WO2020056821A1 - 一种渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤 - Google Patents

一种渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤 Download PDF

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WO2020056821A1
WO2020056821A1 PCT/CN2018/110594 CN2018110594W WO2020056821A1 WO 2020056821 A1 WO2020056821 A1 WO 2020056821A1 CN 2018110594 W CN2018110594 W CN 2018110594W WO 2020056821 A1 WO2020056821 A1 WO 2020056821A1
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photonic crystal
polarization maintaining
crystal polarization
fiber
core
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PCT/CN2018/110594
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沈小平
杨志杰
丁润琪
朱坤
沈佳
颜永庆
陈斌
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通鼎互联信息股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020056821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020056821A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of photonic crystal polarization-maintaining optical fibers, and in particular relates to a graded photonic crystal polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
  • Photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber is also called porous fiber or microstructured fiber. According to the principle of light guide, it can be divided into total internal reflection type photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber and band gap type photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber. Due to the flexibility of the design, the transmission characteristics of the optical fiber can be changed by adjusting the structure and parameters, which greatly improves the performance of the optical fiber and makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional optical fiber technology. With the development of preparation technology, major advances have been made in many fields such as fiber optic communication, sensing, couplers and so on.
  • the ideal fiber has good circular symmetry, can transmit two mutually perpendicular polarization modes, and can be degenerate.
  • the original symmetry of the photonic crystal polarization-maintaining fiber structure can be destroyed by the following four methods: 1. Apply stress to the fiber; 2. Change the shape and size of some air holes, and introduce air holes such as ovals and rhombuses; 3 , Reduce or increase some air holes; 4, change the hole spacing of the air holes in two polarization directions, such as the introduction of a rectangular lattice lattice arrangement.
  • multi-core fibers have a larger mode field area.
  • the mode field area in the polarization direction ranges from 150-300 ⁇ m 2 , which can be used to make high-power lasers, and can effectively reduce the nonlinear effects of optical fibers. It is also used in optical switches, wavelength division multiplexers, and other fields. Widely used.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, a gradient-type photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber having a multi-core structure is provided.
  • a graded photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber includes:
  • a base material a core located at the center of the base material, a cladding located on the base material and surrounding the core;
  • the core is a multi-core structure, and the diameter of 4-7 cores increases sequentially in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction.
  • the multiple cores are arranged in a regular polygon, and the center of each core is located at the vertex of the polygon.
  • the cladding layer is arranged in a plurality of circular holes in a polygonal arrangement of the base material, and the circular holes are arranged in a hexagonal shape.
  • the number of cores shown is six; the diameters of the six cores are in a series of equal differences with a tolerance of 0.18-0.3 ⁇ m.
  • the graded photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber of the present invention has a tolerance of 0.3 ⁇ m.
  • the cladding is a double-layer structure, wherein the first layer is 6 circular holes, each circular hole is located at the apex of a hexagon, and the second layer There are 12 hexagons with 3 circular holes on each side.
  • the effective refractive index of the base material is 1.455-1.47.
  • the effective refractive index of the base material is 1.4622.
  • the effective refractive index range of the fiber core is 1.4-1.46.
  • the effective refractive index range of the core is 1.4568.
  • the diameter of each circular hole in the cladding is d
  • the distance between two adjacent circular holes is ⁇
  • the value of d / ⁇ is 0.9-0.98.
  • the graded photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber of the present invention is a single-mode transmission fiber.
  • a multi-core structure is provided in the photonic crystal polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the present application, and the core is a multi-core structure.
  • the diameter of 4-7 cores increases sequentially in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction, breaking the circular symmetry of the fiber.
  • the polarization maintaining performance is achieved through 4-7 cores.
  • the fiber introduces multiple cores of different sizes, which can transmit more optical signals than a single-core fiber and increase the transmission capacity.
  • the graded photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber of the present application has six cores, the diameters of the six cores are in a series of equal difference, and the tolerance of 0.18-0.3 ⁇ m also has the advantage of a large mode field area.
  • the communication band has a wide range of applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a graded photonic crystal polarization-maintaining optical fiber according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows the relationship between birefringence and wavelength when the tolerances are 0.3 ⁇ m, 0.25 ⁇ m, and 0.18 ⁇ m;
  • Figure 3 shows the relationship between the mode field area of the x-polarization and y-polarization directions and the wavelength when the tolerance is 0.3 ⁇ m.
  • the two dotted regular hexagons in FIG. 1 are not the structure of the graded photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber, but are used to explain the arrangement of circular holes or multi-core structures.
  • Base material 1 cladding 2, core 3.
  • first”, “second”, and the like are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defined as “first”, “second”, etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • “multiple” means two or more.
  • This embodiment provides a graded photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber.
  • the cross section is shown in FIG. 1 and includes:
  • the high refractive index cross section is a circular base material 1, a core 3 located at the center of the base material 1, and a cladding 2 located on the base material 1 and surrounding the core 3;
  • the core 3 has a multi-core structure.
  • the diameters of the multiple cores 3 increase sequentially in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction.
  • the multiple cores 3 are arranged in a regular polygon.
  • the center of each core 3 is at the vertex of the polygon. Where the number of cores 3 can be 4, 5, 6, or 7, and 6 of them work best;
  • the diameters of the six cores 3 are in a series of equal differences with a tolerance of 0.18-0.3 ⁇ m, as shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 2 shows the tolerances of 0.3 ⁇ m, 0.25 ⁇ m, and 0.18 ⁇ m, respectively; at 0.3 ⁇ m, the value of birefringence The maximum birefringence exceeds 4.2 ⁇ 10 -5 , which achieves the best polarization maintaining effect.
  • the cladding layer 2 is arranged in a plurality of circular holes in a polygonal arrangement of the base material 1 and has a two-layer structure.
  • the circular holes are arranged in a hexagon.
  • the first layer is six circular holes, each The circular holes are located at the apex of the hexagon, the second layer is 12, and each side of the hexagon has 3 circular holes.
  • the 2 layers of cladding 2 can reduce the loss of the optical fiber, while ensuring that the preparation process is not too much.
  • Complex the cladding is a regular hexagon composed of circular holes of the same size. When studying the transmission performance of a photonic crystal polarization-maintaining fiber, a regular hexagon is a more common structure that meets the symmetry of a circle;
  • each circular hole in the cladding 2 is d
  • the distance between two adjacent circular holes is ⁇
  • the value of d / ⁇ is 0.9-0.98.
  • the duty ratio of the cladding is close to 1, which satisfies the full optical fiber.
  • the principle of reflected light guide reduces the energy leaked to the cladding and reduces the loss;
  • the base material 1 is silicon dioxide doped with germanium or other elements, and the effective refractive index is 1.455-1.47, and the preferred value is 1.4622;
  • the core 3 is silicon dioxide doped with fluorine or other elements, and the effective refractive index range is 1.4-1.46, preferably 1.4568;
  • the graded photonic crystal polarization maintaining fiber has 6 cores 3, the effective refractive index of the base material 1 is 1.4622, and the effective refractive index of the core 3 is 1.4568.
  • the experimental results are shown in Figures 2 and 3, and Figure 2 is When transmitting light in the wavelength range of 1200-1600nm, the change curve of birefringence with wavelength can be seen from the curve. The birefringence can reach the level of 10 -5 .
  • Figure 3 shows the relationship between the mode field area and wavelength of the x polarization and y polarization directions.
  • the effective mode field area in the y polarization direction is smaller than that in the x direction.
  • the wavelength is 1550 nm
  • the maximum effective mode field area exceeds 272 ⁇ m 2 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

Abstract

一种光子晶体保偏光纤，包括：基底材料（1），位于基底材料（1）中心位置的纤芯（3），位于基底材料（1）上且包围住纤芯（3）的包层（2）；纤芯（3）为多芯结构，4-7个纤芯（3）的直径随着逆时针或者顺时针方向依次增大，多个纤芯（3）呈正多边形排布，每个纤芯（3）的圆心位于多边形的顶点处；包层（2）设置在基底材料（1）的呈多边形排布的若干圆形孔内，圆形孔呈六边形排布。该光子晶体保偏光纤打破光纤的圆对称性，通过4-7个纤芯（3）实现保偏性能，光纤引入多个尺寸不同的纤芯（3），比单芯光纤能够传输更多的光信号，提高了传输容量。

Description

一种渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤 技术领域
本申请属于光子晶体保偏光纤领域，具体涉及一种渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤。
背景技术
光子晶体保偏光纤又被称为多孔光纤或微结构光纤，根据导光原理，可将其分为全内反射型光子晶体保偏光纤和带隙型光子晶体保偏光纤。由于设计的灵活性，可以通过调整结构和参数，从而改变光纤的传输特性，大大提升了光纤的性能，很好地弥补传统光纤技术的不足。随着制备技术的发展，目前在光纤通讯、传感、耦合器等众多领域都取得了重大的进展。
理想的光纤有很好的圆对称性，可以传输两个相互垂直的偏振模式，可以进行简并。实际中破坏光子晶体保偏光纤结构的原有对称性，通常有如下四种方法：1、对光纤施加应力；2、改变一些空气孔的形状和尺寸，可以引入椭圆、菱形等空气孔；3、减少或增加一些空气孔；4、改变空气孔在两个偏振方向上孔间距，如引入矩形点阵晶格排列等。通过合理的结构设计，不仅可以实现保偏特性，还可以实现单偏振导光的效果。即使光纤发生形变或者弯曲，光束的偏振态也能得到很好的传输。
随着人们对光纤传输容量要求的提高，研究者将目光转向多芯光子晶体保偏光纤，相比于单芯光纤，多芯光纤具有较大的模场面积，波长在1200-1600nm时，x偏振方向上的模场面积范围为150-300μ m 2，可以用于制作高功率的激光器，并且能有效的减小光纤的非线性效应，而且在光开关、波分复用器等领域都有广泛地应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：为解决现有技术中的上述不足，从而提供一种具有多芯结构的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，包括：
基底材料，位于基底材料中心位置的纤芯，位于基底材料上且包围住所述纤芯的包层；
所述纤芯为多芯结构，4-7个纤芯的直径随着逆时针或者顺时针方向依次增大，多个纤芯呈正多边形排布，每个纤芯的圆心位于多边形的顶点处；
所述包层设置在基底材料的呈多边形排布的若干圆形孔内，圆形孔呈六边形排布。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，所示纤芯的数量为6个；6个纤芯的直径呈等差数列，公差为0.18-0.3μm。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，公差为0.3μm。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，所述包层为双层结构，其中第一层为6个圆形孔，每个圆形孔位于六边形的顶点处，第二层为12个，六边形的每条边具有3个圆形孔。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，基底材料的有效折射率为1.455-1.47。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，基底材料的有效折射率为1.4622。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，纤芯的有效折射率范围为1.4-1.46。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，纤芯的有效折射率范围为1.4568。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，所述包层中每个圆形孔的直径为d，两个相邻圆形孔的距离为Λ，d/Λ的值为0.9-0.98。
优选地，本发明的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，所述光纤为单模传输光纤。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本申请光子晶体保偏光纤内设置多芯结构，纤芯为多芯结构，4-7个纤芯的直径随着逆时针或者顺时针方向依次增大，打破光纤的圆对称性，通过4-7个纤芯实现保偏性能，光纤引入多个尺寸不同的纤芯，比单芯光纤能够传输更多的光信号，提高传输容量。
(2)本申请的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，纤芯为6个时，6个纤芯的直径呈等差数列，公差为0.18-0.3μm时还具有大模场面积的优点，能够在通信波段具有广泛的应用。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的技术方案进一步说明。
图1为本发明渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤的横截面结构示意图；
图2为公差为0.3μm、0.25μm和0.18μm时，双折射与波长 的关系曲线；
图3为公差为0.3μm时，x偏振和y偏振方向模场面积与波长的关系曲线。
图1中的两个虚线正六边形并非渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤的结构，而是为了说明圆形孔或者多芯结构的排布方式。
图中的附图标记为：
基底材料1，包层2，纤芯3。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明创造的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连 接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请的技术方案。
实施例
本实施例提供一种渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，横截面如图1所示，包括：
高折射率的横截面为圆形的基底材料1，位于基底材料1中心位置的纤芯3，位于基底材料1上且包围住所述纤芯3的包层2；
所述纤芯3为多芯结构，多个纤芯3的直径随着逆时针或者顺时针方向依次增大，多个纤芯3呈正多边形排布，每个纤芯3的圆心位于多边形的顶点处，其中纤芯3的数量可以为4个、5个、6个或者7个，其中6个时效果最好；
6个纤芯3的直径呈等差数列，公差为0.18-0.3μm，如图2所示，图2为公差分别为0.3μm、0.25μm和0.18μm；0.3μm时，双折射率的值，双折射最大超过4.2×10 -5，实现保偏效果最好。
所述包层2设置在基底材料1的呈多边形排布的若干圆形孔内，且具有两层结构，圆形孔呈六边形排布，第一层为6个圆形孔，每个圆形孔位于六边形的顶点处，第二层为12个，六边形的每条边具有3个圆形孔，2层包层2可以减小光纤的损耗，同时保证制备过程不过于复杂；包层是由尺寸相同的圆形孔构成的正六边形，在研究光子 晶体保偏光纤的传输性能时，正六边形是较常见的结构，满足圆的对称性；
所述包层2中每个圆形孔的直径为d，两个相邻圆形孔的距离为Λ，d/Λ的值为0.9-0.98，包层占空比接近于1，满足光纤全反射的导光原理，降低泄漏到包层的能量，减小损耗；
基底材料1为二氧化硅掺锗或者其他元素，有效折射率为1.455-1.47，优选值为1.4622；
纤芯3为二氧化硅掺杂氟或者其他元素，有效折射率范围为1.4-1.46，优选为1.4568；
渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤中具有6个纤芯3，基底材料1的有效折射率为1.4622，纤芯3的有效折射率为1.4568时，实验效果如图2和图3所示，图2为传输波长范围为1200-1600nm的光时，双折射随波长的变化曲线，通过曲线可以看出双折射可达到10 -5级别。
图3为x偏振和y偏振方向的模场面积与波长的关系曲线，y偏振方向上的有效模场面积比x方向的要小，其中波长为1550nm时，通过曲线可以看出x偏振方向上的有效模场面积最大值超过272μm 2。
以上述依据本申请的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项申请技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项申请的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，包括：
    基底材料(1)，位于基底材料(1)中心位置的纤芯(3)，位于基底材料(1)上且包围住所述纤芯(3)的包层(2)；
    所述纤芯(3)为多芯结构，4-7个纤芯(3)的直径随着逆时针或者顺时针方向依次增大，多个纤芯(3)呈正多边形排布，每个纤芯(3)的圆心位于多边形的顶点处；
    所述包层(2)设置在基底材料(1)的呈多边形排布的若干圆形孔内，圆形孔呈六边形排布。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，所示纤芯(3)的数量为6个；6个纤芯(3)的直径呈等差数列，公差为0.18-0.3μm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，公差为0.3μm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，所述包层(2)为双层结构，其中第一层为6个圆形孔，每个圆形孔位于六边形的顶点处，第二层为12个，六边形的每条边具有3个圆形孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，基底材料(1)的有效折射率为1.455-1.47。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，基底材料(1)的有效折射率为1.4622。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，纤芯(3)的有效折射率范围为1.4-1.46。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，纤芯(3)的有效折射率范围为1.4568。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，所述包层(2)中每个圆形孔的直径为d，两个相邻圆形孔的距离为Λ，d/Λ的值为0.9-0.98。
  10. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的渐变式光子晶体保偏光纤，其特征在于，所述光纤为单模传输光纤。
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