WO2020063379A1 - 一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板ct成像系统 - Google Patents

一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板ct成像系统 Download PDF

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WO2020063379A1
WO2020063379A1 PCT/CN2019/105904 CN2019105904W WO2020063379A1 WO 2020063379 A1 WO2020063379 A1 WO 2020063379A1 CN 2019105904 W CN2019105904 W CN 2019105904W WO 2020063379 A1 WO2020063379 A1 WO 2020063379A1
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detector
flat
panel
temperature
turntable
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PCT/CN2019/105904
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French (fr)
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杨舰
张励
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杨舰
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4411—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis the apparatus being modular
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/501—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of the head, e.g. neuroimaging or craniography

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the medical field, in particular to a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue in the brain.
  • Mobile flat CT is an X-ray computed tomography device suitable for patients' heads and limbs.
  • CT plain scan is preferred to understand the structural damage and intracranial hemorrhage.
  • the outline of blood in the brain can be clearly seen, including epidural, subdural and brain. Substantial damage.
  • Existing CT systems make it possible to image traumatic brain trauma at the medical site, but most existing systems are only suitable for bone imaging.
  • Mobile flat CT has low contrast when used for imaging of soft tissue, brain, blood, etc.
  • the acquisition of projection data cannot meet the sampling requirements, which makes the projection data undersampled in nature, which will cause aliasing fringes at the edge attachments of the image. Aliasing artifacts can affect the diagnosis of the fine structure of the field of view.
  • the presence of scattering makes the CT value underestimated, reduces the soft tissue contrast, and makes the image uniformity worse, which easily leads to misdiagnosis.
  • flat-panel CT uses a large-area flat-panel detector, its scattering effect is two-dimensional, and the scattering effect is much greater than that of clinical CT.
  • the presence of scattering makes the CT value underestimated.
  • Its biggest disadvantage is that it reduces the soft tissue contrast, and at the same time makes the image uniformity worse, which easily leads to misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is a technical problem to effectively reduce the artifacts in the flat CT imaging process.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue in the brain in view of the defects existing in the prior art during the work process.
  • the mobile flat-panel CT imaging system of the present invention effectively weakens image artifacts by optimizing the software and hardware structure of the imaging system and ensures the quality of the detected images.
  • a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue of the brain, including an X-ray source, a flat-panel detector, and a frame, characterized in that the frame includes a base, a rotating support, and a turntable
  • the rotary bracket is installed at the upper part of the base, and the turntable is installed at the center of the rotary bracket; the upper part of the turntable is provided with the X-ray source, and the bottom of the turntable is provided with the A flat-panel detector, where the turntable rotates 360 ° slowly on the rotating support, and drives an X-ray source and a flat-panel detector mounted on the turntable to rotate around the patient's lesion area;
  • the flat-panel detector is used for receiving X-ray signals, converting the X-ray signals into corresponding electric signals, and inductively obtaining temperature information of the detector itself; a data acquisition module is connected with the detector and is used for connecting all detectors The electric signal output by the detector is converted into projection data and the temperature information of the detector is converted into the detector temperature value; a control module is used to control the detector temperature value within the target temperature range and start the X-ray source work; image A reconstruction module is connected to the data acquisition module and is configured to reconstruct a tomographic image according to the projection data.
  • the data acquisition, reconstruction computer and post-processing are the same computer, which are arranged on the turntable.
  • the video signal of the data acquisition and reconstruction computer is output to the screen through the slip ring Gigabit network, and the mouse, keyboard and computer use wireless communication.
  • the flat-panel detector is a dynamic flat-plate X-ray flat-panel detector
  • the flat-panel detector is installed on the bottom of the turntable through a flat-panel base, and the periphery of the flat-panel base and all
  • An adjustment device for adjusting the position of the flat-panel detector is provided at the bottom of the flat-panel detector base, an anti-scatter grid is provided on the upper surface of the flat-panel detector, and a temperature detection system and air-cooled heat are provided behind the flat-panel detector.
  • the temperature detection system includes several heating units placed on the rear surface of the detector bracket and a temperature sensor placed on the flat-plate detector bracket, and the temperature sensor is used to obtain air temperature.
  • control module controls the heating unit to raise the temperature of the detector; when the temperature of the detector is higher than the upper limit of the target temperature range
  • control module controls the air cooling system to cool the detector
  • the imaging scan obtain the conversion temperature value of the detector according to the temperature information of the detector, and determine whether the temperature value of the detector before the scan is within the target temperature range. If the conditions are met, perform a CT scan; otherwise, adjust The temperature of the detector before scanning is within the target temperature range.
  • the anti-scatter grid is a flat plate with a thickness of 3 mm, and the anti-scatter grid is fixed on the surface of the flat panel detector by bolts.
  • the X-ray source is a pulsed fixed anode X-ray source
  • the rotating support is a contact slip ring type rotating support.
  • a front collimator is provided at the front end of the X-ray source, and the front collimator is a strip-shaped lead shield whose opening covers the X-ray source, and the front collimator is independently installed on the turntable. on.
  • the turntable is provided with a laser positioning system, and the laser positioning system is composed of three sets of cross-line positioning lights, and the three sets of cross-line positioning lights are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the turntable and the turntable.
  • the turntable is also provided with a light source lamp.
  • a wheel for moving the flat plate CT is provided at the bottom of the base, and a fixed support for supporting the base is also provided at the bottom of the base.
  • a method for using a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue in the brain is characterized by including the following steps:
  • the flat panel detector is mounted on the turntable through the rotating bracket, and the redundant radiation shielding layer is provided at the back of the flat panel detector to reduce the X-ray dose in the environment so that the operator will not be exposed to Radiation dose;
  • the focal distance between the surface of the flat panel detector and the X-ray source is 600-1000mm, the installation accuracy is controlled at 0-2mm, the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction of the rotating bracket are fine-tuned, and the installation position is fixed by using positioning pins;
  • the focal point of the X-ray source is 500-530mm from the center of rotation, and the installation accuracy is controlled at 0-2mm.
  • the X-ray source is mounted on the turntable through the rotating bracket, and the X-ray source passes through the rotating bracket.
  • X-axis direction and Z-axis direction are fine-tuned, using positioning pins to fix the installation position;
  • the laser beam of the laser positioning system intersects the rotation center through the axis of the center of the flat panel detector, and the angle between the laser light source and the light source lamp is 10 ° -30 °.
  • the imaging method of the mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue of the brain is: before imaging scanning, obtaining the detector conversion temperature value according to the temperature information of the detector, and judging whether the temperature value of the detector before the scanning is at the target In the temperature range, if the conditions are met, a CT scan is performed; otherwise, the temperature of the detector before the scan is adjusted to the target temperature range.
  • the method further includes: during the CT scanning process, acquiring the conversion temperature value of the detector according to the temperature information of the detector, and determining whether the temperature of the detector is within the target temperature range during the scanning process; if the conditions are satisfied, the CT is continuously executed. Scanning; otherwise, controlling the CT system to enter a standby adjustment state to adjust the temperature of the detector to a target temperature range during scanning.
  • T represents the conversion temperature value of the detector
  • T0 represents the air temperature.
  • S0 represents the initialization temperature information of the detector
  • S represents the temperature information after the detector is powered on
  • a PID control method is adopted to maintain the temperature of the detector within a target temperature range.
  • the mobile flat CT is small in size, light in weight, and has good mobility.
  • One rotation scan can cover the entire organ and can be imaged in all directions, which can meet the needs of emergency rooms in large hospitals, medium and small hospitals.
  • the X-ray source uses a pulsed fixed anode X-ray source, which has a smaller focus than clinical CT, ensuring better spatial resolution than clinical CT, and meeting the special requirements of orthopedic CT; pulse type, meeting the requirements of low doses;
  • the flat-panel detector uses a large sensitive area and a dynamic flat-panel detector, which has a high degree of integration and meets the needs of rapid CT acquisition;
  • the rotating bracket adopts a slip ring structure, which has the requirement of stable and stable rotation speed.
  • the flat-panel detector obtains the internal temperature information through the change of the physical parameters of the internal thermal-sensitive elements.
  • the temperature information can be linearly scaled to obtain the true temperature value of the detector.
  • the temperature information feedback is efficient and fast, avoiding the environmental temperature affecting the measured temperature. Impact; Detect the temperature of the detector before the imaging scan, adjust the detector at room temperature to the target temperature range to eliminate the interference of imaging at room temperature; use PID control to adjust the temperature of the detector to the target during scanning Temperature range. If an abnormal temperature is detected, the CT system is controlled to the standby adjustment state, and imaging scanning is not performed until the temperature of the detector reaches the target temperature, which not only overcomes the interference of temperature fluctuations on scanning imaging, but also avoids unnecessary X-ray radiation. .
  • the flat-panel CT system of the present invention requires very high mechanical accuracy, otherwise artifacts are likely to occur. However, there is always an error in the machining and installation of the machine.
  • the geometric position of the tube and the detector will be determined through advanced mechanical adjustment algorithms and design of the adjustment mechanism to ensure that the geometry meets the requirements and avoid aliasing artifacts.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue of the brain according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rear view of a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue of the brain according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a front collimator mounting structure of a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue of the brain according to the present invention.
  • 1 is an X-ray source
  • 2 is a flat panel detector
  • 3 is a rack
  • 11 is a front collimator
  • 21 is a flat detector base
  • 22 is an adjustment device
  • 23 is an anti-scatter grid
  • 24 is temperature detection.
  • the device, 25 is an air-cooled heat dissipation system
  • 26 is an after-ray shielding layer
  • 31 is a base
  • 32 is a rotating bracket
  • 33 is a turntable
  • 311 is a wheel
  • 312 is a fixed support
  • 331 is a laser positioning system
  • 332 is a light source lamp.
  • a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for detecting soft tissue in the brain includes an X-ray source 1, a flat-panel detector 2, and a frame 3, wherein the frame 3 includes A base 31, a rotating bracket 32, and a turntable 33.
  • the rotating bracket 32 is installed at an upper portion of the base 31, and the turntable 33 is installed at a center position of the rotating bracket 32.
  • the upper portion of the turntable 33 is provided with
  • the X-ray source 1 is provided with the flat panel detector 2 at the bottom of the turntable 33, and the turntable 33 rotates 360 ° slowly on the rotating support 32 to drive the X-rays installed on the turntable 33
  • Source 1 and flat panel detector 2 rotate around the patient's lesion area.
  • the flat-panel detector 2 is a dynamic flat-plate X-ray flat-panel detector.
  • the flat-panel detector 2 is mounted on the bottom of the turntable 33 through a flat-panel base 21.
  • An adjustment device 22 for adjusting the position of the flat panel detector 2 is provided at the bottom of the flat panel detector base 21, an anti-scatter grid 23 is provided on the top of the flat panel detector 2, and a rear surface of the flat panel detector 2 is provided.
  • the anti-scatter grid 23 is a flat plate with a thickness of 3 mm, and the anti-scatter grid 23 is fixed on the surface of the flat panel detector 2 by bolts.
  • the X-ray source 1 is a pulsed fixed anode X-ray source, and the rotating support 32 is a contact slip ring type rotating support.
  • the front end of the X-ray source 1 is provided with a front collimator 11.
  • the front collimator 11 is a strip-shaped lead shield whose opening covers the X-ray source 1.
  • the front collimator 11 is independently installed on the front collimator.
  • the turntable 33 is provided with a laser positioning system 331.
  • the laser positioning system 331 is composed of three sets of cross-line positioning lights.
  • the laser positioning system 331 is provided on the left and right sides of the turntable 33 and on the turntable 33.
  • the turntable 33 is further provided with a light source lamp 332.
  • a wheel 311 for moving the flat plate CT is provided at the bottom of the base 31, and a fixed support 312 is also provided at the bottom of the base 31 for supporting the base 31.
  • a method for using a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for brain soft tissue detection including the following steps:
  • the flat panel detector 2 is mounted on the turntable 33 through the rotating bracket 32, and the redundant radiation shielding layer 26 is provided at the rear of the flat panel detector 2 to reduce the X-ray dose in the environment, so that The operator will not receive the radiation dose;
  • the focal distance between the surface of the flat panel detector 2 and the X-ray source 1 is 600 mm, the installation accuracy is controlled at 0 mm, and the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction of the rotating bracket 32 are fine-tuned to use positioning Pin fixed installation position;
  • the focal point of the X-ray source 1 is 500 mm from the rotation center, and the installation accuracy is controlled at 0 mm.
  • the X-ray source 1 is mounted on the turntable 33 through the rotating bracket 32, and the ray source 1 passes through the Finely adjust the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction of the rotating bracket 32, and use the positioning pins to fix the installation position;
  • the laser beam of the laser positioning system 331 intersects with the rotation center through the center axis of the flat panel detector 2, and the angle between the laser positioning system and the light source lamp is 10 °.
  • a method for using a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for brain soft tissue detection including the following steps:
  • the flat panel detector 2 is mounted on the turntable 33 through the rotating bracket 32, and the redundant radiation shielding layer 26 is provided at the rear of the flat panel detector 2 to reduce the X-ray dose in the environment, so that The operator will not be exposed to radiation dose; the focal distance between the surface of the flat panel detector 2 and the X-ray source 1 is 800mm, and the installation accuracy is controlled at 1mm. Pin fixed installation position;
  • the focal point of the X-ray source 1 is 515 mm from the center of rotation, and the installation accuracy is controlled at 1 mm.
  • the X-ray source 1 is mounted on the turntable 33 through the rotating bracket 32, and the ray source 1 passes through the Finely adjust the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction of the rotating bracket 32, and use the positioning pins to fix the installation position;
  • the laser beam of the laser positioning system 331 intersects the center of rotation through the axis of the center of the flat panel detector 2.
  • the angle between the laser positioning system and the light source lamp is 20 °.
  • a method for using a mobile flat-panel CT imaging system for brain soft tissue detection including the following steps:
  • the flat panel detector 2 is mounted on the turntable 33 through the rotating bracket 32, and the redundant radiation shielding layer 26 is provided at the rear of the flat panel detector 2 to reduce the X-ray dose in the environment, so that The operator will not receive the radiation dose; the focal distance between the surface of the flat panel detector 2 and the X-ray source 1 is 1000 mm, and the installation accuracy is controlled at 2 mm.
  • the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction of the rotating support 32 are used to fine-tune the positioning. Pin fixed installation position;
  • the focal point of the X-ray source 1 is 530 mm from the center of rotation, and the installation accuracy is controlled at 2 mm.
  • the X-ray source 1 is mounted on the turntable 33 through the rotating bracket 32, and the ray source 1 passes through the Finely adjust the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction of the rotating bracket 32, and use the positioning pins to fix the installation position;
  • the laser beam of the laser positioning system 331 intersects with the rotation center through the axis of the center of the flat panel detector 2, and the angle between the laser positioning system and the light source lamp is 30 °.
  • the control module sends a temperature scale command to the data acquisition module, and the temperature sensor set on the surface of the metal substrate obtains the air temperature value T0 around the detector system.
  • the thermal sensor inside the detector sends the temperature information sensed in the cold state to the data acquisition module.
  • the data only includes the temperature information S0 before the imaging scan.
  • S0 350.
  • the temperature before the imaging scan The information S0 corresponds to the air temperature value T0.
  • the detector works in temperature scale mode at this time. First, determine whether the temperature value is within the target temperature range before scanning. If the conditions are met, perform a CT scan; otherwise, adjust the temperature of the detector until the conditions are met. At this time, the temperature information stored in the data acquisition chip when the temperature value is 25 ° C is far from the target temperature value of the detector of 36 ° C, and the temperature of the detector needs to be increased.
  • the control module After receiving the temperature information detected by the temperature sensor on the surface of the metal substrate, the control module will increase the current of the heating bar in the temperature adjustment module to generate heat and increase the temperature of the air around the detector. Environmental heat exchange will also gradually increase.
  • the physical parameters of the thermally sensitive elements in the detector will also continuously change, thereby generating the information S of the reaction temperature change.
  • the data acquisition module continuously receives the temperature information from the detector, and uses the "coretemp" function to obtain the conversion temperature value of the detector based on the detector's own temperature information.
  • the temperature value of the detector before scanning is adjusted to the target temperature range (36 ⁇ 1.5 ° C), and the CT system enters the imaging scanning period, thereby excluding the influence of the room temperature in the initial imaging period.
  • the data acquisition module uses a non-volatile Flash memory chip, which can save data for a long time without current supply, which enhances the reliability of the system.
  • the high-voltage generator controls the CT tube to emit X-ray signals.
  • the detector detects the emitted X-ray signals and generates electrical signals and continuously generates the detector's own temperature information.
  • the data acquisition module converts the electrical signals. After A / D conversion, projection data is generated and the temperature information of the detector at this time is converted into the temperature value of the detector (the temperature information conversion process is the same as the temperature conversion process described above), that is, the data stored by the data acquisition module also contains imaging data And temperature data.
  • the data acquisition module sends the stored projection data and the detector temperature value to the control module through the data communication interface (DIF) board, and then the control module uses PID control to adjust the temperature adjustment module according to the detector temperature value, so that the detector temperature is maintained at the target temperature.
  • the basic principle of PID control is to use the detector temperature value converted from the detector's own temperature information as the PID control measurement signal, take the target temperature as the given value, and proportionally according to the deviation of the measured signal from the given value (Proportional, P), Integral (I), and Derivative (D) operations.
  • the specific formula used is:
  • H represents the change of the temperature control output
  • e represents the difference between the given value and the measurement signal
  • P, I, and D are the adjustment coefficients in the proportional, integral, and differential operations
  • t is the adjustment time.
  • control module controls the X-ray source to stop generating X-ray signals and stop imaging data acquisition, and the CT system enters standby adjustment.
  • the state is specifically: when the control module detects that the temperature value converted from the temperature information of the detector is higher than the upper limit of the target temperature range, the control module controls the CT bulb to stop emitting X-rays, and the detector generates the temperature only from the internal thermal sensitive elements Information, the control module controls the fan operation, increases the flow of cold air outside the system into the CT system, promotes the heat interaction between the inside and outside of the CT system, reduces the temperature of the detector to the target temperature range, and adjusts the working mode of the CT system from standby
  • the state changes to the scanning state.
  • the control module detects that the temperature value converted from the temperature information of the detector is lower than the lower limit of the target temperature range, the control module controls the CT bulb to stop emitting X-rays.
  • the detector is only generated by the internal thermal sensitive elements. Temperature information, the control module controls the operation of the heating bar, heats the air around the detector, and gradually rises Increase the detector temperature until it reaches the target temperature range, and change the working mode of the CT system from the standby adjustment state to the scanning state. It should be noted that it is necessary to determine whether the scan is completed at the same time as the above adjustment process. At this time, if the scan data acquisition is completed, the control module controls the X-ray to stop emitting X-ray signals, the image data acquisition and temperature acquisition data stop, and the entire system operation stops. The above adjustment process lasts the entire imaging interval until the end of imaging. During this period, the temperature change in the detector will be induced by the thermal sensitive elements in the detector to generate temperature information.
  • the sensor senses the ambient temperature of the detector, which is not easy. Affected by the conductivity of the device material, it avoids the delay in transmitting the temperature change of the detector to the temperature sensor, and the data acquisition is more real-time and more accurate.
  • the temperature change of the detector is continuously monitored. When abnormal temperature is detected When it stops, it stops scanning and enters the standby adjustment state, which ensures that the imaging image is not affected by temperature fluctuations and avoids unnecessary radiation of the subject.
  • the multiple temperature detectors provided on the surface of the metal substrate frame also continuously feedback the temperature around the detector during the entire temperature adjustment process.
  • the control module performs the temperature value obtained by the temperature sensor and the temperature value converted by the data acquisition chip. In comparison, if the difference between the two is too large, for example: the temperature value converted by the data acquisition chip is within the target temperature range, and the temperature value obtained by the temperature sensor exceeds the maximum set temperature value, the thermal sensitive element in the detector may be faulty , You should stop scanning at this time.
  • the mobile flat CT is small in size, light in weight, and good in mobility.
  • One rotation scan can cover the entire organ and can be uniformly imaged in all directions, which can meet the needs of emergency rooms, large and small hospitals in large hospitals.
  • X-ray source 1 uses a pulsed fixed anode X-ray source, which has a smaller focus than clinical CT, ensuring spatial resolution better than clinical CT, and meets the special requirements of orthopedic CT; pulse type, which meets the requirements of low doses;
  • flat-panel detector 2 uses large Sensitive area, dynamic flat-panel detector, with high integration, to meet the needs of rapid CT acquisition; the rotating bracket 32 adopts a slip ring structure, which has the requirement of stable and stable rotation speed.

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Abstract

一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，包括X射线源(1)、平板探测器(2)，平板探测器(2)用于接收X射线信号，并将X射线信号转换为相应的电信号；数据采集模块，与探测器(2)连接，用于将探测器(2)输出的电信号转换为投影数据并将探测器(2)自身温度信息转化为探测器温度值；控制模块，用于将探测器温度值控制在目标温度范围内，并启动X射线源(1)工作；图像重建模块，与数据采集模块连接，用于根据投影数据重建断层摄影图像。移动平板CT成像系统通过对成像系统软、硬件结构的优化，有效减弱图像伪影，保证检测图像质量，从而有效地实现对脑部软组织的有效检测。

Description

一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗领域，尤其是一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统。
背景技术
移动平板CT是适用于患者头部和四肢的X射线计算机断层扫描装置。大型医院的因为患者人数较多，脑外伤急性期，优先选择CT平扫以了解结构损伤和颅内出血，可清晰地看到脑中鲜血的轮廓，包括硬脑膜外的、硬模下的和脑实质的损伤。现有的CT系统使医护现场的脑外伤成像成为可能，但大部分现有系统只适合进行骨成像。移动平板CT在用于软组织、脑、血液等成像时对比度很低；投影数据的采集不能满足采样需求，使得投影数据本质上是欠采样的，会导致图像的边缘附件出现混叠条纹。混叠伪影会影响对于视野的精细结构的诊断。散射的存在使CT值被低估，降低了软组织对比度，同时使得图像的均匀性较差，容易导致误诊。
由于平板CT采用大面积平板探测器，其散射效应是二维的，受到的散射影响比临床CT大得多。散射的存在使CT值被低估，其最大的坏处是降低了软组织对比度，同时使得图像的均匀性较差，容易导致误诊。因此，有效减弱平板CT成像过程中的伪影是需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对工作过程中现有技术中存在的缺陷，而提供一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统。本发明的移动平板CT成像系统通过对成像系统软、硬件结构的优化，有效减弱图像伪影，保证检测图像质量。
本发明的技术方案为：一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，包括X射线源、平板探测器、机架，其特征在于，所述机架包括基座、旋转支架和转盘，所述旋转支架安装在所述基座的上部，所述转盘安装在所述旋转支架的中心位置；所述转盘的上部安装设置有所述X射线源，所述转盘的底部设置有所述平板探测器，所述转盘在所述旋转支架上360°慢速旋转，带动安装在所述转盘上的X射线源和平板探测器围绕患者的病灶区域进行旋转；
所述平板探测器，用于接收X射线信号，并将所述X射线信号转换为相应的电信号以及感应获取探测器自身温度信息；数据采集模块，与所述探测器连接，用于将所述探测器输出的电信号转换为投影数据并将探测器自身温度信息转化为探测器温度值；控制模块，用于将探测器温度值控制在目标温度范围内，并启动X射线源工作；图像重建模块，与所述数据采集模块连接，用于根据所述投影数据重建断层摄影图像。数据采集、重建计算机以及后处理为同一计算机，布置 在转盘上。会有一套屏幕、鼠标、键盘，安装在一个可移动的小计算机桌上，该桌子可方便地收入整机中方便移动。数据采集、重建计算机的视频信号通过滑环千兆网络输出到屏幕，鼠标、键盘与计算机采用无线通讯。
更进一步的，所述平板探测器为动态平板型的X射线平板探测器，所述平板探测器通过平板探测器基座安装在所述转盘的底部，所述平板探测器基座的四周和所述平板探测器基座的底部设置有调整所述平板探测器位置的调节装置，所述平板探测器的上面设置有防散栅，所述平板探测器的后面设置有温度检测系统、风冷散热系统、冗余射线屏蔽层；所述温度检测系统内包括置于探测器支架后表面的若干个加热单元和置于平板探测器支架上的温度传感器，所述温度传感器用于获取空气温度。
更进一步的，当探测器的温度低于目标温度范围的下限值时，则所述控制模块控制所述加热单元对所述探测器升温；当探测器的温度高于目标温度范围的上限值时，则所述控制模块控制所述风冷散热系统对所述探测器降温。
更进一步的，在成像扫描前，根据探测器自身温度信息获取探测器转化温度值，并判断扫描前探测器温度值是否在目标温度范围内，如果条件满足，则执行CT扫描；否则，则调节扫描前探测器的温度至目标温度范围内。
更进一步的，所述防散栅厚度为3mm的平板，所述防散栅通过螺栓固定在所述平板探测器的表面。
更进一步的，所述X射线源为脉冲式固定阳极X射线源，所述旋转支架为接触式滑环式旋转支架。
更进一步的，所述X射线源的前端设置有前直准器，所述前直准器为开口覆盖所述X射线源的条状铅屏蔽，所述前直准器独立安装在所述转盘上。
更进一步的，所述转盘上设置有激光定位系统，所述激光定位系统由三组十字线定位灯组成，所述三组十字线定位灯分别设置在所述转盘的左右两侧和所述转盘正上方，所述转盘上还设置有光源灯。
更进一步的，所述基座的底部设置有用于移动平板CT的车轮，所述基座的底部还设置有用于支撑所述基座的固定支撑。
更进一步的，一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统的使用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)所述平板探测器通过所述旋转支架安装在所述转盘上，所述平板探测器的后面设置有所述冗余射线屏蔽层，降低环境中X射线剂量，使得操作人员不会受到辐射剂量；所述平板探测器表面距离X射线源的焦点距离为600-1000mm，安装精度控制在0-2mm，通过所述旋转支架X轴方向和Z轴方向微调，使用定位销固定安装位置；
(2)所述X射线源焦点距离旋转中心500-530mm，安装精度控制在0-2mm，所述X射线源通过所述旋转支架安装在所述转盘上，所述射线源通过所述旋转支架X轴方向和Z轴方向微调，使用定位销固定安装位置；
(3)所述激光定位系统的激光束通过所述平板探测器的中心的轴线与旋转中心相交，所述激光定位系统与所述光源灯的光源夹角为10°-30°。
本发明的用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统的的成像方法为，在成像扫描前，根据探测器自身温度信息获取探测器转化温度值，并判断扫描前探测器温度值是否在目标温度范围内，如果条件满足，则执行CT扫描；否则，则调节扫描前探测器的温度至目标温度范围内。
更进一步地，还包括，在CT扫描过程中，根据探测器自身温度信息获取探测器转化温度值，并判断扫描过程中探测器的温度是否在目标温度范围内，如果条件满足，则继续执行CT扫描；否则，则控制所述CT系统进入待机调整状态，调节扫描中探测器的温度至目标温度范围。
更进一步地，所述的根据探测器自身温度信息获取探测器转化温度值通过如下关系式实现：T＝(S-S0)/R+T0其中，T表示探测器转化温度值，T0表示空气温度值，S0表示探测器初始化温度信息，S表示探测器上电后的温度信息，R表示增益值，其中，R＝10。
更进一步地，还包括在扫描过程中，采用PID控制方法使所述探测器温度维持在目标温度范围。
本发明的有益效果是：移动平板CT体积小重量轻可移动性好，一次旋转扫描能覆盖整个器官、各个方向一致成像，能够满足大型医院的急诊室、中型和小型医院的使用。
1.X射线源采用脉冲式固定阳极X射线源，其焦点小于临床CT,保证空间分辨率优于临床CT，满足骨科CT的特殊要求；脉冲式，满足低剂量的要求；
2.平板探测器采用大灵敏区域、动态平板探测器，具有集成程度高，满足CT快速采集的需求；
3.旋转支架采用滑环结构，具有旋转速度稳定、平稳的需求。
4.平板探测器通过内部的热敏感元物理参数变化感应获取内部温度信息，通过该温度信息可以线性刻度转化得到探测器真实温度值，温度信息反馈高效、快速，避免了环境温度对测量温度的影响；在成像扫描前检测探测器的温度探测器的温度，将处于室温的探测器调整至目标温度范围，排除了室温对成像的干扰；在扫描期间采用PID控制调节探测器的温度维持在目标温度范围，如果监测到温度异常，则控制CT系统至待机调整状态，直到探测器温度达到目标温度才进行成像扫描，既克服了温度波动对扫描成像的干扰，又避免了不必要的X射线辐射。
5.本发明的平板CT系统对机械精度要求非常高，否则容易产生伪影。而机械的加工与安装总存在误差，将通过先进的机械调整算法和调整机构设计来确定球管、探测器的几何位置，以保证几何满足要求，避免混叠伪影。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统后视图的结构示意图。
图3是本发明的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统的前直准器安装结构试图。
图4为CT系统成像方法流程图；
图中：1是X射线源、2是平板探测器、3是机架、11是前直准器、21是平板探测器基座、22是调节装置、23是防散栅、24是温度检测装置、25是风冷散热系统、26是余射线屏蔽层、31是基座、32是旋转支架、33是转盘、311是车轮、312是固定支撑、331是激光定位系统、332是光源灯。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1、2、3所示，一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，包括X射线源1、平板探测器2、机架3，其特征在于：所述机架3包括基座31、旋转支架32和转盘33，所述旋转支架32安装在所述基座31的上部，所述转盘33安装在所述旋转支架32的中心位置；所述转盘33的上部安装设置有所述X射线源1，所述转盘33的底部设置有所述平板探测器2，所述转盘33在所述旋转支架32上360°慢速旋转，带动安装在所述转盘33上的X射线源1和平板探测器2围绕患者的病灶区域进行旋转。所述平板探测器2为动态平板型的X射线平板探测器，所述平板探测器2通过平板探测器基座21安装在所述转盘33的底部，所述平板探测器基座21的四周和所述平板探测器基座21的底部设置有调整所述平板探测器2位置的调节装置22，所述平板探测器2的上面设置有防散栅23，所述平板探测器2的后面设置有温度检测系统24、风冷散热系统25和冗余射线屏蔽层26。所述防散栅23厚度为3mm的平板，所述防散栅23通过螺栓固定在所述平板探测器2的表面。所述X射线源1为脉冲式固定阳极X射线源，所述旋转支架32为接触式滑环式旋转支架。所述X射线源1的前端设置有前直准器11，所述前直准器11为开口覆盖所述X射线源1的条状铅屏蔽，所述前直准器11独立安装在所述转盘33上。所述转盘33上设置有激光定位系统331，所述激光定位系统331由三组十字线定位灯组成，所述激光定位系统331分别设置在所述转盘33的左右两侧和所述转盘33正上方，所述转盘33上还设置有光源灯332。所述基座31的底部设置有用于移动平板CT的车轮311，所述基座31的底部还设置有用于支撑所述基座31的固定支撑312。
上述一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统的使用方法，可以采取以下实施例体现：
实施例1：
一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)所述平板探测器2通过所述旋转支架32安装在所述转盘33上，所述平板探测器2的后面设置有所述冗余射线屏蔽层26，降低环境中X射线剂量，使得操作人员不会受到辐射剂量；所述平板探测器2表面距离X射线源1的焦点距离为600mm，安装精度控制在0mm，通过所述旋转支架32的X轴方向和Z轴方向微调，使用定位销固定安装位置；
(2)所述X射线源1的焦点距离旋转中心500mm，安装精度控制在0mm，所述X射线源1通过所述旋转支架32安装在所述转盘33上，所述射线源1通过所述旋转支架32的X轴方向和Z轴方向微调，使用定位销固定安装位置；
(3)所述激光定位系统331的激光束通过所述平板探测器2的中心的轴线与旋转中心相交，所述激光定位系统与所述光源灯的光源夹角为10°。
实施例2：
一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)所述平板探测器2通过所述旋转支架32安装在所述转盘33上，所述平板探测器2的后面设置有所述冗余射线屏蔽层26，降低环境中X射线剂量，使得操作人员不会受到辐射剂量；所述平板探测器2表面距离X射线源1的焦点距离为800mm，安装精度控制在1mm，通过所述旋转支架32的X轴方向和Z轴方向微调，使用定位销固定安装位置；
(2)所述X射线源1的焦点距离旋转中心515mm，安装精度控制在1mm，所述X射线源1通过所述旋转支架32安装在所述转盘33上，所述射线源1通过所述旋转支架32的X轴方向和Z轴方向微调，使用定位销固定安装位置；
(3)所述激光定位系统331的激光束通过所述平板探测器2的中心的轴线与旋转中心相交，所述激光定位系统与所述光源灯的光源夹角为20°。
实施例3：
一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统的使用方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)所述平板探测器2通过所述旋转支架32安装在所述转盘33上，所述平板探测器2的后面设置有所述冗余射线屏蔽层26，降低环境中X射线剂量，使得操作人员不会受到辐射剂量；所述平板探测器2表面距离X射线源1的焦点距离为1000mm，安装精度控制在2mm，通过所述旋转支架32的X轴方向和Z轴方向微调，使用定位销固定安装位置；
(2)所述X射线源1的焦点距离旋转中心530mm，安装精度控制在2mm，所述X射线源1通过所述旋转支架32安装在所述转盘33上，所述射线源1通过所述旋转支架32的X轴方向和Z轴方向微调，使用定位销固定安装位置；
(3)所述激光定位系统331的激光束通过所述平板探测器2的中心的轴线与旋转中心相交，所述激光定位系统与所述光源灯的光源夹角为30°。
如图4所示，冷机状态下(成像扫描前)，控制模块向数据采集模块下发温度刻度命令，设置在金属基底表面的温度传感器获取探测器系统周围的空气温度值T0，该空气温度值为S1-S5探测器获取的数据均值，在本实施例中T0＝25℃。
探测器内部的热敏感元将冷机状态下感知的温度信息发送至数据采集模块，此时的数据只包含成像扫描前温度信息S0，在此实施例中S0＝350，此时成像扫描前温度信息S0与空气温度值T0是对应的。探测器此时工作在温度刻度模式，首先判断扫描前温度值是否在目标温度范围内，如果条件满足，则执行CT扫描；否则，则调节探测器的温度，直到条件满足。此时数据采集芯片中存储的温度信息时温度值为25℃时的信息，与探测器的目标温度值36℃差距较大，需要升高探测器的温度。控制模块在接收到金属基底表面的温度传感器探测的温度信息后，会加大温度调节模块中的加热条电流的通入产生热量，升高探测器周围的空气温度，探测器的温度由于与周围环境的热量交换也会逐渐升高。在加热过程中，探测器中的热敏感元的物理参数也会不断变化，从而产生反应温度变化的信息S。数据采集模块不断接受来自探测器自身温度信息，通过“coretemp”功能根据探测器自身温度信息获取探测器转化温度值，具体公式为：T＝(S-S0)/R+T0，R表示增益值，R的范围可以根据实际情况在5-15内变化，本实施例中优选为R＝10。通过上述过程调节探测器扫描前温度值至目标温度范围内(36±1.5℃)，CT系统进入成像扫描期，从而排除成像初期室温的影响。需要说明的是，数据采集模块采用的是非易失性的Flash内存芯片，在没有电流供应的条件下也能够长期保存数据，增强了系统的可靠性。
控制模块发出扫描成像命令发出后，高压发生器控制CT球管发出X射线信号，同时探测器检测到发出的X射线信号并产生电信号并连续产生探测器自身温度信息，数据采集模块将电信号经过A/D转换产生投影数据同时将此时探测器自身温度信息转化为探测器温度值(温度信息转化过程与前面所述温度转化过程相同)，即数据采集模块存储的数据中同时包含成像数据和温度数据。数据采集模块通过数据通信接口(DIF)板将存储的投影数据和探测器温度值发送至控制模块，然后控制模块根据探测器温度值采用PID控制调节温度调节模块，使探测器温度维持在目标温度范围内。其中PID控制的基本原理是：以探测器自身温度信息转化来的探测器温度值作为PID控制的测量信号，以目标温度作为给定值，根据测量信号与给定值的偏差进行比例(Proportional，P)、积分(Integral，I)、微分(Derivative，D)运算，在此具体实施例中，采用的具体公式为：
H＝P[e+I∫0 t(e)dτ+D d e d t]]]>
其中，H表示输出的温度控制变化量，e表示给定值与测量信号的差值，P、I、D分别为比例、积分和微分运算中的调节系数，t为调节时间。通过上述过程，控制模块输出某个恰当的控制信号给温度调节模块(加热条或风扇中的至少一个)，使得探测器的温度始终维持在目标范围内，达到自动控制的效果。在整个调节过程中，探测器中的热敏感元连续不断产生探测器自身温度信息，并反馈给控制模块。
在扫描过程中，如果控制模块监测到探测器的温度信息转换的温度值不在目标温度范围内，则此时控制模块控制X射线源停止产生X射线信号且停止成像数据采集，CT系统进入待机调整状态，具体为：当控制模块监测到探测器温度信息转化来的温度值高于目标温度范围的上限值，控制模块控制CT球管停止发射X射线，探测器只由内部热敏感元产生温度信息，控制模块则控制风扇运行，增大系统外冷空气向CT系统内流动，促进CT系统内外的热量交互，降低探测器的温度至目标温度范围内，并将CT系统的工作模式从待机调整状态转变为扫描状态；当控制模块监测到探测器温度信息转化来的温度值低于目标温度范围的下限值，控制模块控制CT球管停止发射X射线，探测器只由内部热敏感元产生温度信息，控制模块控制加热条运行，对探测器周围的空气加热，逐渐升高探测器温度直至到达目标温度范围内，并将CT系统的工作模式从待机调整状态转变为扫描状态。需要指出的是，上述调节过程的同时需判断扫描是否完成，此时如果扫描数据采集完成，则控制模块控制X射线停止发射X射线信号，图像数据采集和温度采集数据停止，整个系统工作停止。以上调节过程持续整个成像间期，直至成像结束，期间探测器内部的温度变化都会被探测器中的热敏感元感应产生温度信息，完全不同于传统需要传感器感知探测器周围环境温度的方法，不易受器件材料传导性的影响，避免了探测器温度变化传递到温度传感器的延时，获取数据实时性更高，更精确；在扫描过程中，连续监测探测器的温度变化，当监测到温度异常时，则停止扫描进入待机调整状态，既保证了成像图像不受温度波动的影响又避免了受测者不必要的射线辐射。
需要说明的是，设置于金属基底框架表面的多个温度探测器在整个温度调节过程中也连续反馈探测器周围的温度，控制模块将由温度传感器获取的温度值与数据采集芯片转换的温度值进行比较，如果两者相差过大，例如：数据采集芯片转换的温度值在目标温度范围内，而温度传感器获取的温度值超过最大设定温度值，则说明探测器中的热敏感元可能出现故障，此时应当停止扫描。
移动平板CT体积小重量轻可移动性好，一次旋转扫描能覆盖整个器官、各个方向一致成像，能够满足大型医院的急诊室、中型和小型医院的使用。X射线源1采用脉冲式固定阳极X射线源，其焦点小于临床CT,保证空间分辨率优于临床CT，满足骨科CT的特殊要求；脉冲式，满足低剂量的要求；平板探测器2采用大灵敏区域、动态平板探测器，具有集成程度高，满足CT快速采集的需求；旋转支架32采用滑环结构，具有旋转速度稳定、平稳的需求。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明以较佳实施例公开如上，然而，并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本实用发明方案范围内，当然会利用揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰，成为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，包括X射线源、平板探测器、机架，其特征在于：所述机架包括基座、旋转支架和转盘，所述旋转支架安装在所述基座的上部，所述转盘安装在所述旋转支架的中心位置；所述转盘的上部安装设置有所述X射线源，所述转盘的底部设置有所述平板探测器，所述转盘在所述旋转支架上360°慢速旋转，带动安装在所述转盘上的X射线源和平板探测器围绕患者的病灶区域进行旋转；
    所述平板探测器，用于接收X射线信号，并将所述X射线信号转换为相应的电信号以及感应获取探测器自身温度信息；数据采集模块，与所述探测器连接，用于将所述探测器输出的电信号转换为投影数据并将探测器自身温度信息转化为探测器温度值；控制模块，用于将探测器温度值控制在目标温度范围内，并启动X射线源工作；图像重建模块，与所述数据采集模块连接，用于根据所述投影数据重建断层摄影图像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，其特征在于：所述平板探测器为动态平板型的X射线平板探测器，所述平板探测器通过平板探测器基座安装在所述转盘的底部，所述平板探测器基座的四周和所述平板探测器基座的底部设置有调整所述平板探测器位置的调节装置，所述平板探测器的上面设置有防散栅，所述平板探测器的后面设置有温度检测系统、风冷散热系统、冗余射线屏蔽层；所述温度检测系统内包括置于探测器支架后表面的若干个加热单元和置于平板探测器支架上的温度传感器，所述温度传感器用于获取空气温度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，其特征在于：当探测器的温度低于目标温度范围的下限值时，则所述控制模块控制所述加热单元对所述探测器升温；当探测器的温度高于目标温度范围的上限值时，则所述控制模块控制所述风冷散热系统对所述探测器降温。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，其特征在于：在成像扫描前，根据探测器自身温度信息获取探测器转化温度值，并判断扫描前探测器温度值是否在目标温度范围内，如果条件满足，则执行CT扫描；否则，则调节扫描前探测器的温度至目标温度范围内。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，其特征在于：所述防散栅厚度为3mm的平板，所述防散栅通过螺栓固定在所述平板探测器的表面。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，其特征在于：所述X射线源为脉冲式固定阳极X射线源，所述旋转支架为接触式滑环式旋转支架。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，其特征在于：所述X射线源的前端设置有前直准器，所述前直准器为开口覆盖所述X射线源的条状铅屏蔽，所述前直准器独立安装在所述转盘上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于脑部软组织检测的移动平板CT成像系统，其特征在于：所述转盘上设置有激光定位系统，所述激光定位系统由三组十字线定位灯组成，所述三组十字线定位灯分别设置在所述转盘的左右两侧和所述转盘正上方，所述转盘上还设置有光源灯；所述基座的底部设置有用于移动平板CT的车轮，所述基座的底部还设置有用于支撑所述基座的固定支撑。
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