WO2020062432A1 - 近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法 - Google Patents

近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法 Download PDF

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WO2020062432A1
WO2020062432A1 PCT/CN2018/113556 CN2018113556W WO2020062432A1 WO 2020062432 A1 WO2020062432 A1 WO 2020062432A1 CN 2018113556 W CN2018113556 W CN 2018113556W WO 2020062432 A1 WO2020062432 A1 WO 2020062432A1
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mining
coal
gangue
filling
lane
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PCT/CN2018/113556
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French (fr)
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张农
谢正正
周俊瑶
安衍培
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to US16/616,603 priority Critical patent/US20210404337A1/en
Priority to CA3065719A priority patent/CA3065719A1/en
Priority to AU2018413756A priority patent/AU2018413756B2/en
Publication of WO2020062432A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062432A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/04—Air ducts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
    • E21F13/06—Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working face
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings

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  • the invention relates to a method for coordinated mining, selection, charging, and underground mining of near-distance coal seams, and belongs to the field of mining engineering.
  • the short-distance coal seam is defined as the coal seam with a small distance between coal seam groups and having a large influence on each other during mining.
  • layer-by-layer up-down mining the coal seam with a small distance between coal seam groups and having a large influence on each other during mining.
  • layer-by-layer up-down mining and joint mining can realize pressure relief mining, reduce the mutual influence during the mining of upper and lower coal seams, create favorable conditions for the next mining, and improve production efficiency.
  • a large amount of vermiculite affects coal quality and increases the burden on the main transportation and main shaft lifting systems.
  • the dust and toxic substances generated during the spontaneous combustion of gangue, the formation of leaching water containing heavy metal elements by rain spray, etc. will seriously affect the surroundings.
  • Newly built coal mines should no longer have permanent ground gangue mountains, and existing coal mines should not store solid waste such as coal gangue on the ground for a long time.
  • there is a lack of a mining method that achieves efficient mining of short-distance coal seams and avoids emission of vermiculite ground.
  • the underground coal gangue sorting system includes section transportation lanes I consistent with the direction of the fully mechanized caving face.
  • the end of the section transportation lane I is connected to the underground coal gangue sorting chamber through the transportation area I of the mining area, and the underground coal gangue sorting chamber is connected to the section return air lane through the gangue centralized lane located below it.
  • the sorting chamber is connected to the section transport lane II through the mining lane II;
  • the mining height and coal mining height of the coal mining machine are determined by the thickness of the coal seam group and the thickness of the intercalation layer.
  • the coal gangway produced during the mining process uses section I to the mining area. Transport lane I;
  • Coal gangue enters the underground coal gangue sorting chamber for coal gangue sorting through the transportation lane I in the mining area, and the resulting gangue is dropped into the gangue centralized gangue by gravity and finally transported to the section return air gangway;
  • the position of the filling working surface should be selected in a mining area that does not have the conditions for integrated mining of coal seams in a close distance coal seam group, or the distance between the coal seam groups is large, and the coal seam groups can be normally mined up and down. Combined mining area.
  • d 1 Face-to-year advancement length
  • ⁇ 1 is the apparent density of coal
  • h 1 is the total thickness of the short-range coal seam group
  • m 1 is the primary coal gangue preliminary selection rate
  • ⁇ 2 is the apparent density of vermiculite
  • h 2 is the total thickness of the vermiculite layer
  • m 2 is the preliminary selection rate of vermiculite
  • L 2 is the annual advancement length of the filling face
  • d 2 is the width of the filling face
  • h 3 is the mining height of the filling face.
  • the total thickness of the vermiculite layer of the near-distance coal seam group in the full-mechanized mining is not more than 2.0m, and the thickness of the vermiculite single layer is not more than 1.0m. Certain measures can be taken on the vermiculite layer according to the specific conditions to increase the release.
  • the present invention realizes the underground sorting of gangue, filling nearby, reducing the main lifting pressure of the mine, saving the cost of lifting tons of coal and increasing the lifting rate of clean coal;
  • the vermiculite filling surface formed after filling mining has the advantages of slow pressure relief and deformation, and can pre-process the hidden dangers of dynamic disasters caused by the remaining coal pillars and skip mining.
  • FIG. 1 is a method for cooperative mining, charging, charging, and underground mining of near-distance coal seams in the present invention
  • the method for cooperative mining under the close-mining coal seam group of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the underground coal gangue sorting system includes section transportation lanes that are consistent with the direction of the fully mechanized mining face 1 I2, the coal mine transportation belt I2 is provided with a coal gangue transport belt.
  • the end of the zone transportation lane I2 is connected to the underground coal gangue sorting chamber 4 through the mining area transportation lane I3, and the mining area transportation lane I3 is provided with a section.
  • the coal gangue transport belt connected by the transport lane I2 the underground coal gangue sorting chamber 4 is connected to the section return air lane 7 through the gangue centralized lane 5 provided below it, and the underground coal gangue sorting chamber 4 and the gangue centralized lane There is a vertical passageway between 5, and the vermiculite directly falls on the vermiculite transport belt provided in the vermiculite concentrated lane 5 by gravity.
  • the underground coal gangue sorting chamber 4 is connected to the section transport lane II 8 through the mining lane II 6 In which, the transportation lane II6 in the mining area and the transportation lane II8 in the section are provided with a connected transportation belt;
  • Coal gangue enters the underground coal gangue sorting chamber 4 for coal gangue sorting through the transportation belt in the transportation lane I3 of the mining area, and the resulting gangue is dropped into the gangue centralized lane 5 by gravity and finally transported to the section return air lane 7;
  • Filling mining face 9 uses coal gangue transported to section return airway 7 for filling mining.
  • the advancement speed of filling mining face 9 is determined by the requirements of the mine on the filling rate.
  • Coal gangue generated during mining face 9 mining passes The section transportation lane II8 is transported to the mining area transportation lane II6 and finally enters the downhole sorting chamber 4 and repeats step d;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

一种近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法，对近距离煤层群进行综放开采，根据生产过程中的矸石产出量设计井下煤矸分选系统和充填工作面（9）；开采过程中产出的矸石集中运输至井下煤矸分选硐室（4），经过分选的矸石运送入充填工作面（9）进行充填开采；充填工作面（9）产生的矸石经过井下洗选后仍转运回充填工作面进行回填。本方法在近距离煤层群煤矸一体化开采条件下实现矸石零排放，消除地面矸石山对环境带来的不利影响，增加精煤提升率，解放主提升压力，同时就近分选，择处充填，大幅缓解传统开采方法对地下岩体的损伤和扰动。

Description

近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法，属于矿业工程领域。
背景技术
近距离煤层的定义为：煤层群层间距离较小，开采时互相有较大影响的煤层。目前国内外对于近距离煤层群开采的方式有3种：逐层上下行开采、联合开采、煤矸一体化开采。当煤层层间距较大时，使用合理的逐层上下行开采、联合开采，可实现卸压开采，降低上下煤层开采时的互相影响，为下一步开采创造有利条件，提高生产效率。当煤层层间距较小，特别是煤层间距很近时，使用逐层上下行开采、联合开采的影响范围会很大，后采煤层开采前顶底板的完整程度已受先采煤层开采损伤影响，从而使后采煤层开采与单一煤层开采相比出现了许多新的矿压现象，在这种条件下煤矿往往放弃对较薄煤层的开采，造成资源的极大浪费。利用综放开采实现煤矸一体化开采可以有效地避免分层开采带来的复杂矿压显现影响，一次采全厚提高了原煤的采出率，减少了煤炭资源的浪费；但生产过程中产生大量矸石，影响煤质，增加主运输及主井提升系统负担。煤矸石提升至地面后堆放形成的矸石山埋压或破坏了原地貌植被，煤矸石自燃过程中产生的粉尘和有毒物质、受到降雨喷淋形成含有重金属元素的淋溶水等均会严重影响周围动植物的生存环境。新建煤矿不应再设立永久性地面矸石山，既有煤矿不得在地面长时间堆存煤矸石等固体废弃物。目前缺少一种既实现近距离煤层群高效开采又避免矸石地面排放的开采方法。
发明内容
技术问题：针对上述技术的不足之处，提供一种步骤简单，消除地面矸石山对环境带来的不利影响，增加精煤提升率，解放主提升压力，同时就近分选，择处充填，大幅缓解传统开采方法对地下岩体的损伤和扰动，预解决强动压治理难题的近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法。
技术方案：为实现上述技术目的，本发明的近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法步骤为：
a.设计综放工作面，根据采区年矸石产出量在适合的采区设计充填工作面，在充填工作面两侧分别设置区段运输巷Ⅱ和区段回风巷；
b.根据采区年矸石产出量设计井下煤矸分选硐室大小及井下煤矸分选系统，所述井下煤矸分选系统包括与综放工作面方向一致的区段运输巷Ⅰ，区段运输巷Ⅰ尾端通过采区运输巷Ⅰ与 井下煤矸分选硐室连接，井下煤矸分选硐室通过设置在其下方的矸石集中巷与区段回风巷相连接，井下煤矸分选硐室通过采区运输巷Ⅱ与区段运输巷Ⅱ相连接；
c.对综放工作面进行开采，采煤机机采高度和放煤高度由近距离煤层群厚度与夹矸层厚度共同确定，开采过程中所产生煤矸利用区段运输巷Ⅰ至采区运输巷Ⅰ；
d.煤矸通过采区运输巷Ⅰ进入井下煤矸分选硐室进行煤矸分选，所得矸石通过重力落入矸石集中巷，最终运送至区段回风巷；
e.对充填工作面使用运送至区段回风巷的煤矸进行充填开采，充填工作面推进速度由矿井对充填率的要求确定，充填工作面开采过程中产生的煤矸通过区段运输巷Ⅱ输送至采区运输巷Ⅱ并最终进入井下分选硐室，重复步骤d；
f.重复步骤c、d、e，以此类推完成对整个采区的开采。
所述充填工作面的位置，应选择在不具备进行近距离煤层群综放煤矸一体化开采条件的采区内，或者煤层群间距较大，可对煤层群进行正常逐层上下行开采或者联合开采的采区。
所述年矸石产出量Q为Q＝L 1d 1(ρ 1h 1m 1+ρ 2h 2m 2)+L 2d 2ρ 1h 3m 1，式中L 1为综放工作面年推进长度，d 1为综放工作面宽度，ρ 1为煤的视密度，h 1为近距离煤层群总厚度，m 1为原煤矸石初选率，ρ 2为矸石的视密度，h 2为矸石层总厚度，m 2为矸石初选率，L 2为充填工作面年推进长度，d 2为充填工作面宽度，h 3为充填工作面的开采高度。
所述充填工作面参数设计由下式确定，Q＝L 2d 2h cρ 2，式中h c为充填工作面可充填高度。
所述综放开采近距离煤层群矸石层总厚度不大于2.0m，矸石单层厚度不大于1.0m，可根据具体条件对矸石层采取一定措施以增加冒放性。
有益效果：
1)本发明实现矸石井下分选，就近充填，缓解矿井主提升压力，节约吨煤提升成本，增加精煤提升率；
2)在提高近距离煤层群原煤采出率的同时，妥善处理近距离煤层群综放煤矸一体化开采带来的矸石，消除矸石地面排放造成的环境污染问题，实现绿色开采；
3)充填开采后形成的矸石充填面相较于煤柱，其缓慢卸压与变形的优势，可对因遗留煤柱和跳采所形成的动力灾害安全隐患进行预处理。
附图说明：
图1是本发明的近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法
图中：1-综放工作面；2-区段运输巷Ⅰ；3-采区运输巷Ⅰ；4-井下煤矸分选硐室；5-矸石集中巷；6-采区运输巷Ⅱ；7-区段回风巷；8-区段运输巷Ⅱ；9-充填工作面
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图1对本发明的实施例作进一步的说明：
如图1所示，本发明的近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法，其步骤如下：
a.设计综放工作面1，根据采区年矸石产出量在适合的采区设计充填工作面9，其中采区近距离煤层群矸石层总厚度不大于2.0m，矸石单层厚度不大于1.0m，可根据具体条件对矸石层采取一定措施以增加冒放性；在充填工作面9两侧分别设置区段运输巷Ⅱ8和区段回风巷7；所述充填工作面9的位置，应选择在不具备进行近距离煤层群综放煤矸一体化开采条件的采区内，或者煤层群间距较大，可对煤层群进行正常逐层上下行开采或者联合开采的采区，所述年矸石产出量Q为Q＝L 1d 1(ρ 1h 1m 1+ρ 2h 2m 2)+L 2d 2ρ 1h 3m 1，式中L 1为综放工作面1年推进长度，d 1为综放工作面1宽度，ρ 1为煤的视密度，h 1为近距离煤层群总厚度，m 1为原煤矸石初选率，ρ 2为矸石的视密度，h 2为矸石层总厚度，m 2为矸石初选率，L 2为充填工作面9年推进长度，d 2为充填工作面9宽度，h 3为充填工作面9的开采高度；所述充填工作面9参数由公式：Q＝L 2d 2h cρ 2确定，式中h c为充填工作面9可充填高度；
b.根据采区年矸石产出量设计井下煤矸分选硐室4大小及井下煤矸分选系统，所述井下煤矸分选系统包括与综放工作面1方向一致的区段运输巷Ⅰ2，区段运输巷Ⅰ2设有煤矸运输皮带，区段运输巷Ⅰ2尾端通过采区运输巷Ⅰ3与井下煤矸分选硐室4连接，其中采区运输巷Ⅰ3中设置有与区段运输巷Ⅰ2连接的煤矸运输皮带，井下煤矸分选硐室4通过设置在其下方的矸石集中巷5与区段回风巷7相连接，井下煤矸分选硐室4与矸石集中巷5之间设有一条垂直通道，矸石通过重力直接落入设置在矸石集中巷5中的矸石运输皮带上，井下煤矸分选硐室4通过采区运输巷Ⅱ6与区段运输巷Ⅱ8相连接，其中采区运输巷Ⅱ6与区段运输巷Ⅱ8中设有连接的运输皮带；
c.对综放工作面1进行开采，采煤机机采高度和放煤高度由近距离煤层群厚度与夹矸层厚度共同确定，开采过程中所产生煤矸利用区段运输巷Ⅰ2的运输皮带输送至至采区运输巷Ⅰ3；
d.煤矸通过采区运输巷Ⅰ3中的运输皮带进入井下煤矸分选硐室4进行煤矸分选，所得矸石通过重力落入矸石集中巷5，最终运送至区段回风巷7；
e.对充填工作面9使用运送至区段回风巷7的煤矸进行充填开采，充填工作面9推进速度由矿井对充填率的要求确定，充填工作面9开采过程中产生的煤矸通过区段运输巷Ⅱ8输送至采区运输巷Ⅱ6并最终进入井下分选硐室4，重复步骤d；
f.重复步骤c、d、e，以此类推完成对整个采区的开采。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法，其特征在于步骤如下：
    a.设计综放工作面(1)，根据采区年矸石产出量在适合的采区设计充填工作面(9)，在充填工作面(9)两侧分别设置区段运输巷Ⅱ(8)和区段回风巷(7)；
    b.根据采区年矸石产出量设计井下煤矸分选硐室(4)大小及井下煤矸分选系统，所述井下煤矸分选系统包括与综放工作面(1)方向一致的区段运输巷Ⅰ(2)，区段运输巷Ⅰ(2)尾端通过采区运输巷Ⅰ(3)与井下煤矸分选硐室(4)连接，井下煤矸分选硐室(4)通过设置在其下方的矸石集中巷(5)与区段回风巷(7)相连接，井下煤矸分选硐室(4)通过采区运输巷Ⅱ(6)与区段运输巷Ⅱ(8)相连接；
    c.对综放工作面(1)进行开采，采煤机机采高度和放煤高度由近距离煤层群厚度与夹矸层厚度共同确定，开采过程中所产生煤矸利用区段运输巷Ⅰ(2)至采区运输巷Ⅰ(3)；
    d.煤矸通过采区运输巷Ⅰ(3)进入井下煤矸分选硐室(4)进行煤矸分选，所得矸石通过重力落入矸石集中巷(5)，最终运送至区段回风巷(7)；
    e.对充填工作面(9)使用运送至区段回风巷(7)的煤矸进行充填开采，充填工作面(9)推进速度由矿井对充填率的要求确定，充填工作面(9)开采过程中产生的煤矸通过区段运输巷Ⅱ(8)输送至采区运输巷Ⅱ(6)并最终进入井下分选硐室(4)，重复步骤d；
    f.重复步骤c、d、e，以此类推完成对整个采区的开采。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法，其特征在于：所述充填工作面(9)的位置，应选择在不具备进行近距离煤层群综放煤矸一体化开采条件的采区内，或者煤层群间距较大，可对煤层群进行正常逐层上下行开采或者联合开采的采区。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法，其特征在于：所述年矸石产出量Q为Q＝L 1d 1( ρ1h 1m 1+ρ 2h 2m 2)+L 2d 2ρ 1h 3m 1，式中L 1为综放工作面(1)年推进长度，d 1为综放工作面(1)宽度，ρ 1为煤的视密度，h 1为近距离煤层群总厚度，m 1为原煤矸石初选率，ρ 2为矸石的视密度，h 2为矸石层总厚度，m 2为矸石初选率，L 2为充填工作面(9)年推进长度，d 2为充填工作面(9)宽度，h 3为充填工作面(9)的开采高度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法，其特征在于：所述充填工作面(9)参数设计由下式确定，Q＝L 2d 2h cρ 2，式中h c为充填工作面(9)可充填高度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的近距离煤层群井下采选充协同开采方法，其特征在于：进行综放开采的近煤层群矸石层总厚度不大于2.0m，矸石单层厚度不大于1.0m，可根据具体条件对矸石层采取一定措施以增加冒放性。
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