converter 300, 301 is connected to a first DC voltage bus (MV DC), and a second DC voltage bus 12 can be fed via transformers 302 and 303 and a subsequent rectifier 305.
  • MV DC first DC voltage bus
  • a branch 320 is provided which feeds a low voltage three-phase network of, for example, 400.
  • a 1-phase AC high-frequency connection is also possible (up to 1000 Hz) (lower outputs) Higher frequencies of the transformer are possible in order to further reduce the size and weight a realization of the MVDC / AC / LVDC converter by using a multilevel converter MMC on the MVDC side with high output frequency (in the range 200 - 2000 Hz) on the AC side to reduce the size of the
  • MMC Technology enables a modular structure and is also used in motor converters or line converters.
  • Possible advantages of using the modular concept on the MVDC side compared to DAB are: Use of the same multi-cell topology (M2C) and the same modules as for the motor converter, active line module or ship net supply converter with standard transformer design and core material for high frequencies up to 1000 Hz. Better scalability in relation to MV DC voltage levels. Reduced du / dt and di / dt.
  • Another advantage of using the MMC multi-cell converter is cell redundancy to increase availability.
  • Half-bridges or full-bridge circuits can be used, with various semiconductors (SI IGBT, SIC, .... also being used.
  • Short-circuit cases on the AC and DC side can be handled by the modular inverter.
  • the solution is especially for higher power transfer between MVDC and LVDC (as a guideline> 5MVA with today's IGBT Technology).
  • SIC enables higher frequencies and smaller transformers and will certainly also allow the use to be shifted downwards. (eg use of SIC lOkV / 200A -> higher DC voltages with fewer elements but also smaller outputs).
  • Another option is to supply several additional voltage levels by using a multi-winding transformer. Various other DC voltage levels can be fed via the various secondary windings via uncontrolled or controlled rectifiers.
  • a bidirectional converter can be used on the LV DC side. (Also in parallel to an uncontrolled rectifier if the regenerative energy is less than the energetic energy.).
  • the HF output frequency 400 Hz it is possible to feed 400hz equipment via an additional secondary winding (e.g. for Navy applications). In this case, it is no longer necessary to generate an energy conversion to a fixed network at 400 Hz over an LV DC level.
  • SI IGBT semiconductors can also be converted to SIC semiconductors. This reduces switching losses and higher output frequencies (10,000 - 20,000 Hz) can be achieved. This reduces the size of the transformer significantly, but in this case the core material has to be changed (eg to ferrites).
  • FIG. 17 shows a variation of the MMC topology, the modular multilevel power converters 301 being of single phase.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 18 shows a bidirectional converter "CGC” Clean Grid Converter.
  • the special feature here is that the CGC uses 4 semiconductor phase modules. Different semiconductors (SI IGBT, SIC; 3) are used for the AC connection and one as a brake chopper for the LV DC rail. This results in a compact design. Instead of a 3-phase AC system, a 1-phase AC system would be conceivable (lower power at higher DC voltages with reduced costs. Uncontrolled rectifiers can also be used here if there is no ESS on the LV DC side and energy recovery is not necessary An MMC with a single-phase output would come into play on the MV DC side and a single-phase full bridge on the LV DC side, as shown in Figure 20. The single-phase full bridge can also be equipped with an additional semiconductor phase module, which is then used as a brake chopper.
  • the MVDC / AC / LVDC converter can be implemented in one circuit by using two multilevel converters MMC on each zone side of the MVDC rail.
  • the two zones are connected via an MV ILC.
  • the two MMCs are magnetically coupled to the individual undervoltage windings using a multi-winding transformer. This means that any flow of energy is possible.
  • With open MV ILC also via the MMCs and the transformer. Operation without ILC would also be possible .... Optimizable solution depending on the power requirement between MVDC and LVDC as well as via the bus tie.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 19 shows an energy flow using an MV-DC bus 11.
  • the transformer 304 is used to adapt the voltage, which can be different for different outgoers. It is also possible to use a dual active bridge (DAB). For example, a setup with a SiC lOkV module and a transformer with 20kHz is possible.
  • DAB dual active bridge
  • the "Modular Multilevel Converter" circuit technology - M2C for short - circumvents the disadvantages of two- and three-stage converters by switching between several fine-stage voltage levels.
  • Each of the three phases of the M2C Converter has a series connection of identical sub-modules, each with IGBT, capacitors and a control. Due to the modular design, any number of semiconductors can be connected in series, which means that in principle any output voltage can be realized (see Figure 20). The desired sinusoidal shape of the output voltage is approximated by switching the individual submodules on or off in stages
  • the principle of operation of the modular multilevel converter (M2C) is shown in Figure 20.
  • the M2C topology switches between the voltage levels of 3 c 8 submodules: eight submodules each, two adjacent submodules, so that the complete voltage level for one phase can be switched.
  • the fine tuning takes place, for example - as with the two-level inverters - according to the pulse width, only that not the entire voltage swing
  • each submodule is connected to a very fast and powerful, hardware-related control section, the so-called power stack adapter (PSA), via two fiber optic cables. This is in turn connected to the higher-level Sinamics control of the Sinamics SM120 CM, which takes over the network control.
  • PSA power stack adapter
  • the modules are controlled more or less automatically on three levels: Internal logic in each module controls the gate drivers, measures the voltage and forms the external interface to the optical fibers.
  • the PSA as the higher-level control, calculates the required voltage based on the incoming status data of the modules and controls the IG-BTs depending on the power flow and the respective capacitor voltages so that the inverter branch voltages are always balanced.
  • An intelligent sorting algorithm mus ensures that the modules are loaded homogeneously and the module currents are synchronized and that the capacitor voltage does not rise too much.
  • the M2C clocks effectively at around 10 kHz, for example.
  • Each module has a bypass switch between the input terminals, which is automatically activated in the event of a module failure within a few hundred microseconds and bridges the defective module.
  • the rest of the converter can continue to operate without any problems.
  • the M2C has an inherently high level of reliability, which can be increased by adding additional sub-modules. These quasi-redundant submodules ensure that failures of individual components do not lead to the system being switched off, but that the process can continue to be operated productively.
  • the defective module can be replaced at the next scheduled maintenance interval.
  • a 10 to 15% oversizing gives, for example, security similar to that of the submodule as with a full redundancy.
  • FIG. 21 shows a bypass circuit of the M2C with a double submodule. If a submodule fails, the bypass bridges the defective part.
  • An energy supply system can have power fuses. So there are applications for power converters in the LV / MV DC Power area.
  • FIGS. 22 ff shows the MV DC power fuses for protecting parallel inverters on a DC bus.
  • This can be an LV DC bus or an MV DC bus (can also generally be used for protection in DC networks with converters).
  • the examples shown apply to any voltage level. Fuses in + and - (with previous fuses, these are integrated in + and -, this means that a voltage distribution across the fuses is achieved.
  • the MV DC power fuse is connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the pyro technology enables the individual fuses to be triggered simultaneously in a few us.
  • the DC voltage for the application is in the range 4 kV to 18 kV with the main application range being 6 kV to 11 kV.
  • the DC currents for the application are in the range 500 A to 3000 A with the main application range being 600 A to 1200 A. Due to the further development of power electronics and SiC (higher voltage values), the current range will expand to smaller currents in the direction of 200A. For LV DC applications, currents of up to 2000 A are required.
  • a solution can also be achieved with the power fuse using a parallel connection.
  • a parallel connection is also used in the previous fuses.
  • the DC voltage this can already be implemented in LV DC systems with a fuse without a series connection.
  • active tripping via current and or voltage detection with selective tripping can also be implemented with only two parallel inverters.
  • the use of different trigger criteria increases the trigger security.
  • an additional backup protection through the internal thermal release is supposed to guarantee an additional higher security. (Operation with internal thermal tripping without active tripping is also possible).
  • External triggering is achieved by a detonator that can be electrically ignited from the outside.
  • the internal triggering is achieved by a detonator inside the power fuse.
  • the inverter topology used can be a 2 or more point inverter or an MMC inverter.
  • the fuse can also be used for Energy Storage Systems (ESS) that are connected to DC distribution rails or to Multidrive DC systems.
  • ESS Energy Storage Systems
  • a power fuse solution is based, for example, on 1000V DC and is designed for switching an inductance of approx. 60uH and a switch-off current of 13 kA.
  • a power backup to values up to 10 kV (currently approx. 4 kV with approx. 13 kA) is also possible.
  • the goal is to use the power fuse for multidrive converter solutions (multiple inverters on one DC network) or to protect energy storage systems connected to these DC networks.
  • the design of the power fuse must be adapted for lower inductivities (approximately ⁇ 2uH) and higher switch-off currents (up to 80 kA).
  • the applications can be, for example, onshore in the industrial sector or offshore for marine, drilling or other offshore applications.
  • the current power fuse 1000V DC and further development to approx.4000V
  • LV DC solutions can be used with LV DC solutions.
  • a Fast current detection integrated into the DC connection for the inverter can also be integrated on the + and - rails
  • An additional voltage detection can also be used for tripping (increased safety against tripping). When recording the current, the direction of the fault current is also recorded.
  • the faulty inverter can be selectively switched off.
  • the power fuse has the advantage of a simpler selective design of parallel inverters and thus an increase in safety. Furthermore, the power fuse is significantly cheaper than the previous fuses. Semiconductor fuses can be damaged in the event of overload currents in the critical area (critical also with parallel connection). In another worst-case scenario, previously damaged fuses can then generate an arc outside the fuse because their housing breaks. The current new development can be used for current detection.
  • the DC current detection and or DC voltage can also be used for the control as well as for the measurement value acquisition within the scope of digitizing the converter. Fuses are connected in series to achieve higher voltages. Due to the low scatter of the detonators (a few us), a series connection is possible without major voltage asymmetries over the series connection. It is important to record whether the power feet have been triggered. This can be done visually by applying a temperature varnish. After tripping, the fuse is heated to such an extent that the paint on the fuse changes color and a fuse can be easily identified optically. A triggered fuse can be identified during operation by the voltage measurement.
  • Another idea to limit the di / dt in the first us is to place a capacitor with a thyristor in front of the fuse in order to limit the di / dt for the power fuse in the first us to reduce and thus reduce the current to be switched off in the event of a fault.
  • the short-circuit current and its direction are recognized via the current detection. If the short-circuit current flows from the DC bus into the inverter, the cause of the error lies within this inverter.
  • a quick trigger signal is given to the power fuse and at the same time to a fast semiconductor element TI.
  • the di / dt capacitor was not charged at the time. The dead time of the power fuse would result in a high cut-off current for the power fuse due to the high di / dt.
  • the short-circuit current is conducted within the first us into the di / dt capacitor before the power fuse is triggered until it is charged to the DC voltage. This reduces the current to be switched off in the power fuse.
  • the Powerfuse can be designed as an optically separable element. Comparison bar of a fuse switch disconnector that is currently used for fuses. This enables the separation function and the fuse function to be implemented more compactly in one.
  • the LV / MV DC power fuse is used for a bus tie connection.
  • One idea is to use the LV DC power fuses as a bus tie to connect two DC buses. This can be used with an MV DC bus with an MV DC power fuse.
  • the examples shown apply to any voltage level.
  • a solution with a solid-state breaker (LV or MV) is shown, which is a solution in the low-voltage range and is also possible for medium-voltage applications.
  • An alternative solution to this is the use of an explosive device in combination with a no-load disconnector, which is also required as a separation before the solution.
  • the example according to FIG. 29 shows the solution with explosive tion in combination with a no-load disconnector.
  • Explosion protection devices can be installed in each zone of the ship, or if this is not necessary, only one explosion protection device can be used as a bus tie to connect the two bus areas.
  • the no-load disconnector is required for both a solid-state breaker and a solution with an explosive device.
  • the explosion protection and the No load disconnector can be designed as one unit.
  • the use of a semiconductor fuse is also conceivable instead of the explosive device. Higher DC voltages can be achieved by connecting explosive devices in series. Higher currents through a parallel connection.
  • the pyro technology enables simultaneous tripping of the individual fuses in a few microseconds (us).
  • the protective function takes over the blast protection in the case of a solution with an explosive device in combination with a no-load disconnector.
  • the function of the operational opening and closing of the bus tie is performed by the No load beaker.
  • the bus tie can be opened or closed when there is no more current flowing through the bus tie, i.e. before operating the system or after shutdown, or it is ensured by the energy management / power management that the current before opening or closing ⁇ 0 is. Since the protective function is a rarer event, it can be accepted that if the explosive device is triggered, it can be replaced. However, operation is still possible after the release, since the two zones have been separated.
  • External triggering is achieved by a detonator that can be electrically ignited from the outside.
  • the internal triggering is achieved by a detonator inside the power fuse. This is triggered by a selective high temperature in the event of an overload current.
  • a power fuse 1000V DC and the further development to approx.4000V
  • a fast current detection is integrated in the DC bus, an additional voltage detection will also be used for tripping (increased safety against tripping).
  • voltage detection Another advantage of the power fuse is that it does not age like semiconductor fuses. Pyro element can be used safely for 10+ years.
  • Semiconductor fuses can be damaged in the event of overload currents in the critical area (critical also with parallel connection). In another worst-case scenario, previously damaged fuses can then generate an arc outside the fuse because their housing breaks. A new development can be used for current detection. (This also offers the possibility of arc detection via analysis of the current.)
  • the DC current detection and or DC voltage can also be used for control as well as for measurement value acquisition within the scope of digitizing the converter. Fuses are connected in series to achieve higher voltages. Due to the low scatter of the detonators (a few us), a series connection is possible without major voltage asymmetries over the series connection. It is important to record whether the power feet have been triggered. This can be done, for example, visually by applying a temperature color varnish.
  • a triggered fuse can be identified during operation by the voltage measurement.
  • Another idea to limit the di / dt in the first us is to place a capacitor with a thyristor in front of the fuse to reduce the di / dt for the power fuse in the first us and thus to reduce the current to be switched off in the event of a fault .
  • the short-circuit current and its direction are recognized via the current detection. If the short-circuit current flows from the DC bus into the inverter, the cause of the error lies within this inverter.
  • a fast trigger signal is given to the power fuse and at the same time to a fast semiconductor element TI.
  • the di / dt capacitor is not charged at this time.
  • the dead time of the power fuse would result in a high cut-off current for the power fuse due to the high di / dt.
  • the short-circuit current is conducted within the first us into the di / dt capacitor before the power fuse is triggered until it is charged to the DC voltage. This reduces the current to be switched off in the power fuse.
  • the Powerfuse can be designed as an optically separable element. Comparable to a fuse switch disconnector that is currently used for fuses. This enables the separation function and the fuse function to be implemented more compactly.
  • Other applications include:
  • a DC rail does not have to feed a second DC rail, but a power rail like the one used to distribute energy across several decks. Physically, this is the same as the second rail, but is a different purpose. For example, it could be a vertical track over a ship's decks.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 21 shows a bypass circuit of a modular multilevel converter with a double submodule, the bypass bridging the defective part if a submodule fails.
  • the illustration in FIG. 22 shows a protective circuit for a power converter 300.
  • the power converter 300 (in particular a modular multilevel power converter) is protected by means of an explosive device 310 (MV DC power fuses).
  • the triggering of the clock takes place via a pulse module 312.
  • a capacitor 311 is connected in parallel, to a direct voltage bus 11, which is in particular a medium voltage bus DC bus.
  • FIG. 23 shows a further protective circuit for a converter 300, which is protected by an explosive device 310 connected in series and in parallel.
  • the parallel and serial detonated explosive device in 310 can be released together via the pulse module 312.
  • FIGS. 24 and 25 show further variants for protective circuits for a converter 300, only one connection branch being protected here, which saves costs.
  • FIG. 26 shows a circuit for triggering a protection, in detail a circuit for the explosion protection 310, a voltage sensor 340 being provided and an overvoltage detection 341 being provided.
  • a pulse can be triggered in the module 312 provided for this purpose via a control unit (logic) 342 in order to control the
  • Tripping fuse (MV DC power fuse) 310.
  • FIG. 27 shows that the protective circuit with the explosive device 310 can be integrated into the converter 300.
  • the illustration in FIG. 28 shows protective circuits with switching devices 81 for the DC buses 11 and 12.
  • the switching device in 81 white semiconductor switches.
  • the switching device in 81 enables buses and thus zones to be separated from one another. For example, the spread of short-circuit faults can be prevented.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 29 shows protective circuits for direct current buses in a similar way to FIG. 28, in which case explosive device 310 is used together with mechanical disconnect switches 340 connected in series.
  • FIG. 30 shows that the explosion protection devices 310 different DC buses 11, 12 for the separation between two zones can be triggered by a common control logic 342.
  • FIG. 31 shows the flow of electrical currents I in the event of a short circuit in the converter 300.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 32 shows a structural construction of a modular multilevel converter.
  • the block diagram shows an embodiment of a three-phase modular multi-level converter.
  • Each input-side terminal Dl, D2 is connected to an internal DC voltage terminal 367, 368, whereby between the terminal Dl, D2 and the internal DC voltage terminal 367, 368 an input choke L d and an input resistor R d can optionally be connected, so that between the internal DC voltage terminals 367, 368 when the modular multilevel converter M is operating, an internal DC voltage u d is present and a DC current i d flows in the DC bus between a first input-side terminal D1 and a first internal DC voltage terminal 7. Between the internal DC voltage terminals 367, 368 run for each phase two electrically connected phase branches 361 to 366, between which an internal AC voltage terminal U, V, W is arranged for the respective phase.
  • Each internal AC voltage terminal U, V, W is connected to an output terminal U ', V, W' via an output choke L v .
  • a load not shown here, for example a transformer or an energy supply network, can be connected. This load does not necessarily have to be symmetrical.
  • Each phase branch 361 to 366 comprises a number of modules N electrically connected in series converter modules SM and to these converter modules S connected in series branch chokes L z .
  • the branch current flowing in a phase branch per ⁇ 1, ..., 6 ⁇ is denoted by i Zj .
  • the branch chokes L z of a phase can be magnetically coupled.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'alimentation électrique (100) conçu pour un dispositif (101) hydraulique, comprenant un premier bus à tension continue (11) pour une première tension continue et un deuxième bus à tension continue (12) pour une deuxième tension continue, ainsi qu'un coupleur CC-BUS (306) pour accoupler le premier bus à tension continue (11) et le deuxième bus à tension continue (12), ce coupleur CC-BUS (306) comportant un convertisseur (300, 301) multiniveau modulaire.
PCT/EP2019/076731 2018-10-02 2019-10-02 Système d'alimentation électrique conçu pour un dispositif hydraulique comportant un convertisseur multiniveau modulaire WO2020070201A1 (fr)

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CN113095018A (zh) * 2021-03-05 2021-07-09 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） 一种破冰船推进变频器开关器件选型方法
EP3940912A1 (fr) * 2020-07-17 2022-01-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'alimentation électrique
US11835946B2 (en) 2021-12-29 2023-12-05 Beta Air, Llc Systems and methods for redistributing electrical load in an electric aircraft

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