WO2020062687A1 - 一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构及含有该谐振结构的滤波器 - Google Patents

一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构及含有该谐振结构的滤波器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020062687A1
WO2020062687A1 PCT/CN2018/125167 CN2018125167W WO2020062687A1 WO 2020062687 A1 WO2020062687 A1 WO 2020062687A1 CN 2018125167 W CN2018125167 W CN 2018125167W WO 2020062687 A1 WO2020062687 A1 WO 2020062687A1
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Prior art keywords
mode
dielectric
cavity
value
resonance block
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PCT/CN2018/125167
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟庆南
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香港凡谷发展有限公司
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Application filed by 香港凡谷发展有限公司 filed Critical 香港凡谷发展有限公司
Priority to EP18934624.0A priority Critical patent/EP3859875A4/en
Priority to US17/270,453 priority patent/US11258150B2/en
Publication of WO2020062687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062687A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/2002—Dielectric waveguide filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/06—Cavity resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
    • H01P1/2084—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure with dielectric resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H01P1/208—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure
    • H01P1/2084—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure with dielectric resonators
    • H01P1/2086—Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow waveguide structure with dielectric resonators multimode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/10—Dielectric resonators
    • H01P7/105—Multimode resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to base station filters, antenna-feed filters, combiners, and anti-interference filters used in the field of wireless communications.
  • the types of filters can be band-pass, band-stop, high-pass, and low-pass.
  • Single-mode dielectric filters mainly include TE01 mode dielectric filters and TM mode dielectric filters, TE01 mode dielectric filters and TM
  • the mode dielectric filter generally adopts a single-mode dielectric resonance method. Although the resonance method can improve a certain Q value, it has the disadvantages of high production cost and large volume.
  • three-mode dielectric filters have emerged at the historic moment.
  • three-mode dielectric filters are generally divided into TE three-mode filters and TM three-mode filters.
  • TE three-mode filters have the characteristics of complicated coupling mode, large size, and high Q value;
  • TM three-mode filters have the characteristics of simple coupling mode, small size, and low Q value.
  • the weight, cost and volume of the TM three-mode filter are much smaller than the TE three-mode filter.
  • TE three-mode filters are generally used to design narrow-band filters in the prior art
  • TM three-mode filters are generally used for other types of filters. Because the dielectric resonance block of the TM three-mode filter is baked with silver, a glassy substance is formed between the silver layer and the surface of the dielectric resonance block after the baking of the silver, which causes the actual conductivity to be greatly reduced, and the actual Q value is lower. This further limits the scope of use of the TM three-mode filter. Therefore, how to obtain a TM three-mode filter with a small size and high Q value is a new direction for filter research and development.
  • the existing TM three-mode filters generally adopt a structure in which a cube / cube-like / spherical dielectric resonance block is arranged in a cube / cube-like / spherical cavity.
  • the dielectric resonance block is supported by a dielectric base, and
  • the ratio of the side size to the single side size of the dielectric resonator is generally greater than 1.6.
  • the comparison of the data provided by 1 shows that as the ratio of the single-sided size of the cavity to the single-sided size of the dielectric resonator block increases, the Q value of the fundamental mode will increase with the increase of the ratio, and the Q value of the higher-order mode will increase with As the ratio increases, the size of the dielectric resonance block decreases as the ratio increases, and the size of the cavity continues to increase. When the size of the cavity is close to 3/4 wavelength, the size of the dielectric resonance block continues to shrink, and the fundamental mode The Q value also decreases, and the frequency of the higher-order mode increases with the ratio, and is far away from the fundamental mode frequency.
  • the cavity volume of the resonant cavity corresponding to different ratios is also different, and can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the volume of the device is too large.
  • the application No. 2018101455572 discloses a small-volume, high-Q cavity three-mode structure.
  • the outer surface of the dielectric resonance block is arranged in parallel with the inner surface of the cavity and the distance between the two surfaces is extremely small Can effectively reduce the size of the filter and increase its Q value.
  • this structure has the following technical problems: 1. Because the distance between the dielectric resonance block and the inner wall of the cavity is extremely small, the adjustment range of the tuning screw is limited, which is not conducive to the installation and commissioning of the dielectric resonance block; 2. The distance between the inner wall of the cavity is extremely small, so the distance between the dielectric resonance block and the cavity is relatively sensitive to the frequency of the single cavity resonance, which is not conducive to the mass production of the dielectric resonance block; 3.
  • the small pitch has a high sensitivity to the resonance frequency of a single cavity, so the design accuracy requirements of the dielectric resonance block and the cavity are extremely high, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a convex three-mode cavity structure and a filter containing the structure, which can reduce the overall insertion loss of the filter to satisfy the cavity Filter requirements for smaller plug-ins and smaller footprints.
  • the invention discloses a convex three-mode cavity resonant structure, which includes a cavity and a cover plate.
  • the cavity is provided with a dielectric resonance block and a dielectric support frame.
  • the cavity is similar to a cube shape.
  • the dielectric resonance block is shaped like a cube and at least one end surface is convex.
  • the dielectric support frame is connected to the dielectric resonance block and the inner wall of the cavity, respectively.
  • the dielectric resonance block and the dielectric support frame form a three-mode dielectric resonance.
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric support frame is smaller than the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonance block; when the ratio K between the size of one side of the inner wall of the cavity and the dimension of the corresponding one side of the dielectric resonance block is :
  • the transition point 1 ⁇ K ⁇ the transition point 2 the high-order mode Q value of the three-mode dielectric resonant structure adjacent to its fundamental mode is converted to the fundamental mode Q value of the three-mode dielectric resonant structure.
  • the mode resonance frequency is equal to the fundamental mode resonance frequency before conversion.
  • the Q value of the fundamental mode after conversion is greater than the Q value of the fundamental mode before conversion.
  • the resonance frequency of the higher-order mode adjacent to the fundamental mode after conversion is equal to the phase with the fundamental mode before conversion.
  • Adjacent higher-order mode resonance frequency, conversion The Q value of the higher-order mode adjacent to the fundamental mode is lower than the Q value of the higher-order mode adjacent to the fundamental mode before conversion; the three-mode dielectric resonance structure is provided with an orthogonality for changing the degenerate three-mode electromagnetic field in the cavity. Characteristic coupling structure; the three-mode dielectric resonance structure is provided with a frequency tuning device for changing the degenerate three-mode resonance frequency in the cavity.
  • the cavity includes a cavity and a cover plate.
  • the cavity is provided with a dielectric resonance block and a dielectric support frame.
  • the cavity is similar to a cube shape and at least one end surface is convex.
  • the dielectric resonance block is shaped like a cube, the dielectric support frame is connected to the dielectric resonance block and the inner wall of the cavity, and the dielectric resonance block and the dielectric support frame form a three-mode dielectric resonance rod, and the dielectric
  • the dielectric constant of the supporting frame is smaller than the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonance block; when the ratio K between the size of one side of the inner wall of the cavity and the size of the corresponding one side of the dielectric resonance block is: transition point 1 ⁇
  • transition point 2 When K ⁇ transition point 2, the high-order mode Q value of the three-mode dielectric resonance structure adjacent to its fundamental mode is converted into the fundamental mode Q value of the three-mode dielectric resonance structure, and the converted fundamental mode resonance frequency is equal to the conversion Resonant frequency of the fundamental mode
  • the cavity includes a cavity and a cover plate.
  • the cavity is provided with a dielectric resonance block and a dielectric support frame.
  • the cavity is similar to a cube shape and at least one end surface is convex.
  • the dielectric resonance block is similar to a cube shape and at least one end surface is convex.
  • the dielectric support frame is connected to the dielectric resonance block and the inner wall of the cavity, respectively. The dielectric resonance block and the dielectric support frame form a three-mode dielectric.
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric support frame is smaller than the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonance block; when the ratio K between the size of one side of the inner wall of the cavity and the size of the corresponding one side of the dielectric resonance block is K
  • the transition point 1 ⁇ K ⁇ transition point 2 the high-order mode Q value of the three-mode dielectric resonant structure adjacent to its fundamental mode is converted to the fundamental mode Q value of the three-mode dielectric resonant structure.
  • Fundamental mode resonance frequency is equal to the fundamental mode resonance frequency before conversion.
  • the fundamental mode Q value after conversion is greater than the fundamental mode Q value before conversion.
  • the resonance frequency of the higher-order mode adjacent to the fundamental mode after conversion is equal to the fundamental mode frequency before conversion.
  • Adjacent higher-order mode resonance frequencies The Q value of the higher-order mode adjacent to the fundamental mode after conversion ⁇ the Q value of the higher-order mode adjacent to the fundamental mode before conversion; the three-mode dielectric resonance structure is provided with a method for changing the degenerate three-mode in the cavity A coupling structure with orthogonal characteristics of the electromagnetic field; the three-mode dielectric resonance structure is provided with a frequency tuning device for changing the degenerate three-mode resonance frequency in the cavity.
  • the dielectric resonance block is a solid structure or a hollow structure; a hollow portion of the hollow structure dielectric resonance block is filled with air or a nested dielectric resonance block.
  • the volume is less than or equal to the volume of the hollow chamber.
  • the nested dielectric resonance block has a similar cube shape and at least one end surface is convex.
  • At least one end surface of the nested dielectric resonance block is provided with a thin film dielectric.
  • At least one end surface of the cavity or / and at least one end surface of the dielectric resonance block is provided with a thin film dielectric.
  • the value of the transition point 1 and the value of the transition point 2 both vary with the fundamental mode resonance frequency of the dielectric resonance block, the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonance block, The dielectric constant of the support frame varies.
  • the Q value of the three-mode dielectric resonance structure and the value of K and the medium are maintained when the fundamental mode resonance frequency of the dielectric resonance block after conversion is maintained.
  • the dielectric constant of the resonant block is related to the size of the dielectric resonant block.
  • the value of K when the value of K is increased from 1.0 to the maximum, the value of K has three Q-value transition points in the variation range, and each Q-value transition point makes its fundamental mode Q Value and the higher-order mode Q value adjacent to its fundamental mode are converted.
  • the higher-order mode Q value adjacent to the fundamental mode is converted to the fundamental mode Q value, its Q value is increased than before the conversion.
  • the fundamental mode Q value and the higher-order mode adjacent to the fundamental mode gradually changes with the size of the cavity and the size of the dielectric resonator block, and the requirements for applying the filter in different regions are different.
  • transition point 1 1.03 ⁇ the value of transition point 1 ⁇ 1.30, 1.03 ⁇ the value of transition point 2 ⁇ 1.30, and the value of transition point 1 ⁇ the value of transition point 2.
  • the coupling structure is disposed on the dielectric resonance block, and the coupling structure includes at least two non-parallel arranged holes and / or slots and / or chamfers and / or inverted angle.
  • the groove or the chamfered corner or the chamfered corner is disposed at an edge of the dielectric resonance block.
  • the hole or slot is provided on an end face of the dielectric resonance block, and a center line of the hole or slot is perpendicular to an end face of the hole or slot provided on the dielectric resonance block. The edges are parallel.
  • the coupling structure is disposed on the cavity, and the coupling structure includes at least two non-parallel chamfers and / or bosses disposed at inner corners of the cavity and And / or a tap line / chip disposed in the cavity and not in contact with the dielectric resonance block.
  • the frequency tuning device includes a tuning screw / disk disposed on a cavity and / or a film disposed on a surface of the dielectric resonance block and / or disposed on an inner wall of the cavity. And / or a film disposed on the inner wall of the cover plate.
  • At least one end surface of the dielectric resonance block is provided with at least one dielectric support frame.
  • the invention also discloses a filter containing a convex cavity three-mode resonance structure, which comprises a cavity, a cover plate, and an input-output structure. At least one convex cavity three-mode resonance is provided in the cavity. structure.
  • the convex three-mode cavity structure is combined with the single-mode resonance structure, the dual-mode resonance structure, and the three-mode resonance structure in different forms to form filters of different volumes;
  • the coupling between the convex three-mode cavity structure and any two resonant cavities formed due to the arrangement and combination between the single-mode resonant cavity, the dual-mode resonant cavity, and the three-mode resonant cavity must be the resonance in the two resonant cavities.
  • the functional characteristics of the filter include bandpass, bandstop, highpass, lowpass, and their mutual Duplexers, multiplexers and combiners formed between them.
  • the ratio of the three-mode Q value to the side length of the inner wall of the cavity and the side length of the dielectric resonance block K is maintained under the condition that the resonant frequency of the cavity three-mode resonant structure with the convex cavity is unchanged.
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonance block is also related to the size change range of the dielectric block; the range of the K value is related to the different resonant frequencies, the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonance rod and the support frame.
  • the ratio of the ratio K of the length of the inner wall side of the cavity to the size of the dielectric resonance block in the cavity three-mode resonant structure with a convex cavity is within a range of K when the value of K increases from 1.0 to the maximum
  • the fundamental mode Q value and the adjacent high-order Q value gradually change with the cavity size and the size of the dielectric resonance rod block. Changes, different regions have different requirements for applying filters (applications in different regions are added to the description and cases).
  • the dielectric resonance block of the present invention is a solid structure similar to a cube shape, wherein the definition of a similar cube shape is: when the dielectric resonance block is a cuboid or a cube, and when the dimensions of the dielectric resonance block are the same in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, A degenerate three-mode is formed, and the degenerate three-mode is coupled with other single cavities to form a passband filter. When the size difference in the three directions of X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis is slightly different, an orthogonal three-mode resonance is formed. If the orthogonal three-mode and other cavities can still be coupled into a passband filter, the size is acceptable.
  • the size is not acceptable; in the X-axis, When the size difference between the three directions of the Y axis and the Z axis is large, a degenerate three mode or an orthogonal three mode cannot be formed, but three modes with different frequencies cannot be formed, so that they cannot be coupled with other cavities to form a passband filter. The size will not work.
  • At least two non-parallel coupling devices for changing the orthogonal characteristics of the degenerate three-mode electromagnetic field in the cavity are provided in the cavity three-mode resonant structure with the convex cavity.
  • the coupling device includes a dielectric resonance block.
  • the chamfers and / or holes beside the edges or include the chamfers / cut corners beside the edges of the cavity, or the chamfers and / or holes beside the edges of the dielectric resonance block, and the cavity edges
  • the size of the angle / chamfer / hole affects the amount of coupling; the coupling tuning structure is arranged with a coupling screw in a direction perpendicular or parallel to the tangent angle and / or in a direction in which the hole is parallel.
  • the material of the coupling screw is metal or the coupling screw
  • the material is metal and the surface of the metal is plated with copper or silver, or the material of the coupling screw is the medium, or the material of the coupling screw is the surface metallized medium;
  • the shape of the coupling screw is a metal rod, a dielectric rod, a metal disc, a media disc, a metal Any one of a rod with a metal disk, a metal rod with a media disk, a media rod with a metal disk, and a media rod with a media disk.
  • a cavity three-mode resonant structure with a convex cavity forms a degenerate three-mode in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, and the resonance frequency of the degenerate three-mode in the X-axis direction passes through the corresponding cavity in the cavity.
  • the resonance frequency in the Z axis direction can be installed by installing debugging screws or tuning disks on the Z axis corresponding to the cavity. Change the distance or change the capacitance.
  • the film materials can be ceramic dielectrics and ferroelectric materials.
  • the material of the tuning screw or tuning disc is metal, or the material of the tuning screw or tuning disc is metal and The surface is plated with copper or silver, or the material of the tuning screw or tuning disc is the medium, or the material of the tuning screw or tuning disc is the surface metallized medium;
  • the shape of the tuning screw is a metal rod, a dielectric rod, a metal disk, or a media disk Any one of metal rod with metal disc, metal rod with dielectric disc, dielectric rod with metal disc, dielectric rod with dielectric disc; similar to the cube-shaped dielectric resonance block, the proportion of the dielectric material can be adjusted to control the frequency and temperature of the dielectric block.
  • the coefficient is compensated according to the frequency shift of the filter under different temperature conditions.
  • a cavity three-mode resonance structure with a convex convex cavity is composed of a cavity, a dielectric resonance block, and a support frame; when the cavity is similar to a cube, a single cube-like dielectric resonance block is installed in any one of the cavities together with the dielectric support frame. In the axial direction, the center of the dielectric resonance block coincides with or approaches the center of the cavity.
  • the media support frame is a single or multiple media support frames, and one or more support frames can be installed on different sides as required.
  • Supports with a dielectric constant greater than air and less than a dielectric resonator block, and any similar single-sided support of a cube-shaped dielectric block, or six-sided support, or different two, three, four, and five faces are different.
  • the surface on which the support frame is not installed is air.
  • the air surface and the dielectric support frame can be arbitrarily combined.
  • the dielectric support frame on each side is a single or multiple dielectric support frames, or is composed of multiple layers of different dielectric constant dielectric materials.
  • Composite permittivity support frame, single-layer and multi-layer dielectric material support frame and similar cube-shaped dielectric blocks can be arbitrarily combined, one can be installed on different sides as required, or multiple support frames can be installed.
  • the axial dimension of the dielectric support frame corresponding to the dielectric resonance block needs to be slightly reduced;
  • the single-sided support combination is to support any one surface of the dielectric resonance block, especially the bottom surface or bearing surface in the vertical direction;
  • the support combination of faces includes parallel faces, such as top and bottom, front and back, left and right faces; and non-parallel faces, such as top and front, top and back, and top Left, top, and right sides;
  • the support combination of 3 faces includes: three mutually perpendicular faces, or two planar faces and a non-parallel face;
  • the support combination of 4 faces includes: two pairs of parallel faces or a pair Parallel faces and two other non-parallel faces;
  • the support combination of 5 faces includes: the front / back / left / right / upper / lower support structure;
  • the support combination of 6 faces includes: front / back / Left / right / upper / underside support structure.
  • any end of a similar cube-shaped dielectric resonance block and the dielectric support frame are connected by means of crimping, bonding or firing; for one surface connection or a combination of different surfaces, the multi-layer dielectric support frames are bonded by bonding. It is fixed by welding, firing, crimping, etc.
  • the dielectric support frame and the inner wall of the cavity are fixed by bonding, crimping, welding, firing, screws, etc .; the RF signals are in the three-mode X, Y, and Z axis directions.
  • the RF path formed by the coupling will cause loss and generate heat.
  • the dielectric resonance block is fully connected to the metal support wall and the metal inner wall, so that its heat is introduced into the cavity for heat dissipation.
  • the similar cube-shaped dielectric resonance block has a single dielectric constant or a composite dielectric constant.
  • the composite dielectric constant is a combination of two or more different dielectric constants.
  • the dielectric resonance block composed of the composite dielectric constants has different dielectric constants. Materials can be combined up and down, left and right, asymmetry, nesting, etc. When different dielectric constants are nested in the dielectric resonance block, one layer or multiple layers of dielectric materials with different dielectric constants can be nested.
  • the dielectric resonance block needs to conform to the aforementioned change rule of the Q value transition point.
  • the dielectric resonance block is ceramic or dielectric material, and the dielectric resonance block surface can be added with dielectric sheets of different thicknesses and different dielectric constants.
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric support frame is similar to that of air, or the dielectric constant of the support frame is greater than the air dielectric constant and less than the dielectric constant of the dielectric resonance block, and the surface area of the dielectric support frame is less than or equal to that of a similar cubic dielectric resonance block.
  • the medium support frame is in the shape of a cylinder, a cube and a cuboid.
  • the medium support frame is a solid structure or a hollow structure.
  • the hollow structure medium support frame is single or porous.
  • the shape of the hole is round, square, polygon, and arc.
  • the material of the medium support frame includes air, plastic, ceramic, and medium.
  • the dielectric support frame is connected to the dielectric resonance block.
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric support frame is similar to the dielectric constant of air
  • the dielectric support frame has no effect on the three-mode resonance frequency
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric support frame is greater than air but smaller than the dielectric of the dielectric resonance block.
  • the axial dimension of the dielectric support frame corresponding to the dielectric resonance block is slightly reduced; similar to an air dielectric constant support frame and a support frame larger than air but smaller than the dielectric resonance block, it can be installed in combination with the dielectric
  • the resonance block has different directions and different corresponding surfaces.
  • the shape of the cavity is similar to a cube, in order to achieve the coupling between the three modes, without changing the size of the similar cube-shaped dielectric resonance block, the edges can also be cut on any two adjacent sides of the cavity to achieve the three modes.
  • Coupling between the two, the size of the cutting edge is related to the size of the required amount of coupling; three-mode coupling can also be achieved by coupling between two modes by cutting edges similar to a cube, and the remaining coupling through the two adjacent edges of the cavity to cut It is realized that the wall cannot be broken when the adjacent sides of the cavity are cut, and the cut surface needs to be completely sealed with the cavity.
  • the cavity material is metal or non-metal. Metal and non-metal surfaces are plated with copper or silver. When the cavity is non-metallic, the inner wall of the cavity must be plated with a conductive material such as silver or copper, such as plastic and composite materials with copper or silver.
  • the cavity three-mode resonance structure with a convex cavity and a single-mode resonance structure, a dual-mode resonance structure, and a three-mode resonance structure are combined in different forms to form filters of different volumes; and a convex three-mode resonance cavity
  • the coupling between the structure and any two resonant cavities formed by the arrangement and combination between the single-mode resonant cavity, the dual-mode resonant cavity, and the three-mode resonant cavity must be performed only when the resonant rods in the two resonant cavities are parallel.
  • Coupling is achieved by the size of the window between the two resonant cavities, and the size of the window is determined according to the amount of coupling; the filter's functional characteristics include bandpass, bandstop, highpass, lowpass, and duplexers and multiplexers formed between them. And combiner.
  • the dielectric constant of the cube-like dielectric resonator block of the present invention is greater than the dielectric constant of the support frame.
  • the ratio of the single-sided dimension of the cavity inner wall to the single-sided dimension of the dielectric resonant block is between 1.03-1.30, the higher-order mode Q value Inverted to the fundamental mode Q value, the fundamental mode value of the three-mode dielectric is increased. The higher-order mode Q value is reduced. Compared with the traditional single-mode and three-mode dielectric filters, the Q value is increased by more than 30% under the same volume and the same frequency.
  • Modal structure combined with different types of single cavity such as three-mode structure plus cavity single-mode, three-mode and TM mode, three-mode and TE single-mode combination, the more three-mode number is used in the filter, the filter
  • the smaller the volume, the smaller the insertion loss; the cavity three-mode resonant structure with a convex cavity can generate three-mode resonances in the X, Y, and Z directions, and three-mode resonances in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively.
  • the cavity is a pure medium Q value when the ratio is 1.0.
  • the Q value is in the pure medium.
  • the Q value of the higher-order mode is greater than the Q value of the fundamental mode.
  • the Q value of the original higher-order mode is approximately the new Q value of the fundamental mode.
  • the Q value of the fundamental mode is greater than the Q value of the higher-order mode while the fundamental frequency of the fundamental mode remains unchanged.
  • the Q value of the fundamental mode will also increase, and the Q value of the higher-order mode will increase at the same time.
  • the fundamental mode Q The value reaches the highest value.
  • the frequency of the higher-order mode away from the fundamental mode varies with the ratio of the cavity to the dielectric resonance block at the transition point 1 to The change of transition point 2 will be near and far.
  • the Q value of the fundamental mode is smaller than the Q value of higher-order modes.
  • the size of the dielectric resonance block is decreasing and the cavity size is increasing.
  • the Q value of the fundamental mode will continue to increase.
  • the Q value of the fundamental mode is close to the Q value at transition point 2.
  • the Q value of the fundamental mode will increase as the ratio increases, and the Q value of the higher-order mode will decrease as the ratio increases.
  • the size of the dielectric resonance block decreases as the ratio increases.
  • the size of the cavity is constantly increasing. As the size of the cavity is close to 3/4 wavelength, the Q value of the fundamental mode decreases as the size of the dielectric resonance block continues to decrease.
  • the higher-order mode frequency increases with the ratio and moves away from the fundamental mode. The frequency is far and near.
  • the specific ratio of the transition point is related to the dielectric constant, frequency of the dielectric resonance block and whether the dielectric resonance block is a single or a composite dielectric constant.
  • the length of the inner wall of the cavity and the length of the side of the dielectric resonance block may be the same in the three directions of the X, Y, and Z axes, and may not be equal.
  • Cavities and cube-like dielectric resonator blocks can form three modes when the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis dimensions are equal; the dimensional differences in the three directions of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis can also be slightly unequal.
  • the frequency of one mode in the three modes will be different from the frequency of the other two modes.
  • the larger the size difference the larger the frequency of one mode will be.
  • the frequency When the size in one direction is smaller than the size in the other two directions, the frequency will increase on the original basis and gradually change from three modes to It is dual-mode or single-mode; if the three axial dimensions of the cavity and the resonant block are all too different; when the dimensions of the symmetrical sides of the three directions of the X, Y, and Z axes are different, the frequencies of the three modes in its three modes Will be different in the three
  • the fundamental mode When the side lengths in the two directions differ greatly, the fundamental mode is single mode. When the side lengths in the three directions are not significantly different, the frequency difference is not large. Although the frequency may change, it can still be passed.
  • the tuning device remains in a three-mode state.
  • the coupling device includes a chamfer and / or a hole disposed next to an edge of a dielectric resonance block, or includes a chamfer / a chamfer disposed near an edge of a cavity, or includes a chamfer and / Or holes, and chamfers / chamfers next to the edges of the cavity or including tap lines or / pieces arranged on a non-parallel plane in the cavity, the shape of the chamfers is triangular prism or rectangular parallelepiped or sector
  • the shape of the hole is circular, rectangular or polygonal.
  • the coupling tuning structure is provided with a coupling screw along a direction perpendicular or parallel to the tangent angle and / or a direction in which the holes are parallel.
  • the material of the coupling screw is metal, or the material of the coupling screw is metal and the surface of the metal is electroplated with copper or silver.
  • the material of the coupling screw is a medium, or the material of the coupling screw is a surface metallized medium; the shape of the coupling screw is a metal rod, a medium rod, a metal disk, a medium disk, a metal rod with a metal disk, a metal rod with a medium disk, and a medium. Either the rod is equipped with a metal disk, or the media rod is equipped with a media disk.
  • the resonance frequency of the three modes in the X axis direction is achieved by installing a debugging screw or a tuning disk to change the distance or the capacitance at the place where the field strength is concentrated on one or both sides of the X axis corresponding to the cavity;
  • the resonance frequency in the Y axis direction can be It can be achieved by installing a debugging screw or tuning disk on one or both sides of the Y-axis corresponding to the cavity where the field strength is concentrated; changing the distance or changing the capacitance;
  • the resonance frequency in the Z-axis direction can be achieved by the Z-axis corresponding to the cavity
  • One or two sides of the field strength are concentrated by installing a debugging screw or tuning disk to change the distance or change the capacitance to achieve.
  • Dielectric resonator Q value conversion three-mode structure and single-mode resonator, dual-mode resonator, or three-mode resonator are arranged in any form and combination to form filters of different sizes.
  • the filter's functional characteristics include but are not limited to Band-pass, band-stop, high-pass, low-pass, and duplexers and multiplexers formed between them; any two resonances formed by queuing between a single-mode resonator, a dual-mode resonator, and a three-mode resonator
  • the coupling between the cavities is based on the fact that the two resonant structures are parallel and the coupling between the two resonant cavities is achieved by the size of the window.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the structure of the present invention is simple and easy to use.
  • the resonant rod is made.
  • Cooperating with the cavity to form a three-mode structure and achieving the reversal of specific parameters can ensure that a high Q value is obtained at a small distance between the resonant rod and the cavity; further, the present invention discloses an outwardly convex Compared with the conventional three-mode filter, the filter of the cavity three-mode resonance structure reduces the insertion loss by more than 30% under the premise of the same frequency and the same volume.
  • the frequency conversion three-mode structure of a dielectric resonator composed of a cube-like dielectric resonator block, a dielectric support frame and a cavity cover plate of the present invention forms magnetic fields orthogonal to and orthogonal to each other in the cavity x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions, forming Three resonance modes that do not interfere with each other, and the high-order mode frequency is converted to a high-Q fundamental mode frequency, coupling is formed between the three magnetic fields, and the different bandwidth requirements of the filter are met by adjusting the strength of the coupling.
  • two convex three-resonant cavity filters are used, which is equivalent to the volume of six single cavities of the original cavity.
  • the volume can be reduced based on the original cavity filter. 40%, the insertion loss can also be reduced by about 30%, due to the substantial reduction in volume, and the processing time and plating area will be reduced accordingly.
  • the dielectric resonator block is used, the cost is equivalent to that of a cavity. The cost advantage of this design will be more obvious. When there are many filter cavities, even three three-mode structures can be used, and the provision of volume and performance will be more obvious. Further, the present invention is not significant. On the premise of reducing the single cavity Q value, by changing the dielectric resonance block and / or cavity into a structure based on the three-mode resonance structure (setting at least one end surface), the tuning range of the tuning screw is increased, and the cavity is reduced. The sensitivity of the small distance from the dielectric resonance block to the resonance frequency is convenient for production debugging and reduces production costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a convex multi-cavity cavity structure of the present invention; wherein the cavity is similar to a cube-shaped external convex shape, the dielectric resonance block is similar to a cube shape, and the tuning screws are arranged along different axes.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric resonance block and a dielectric support frame of a convex multi-cavity resonant structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of an externally-cavity multi-mode resonant structure of a cavity according to the present invention; wherein the cavity is similar to a cube-shaped external convex shape, and the dielectric resonance block is similar to a cube-shaped shape.
  • the tuning screw is uniformly arranged on a plane (cover plate), which is convenient for row cavity layout.
  • FIG. 4 is a bottom view of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is another preferred embodiment of a convex multi-cavity cavity structure of the present invention; wherein the cavity is similar to a cube, and the dielectric resonance block is a cube-like end face with a thin dielectric composition.
  • FIG. 6 is another preferred embodiment of a convex multi-cavity cavity structure of the present invention.
  • the cavity is similar to a cube, and the dielectric resonance block is convex on the end surface.
  • FIG. 7 is another preferred embodiment of a convex multi-cavity cavity structure of the present invention.
  • the cavity is similar to a cuboid, after the center of the dielectric resonance block is partially hollowed out, the end surface curve is convex.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the convexity of the dielectric resonance block of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a convex three-mode cavity resonant structure.
  • the cavity is similar to a cube, and the dielectric resonance block is convex, and the dielectric support frame;
  • the cavity is convex, and the dielectric resonance block is similar to a cube and a dielectric support frame;
  • Both the cavity and the dielectric resonance block are convex, and the dielectric support frame;
  • the medium support frame is made to fit the structure, and the number can be one or more.
  • the shape can be a regular shape, such as a solid / hollow cylinder, a solid / hollow square column, etc., or an irregular shape; or it can be composed of multiple columns.
  • Eg single cavity 26mm ⁇ 26mm ⁇ 26mm, dielectric support frame is Er9.8, Q ⁇ f is 100,000, outer diameter is 15mm, inner diameter is 9.7mm; dielectric resonance rod is Er43, Q ⁇ f is 43000,
  • the longest side length of the dielectric resonance block is 25.97 and the cavity side length of 26mm is already close, so the maximum convex size is 1.5mm.
  • a multi-mode resonance structure of the present invention includes a cavity 1, and a dielectric resonance block 2 and a dielectric support frame 3 are arranged in the cavity 1, and the dielectric resonance block 2 is similar to a cube.
  • the cavity 1 is similar to a cuboid and one or more mutually non-parallel end faces are convex.
  • the convex portion of the cavity 1 is formed by partially digging grooves 5 on one or more mutually non-parallel end faces of the inner wall of the cavity.
  • One end surface of the dielectric resonance block 2 is connected to the inner wall of the cavity 1 through a dielectric support frame 3 respectively, and tuning screws 6 are arranged on the cover plate and the cavity, and the three tuning screws 6 are arranged perpendicular to each other;
  • a multi-mode resonance structure of the present invention includes a cavity 1, and a dielectric resonance block 2 and a dielectric support frame 3 are disposed in the cavity 1.
  • the dielectric resonance block 2 is similar to a cube,
  • the cavity 1 is similar to a cuboid and has one or more mutually non-parallel end surfaces protruding outward.
  • the convex portion of the cavity 1 is formed by partially digging grooves 5 on one or more mutually non-parallel end surfaces of the inner wall of the cavity.
  • One end surface of the dielectric resonance block 2 is connected to the inner wall of the cavity 1 through a dielectric support frame 3 respectively.
  • the cover plate is provided with three tuning screws 6, and the three tuning screws 6 are arranged in parallel with each other.
  • another preferred embodiment of a multi-mode resonant structure according to the present invention includes a cavity 1, and a dielectric resonance block 2 and a dielectric support frame 3 are disposed in the cavity 1, and the cavity 1 It is similar to a cube, and the dielectric resonance block 2 is similar to a cube, and the six end faces of the dielectric resonance block 2 are each attached with a dielectric film 7;
  • another preferred embodiment of a multi-mode resonance structure of the present invention includes a cavity 1, and a dielectric resonance block 2 and a dielectric support frame 3 are disposed in the cavity 1, and the dielectric resonance block 2 is similar to a cube and one or more mutually non-parallel end faces are formed by convexity; the cavity 1 is similar to a cube; one end of the dielectric resonance block 2 is connected to the inner wall of the cavity 1 through a dielectric support frame 3, The mutually non-parallel surfaces of the cavity 2 are set as tuning screw holes;
  • another preferred embodiment of a multi-mode resonance structure of the present invention includes a cavity 1, and a dielectric resonance block 2 and a dielectric support frame 3 are disposed in the cavity 1, and the dielectric resonance block 2 is similar to a cube and one or more mutually non-parallel end faces are formed by convexity.
  • the dielectric resonance block 2 is a hollow structure, and the hollow part is filled with a nested dielectric resonance block 4.
  • the cavity 1 is similar to a cube.
  • One end surface of the dielectric resonance block 2 is respectively connected to the inner wall of the cavity 1 through a dielectric support frame 3, and mutually non-parallel surfaces of the cavity 2 are set as tuning screw holes;
  • the three mutually perpendicular edge directions in the dielectric resonance block 2 are defined as the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction, respectively.
  • the three directions are relative position directions, and are not uniquely determined.
  • the dielectric resonance block 2 X-axis dielectric resonance rods, Y-axis dielectric resonance rods, and Z-axis dielectric resonance rods are respectively formed in the three directions of X, Y, and Z and corresponding dielectric support frames.
  • the X-axis dielectric resonance rods, Y-axis dielectric resonance rods, and The Z-axis dielectric resonator rod cooperates with the interior of the cavity to form three degenerate modes;
  • the resonance frequency in the X-axis direction can be achieved by installing a debugging screw on the side wall corresponding to the metal cavity to change the distance or capacitance; in the Y-axis direction
  • the resonance frequency can be changed by installing a debugging screw on the side wall corresponding to the metal cavity to change the distance or capacitance;
  • the resonance frequency in the Z axis direction can be changed by installing a debugging screw on the side wall corresponding to the metal cavity or Capacitor to achieve.
  • the RF signal undergoes loss after passing through the three-mode resonance.
  • the three degenerate modes in the X, Y, and Z directions generate heat during operation.
  • the dielectric resonance block and multiple dielectric support frames can fully contact the metal cavity wall to form heat conduction. Its filter can work stably for a long time.
  • the dielectric resonance block 2 is provided with a first plane j1 for coupling the X-direction and Y-direction resonance modes, and a coupling for the Y-direction and the Z-direction.
  • the second plane j2 of the resonance mode, the third plane j3 for coupling the X-direction and the Z-direction resonance modes, the first plane j1, the second plane j2, and the third plane j3 are perpendicular to each other, and the first plane j1 Parallel to the edges arranged in the Z direction, the second plane j2 is parallel to the edges arranged in the X direction, and the third plane is parallel to the edges arranged in the Y direction.
  • the coupling between the degenerate mode in the X direction and the degenerate mode in the Y direction is formed by the intersection of the X and Y planes of the dielectric resonance block A.
  • the first plane is formed by cutting off part of the corners along the Z axis direction.
  • the coupling between the degenerate mode in the X direction and the degenerate mode in the Z direction is formed by the Y, Z planes of the dielectric resonance block crossing to form a second plane j2 after cutting off part of the corners along the X axis direction;
  • Y The coupling between the degenerate mode in the direction and the degenerate mode in the Z direction is formed by the third plane j3 where the Z, X planes of the dielectric resonance block intersect to form an angle and cut off part of the angles along the Y axis direction.
  • the larger the area of the coupling surface is, the larger the coupling amount is, and vice versa.
  • the three degenerate modes formed by the dielectric resonance block can form a transmission zero through cross-coupling. If the X-direction resonance mode, the Y-direction resonance mode is coupled, and the Y-direction resonance mode, the Z-direction resonance mode is coupled The main coupling is the cross-coupling between the X-direction resonance mode and the Z-direction resonance mode.
  • one or more of the first plane j1 may be set according to the actual coupling amount.
  • the second plane j2 may be set.
  • the third plane j3 may be provided with one or more, and when a plurality of third coupling planes j3 are provided, a plurality of The third planes j3 are arranged in parallel.
  • the dielectric resonance block 2 is formed by at least one end surface of a similar cubic body with similar side lengths or a cubic body with equal side lengths through at least one end surface through a convex or overall or local growth film, or a similar cubic body or sides with similar side lengths.
  • At least one end surface of the cube-shaped medium having an equal length is composed of a thin film medium that is integrally or locally grown after being convex.
  • the material of the dielectric resonance block is ceramic or medium.
  • the dielectric resonance block 2 is directly formed by at least one end surface of a similar cubic body with similar side length or a cube body with equal side length through convexity, or at least one end surface of a similar cube or similar cube body with equal side length. It is composed of a thin film dielectric that is grown in whole or in part after being convex, and the material of the dielectric resonance block 2 is ceramic or dielectric.
  • the inside of the dielectric resonance block 2 may be hollowed out in whole or in part, and the hollowed out part is partially or wholly filled or circularly nested with a cube-shaped nested medium.
  • the nested medium may be a solid structure, or may be wholly or partially. Hollow out, the hollowed out part of the nested medium is partially or wholly filled or looped with a cube-like nested medium.
  • one or more dielectric support frames 3 may be designed.
  • the multiple dielectric support frames 3 are respectively installed between each surface of the dielectric resonance block 2 and the inner wall of the cavity.
  • FIG. 9 shows six dielectric support frames 3, and the dielectric resonance block is located at the center of the six dielectric support frames.
  • the six faces A1-A6 of the dielectric resonance block 2 are respectively connected to the six dielectric support frames 3.
  • the six media support frames 3 are a first media support frame B1, a second media support frame B2, a third media support frame B3, a fourth media support frame B4, a fifth media support frame B5, and a sixth media support, respectively.
  • Frame B6 one end surface A1 of the dielectric resonance block 3 along the X direction is connected to the first dielectric support frame B1, and the other end surface A2 is connected to the second dielectric support frame B2 to form an X-axis dielectric resonance rod; the dielectric resonance block 2 is along the Y One end surface A3 in the direction is connected to the third dielectric support frame B3, and the other end surface A4 is connected to the fourth dielectric support frame B4 to form a Y-axis dielectric resonance rod; one end surface A5 in the Z direction of the dielectric resonance block 2 is connected to the fifth dielectric support frame. B5 is connected, and the other end face A6 is connected to the sixth medium supporting frame B6.
  • the shapes of the plurality of medium supporting frames 3 include, but are not limited to, circular, oval, square, and irregular shapes in which the inner wall of the cavity closely matches the end surface of the corresponding medium.
  • the material of the medium supporting frame 4 includes, but is not limited to, plastic, medium, and air.
  • the medium supporting frame has a solid structure or a hollow structure in the middle.
  • the dielectric resonance block 2 and the dielectric support frame 3 are connected by means including, but not limited to, gluing and crimping.
  • the medium support frame and the inner wall of the cavity are connected by means including but not limited to gluing, crimping, screw fastening, and welding.
  • the shape of the cavity is a quasi-cuboid or a cube, the cavity is composed of a metallic material, or the cavity is composed of a metallic material and the inner wall of the metallic material is silver-plated or copper-plated, or the cavity is composed of a non-metal material with a metal-plated surface.
  • the material ratio of the dielectric resonance block can be adjusted according to different temperature deviations to control the frequency deviation.
  • the dielectric support frame uses elastic materials such as plastic. Make it in this structure to offset the effects of thermal expansion and cold expansion in different environments.
  • the shape of the solid structure medium support frame is a solid structure or a tubular body structure or a plurality of discrete solid column combinations in the middle;
  • the material of the medium support frame of the solid structure is plastic, ceramic or medium, and the material of the medium support frame of the non-solid structure is air.
  • Both ends of the dielectric resonance block in the X direction are connected to the first dielectric support frame and the second dielectric support frame by gluing or crimping; both ends of the dielectric resonance block in the Y direction are supported by the third dielectric.
  • the frame and the fourth dielectric support frame are connected by gluing or crimping; the two ends of the dielectric resonance block in the Z direction are bonded with the fifth dielectric support frame and the sixth dielectric supporting frame by gluing or crimping. connection.
  • the total resonant rod formed by the resonant rods in the three directions of X, Y, and Z forms a three-mode resonant cavity structure with a cavity;
  • the shape of the cavity is a cube or an approximate cube, and the cavity is made of a metal material.
  • it is made of metal material and the inner wall of metal material is silver-plated or copper-plated, or the cavity is made of non-metal material with metal-plated surface.
  • the resonance rods in the three directions of X, Y, and Z form a connection between the total resonance rod and the inner wall of the cavity by means of gluing, crimping, screwing, or welding; the resonances in the three directions of X, Y, and Z
  • the rod forms a total resonant rod with compensation for frequency changes with temperature; the resonant rods in the three directions of X, Y, and Z form a dielectric support frame for the total resonant rod.
  • the material has a certain elastic material or elastic structure shape to make its structure different The effects of thermal expansion and contraction are offset in the environment.
  • the elastic material of the medium support frame is plastic, medium, composite material, and aluminum oxide.
  • the resonance frequency of the degenerate three modes in the X-axis direction is achieved by installing a debugging screw or a tuning disk on one or both sides of the X-axis corresponding to the cavity to change the distance or change the capacitance;
  • the resonance frequency can be achieved by installing a debugging screw or tuning disk on one or both sides of the corresponding Y axis of the cavity to change the distance or changing the capacitance;
  • the resonance frequency in the Z axis direction can be achieved by one side of the Z axis corresponding to the cavity or Install debugging screw or tuning disk on both sides to change the distance or change the capacitance;
  • the material of the tuning screw or tuning disc is metal, or the material of the tuning screw or tuning disc is metal and the metal surface is plated with copper or silver plating, or the material of the tuning screw or tuning disc is a medium, or the material of the tuning screw or tuning disc is A surface metallized medium;
  • the shape of the tuning screw is any one of a metal rod, a media rod, a metal disk, a media disk, a metal rod with a metal disk, a metal rod with a media disk, a media rod with a metal disk, and a media rod with a media disk.
  • At least two non-parallel coupling structures for destroying the degenerate multimode electromagnetic field orthogonality in the cavity are provided on the dielectric resonance block and / or the non-corresponding place of the cavity, and the coupling structure includes a setting The chamfers and holes near the edges of the dielectric resonance block and / or the chamfers near the edges of the cavity, and the shape of the chamfer is a triangular prism shape or a cube-like shape or a sector shape.
  • the coupling between the degenerate mode in the X direction and the degenerate mode in the Y direction is formed by crossing the X and Y planes of the dielectric resonance block to form a first plane after cutting off part of the corners along the Z axis direction.
  • the coupling screw is formed in parallel or perpendicular on the edge formed by the intersection of the X and Y planes of the cavity to realize fine adjustment of the coupling amount; the coupling between the degenerate mode in the Y direction and the degenerate mode in the Z direction is controlled by the dielectric resonance block.
  • Y, Z planes intersect to form corners
  • a second plane is formed after cutting off part of the corners along the X-axis direction.
  • a coupling screw is set in parallel or vertically on the ribs formed at the intersections of the Y, Z planes to achieve fine adjustment of the coupling amount.
  • the coupling between the degenerate mode and the degenerate mode in the X direction is formed by the intersection of the Z and X planes of the dielectric resonance block, and the third plane is formed by cutting off part of the corners in the Y axis direction.
  • Coupling screws are arranged in parallel or vertically on the edges to achieve fine adjustment of the coupling amount;
  • the material of the coupling screw is metal, or the material of the coupling screw is metal and the metal surface is electroplated with copper or silver, or the material of the coupling screw is a medium, or the material of the coupling screw is a surface metallized medium;
  • the shape of the coupling screw is any one of a metal rod, a dielectric rod, a metal disk, a media disk, a metal rod with a metal disk, a metal rod with a media disk, a media rod with a metal disk, and a media rod with a media disk.
  • the radio frequency signal forms a radio frequency path through coupling between the resonance mode in the X direction and the resonance mode in the Y direction, and coupling between the resonance mode in the Y direction and the resonance mode in the Z direction, and generates a loss and generates heat.
  • the six medium support frames are fully connected to the inner wall of the cavity to form heat conduction and dissipate heat.
  • multi-mode resonance structure containing small pitches and different forms of single-mode resonators or dual-mode resonators and three-mode resonators are combined in different forms to form filters of different volumes;
  • the functional characteristics of the filter include band-pass, band-stop, high-pass, low-pass and a combiner formed between them;
  • the coupling between the three-mode dielectric cavity structure and any two resonant cavities formed by the combination of the single-mode resonant cavity, the dual-mode resonant cavity, and the three-mode resonant cavity must be parallel. In this case, coupling can be achieved by the size of the window between the two resonators.

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Abstract

一种外凸的空腔多模谐振结构及含有该谐振结构的滤波器，包括空腔（1）和盖板，空腔（1）内设置有介质谐振块（2）和介质支撑架（3），空腔（1）和/或介质谐振块（2）的至少一个端面外凸，介质谐振块（2）与介质支撑架（3）构成三模介质谐振杆，类似正方体介质谐振块（2）一端或者任意端分别与介质支撑架（3）连接，介质支撑架（3）与空腔（1）内壁进行连接，介质谐振块（2）在空腔（1）的X、Y、Z轴三个方向形成三模谐振。该空腔滤波器能够保证谐振杆与腔体的较小间距下获得高Q值，同时增大了调谐螺杆（6）的调谐范围，同时降低了空腔（1）与介质谐振块（2）间的小间距对谐振频率的敏感度，便于生产调试，降低了生产成本。

Description

一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构及含有该谐振结构的滤波器 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域中所用的基站滤波器、天馈类滤波器、合路器及抗干扰滤波器等，滤波器的种类可以为带通、带阻、高通、低通，具体涉及一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构及含有该外凸的空腔三模谐振结构的滤波器。
背景技术
随着第四代移动通讯向第五代移动通讯的快速发展，对通讯设备的小型化和高性能化的要求越来越高。传统滤波器由于其金属腔体积较大且性能一般，故逐渐被单模介质滤波器取代，单模介质滤波器主要包括TE01模介质滤波器和TM模介质滤波器，TE01模介质滤波器和TM模介质滤波器一般多采用单模介质谐振的方式，该谐振方式虽然能够提升一定Q值，但其存在制作成本高、体积大的缺点。
为了解决单模介质滤波器成本高、体积大的技术问题，三模介质滤波器应运而生。现有技术中，三模介质滤波器一般分为TE三模滤波器和TM三模滤波器。TE三模滤波器具有耦合方式复杂、体积大、Q值高的特点；TM三模滤波器具有耦合方式简单、体积小、Q值低的特点。对于相同频段的TE三模滤波器和TM三模滤波器而言，TM三模滤波器的重量、成本和体积比TE三模滤波器的小得多。故现有技术中一般将TE三模滤波器用于设计窄带滤波器，其余类型的滤波器一般采用TM三模滤波器。由于TM三模滤波器的介质谐振块上会焙银，焙银后在银层和介质谐振块的表面之间形成了玻璃态的物质，导致实际导电率大大下降，从而实际Q值较低，进一步限制了TM三模滤波器的使用范围。故如何获得一种小体积、高Q值的TM三模滤波器是滤波器研发的新方向。
现有的TM三模滤波器，其一般均是采用立方体/类立方体/球形谐振腔内设置立方体/类立方体/球形介质谐振块的结构，介质谐振块由介质基座支撑，且谐振腔的单边尺寸与介质谐振块的单边尺寸的比值一般大于1.6。当谐振腔的体积保持不变且介质谐振块略微变大时或者谐振腔的体积略微变小且介质谐振块保持不变或者谐振腔的体积略微变小且介质谐振块略微变大时，由表1提供的数据对比可知，随着谐振腔的单边尺寸与介质谐振块的单边尺寸比值的加大，基模的Q值会随比值的增加而加大，高次模的Q值会 随比值的增加而减小，介质谐振块尺寸随着比值加大而减小，空腔的尺寸不断加大，在接近空腔3/4波长尺寸时，由于介质谐振块的尺寸不断缩小，基模Q值也随之降低，高次模的频率随着比值的增加，离基模频率时远时近。
不同比值对应的谐振腔的空腔体积也不同，可根据实际需求选择。在表1比值范围内的不同尺寸的空腔及对应的类似立方体谐振器，对滤波器性能要求很高时可以选择比值在1.6以上尺寸的单腔。故当谐振腔的单边尺寸与介质谐振块的单边尺寸的比值大于1.6时，Q值的大小与谐振腔和介质谐振块之间的间距的大小呈正比，但是其带来的缺点是滤波器体积过于庞大。
申请号为2018101455572的专利中公开了一种小体积、高Q值的空腔三模结构，其通过保证介质谐振块的外表面与空腔内表面平行布置且两个表面间距极小的情况下可以有效地减小滤波器的体积、提高其的Q值。但此种结构存在如下技术问题：1.因为介质谐振块与空腔内壁的间距极小，因此调谐螺杆的调节范围有限，从而不利于介质谐振块的安装调试；2.因为介质谐振块与空腔内壁的间距极小，因此介质谐振块与空腔之间的间距对单腔谐振频率敏感度较高，从而不利于介质谐振块的批量生产；3.因为介质谐振块与空腔内壁的极小间距对单腔谐振频率敏感度较高，因此介质谐振块与空腔的设计精度要求极高，从而增加了加工制造成本。
表1：
Figure PCTCN2018125167-appb-000001
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构及含有该结构的滤波器，其可以降低滤波器整体插入损耗，以满足空腔滤波器对更小插件及更小体积的要求。
本发明公开了一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其包括空腔和盖板，所述空腔内设置有介质谐振块、介质支撑架，所述空腔为类似正方体形状，所述介质谐振块为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸，所述介质支撑架分别与所述介质谐振块和所述空腔内壁连接，所述介质谐振块与所述介质支撑架构成三模介质谐振杆，所述介质支撑架的介电常数小于所述介质谐振块的介电常数；当所述空腔内壁单边的尺寸与其对应的所述介质谐振块单边的尺寸之间的比值K为：转换点1≤K≤转换点2时，所述三模介质谐振结构的与其基模相邻的高次模Q值转换为所述三模介质谐振结构的基模Q值，转换后的基模谐振频率等于转换前的基模谐振频率，转换后的基模Q值＞转换前的基模Q值，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模谐振频率等于转换前的与基模相邻的高次模谐振频率，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模Q值＜转换前的与基模相邻的高次模Q值；所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的耦合结构；所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模谐振频率的频率调谐装置。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，其包括空腔和盖板，所述空腔内设置有介质谐振块、介质支撑架，所述空腔为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸，所述介质谐振块为类似正方体形状，所述介质支撑架分别与所述介质谐振块和所述空腔内壁连接，所述介质谐振块与所述介质支撑架构成三模介质谐振杆，所述介质支撑架的介电常数小于所述介质谐振块的介电常数；当所述空腔内壁单边的尺寸与其对应的所述介质谐振块单边的尺寸之间的比值K为：转换点1≤K≤转换点2时，所述三模介质谐振结构的与其基模相邻的高次模Q值转换为所述三模介质谐振结构的基模Q值，转换后的基模谐振频率等于转换前的基模谐振频率，转换后的基模Q值＞转换前的基模Q值，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模谐振频率等于转换前的与基模相邻的高次模谐振频率，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模Q值＜转换前的与基模相邻的高次模Q值；所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的耦合结构；所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模谐振频率的频率调谐装置。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，其包括空腔和盖板，所述空腔内设置有介质谐振块、介质支撑架，所述空腔为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸，所述介质谐振块为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸，所述介质支撑架分别与所述介质谐振块和所述空腔内壁连接，所述介质谐振块与所述介质支撑架构成三模介质谐振杆，所述介质支撑架的介电常数小于所述介质谐振块的介电常数；当所述空腔内壁单边的尺寸与其对应的所述介质谐振块单边的尺寸之间的比值K为：转换点1≤K≤转换点2时，所述三模介质谐振结构的与其基模相邻的高次模Q值转换为所述三模介质谐振结构的基模Q值，转换后的基模谐振频率等于转换前的基模谐振频率，转换后的基模Q值＞转换前的基模Q值，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模谐振频率等于转换前的与基模相邻的高次模谐振频率，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模Q值＜转换前的与基模相邻的高次模Q值；所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的耦合结构；所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模谐振频率的频率调谐装置。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述介质谐振块为实心结构或中空结构；中空结构的介质谐振块的中空部分填充有空气或嵌套介质谐振块，所述嵌套介质谐振块的体积小于或等于所述中空腔室的体积。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述嵌套介质谐振块为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述嵌套介质谐振块的至少一个端面设置有薄膜介质。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述空腔的至少一个端面或/和所述介质谐振块的至少一个端面设置有薄膜介质。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述转换点1的值和所述转换点2的值均会随所述介质谐振块的基模谐振频率、所述介质谐振块的介电常数、所述支撑架的介电常数的不同而产生变化。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，保持转换后的所述介质谐振块的基模谐振频率不变时，所述三模介质谐振结构的Q值与所述K的取值和所述介质谐振块的介电常数以及和所述介质谐振块的尺寸有关。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，当K的取值从1.0增加到最大时，K的取值在变 化范围内有三处Q值转换点，每个Q值转换点均使其基模Q值和与其基模相邻的高次模Q值发生转换，与基模相邻的高次模Q值转换成基模Q值时，使其Q值比未转换前增加。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，在K的取值的起始点、终止点和三处Q值转换点形成的4个区域中，基模Q值和与基模相邻的高次模Q值随着腔体尺寸及介质谐振杆块尺寸变化而逐渐变化，不同区域应用于滤波器的需求各有不同。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，1.03≤转换点1的值≤1.30，1.03≤转换点2的值≤1.30，转换点1的值＜转换点2的值。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述耦合结构设置于所述介质谐振块上，所述耦合结构至少包括两个非平行布置的孔和/或槽和/或切角和/或倒角。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述槽或所述切角或所述倒角设置于所述介质谐振块的棱边处。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述孔或槽设置于所述介质谐振块的端面上，所述孔或槽的中心线与垂直于介质谐振块上开设有孔或槽的端面的棱边平行。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述耦合结构设置于所述空腔上，所述耦合结构至少包括两个非平行布置的设置于空腔内角处的倒角和/或凸台和/或设置于空腔内且不与所述介质谐振块接触的抽头线/片。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述频率调谐装置包括设置于空腔上的调谐螺杆/盘和/或设置于所述介质谐振块表面的薄膜和/或设置于所述腔体内壁的薄膜和/或设置于所述盖板内壁的薄膜。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述介质谐振块至少一个端面上设置有至少一个介质支撑架。
本发明还公开了一种含有外凸的空腔三模谐振结构的滤波器，其包括腔体、盖板、输入输出结构，所述腔体内至少设置有1个外凸的空腔三模谐振结构。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，所述外凸的空腔三模谐振结构与单模谐振结构、双模谐振结构、三模谐振结构进行不同形式组合，形成的不同体积的滤波器；外凸的空腔三模谐振结构和单模谐振腔、双模谐振腔、三模谐振腔之间因排列组合形成的任意两个谐振腔之间的耦合，必须是两个谐振腔中的谐振杆是平行的情况下，才能通过两个谐 振腔之间窗口大小实现耦合,根据耦合量大小来决定窗口尺寸；所述滤波器的功能特性包含带通、带阻、高通、低通以及它们相互之间形成的双工器、多工器及合路器。
在本发明的一种优选实施方案中，空腔外凸的空腔三模谐振结构保持谐振频率不变的情况下，三模Q值与腔体内壁边长与介质谐振块边长的比值K、介质谐振块的介电常数、同时也与介质块的尺寸变化范围有关；K值的范围与不同谐振频率、介质谐振杆及支撑架的介电常数有关。
上述技术方案中，空腔外凸的空腔三模谐振结构中空腔内壁边长尺寸与介质谐振块尺寸的比值K的变化范围，为K值从1.0增加到最大时，K值在变化范围内有3点转换点，每个转换点都使其基模谐振频率的Q值与相邻高次谐振频率的Q值发生转换，相邻高次模Q值转换成基模Q值时，使其Q值比未转换前增加。
进一步的，K值起始及终止点及其三个Q值转换点形成的4个区域中，基模Q值和相邻高次Q值随着腔体尺寸及介质谐振杆块尺寸变化而逐渐变化，不同区域应用于滤波器的需求各有不同(不同区域的应用加到说明书及案例里面)。
进一步的，本发明的介质谐振块为类似正方体形状的实心结构，其中，类似正方体形状的定义为：介质谐振块为长方体或正方体，介质谐振块在X轴、Y轴、Z轴尺寸相等时，形成简并三模，简并三模与其它单腔耦合组成通带滤波器；在X轴、Y轴、Z轴三个方向的尺寸差值略微不相等时，形成类正交的三模谐振，若类正交的三模与其它腔仍能耦合成通带滤波器，则尺寸可以，若类正交的三模与其它腔不能耦合成通带滤波器，则尺寸不行；在X轴、Y轴、Z轴三个方向的尺寸差别较大时，不能形成简并三模或类正交的三模，而是形成不同频率三个模式，从而不能与其它腔耦合成通带滤波器，则尺寸不行。
进一步的，空腔外凸的空腔三模谐振结构中至少设置有两个用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的非平行布置的耦合装置，耦合装置包括设置于介质谐振块棱边旁的切角和/或孔，或包括设置于空腔棱边旁的倒角/切角，或包括设置于介质谐振块棱边旁的切角和/或孔，和空腔棱边旁的倒角/切角；或包括设置于空腔内非平行平面上的抽头线或/片，切角的形状为三棱柱状或长方体状或扇形体状，孔的形状为圆形、长方形或多边形。切角或打孔后，保持频率的情况下，介质谐振块边长增加，Q值略微下降；切角或孔的深度根据所需耦合量的大小为贯穿或局部切角/局部孔结构；切角/倒角/孔的尺寸 影响耦合量的大小；耦合调谐结构沿切角垂直或平行的方向上和/或孔平行的方向上布置有耦合螺杆，耦合螺杆的材料为金属，或耦合螺杆的材料为金属且金属表面电镀铜或电镀银，或耦合螺杆的材料为介质，或耦合螺杆的材料为表面金属化的介质；耦合螺杆的形状为金属杆、介质杆、金属盘、介质盘、金属杆配金属盘、金属杆配介质盘、介质杆配金属盘、介质杆配介质盘中的任意一种。
进一步的，空腔外凸的空腔三模谐振结构中形成了X轴、Y轴和Z轴方向的简并三模，简并三模在X轴方向的谐振频率通过在空腔所对应的X轴线的一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘改变距离或者改变电容来实现；在Y轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在空腔所对应的Y轴线一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘来改变距离或者改变电容来实现；在Z轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在空腔所对应的Z轴线一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘来改变距离或者改变电容来实现；另外也可以通过在介质谐振块表面、腔体内壁或者盖板内壁、调谐螺杆底部可以贴不同形状及厚度的介质常数薄膜，薄膜材料可以为陶瓷介质及铁电材料，通过改变介电常数来调整频率；调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为金属，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为金属且金属表面电镀铜或电镀银，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为介质，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为表面金属化的介质；调谐螺杆的形状为金属杆、介质杆、金属盘、介质盘、金属杆配金属盘、金属杆配介质盘、介质杆配金属盘、介质杆配介质盘中的任意一种；类似正方体介质谐振块可以调整介质材料的配比来控制其介质块的频率温度系数，根据滤波器在不同温度情况下的频率偏移变化来进行补偿；介质支撑架与腔体内壁固定时，为了规避腔体与介质材料在温度骤变环境下产生的应力，通过在它们之间采用弹性体来过渡，以缓冲材料膨胀系数带来的可靠性风险。
进一步的，空腔外凸的空腔三模谐振结构由空腔、介质谐振块和支撑架构成；空腔为类似正方体时，单一类似正方体介质谐振块与介质支撑架一起安装于空腔任何一个轴向，介质谐振块的中心与空腔的中心重合或接近。近似空气介质支撑架与类似正方体介质块任一单面支撑，或六个面支撑，或不同的二个面、三个面、四个面及五个面进行不同的组合支撑，每个面的介质支撑架为单个或者多个介质支撑架，不同面可以根据需要安装一个也可以安装多个支撑架。介电常数大于空气小于介质谐振块的支撑架与类似正方体介质块任一单面支撑，或六个面支撑，或不同的二个面、三个面、四个面及五个面 进行不同的组合支撑，未安装支撑架的面为空气，空气面与介质支撑架可以任意组合，每个面的介质支撑架为单个或者多个介质支撑架，或为多层不同介电常数介质材料组成的复合介电常数支撑架，单层及多层介质材料支撑架与类似正方体介质块进行任意组合,不同面可以根据需要安装一个也可以安装多个支撑架,安装支撑架的面，为了保持三模频率及Q值，介质支撑架所对应于介质谐振块轴向的尺寸需略微减小；单面支撑组合为支撑介质谐振块的任意一个面，尤其是垂直方向上的底面或者承重面；2个面的支撑组合包括平行的面，如上下面、前后面、左右面；也包括非平行的面，如上面与前面、上面与后面、上面与左面、上面与右面；3个面的支撑组合包括：三个互相垂直的面，或两个平面的面和一个非平行的面；4个面的支撑组合包括：两对平行的面或一对平行的面与另外两个不平行的面；5个面的支撑组合包括：除前面/后面/左面/右面/上面/下面任意一面的支撑结构；6个面的支撑组合包括：前面/后面/左面/右面/上面/下面所有面的支撑结构。
进一步的，类似正方体介质谐振块任意端与介质支撑架之间，采用压接、粘接或烧接等方式进行连接；为一个面连接或不同面组合连接，多层介质支撑架之间通过粘接、烧接、压接等方式固定，介质支撑架与腔体内壁采用粘接、压接、焊接、烧接、螺钉等固定方式进行连接；射频信号在三模X、Y及Z轴方向的耦合形成的射频通路，会带来损耗及产生热量，介质谐振块通过与介质支撑架与金属内壁充分连接，使其热量导入到腔体进行散热。
进一步的，类似正方体介质谐振块为单一介电常数或复合介电常数，复合介电常数由两种及以上不同介电常数组合而成，复合介电常数组成的介质谐振块，不同介电常数材料可以进行上下、左右、不对称、嵌套等方式组合，介质谐振块内嵌套不同介质常数时，可以嵌套一层也可以嵌套多层不同介电常数的介质材料,复合介电常数的介质谐振块需要符合前述Q值转换点的变化规律。在介质块谐振杆三模之间进行切边耦合时，为了保持所需频率，其切边相邻二个面需平行调整对应边长。介质谐振块为陶瓷或介质材料,介质谐振块表面可以增加不同厚度及不同介电常数的介质薄片。
进一步的，介质支撑架的介电常数类似空气介电常数,或者支撑架的介电常数大于空气介电常数小于介质谐振块介电常数，介质支撑架的表面积小于或等于类似正方体介质谐振块的表面积，介质支撑架为圆柱体、正方体及长方体等形状。介质支撑架为实心 结构或者空心结构，空心结构的介质支撑架为单孔或多孔，孔的形状为圆形、方形、多边形及弧形，介质支撑架的材料包括空气、塑料、陶瓷、介质；介质支撑架与介质谐振块连接，介质支撑架介电常数类似空气介电常数时,介质支撑架对三模谐振频率无影响；介质支撑架的介电常数大于空气但小于介质谐振块的介电常数时，为了保持原有三模频率，介质支撑架所对应于介质谐振块轴向的尺寸略微减小；类似空气介电常数支撑架与大于空气但小于介质谐振块支撑架，可以组合安装于介质谐振块不同方向及不同对应面，当以上二种不同介质电常数的支撑架组合使用时，其大于空气支撑架所对应介质谐振块的轴向方向尺寸在原来基础上略微减小。
进一步的，空腔的形状为类似正方体，为了实现三模之间耦合，在不改变类似正方体介质谐振块尺寸的情况下，也可在空腔任意相邻二面个进行切边来实现三模之间的耦合，切边尺寸与所需耦合量大小相关；三模耦合也可以其中二个模之间的耦合通过类似正方体切边实现，其余耦合通过空腔相邻的二个边切角来实现，空腔相邻边切角时不能破壁，切角面需与空腔完全密封。空腔材料为金属或者非金属，金属及非金属表面电镀铜或者电镀银，在空腔为非金属材料时空腔内壁必须电镀导电材料如银或者铜，如塑料及复合材料表面电镀铜或者银。
进一步的，空腔外凸的空腔三模谐振结构与单模谐振结构、双模谐振结构、三模谐振结构进行不同形式组合，形成的不同体积的滤波器；外凸的空腔三模谐振结构和单模谐振腔、双模谐振腔、三模谐振腔之间因排列组合形成的任意两个谐振腔之间的耦合，必须是两个谐振腔中的谐振杆是平行的情况下，才能通过两个谐振腔之间窗口大小实现耦合,根据耦合量大小来决定窗口尺寸；滤波器的功能特性包含带通、带阻、高通、低通以及它们相互之间形成的双工器、多工器及合路器。
本发明的类正方体介质谐振块的介电常数大于支撑架的的介电常数，空腔内壁的单边尺寸与介质谐振块的单边尺寸比值在1.03-1.30之间时，高次模Q值反转成基模Q值，三模介质基模Q值提升高次模Q值降低，相对于传统单模及三模介质滤波器同体积、同频率下Q值提升30％以上，根据此三模结构与不同形类型单腔的进行组合，如三模结构加空腔单模、三模与TM模、三模与TE单模组合，三模数量在滤波器内用得越多，滤波器体积越小，插入损耗也越小；空腔外凸的空腔三模谐振结构可以在分别在X、Y、Z轴方向产生三模谐振，在X、Y、Z轴方向产生三模谐振时。
当空腔内壁边长与介质谐振块相应边长尺寸比值为1.0到Q值转换的转换点1时，在比值为1.0时空腔为纯介质Q值，当空腔尺寸增加时，Q值在纯介质时的基础上不断增加，高次模的Q值大于基模Q值，当比值增加到转换点1时，原高次模的Q值近似为新的基模Q值。
进入转换点1后，在保持基模谐振频率不变的情况下，基模的Q值大于高次模的Q值。随着比值的增加，由于介质块及空腔的尺寸都在增加，基模的Q值也会增加，高次模的Q值也同时会增加，接近Q值转换转换点2时，基模Q值达到最高，在基模Q值转换转换点1与基模Q值转换转换点2之间，高次模的频率离基模的频率随着空腔与介质谐振块的比值在转换点1到转换点2的变化会时远时近。
进入转换点2后，基模的Q值小于高次模的Q值，随着比值的增加，此时介质谐振块尺寸在减小，空腔的尺寸在增加，基模的Q值会不断增加，当比值接近转换点3时，基模的Q值与转换点2时的Q值接近。
比值进入转换点3后，基模的Q值会随比值的增加而加大，高次模的Q值会随比值的增加而减小，介质谐振块尺寸随着比值加大而减小，空腔的尺寸不断加大，在接近空腔3/4波长尺寸时，由于介质谐振块的尺寸不断缩小，基模Q值也随之降低,高次模的频率随着比值的增加，离基模频率时远时近。转换点的具体比值与介质谐振块的介电常数、频率及介质谐振块是单一或复合介电常数相关。
空腔内壁边长及介质谐振块边长，在X、Y、Z轴三个方向尺寸可以相等，也可以不相等。空腔及类立方体介质谐振块在X轴、Y轴、Z轴尺寸相等时，可以形成三模；X轴、Y轴、Z轴三个方向的尺寸差值也可以略微不相等,当X、Y、Z轴其中一个轴方向的腔体与相应介质谐振块单边尺寸与另外二个方向的单边尺寸不同时，或者腔体及介质谐振块其中的任意一个对称单边尺寸与另外二个方向的单边尺寸不同时，其三模中一个模的频率会产生变化与另外二个模的频率不同，尺寸差异越大，其中一个模的频率也会与另外二个模差异越大，当一个方向的尺寸大于另外二个方向的尺寸时，频率在原来的基础上会下降，当一个方向的尺寸小于另外二个方向尺寸时，频率在原来的基础上会上升，从三模逐步变成为双模或者单模；如果空腔及谐振块三个轴向尺寸都差异过大时；当X、Y、Z轴三个方向对称单边尺寸不同时，其三模中三个模的频率都会有所不同，在三个方向的边长尺寸相差较大的情况下，基模为单模,在三个方向的边长尺寸相差不 大的情况下，频率差异也不大，虽然频率会有变化，但是还是可以通过调谐装置保持三模状态。
三模之间的耦合可以采用所述空腔外凸的空腔三模谐振结构中至少设置有两个用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的非平行布置的耦合装置，所述耦合装置包括设置于介质谐振块棱边旁的切角和/或孔，或包括设置于空腔棱边旁的倒角/切角，或包括设置于介质谐振块棱边旁的切角和/或孔，和空腔棱边旁的倒角/切角或包括设置于空腔内非平行平面上的抽头线或/片，所述切角的形状为三棱柱状或长方体状或扇形体状，所述孔的形状为圆形、长方形或多边形。切角或打孔后，保持频率的情况下，介质谐振块边长增加，Q值略微下降。切角或孔的深度根据所需耦合量的大小为贯穿或局部切角/局部孔结构,所述切角/倒角/孔的尺寸影响耦合量的大小。耦合调谐结构沿切角垂直或平行的方向上和/或孔平行的方向上布置有耦合螺杆，所述耦合螺杆的材料为金属，或耦合螺杆的材料为金属且金属表面电镀铜或电镀银，或耦合螺杆的材料为介质，或耦合螺杆的材料为表面金属化的介质；耦合螺杆的形状为金属杆、介质杆、金属盘、介质盘、金属杆配金属盘、金属杆配介质盘、介质杆配金属盘、介质杆配介质盘中的任意一种。
三模在X轴方向的谐振频率通过在空腔所对应的X轴线的一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘改变距离或者改变电容来实现；在Y轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在空腔所对应的Y轴线一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘来改变距离或者改变电容来实现；在Z轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在空腔所对应的Z轴线一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘来改变距离或者改变电容来实现。
介质谐振器Q值转换三模结构与单模谐振腔、双模谐振腔或三模谐振腔进行不同形式的任意排列组合，形成需要的不同尺寸的滤波器；滤波器的功能特性包含但不限于带通、带阻、高通、低通以及他们相互之间形成的双工器及多工器；单模谐振腔、双模谐振腔、三模谐振腔之间因组合排队形成的任意两个谐振腔之间的耦合，按照两个谐振结构是平行的且两个谐振腔之间通过窗口大小实现耦合。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明结构简单，使用方便，其通过设定介质三模的金属空腔内壁的单边尺寸与介质谐振块的单边尺寸比例在1.01-1.30之间，使得谐振杆与腔体之间配合形成三模结构的同时实现了特定参数的反翻，从而能够保证谐振杆与腔体的较小间距下获得高Q值；进一步的，本发明公开了一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构的滤波器， 与传统三模滤波器相比，本发明在同频率及同体积前提下，插损减小30％以上。本发明的类正方体介质谐振块、介质支撑架及腔体盖板所组成的介质谐振器频率转换三模结构，在腔体x轴、y轴及z轴方向磁场相互正交及垂直，形成了三个互不干扰的谐振模，且高次模频率转换成高Q基模频率，在三个磁场之间形成耦合，通过调节耦合的强弱来满足滤波器不同的带宽需求。在一个典型1800MHz频率滤波器里面使用2个此外凸的空腔三模谐振结构的滤波器时，相当于原来空腔六个单腔的体积，体积在原来空腔滤波器的基础上可以减小40％，插入损耗也可以减小30％左右，由于体积大幅减少，且加工工时、电镀面积都会相应减少，虽然采用了介质谐振块但成本与空腔也相当，介质谐振块的材料成本如能大幅下降，此设计的成本优势会更明显，在滤波器腔体较多时，甚至可以采用3个三模结构，体积及性能的带来的提供还会更明显；进一步的，本发明在不大幅降低单腔Q值的前提下，通过在三模谐振结构基础上将介质谐振块和/或空腔改变成结构(设置至少一个端面)，增大了调谐螺杆的调谐范围，同时降低了空腔与介质谐振块间的小间距对谐振频率的敏感度，便于生产调试，降低了生产成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种外凸的空腔多模谐振结构的结构示意图；其中，空腔为类似正方体外凸形状，介质谐振块为类似正方体形状，调谐螺杆沿不同的轴布置。
图2为本发明一种外凸的空腔多模谐振结构的介质谐振块和介质支撑架的示意图；
图3为本发明一种外凸的空腔多模谐振结构的优选实施例结构示意图；其中，空腔为类似正方体外凸形状，介质谐振块为类似正方体形状。调谐螺杆统一布置在一个平面(盖板)上，方便排腔布局。
图4为图3的仰视图；
图5是本发明另一种外凸的空腔多模谐振结构的较佳实施例；其中空腔为类似正方体，介质谐振块为类似正方体端面增加薄介质组成。
图6为本发明另一种外凸的空腔多模谐振结构的较佳实施例。其中，腔体为类似正方体，介质谐振块为端面曲面外凸。
图7为本发明另一种外凸的空腔多模谐振结构的较佳实施例。其中，腔体为类似正方体，介质谐振块中心局部掏空后，端面曲面外凸。
图8为图7的介质谐振块外凸放大示意图。
图9为一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构的结构示意图。
图中：1-空腔；2-介质谐振块；3-介质支撑架；4-嵌套介质块；5-槽；6-调谐螺杆；7-薄膜介质。
具体实施方式
以下实施例所说的外凸的空腔多模谐振结构包括：
空腔为类似正方体，而介质谐振块为外凸，介质支撑架；
空腔为外凸，而介质谐振块为类似正方体，介质支撑架；
空腔和介质谐振块均为外凸，介质支撑架；
介质支撑架为配合结构而制，数量可以为一个，也可以为多个。形状可以为规则形状，如实心/空心圆柱，实心/空心方柱等，也可以为不规则形状；或者为多个柱构成。
为了保证多模和对应的频率，结构不能是无限外凸或外凸，是有一定限制条件的。以下举一例说明，其它的可以类似得到。
Eg:单腔26mm×26mm×26mm，介质支撑架为Er9.8，Q×f为100000，外直径为15mm，内直径为9.7mm；介质谐振杆为Er43，Q×f为43000，
空腔边长 介质谐振块最长边长 外凸尺寸 多模频率(MHz) 多模Q值
26mm 23.76mm 0mm 1880.86 10400.4
26mm 24.4mm 0.5mm 1881.25 9744.38
26mm 24.7mm 0.7mm 1879.27 9640.53
26mm 25mm 0.9mm 1882.26 9614.57
26mm 25.32mm 1.1mm 1876.48 9466.08
26mm 25.8mm 1.4mm 1879.15 9463.94
26mm 25.97mm 1.5mm 1880.64 9453.53
很显然，介质谐振块的最长边长25.97与空腔边长26mm已经接近了，故外凸尺寸最多1.5mm。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，便于清楚地了解本发明， 但它们不对本发明构成限定。
如图1和图2所示，本发明一种多模谐振结构，包括空腔1，所述空腔1内设有介质谐振块2和介质支撑架3，所述介质谐振块2为类似正方体，所述空腔1为类似正方体且一个或多个互不平行端面外凸，所述空腔1的外凸部分通过在腔体的内壁的一个或多个互不平行端面局部挖槽5形成，所述介质谐振块2的一个端面通过一个介质支撑架3分别与空腔1内壁连接，盖板和空腔上均设置有调谐螺杆6，3个调谐螺杆6两两相互垂直布置；
如图3和图4所示，本发明一种多模谐振结构包括空腔1，所述空腔1内设有介质谐振块2和介质支撑架3，所述介质谐振块2为类似正方体，所述空腔1为类似正方体且一个或多个互不平行端面外凸，所述空腔1的外凸部分通过在腔体的内壁的一个或多个互不平行端面局部挖槽5形成，所述介质谐振块2的一个端面通过一个介质支撑架3分别与空腔1内壁连接，盖板上设置有3个调谐螺杆6，3个调谐螺杆6两两相互平行布置；
如图5所示，本发明一种多模谐振结构另一种较佳实施例，包括空腔1，所述空腔1内设有介质谐振块2和介质支撑架3，所述空腔1为类似正方体，所述介质谐振块2为类似正方体，所述介质谐振块2的六个端面均贴附有介质薄膜7；
如图6所示，本发明一种多模谐振结构另一种较佳实施例，包括空腔1，所述空腔1内设有介质谐振块2和介质支撑架3，所述介质谐振块2为类似正方体且一个或多个互不平行端面通过外凸形成，所述空腔1为类似正方体，所述介质谐振块2的一个端面通过一个介质支撑架3分别与空腔1内壁连接，所述空腔2互不平行的表面设为调谐螺杆孔；
如图7所示，本发明一种多模谐振结构另一种较佳实施例，包括空腔1，所述空腔1内设有介质谐振块2和介质支撑架3，所述介质谐振块2为类似正方体且一个或多个互不平行端面通过外凸形成，所述介质谐振块2为中空结构，其中空部分填充有嵌套介质谐振块4，所述空腔1为类似正方体，所述介质谐振块2的一个端面通过一个介质支撑架3分别与空腔1内壁连接，所述空腔2互不平行的表面设为调谐螺杆孔；
以上所有实施例仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不构成对其的限定，尤其是介质支撑架的形状和数量。
如实施例1到5所述介质谐振块2中相互垂直的三个棱边方向分别定义为X方向、Y方向和Z方向，三个方向是相对位置方向，并不唯一确定，介质谐振块2在X、Y、Z三个方向与对应面的介质支撑架分别形成X轴介质谐振杆、Y轴介质谐振杆和Z轴介质谐振杆，所述X轴介质谐振杆、Y轴介质谐振杆和Z轴介质谐振杆与空腔内部配合形成三个简并模；在X轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在金属腔所对应的侧壁加装调试螺杆来改变距离或者电容来实现；在Y轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在金属腔所对应的侧壁加装调试螺杆来改变距离或者电容来实现；在Z轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在金属腔所对应的侧壁加装调试螺杆来改变距离或者电容来实现。
射频信号经过三模谐振后会产生损耗，X、Y、Z方向三个简并模在工作时会产生热量，可以通过介质谐振块及多个介质支撑架与金属腔壁充分接触形成导热，使其滤波器能长时间稳定工作。
三个简并模两辆之间具有耦合装置，具体如图9所示：介质谐振块2上设有用于耦合X方向与Y方向谐振模式的第一平面j1、用于耦合Y方向与Z方向谐振模式的第二平面j2、用于耦合X方向与Z方向谐振模式的第三平面j3，所述第一平面j1、第二平面j2和第三平面j3分别两两相互垂直，第一平面j1与沿Z方向布置的棱边平行，第二平面j2与沿X方向布置的棱边平行，第三平面与沿Y方向布置的棱边平行。即三个简并模中，X方向的简并模与Y方向的简并模之间的耦合由介质谐振块A的X，Y平面交叉形成棱角沿Z轴方向切除部分棱角后的第一平面j1所形成；X方向的简并模与Z方向的简并模之间的耦合由介质谐振块的Y，Z平面交叉形成棱角沿X轴方向切除部分棱角后的第二平面j2所形成；Y方向的简并模与Z方向的简并模之间的耦合由介质谐振块的Z，X平面交叉形成棱角沿Y轴方向切除部分棱角后的第三平面j3所形成。耦合面的面积越大，耦合量越大，反之耦合量越小。介质谐振块所形成的三个简并模式，通过交叉耦合，可以形成传输零点，若X方向谐振模式，Y方向谐振模式之间的耦合，与Y方向谐振模式，Z方向谐振模式之间的耦合为主耦合，则X方向谐振模式，Z方向谐振模式之间的耦合为交叉耦合。
上述方案中，根据实际耦合量大小需要，第一平面j1可以设置一个或多个，设置多个第一平面j1时，多个第一平面j1之间平行布置；所述第二平面j2可以设置一个或多个，设置多个第二平面j2时，多个第二平面j2之间平行布置；所述第三平面j3可以设 置一个或多个，设置多个第三耦合面j3时，多个第三平面j3之间平行布置。
上述方案中，所述介质谐振块2由边长近似的类似正方体或边长相等的正方体介质至少一个端面通过外凸或表面整体或局部生长薄膜直接形成，或由边长近似的类似正方体或边长相等的正方体介质至少一个端面通过外凸后整体或局部生长薄膜介质组成，所述介质谐振块的材料为陶瓷或介质。
优选地，所述介质谐振块2由边长近似的类似正方体或边长相等的正方体介质至少一个端面通过外凸直接形成，或由边长近似的类似正方体或边长相等的正方体介质至少一个端面通过外凸后整体或局部生长薄膜介质组成，所述介质谐振块2的材料为陶瓷或介质。
优选地，所述介质谐振块2内部可以整体或部分掏空，掏空部分局部或整体填充或循环嵌套有类似正方体的嵌套介质，该嵌套介质可以为实心结构，也可以整体或部分掏空，嵌套介质的掏空部分局部或整体填充或循环嵌套有类似正方体的嵌套介质。
上述方案中，介质支撑架3可以设计一个或多个，设置多个介质支撑架3时，多个介质支撑架3分别安装于介质谐振块2的各面与空腔内壁之间。本发明实施例图9中显示的是6个介质支撑架3，介质谐振块位于6个介质支撑架的中心，介质谐振块2的6个面A1-A6分别与6个介质支撑架3连接，具体地，六个介质支撑架3分别为第一介质支撑架B1、第二介质支撑架B2、第三介质支撑架B3、第四介质支撑架B4、第五介质支撑架B5和第六介质支撑架B6，所述介质谐振块3沿X方向的一端面A1与第一介质支撑架B1连接、另一端面A2与第二介质支撑架B2连接形成X轴介质谐振杆；介质谐振块2沿Y方向的一端面A3与第三介质支撑架B3连接、另一端面A4与第四介质支撑架B4连接形成Y轴介质谐振杆；介质谐振块2沿Z方向的一端面A5与第五介质支撑架B5连接、另一端面A6与第六介质支撑架B6连接。
多个介质支撑架3的形状包含但不限于圆形、椭圆、方形以及空腔内壁与对应介质端面紧密配合的不规则形状。介质支撑架4的材料包含但不限于塑料、介质、空气，介质支撑架为实心结构或中间为空心结构。介质谐振块2与介质支撑架3之间通过包含但不限于胶粘、压接的方式连接。介质支撑架与空腔内壁之间通过包含但不限于胶粘、压接、螺钉紧固、焊接的方式连接。空腔的形状为类立方体或立方体，所述空腔由金属材料构成，或空腔由金属材料且金属材料内壁镀银或镀铜构成，或空腔由表面镀金属层的 非金属材料构成。为了减少频率在不同环境温度下的变化，可以根据不同温偏调整介质谐振块的材料配比来进行频偏的控制,另外为了保证其结构可靠性，介质支撑架采用如塑料这样的弹性材料，使其在此结构在不同环境下抵消热胀冷胀带来的影响。
所述实体结构的介质支撑架的形状为实心结构或者中间为贯通的管状体结构或多个分立的实体柱组合；
所述实体结构的介质支撑架的材料为塑料、陶瓷或介质，非实体结构的介质支撑架的材料为空气。
所述介质谐振块沿X方向的两端面与第一介质支撑架和第二介质支撑架之间通过胶粘或压接方式连接；所述介质谐振块沿Y方向的两端面与第三介质支撑架和第四介质支撑架之间通过胶粘或压接方式连接；所述介质谐振块沿Z方向的两端面与第五介质支撑架和第六介质支撑架之间通过胶粘或压接方式连接。
进一步地，X，Y，Z三个方向的谐振杆形成的总谐振杆与空腔组成三模谐振腔结构；所述空腔的形状为立方体或近似立方体，所述空腔由金属材料构成，或由金属材料且金属材料内壁镀银或镀铜构成，或空腔由表面镀金属层的非金属材料构成。
进一步地，X，Y，Z三个方向的谐振杆形成总谐振杆与空腔内壁之间通过胶粘、压接、螺钉紧固或焊接的方式连接；X，Y，Z三个方向的谐振杆形成总谐振杆具有频率随温度变化的补偿；X，Y，Z三个方向的谐振杆形成总谐振杆的介质支撑架，用具有一定弹性的材料或弹性结构的形状，使其结构在不同环境下抵消热胀冷缩带来的影响，介质支撑架的弹性材料为塑料，介质，复合材料以及三氧化二铝等。
上述方案中，所述简并三模在X轴方向的谐振频率通过在空腔所对应的X轴线的一面或者两面加装调试螺杆或调谐盘改变距离或者改变电容来实现；在Y轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在空腔所对应的Y轴线一面或者两面加装调试螺杆或调谐盘来改变距离或者改变电容来实现；在Z轴方向的谐振频率可以通过在空腔所对应的Z轴线一面或者两面加装调试螺杆或调谐盘来改变距离或者改变电容来实现；
所述调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为金属，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为金属且金属表面电镀铜或电镀银，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为介质，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为表面金属化的介质；
所述调谐螺杆的形状为金属杆、介质杆、金属盘、介质盘、金属杆配金属盘、金属 杆配介质盘、介质杆配金属盘、介质杆配介质盘中的任意一种。
上述方案中，所述介质谐振块上和/或空腔非对应处至少设置有两个用于破坏空腔内简并多模电磁场正交的非平行布置的耦合结构，所述耦合结构包括设置于介质谐振块棱边旁的切角和孔和/或所述空腔棱边旁的切角，所述切角的形状为三棱柱状或类似正方体状或扇形体状。所述三个简并模中，X方向的简并模与Y方向的简并模之间的耦合由介质谐振块的X，Y平面交叉形成棱角沿Z轴方向切除部分棱角后的第一平面形成，在空腔的X，Y平面交叉形成的棱上平行或垂直设置耦合螺杆实现对耦合量的微调；Y方向的简并模与Z方向的简并模之间的耦合由介质谐振块的Y，Z平面交叉形成棱角沿X轴方向切除部分棱角后的第二平面形成，在空腔的Y，Z平面交叉形成的棱上平行或垂直设置耦合螺杆实现对耦合量的微调；Z方向的简并模与X方向的简并模之间的耦合由介质谐振块的Z，X平面交叉形成棱角沿Y轴方向切除部分棱角后的第三平面形成，在空腔的Z，X平面交叉形成的棱上平行或垂直设置耦合螺杆实现对耦合量的微调；
所述耦合螺杆的材料为金属，或耦合螺杆的材料为金属且金属表面电镀铜或电镀银，或耦合螺杆的材料为介质，或耦合螺杆的材料为表面金属化的介质；
所述耦合螺杆的形状为金属杆、介质杆、金属盘、介质盘、金属杆配金属盘、金属杆配介质盘、介质杆配金属盘、介质杆配介质盘中的任意一种。
进一步地，射频信号通过X方向的谐振模式、Y方向的谐振模式之间的耦合，以及Y方向的谐振模式、Z方向的谐振模式之间的耦合，形成射频通路，并产生损耗及产生热量，通过六个介质支撑架与空腔的内壁充分连接形成导热，散开热量。
更进一步地，所述含有小间距多模谐振结构与不同形式的单模谐振腔或双模谐振腔、三模谐振腔进行不同形式的组合形成不同体积的滤波器；
所述滤波器的功能特性包含带通、带阻、高通、低通以及他们相互之间形成的合路器；
三模介质谐振腔结构和单模谐振腔、双模谐振腔、三模谐振腔之间因排列组合形成的任意两个谐振腔之间的耦合，必须是两个谐振腔中的谐振杆是平行的情况下，才能通过两个谐振腔之间窗口大小实现耦合。
应当理解的是，以上仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替 换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，包括空腔和盖板，所述空腔内设置有介质谐振块、介质支撑架，其特征在于：所述空腔为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸，所述介质谐振块为类似正方体形状，所述介质支撑架分别与所述介质谐振块和所述空腔内壁连接，所述介质谐振块与所述介质支撑架构成三模介质谐振杆，所述介质支撑架的介电常数小于所述介质谐振块的介电常数；
    当所述空腔内壁单边的尺寸与其对应的所述介质谐振块单边的尺寸之间的比值K为：转换点1≤K≤转换点2时，其与基模相邻的高次模Q值转换为所述三模介质谐振结构的基模Q值，转换后的基模谐振频率等于转换前的基模谐振频率，转换后的基模Q值＞转换前的基模Q值，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模Q值＜转换前的与基模相邻的高次模Q值；
    所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的耦合结构；
    所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模谐振频率的频率调谐装置。
  2. 一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，包括空腔和盖板，所述空腔内设置有介质谐振块、介质支撑架，其特征在于：所述空腔为类似正方体形状，所述介质谐振块为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸，所述介质支撑架分别与所述介质谐振块和所述空腔内壁连接，所述介质谐振块与所述介质支撑架构成三模介质谐振杆，所述介质支撑架的介电常数小于所述介质谐振块的介电常数；
    当所述空腔内壁单边的尺寸与其对应的所述介质谐振块单边的尺寸之间的比值K为：转换点1≤K≤转换点2时，其与基模相邻的高次模Q值转换为所述三模介质谐振结构的基模Q值，转换后的基模谐振频率等于转换前的基模谐振频率，转换后的基模Q值＞转换前的基模Q值，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模Q值＜转换前的与基模相邻的高次模Q值；
    所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的耦合结构；
    所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模谐振频率的频率调谐装置。
  3. 一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，包括空腔和盖板，所述空腔内设置有介质谐振块、介质支撑架，其特征在于：所述空腔为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸，所述介质谐振块为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸，所述介质支撑架分别与所述介质谐振块和所述空腔内壁连接，所述介质谐振块与所述介质支撑架构成三模介质谐振杆，所述介质支撑架的介电常数小于所述介质谐振块的介电常数；
    当所述空腔内壁单边的尺寸与其对应的所述介质谐振块单边的尺寸之间的比值K为：转换点1≤K≤转换点2时，其与基模相邻的高次模Q值转换为所述三模介质谐振结构的基模Q值，转换后的基模谐振频率等于转换前的基模谐振频率，转换后的基模Q值＞转换前的基模Q值，转换后的与基模相邻的高次模Q值＜转换前的与基模相邻的高次模Q值；
    所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的耦合结构；
    所述三模介质谐振结构中设置有用于改变空腔内简并三模谐振频率的频率调谐装置。
  4. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述介质谐振块为实心结构或中空结构；中空结构的介质谐振块的中空部分填充有空气或嵌套介质谐振块，所述嵌套介质谐振块的体积小于或等于所述中空腔室的体积。
  5. 基于权利要求4中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述嵌套介质谐振块为类似正方体形状且至少一个端面外凸。
  6. 基于权利要求5中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述嵌套介质谐振块的至少一个端面设置有薄膜介质。
  7. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述空腔的至少一个端面或/和所述介质谐振块的至少一个端面设置有薄膜介质。
  8. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述转换点1的值和所述转换点2的值均会随所述介质谐振块的基模谐振频率、所述介质谐振块的介电常数、所述支撑架的介电常数的不同而产生变化。
  9. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：保持转换后的所述介质谐振块的基模谐振频率不变时，所述三模介质谐振结构的Q值与所述K的取值和所述介质谐振块的介电常数以及和所述介质谐振块的尺寸有关。
  10. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：当K的取值从1.0增加到最大时，K的取值在变化范围内有三处Q值转换点，每个Q值转换点均使其基模Q值和其与基模相邻的高次模Q值发生转换；当基模Q值低于与基模相邻的高次模Q值时，与基模相邻的高次模Q值转换成基模Q值，基模Q值比未转换前高；当基模Q值高于与基模相邻的高次模Q值时，与基模相邻的高次模Q值转换成基模Q值，基模Q值比未转换前低。
  11. 基于权利要求10中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：在K的取值的起始点、终止点和三处Q值转换点形成的4个区域中，基模Q值和与基模相邻的高次模Q值随着腔体尺寸及介质谐振杆块尺寸变化而逐渐变化，不同区域应用于滤波器的需求各有不同。
  12. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：
    所述空腔与所述介质谐振块在X轴、Y轴、Z轴尺寸相等时，形成简并三模，简并三模与其它单腔耦合组成通带滤波器；
    所述空腔与所述介质谐振块在X轴、Y轴、Z轴三个方向的尺寸差值略微不相等时，形成类正交的三模谐振，若类正交的三模与其它腔仍能耦合成通带滤波器，则尺寸可以，若类正交的三模与其它腔不能耦合成通带滤波器，则尺寸不行；
    所述空腔与所述介质谐振块在在X轴、Y轴、Z轴三个方向的尺寸差别较大时，不能形成简并三模或类正交的三模，而是形成不同频率三个模式，从而不能与其它腔耦合成通带滤波器，则尺寸不行。
  13. 基于权利要求12中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：
    所述外凸的空腔三模谐振结构形成X轴、Y轴和Z轴方向的简并三模，所述简并三模在X轴方向的谐振频率通过在空腔所对应的X轴线的一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘改变距离或者改变电容来实现；在Y轴方向的谐振频率通过在空腔所对应的Y轴线一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘来改变距离或者改变电容来实现；在Z轴方向的谐振频率通过在空腔所对应的Z轴线一面或者两面场强集中的地方加装调试螺杆或调谐盘来改变距离或者改变电容来实现。
  14. 基于权利要求12中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：
    所述外凸的空腔三模谐振结构形成X轴、Y轴和Z轴方向的简并三模，所述简并三 模通过改变介电常数来调整频率；所述介质谐振块的表面、所述腔体的内壁、所述盖板的内壁、或者所述调谐螺杆的底部贴有不同形状及厚度的介质常数薄膜，薄膜材料为陶瓷介质及铁电材料；
    所述调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为金属，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为金属且金属表面电镀铜或电镀银，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为介质，或调谐螺杆或调谐盘的材料为表面金属化的介质；
    所述调谐螺杆的形状为金属杆、介质杆、金属盘、介质盘、金属杆配金属盘、金属杆配介质盘、介质杆配金属盘、介质杆配介质盘中的任意一种。
  15. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述外凸的空腔三模谐振结构中至少设置有两个用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的非平行布置的耦合装置，
    所述耦合装置包括设置于介质谐振块棱边处的切角/倒角/槽；
    或包括设置于空腔内角处的倒角/切角；
    或包括设置于介质谐振块棱边旁的切角/倒角/槽和空腔棱边旁的倒角/切角；
    或包括设置于空腔内非平行平面上的抽头线或/片；
    所述切角的形状为三棱柱状或长方体状或扇形体状；切角后，保持频率的情况下，介质谐振块边长增加，Q值略微下降；
    所述切角或孔的深度根据所需耦合量的大小为贯穿或局部切角/局部孔结构；
    所述切角/倒角/孔的尺寸影响耦合量的大小；
    所述耦合调谐结构沿切角垂直或平行的方向上布置有耦合螺杆，所述耦合螺杆的材料为金属，或耦合螺杆的材料为金属且金属表面电镀铜或电镀银，或耦合螺杆的材料为介质，或耦合螺杆的材料为表面金属化的介质；
    所述耦合螺杆的形状为金属杆、介质杆、金属盘、介质盘、金属杆配金属盘、金属杆配介质盘、介质杆配金属盘、介质杆配介质盘中的任意一种。
  16. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述外凸的空腔三模谐振结构中至少设置有两个用于改变空腔内简并三模电磁场正交特性的非平行布置的耦合装置，
    所述耦合装置包括设置于介质谐振块的端面上的孔/槽，所述孔或槽的中心线与垂直 于介质谐振块上开设有孔或槽的端面的棱边平行；
    或包括设置于空腔内角处的倒角/切角；
    或包括设置于介质谐振块的端面上的孔/槽和空腔棱边旁的倒角/切角；
    或包括设置于空腔内非平行平面上的抽头线或/片；
    所述孔的深度根据所需耦合量的大小为贯穿或局部孔结构；
    所述孔的尺寸影响耦合量的大小；
    所述孔/槽的形状为圆形、长方形或多边形，开设孔/槽后，保持频率的情况下，介质谐振块边长增加，Q值略微下降；
    所述耦合调谐结构沿孔平行的方向上布置有耦合螺杆，所述耦合螺杆的材料为金属，或耦合螺杆的材料为金属且金属表面电镀铜或电镀银，或耦合螺杆的材料为介质，或耦合螺杆的材料为表面金属化的介质；
    所述耦合螺杆的形状为金属杆、介质杆、金属盘、介质盘、金属杆配金属盘、金属杆配介质盘、介质杆配金属盘、介质杆配介质盘中的任意一种。
  17. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述空腔的形状为类似正方体，为了实现三模之间耦合，在不改变所述介质谐振块尺寸的前提下，所述空腔任意相邻的两个面上加工有用于实现三模之间耦合的切边，切边尺寸与所需耦合量大小相关；三模耦合中两个模之间的耦合通过所述空腔切边实现，其余耦合通过所述空腔相邻的两个边切角来实现，所述空腔相邻边切角时不能破壁，切角面需与空腔完全密封；所述空腔表面电镀铜或者电镀银，所述空腔材料为金属或者非金属；当所述空腔为非金属材料时，所述空腔的内壁必须电镀导电材料。
  18. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述空腔为类似正方体时，所述介质谐振块与所述介质支撑架一起安装于所述空腔的任何一个轴向，所述介质谐振块的中心与所述空腔的中心重合或接近。
  19. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述介质支撑架的介电常数类似空气介电常数，介质支撑架对三模谐振频率无影响；所述介质支撑架与所述介质谐振块任一单面支撑，或六个面支撑，或不同的二个面、三个面、四个面及五个面进行不同的组合支撑，每个面的介质支撑架为单个或者多个介质支撑架，不同面可以根据需要安装一个或多个支撑架。
  20. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述介质支撑架的介电常数大于空气介电常数小于所述介质谐振块的介电常数，为了保持原有三模频率，所述介质支撑架对应于所述介质谐振块轴向的尺寸略微减小；所述介质支撑架与所述介质谐振块任一单面支撑，或六个面支撑，或不同的二个面、三个面、四个面及五个面进行不同的组合支撑，未安装支撑架的面为空气，空气面与介质支撑架可以任意组合，每个面的介质支撑架为单个或者多个介质支撑架，或为多层不同介电常数介质材料组成的复合介电常数支撑架，单层及多层介质材料支撑架与类似正方体介质块进行任意组合,不同面可以根据需要安装一个也可以安装多个支撑架,安装支撑架的面，为了保持三模频率及Q值，介质支撑架所对应于介质谐振块轴向的尺寸需略微减小。
  21. 基于权利要求19或20中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：
    单面支撑组合为支撑介质谐振块的任意一个面，尤其是垂直方向上的底面或者承重面；
    二个面的支撑组合包括平行的面，如上下面、前后面、左右面；也包括非平行的面，如上面与前面、上面与后面、上面与左面、上面与右面；
    三个面的支撑组合包括：三个互相垂直的面，或两个平面的面和一个非平行的面；
    四个面的支撑组合包括：两对平行的面或一对平行的面与另外两个不平行的面；
    五个面的支撑组合包括：除前面/后面/左面/右面/上面/下面任意一面的支撑结构；
    六个面的支撑组合包括：前面/后面/左面/右面/上面/下面所有面的支撑结构。
  22. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：
    所述介质支撑架的表面积小于或等于所述介质谐振块的表面积；所述介质支撑架为圆柱体、正方体及长方体；
    所述介质支撑架为实心结构或者空心结构，空心结构的介质支撑架为单孔或多孔，孔的形状为圆形、方形、多边形及弧形；
    所述介质支撑架的材料包括空气、塑料、陶瓷、介质。
  23. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述介质支撑架与所述介质谐振块采用压接、粘接或烧接方式进行连接；所述介质支撑架与所述腔体内壁采用粘接、压接、焊接、烧接、螺钉固定方式进行连接。
  24. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：射频信号在三模X、Y及Z轴方向的耦合形成的射频通路，会带来损耗及产生热量，所述介质谐振块通过与所述介质支撑架与所述空腔内壁充分连接，使其热量导入到腔体进行散热。
  25. 基于权利要求1或2或3中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述介质谐振块通过调整介质材料的配比来控制其频率温度系数，根据滤波器在不同温度情况下的频率偏移变化来进行补偿。
  26. 基于权利要求25中所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构，其特征在于：所述介质谐振块为单一介电常数或复合介电常数，复合介电常数的介质谐振块由至少两种不同介电常数的材料组合而成，不同介电常数的材料可以进行上下、左右、不对称、嵌套方式组合；介质谐振块内嵌套不同介电常数的材料时，可以嵌套一层也可以嵌套多层,复合介电常数的介质谐振块需要符合前述Q值转换点的变化规律；当对所述介质谐振块三模之间进行切边耦合时，为了保持所需频率，其切边相邻二个面需平行调整对应边长；所述介质谐振块为陶瓷或介质材料,介质谐振块表面可以增加不同厚度及不同介电常数的介质薄片。
  27. 一种含有外凸的空腔三模谐振结构的滤波器，包括腔体、盖板、输入输出结构，其特征在于：所述腔体内至少设置有一个如权利要求1-3任意一项权利要求所述的一种外凸的空腔三模谐振结构；
    所述外凸的空腔三模谐振结构与单模谐振结构、双模谐振结构、三模谐振结构进行不同形式组合，形成的不同体积的滤波器；
    外凸的空腔三模谐振结构和单模谐振腔、双模谐振腔、三模谐振腔之间因排列组合形成的任意两个谐振腔之间的耦合，必须是两个谐振腔中的谐振杆是平行的情况下，才能通过两个谐振腔之间窗口大小实现耦合，根据耦合量大小来决定窗口尺寸；
    所述滤波器的功能特性包含带通、带阻、高通、低通以及它们相互之间形成的双工器、多工器及合路器。
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