WO2020057454A1

WO2020057454A1 - Device for processing negative electrode of fully charged battery

Info

Publication number: WO2020057454A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/105908
Authority: WO
Inventors: 胡招; 陈仕通; 龚志杰; 谢斌
Original assignee: 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date: 2018-09-19
Filing date: 2019-09-16
Publication date: 2020-03-26
Also published as: CN208820021U

Abstract

A device for processing a negative electrode of a fully charged battery, the device comprising: a reaction chamber (1) for accommodating a negative electrode obtained from disassembling a fully charged battery, a side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1) being provided with an opening for depositing or removing the negative electrode; a humidity monitoring and generation module (2) disposed at the side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1), supplying moisture-containing air to the reaction chamber (1), and monitoring the humidity within the reaction chamber (1); and a safety monitoring module (3) disposed at the side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1) and monitoring the temperature and a hydrogen concentration within the reaction chamber (1). The device for processing a negative electrode of a fully charged battery places a negative electrode having a high activity in the reaction chamber (1) to slowly react with moisture-containing air, such that the negative electrode loses activity. The humidity monitoring and generation module (2) monitors the humidity within the reaction chamber (1). The safety monitoring module (3) monitors the concentration of generated hydrogen and the temperature during the reaction, thereby preventing spontaneous combustion of the negative electrode, which is a safety risk, and achieving convenient and safe processing of negative electrodes of fully charged batteries for recycling and reuse.

Description

Fully-charged battery negative electrode processing device

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery recycling, and in particular, to a negative-electrode sheet processing device for a full-charge battery.

Background technique

With the increasing application of lithium-ion battery products, more and more companies related to lithium-ion batteries. In the process of research and development and production of lithium-ion batteries, the performance and quality of lithium-ion batteries need to be continuously checked. The detection of the surface state (lithium evolution, dark spots, wrinkles, etc.) of the negative electrode of a rechargeable battery is a key test item. A fully-charged battery means that the lithium-ion battery is fully charged. At this time, the SOC (State of Charge) value of the lithium-ion battery is 100%. Due to the high activity of the negative electrode of the full-charge battery, the product on the negative electrode of the full-charge battery at this time is LiCx (lithium-intercalated carbon). LiCx is unstable, and the air humidity is too high in the air to spontaneously ignite. Therefore, the surface condition detection needs to be performed in a dry environment. After the test is completed, the SOC value of the fully-charged battery is still relatively high. If the fully-charged battery is directly transferred to the outdoor environment, fire and smoke will occur, and there is a high safety risk. Therefore, the negative electrode of the fully-charged battery needs to be Perform centralized recycling.

At present, the conventional method is to incinerate the negative electrode of a fully-charged battery. This treatment method requires not only investment in the establishment of an incineration tower, but also purification treatment of the waste gas and waste residue generated by incineration. The daily operation and maintenance costs are high, and the negative electrode cannot Secondary recycling is directly used. For enterprises, it causes a lot of unnecessary waste.

Summary of the Invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a negative electrode sheet processing device for a fully charged battery, which can conveniently and safely process the negative electrode sheet of a fully charged battery and recycle it again.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a negative battery sheet processing device for a full-charge battery, which includes a reaction chamber for receiving a negative electrode sheet obtained after disassembling a full-charge battery, and a side wall of the reaction chamber is provided with a negative electrode. Openings for loading and unloading of tablets; Humidity monitoring generating module, which is arranged on the side wall of the reaction chamber, is used to provide humidity air to the reaction chamber and monitor the humidity in the reaction chamber; Safety monitoring module, which is set in the reaction chamber The side wall is used to monitor the temperature and hydrogen concentration in the reaction chamber.

In one embodiment, the humidity monitoring generating module includes: a humidity generating device fixed to a side wall of the reaction chamber for generating and supplying air with humidity to the reaction chamber; and a humidity detecting device fixed to the reaction chamber. The side wall is communicatively connected with the humidity generating device, and is used for detecting and controlling the humidity in the reaction chamber.

In one embodiment, the humidity generating device is a humidifier.

In one embodiment, the humidity generating device includes an atomizer and a water tank, and the atomizer and the water tank are connected through a connecting pipe.

In one embodiment, the humidity detection device is a hygrometer.

In one embodiment, the safety monitoring module includes: a hydrogen monitoring device fixed to a side wall of the reaction chamber for monitoring a concentration of hydrogen generated in the reaction chamber; and a temperature monitoring device fixed to a side wall of the reaction chamber, Used to monitor the temperature in the reaction chamber.

In one embodiment, the full-battery negative electrode sheet processing device further includes a stirring module for stirring the negative electrode sheet in the reaction chamber.

In one embodiment, the stirring module is a mechanical stirring module.

In one embodiment, the full-battery negative electrode sheet processing device further includes a full-charge battery disassembly module for disassembling the full-charge battery to obtain a negative electrode sheet.

In one embodiment, the fully-charged battery disassembly module includes a clamping device and a grinding device.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

In the negative-electrode sheet processing device of the full-charge battery of the present invention, the negative-electrode sheet with high activity of the fully-charged battery is placed in the reaction chamber to react slowly with the air having humidity, so that the negative-electrode sheet becomes inactive, and the humidity monitoring module monitors The humidity in the reaction chamber, the safety monitoring module monitors the concentration of hydrogen generated during the reaction and the temperature in the reaction chamber to prevent the negative flammability of the negative electrode plate from causing potential safety hazards. Finally, the negative electrode plate of the fully charged battery is conveniently and safely handled. recycle and re-use.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a negative electrode sheet processing device for a full-charge battery according to the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a full-charge battery disassembly module of a full-charge battery negative electrode processing device.

Among them, the reference signs are described as follows:

1 reaction chamber 5 battery disassembly module

10 side walls 51 clamping device

11 Feeding port 511 clamping base

12 discharge opening: 512 fixed clamping body

2 Humidity monitoring generation module 513 mobile clamping body

21 Humidity generating device 514 transmission device

211 Atomizer 5141 transmission screw

212 water tank 5142 transmission nut

213 connecting pipe 515 second driving device

22 Humidity detection device 52 polishing device

3 Safety Monitoring Module 521 Grinding Wheel

31 Hydrogen monitoring device 522 second motor

32 temperature monitoring device L length direction of the clamping base

4 mixing module

41first drive

42 rotating spindle

43 mixing paddle

detailed description

The drawings show embodiments of the present invention, and it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and the present invention may be implemented in various forms, and therefore, the specific details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting Rather, it serves only as a basis for the claims and as an expressive basis for teaching one of ordinary skill in the art to implement the invention in various ways.

The full-battery negative electrode sheet processing device of the present invention can be used for recycling processing of the full-battery negative electrode sheet. A fully-charged battery is a lithium-ion battery. A fully-charged battery means that the lithium-ion battery is fully charged. A full-charge battery includes an electrode assembly and a case. The case varies according to the type of the battery, that is, the can-type battery and the pouch-type battery. The case of the can-type battery includes a case and a top cover. The periphery of the top cover is fixed to the case. The electrode assembly is hermetically received in the top cover and the case. The cavity of the pouch battery is formed by a packaging film. The packaging film includes an inner and outer polymer layer and a middle metal layer. The metal layer may be aluminum foil, copper foil, or stainless steel foil. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator that separates the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet each include a current collector and an active material layer provided on the current collector.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a negative-electrode sheet processing device for a fully-charged battery according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fully-charged battery disassembly module of the negative-electrode sheet processing device of a full-charge battery.

The full-battery negative electrode sheet processing device includes a reaction chamber 1, a humidity monitoring generating module 2, and a safety monitoring module 3. The fully-charged battery negative electrode processing device may further include a stirring module 4 and a fully-charged battery disassembly module 5.

The reaction chamber 1 is configured to receive the negative electrode sheet obtained after disassembling the fully-charged battery. The side wall 10 of the reaction chamber 1 is provided with an opening for putting in and taking out the negative electrode sheet. As shown in FIG. 1, in an embodiment, the openings may be alternately provided as the feeding port 11 and the discharging port 12 to put the negative electrode sheet from the feeding port 11 and take out the negative electrode sheet from the discharging port 12. In an embodiment, the feed port 11 may be disposed on the side wall of the reaction chamber 1, and the discharge port 12 may be disposed on the bottom wall of the reaction chamber 1. Of course, the feed port 11 may also be disposed on the top of the reaction chamber 1. wall. In order to strictly control the degree of the reaction occurring in the reaction chamber 1, it is necessary to ensure that the inside of the reaction chamber 1 is sealed, and that the humidity is less than 2% before the reaction in the reaction chamber 1 occurs.

The internal shape of the reaction chamber 1 is preferably a cylinder or an ellipsoid, which is convenient for processing and can ensure sufficient stirring, but of course, it can also have other shapes. The material of the reaction chamber 1 may be one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel.

The humidity monitoring generating module 2 is disposed on the side wall 10 of the reaction chamber 1, and is configured to provide the reaction chamber 1 with air having humidity and monitor the humidity in the reaction chamber 1. The negative electrode of a fully-charged battery is rich in lithium. The product on the negative electrode is LiCx (lithium-embedded carbon). LiCx is unstable. In the reaction chamber 1, LiCx reacts with water vapor in the air provided by the humidity monitoring generation module 2 to generate hydrogen. Heat is generated, and the hydrogen concentration and temperature need to be monitored during the reaction to prevent the heat in the reaction chamber 1 from being too high and causing a fire and explosion.

The humidity monitoring generating module 2 includes a humidity generating device 21 and a humidity detecting device 22.

The humidity generating device 21 is fixed to the side wall 10 of the reaction chamber 1, and is used to generate and supply air with humidity to the reaction chamber 1. The humidity of the ejected air can be set to the humidity generating device 21 and air of different humidity can be ejected into the reaction chamber 1. The humidity generating device 21 includes an atomizer 211 and a water tank 212. The atomizer 211 is connected to the water tank 212 through a connection pipe 213, and water is added to the water tank 212. The water in the water tank 212 enters the atomizer 211 through the connection pipe 213, and then the mist The air converted into humidity has entered the reaction chamber 1. The humidity generating device 21 may be a humidifier.

The humidity detecting device 22 is fixed to the side wall 10 of the reaction chamber 1 and is communicatively connected to the humidity generating device 21 for detecting and controlling the humidity in the reaction chamber 1. The humidity in the reaction chamber 1 is detected in real time, and the detected humidity information is fed back to the humidity generating device 21 to control the humidity of the air emitted by the humidity generating device 21. If the humidity is too high, the air emitted by the humidity generating device 21 is reduced Humidity. Therefore, it is ensured that the internal humidity of the reaction chamber 1 is stable within a preset range, and the preset humidity range is such that the negative electrode sheet reacts slowly with humidity-containing air to ensure that the negative electrode sheet does not ignite spontaneously. The humidity detection device 22 may be a hygrometer. The communication connection may be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

The safety monitoring module 3 includes a hydrogen monitoring device 31 and a temperature monitoring device 32. The safety monitoring module 3 monitors the hydrogen concentration and temperature in the reaction chamber 1 to prevent fire or even explosion due to excessive hydrogen concentration or excessive heat generated by the reaction.

The hydrogen monitoring device 31 is fixed to the side wall 10 of the reaction chamber 1 and is used to monitor the concentration of hydrogen generated in the reaction chamber 1. The hydrogen monitoring device 31 may be a hydrogen detector. The temperature monitoring device 32 is fixed to the side wall 10 of the reaction chamber 1 and is used to monitor the temperature in the reaction chamber 1. The temperature monitoring device 32 may be a temperature measuring instrument. When the hydrogen concentration and temperature inside the reaction chamber 1 exceeds a set threshold, the hydrogen monitoring device 31 and the temperature monitoring device 32 can automatically issue a safety alarm, so that emergency measures can be taken in time.

The stirring module 4 is used for stirring the negative electrode sheet in the reaction chamber 1 so as to accelerate the negative electrode sheet to fully react with the air having humidity.

In one embodiment, the stirring module 4 is a mechanical stirring module. The stirring module 4 includes a first driving device 41, a rotating main shaft 42, and a stirring paddle 43.

The first driving device 41 is used to drive the rotating main shaft 42 to rotate, thereby driving the stirring paddle 43 to rotate. The first driving device 41 is provided outside the reaction chamber 1, and one end of the rotating main shaft 42 provided in the reaction chamber 1 is connected to the first driving device. 41. The other end is connected to a stirring blade 43 provided in the reaction chamber 1. The stirring paddle 43 may be one of various types such as a paddle type, a propelling type, a turbine type, an anchor type, a screw type, and a ribbon type. The material of the stirring blade 43 may be one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel. The first driving device 41 can be a motor. According to the actual cost performance, control accuracy, driving force and other parameters, the motor can be a common three-phase AC asynchronous motor, synchronous motor, DC motor, stepper motor, servo motor, etc.

The fully-charged battery disassembly module 5 is used to disassemble the fully-charged battery to obtain a negative electrode, and in order to prevent the fully-charged battery from catching fire and smoke, dismantle the fully-charged battery disassembly module 5 in an environment with a humidity of less than 2%. operating. The fully-charged battery disassembly module 5 includes a clamping device 51 and a polishing device 52.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the clamping device 51 includes a clamping base 511, a fixed clamping body 512 and a movable clamping body 513, a transmission device 514, and a second driving device 515. The fixed clamping body 512 is fixed to the clamp. Holding the one end in the length direction L of the base 511, the movable clamping body 513 is disposed on the clamping base 511 and can slide along the length direction L of the clamping base 511. The movable clamping body 513 is connected to the transmission device 514, and the second drive The device 515 is used for driving the transmission device 514 to drive the movable clamping body 513 to slide on the clamping base 511. The transmission device 514 is a screw transmission device 514, and the screw transmission device 514 includes: a transmission screw 5141, one end of which is connected to the second driving device 515, and the other end of which is connected to the movable clamping body 513; and a transmission nut 5142, which is fixed to the clamping base 511 and It is sleeved on the transmission screw 5141 and is threadedly matched with the transmission screw 5141. The second driving device 515 may be a rotary handle. Adopting an adjustable clamping structure such as a fixed clamping body 512 and a movable clamping body 513 that are fixed at one end and movable at the other end enables the fully-charged battery to be accurately positioned, improves the accuracy of disassembly, and prevents damage to the electrode assembly of the fully-charged battery To ensure that pole pieces can be recovered and reused normally.

The sanding device 52 includes a grinding wheel 521 and a second motor 522. The second motor 522 drives the grinding wheel 521 to quickly rotate and cut the case of the fully-charged battery to expose the electrode assembly to obtain a negative electrode sheet. According to the actual cost performance, control accuracy, driving force and other parameters, the second motor 522 can be selected from ordinary three-phase AC asynchronous motors, synchronous motors, DC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors.

The full-charge battery disassembly module 5 of FIG. 2 is suitable for a can-type battery. For pouch batteries, other suitable methods can be used, such as cutting the packaging film to disassemble the pole pieces.

The operation of the embodiment for implementing the negative electrode sheet processing device of the full-charge battery shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described below. In an environment with a humidity of <2%, disassemble the square battery 120AH in a fully charged state (that is, the SOC value is 100%) with a size of 39mm * 200mm * 167mm, and clamp the square battery upside down on the holding device 51. After adjusting the distance from the top cover of the square battery to the grinding wheel 521, rotate the rotating handle as the second driving device 515, and slowly move the movable clamping body 513, so that the rectangular battery is fastened and clamped to the fixed clamping body 512 and the movable clamping body. Between 513. Turn on the second motor 522 and start cutting the square battery. After the disassembly is completed, pick out the negative electrode. Open the feeding port 11, throw the negative electrode sheet obtained after disassembly into the reaction chamber 1, and lock the feeding port 11. The humidity generating device 21 is set, and the setting procedure is as follows: 10% humidity for 10 minutes; 50% humidity for 10 minutes; 80% humidity for 10 minutes. The humidity detection device 22 detects the humidity in the reaction chamber 1 in real time. After the setting is completed, the first driving device 41 is started, and the rotation speed of the stirring blade 43 is set to 10circle / min. At this time, the negative electrode sheet starts to react with the water vapor in the air in the reaction chamber 1, because heat and hydrogen are generated during the reaction The hydrogen detector as the hydrogen monitoring device 31 will display the current hydrogen concentration in real time, and the temperature measuring instrument will display the current temperature in real time. In addition, if the hydrogen concentration exceeds 8000ppm or the temperature exceeds 80 ° C, the fully charged battery negative electrode processing device will automatically enter In safe mode, the humidity monitoring generation module 2 stops the injection of humid air and directly injects external air into the reaction chamber 1 (external humidity <2%) until the hydrogen concentration and temperature reach below the safe threshold. After the setting procedure is finished, open the discharge port 12 and take out the negative electrode. At this time, the negative electrode has lost its activity and can be safely recycled to the supplier. It is added here that the aforementioned humidity is relative humidity, which refers to the percentage value of the actual water vapor density of the air and the saturated water vapor density at the same temperature.

The full-battery negative electrode sheet processing device of the present invention can set different programs for the actual SOC value status of the full-charge battery during processing. The lower the SOC value, the shorter the time for processing the negative electrode sheet.

In the negative-electrode sheet processing device of the full-charge battery of the present invention, the negative-electrode sheet with high activity of the full-charge battery is placed in the reaction chamber 1 to react slowly with the air having humidity, so that the negative-electrode sheet becomes inactive, and humidity monitoring occurs Module 2 monitors the humidity in the reaction chamber 1, and the safety monitoring module 3 monitors the concentration of hydrogen generated during the reaction and the temperature in the reaction chamber 1 to prevent the negative electrode plate from spontaneously igniting a safety hazard, and finally realizes the negative electrode plate of the fully charged battery Convenient and safe disposal for secondary recycling.

The detailed description above describes various exemplary embodiments, but is not intended to be limited to the explicitly disclosed combinations herein. Thus, unless stated otherwise, various features disclosed herein may be combined together to form additional combinations that are not shown for conciseness purposes.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, this application may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included in the protection scope of this application.

Claims

A full-charge battery negative electrode processing device, comprising:

The reaction chamber (1) is used to receive the negative electrode sheet obtained after dismantling the fully-charged battery, and the side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1) is provided with an opening for putting in and taking out the negative electrode sheet;

The humidity monitoring generating module (2) is disposed on a side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1), and is configured to provide the reaction chamber (1) with air having humidity and monitor the humidity in the reaction chamber (1);

The safety monitoring module (3) is disposed on the side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1), and is used to monitor the temperature and the hydrogen concentration in the reaction chamber (1).
The negative electrode sheet processing device for a fully-charged battery according to claim 1, wherein the humidity monitoring generating module (2) comprises:

A humidity generating device (21), fixed to a side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1), for generating and supplying air with humidity to the reaction chamber (1); and

The humidity detection device (22) is fixed on the side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1), and is communicatively connected with the humidity generation device (21), and is used to detect and control the humidity in the reaction chamber (1).
The negative electrode sheet processing device for a fully-charged battery according to claim 2, wherein the humidity generating device (21) is a humidifier.
The negative electrode sheet processing device for a fully-charged battery according to claim 3, wherein the humidity generating device (21) comprises an atomizer (211) and a water tank (212), and the atomizer (211) and the water tank (212) pass through The connecting pipe (213) is connected.
The negative electrode sheet processing device for a fully-charged battery according to claim 2, wherein the humidity detecting device (22) is a humidity meter.
The negative electrode sheet processing device for a full-charge battery according to claim 1, wherein the safety monitoring module (3) comprises:

A hydrogen monitoring device (31), fixed to a side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1), for monitoring a concentration of hydrogen generated in the reaction chamber (1); and

The temperature monitoring device (32) is fixed on the side wall (10) of the reaction chamber (1), and is used to monitor the temperature in the reaction chamber (1).
The negative-electrode sheet processing device for a fully-charged battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative-electrode sheet processing device for the full-charge battery further comprises a stirring module (4) for stirring the negative-electrode sheet in the reaction chamber (1).
The negative electrode sheet processing device for a full-charge battery according to claim 7, wherein the stirring module (4) is a mechanical stirring module.
The negative-electrode sheet processing device for a fully-charged battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative-electrode sheet processing device for a full-charge battery further comprises a full-charge battery disassembly module (5) for disassembling the full-charge battery to obtain a negative electrode sheet.
The negative electrode sheet processing device for a fully charged battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the fully charged battery disassembly module (5) comprises: a clamping device (51) and a grinding device (52).