WO2020052273A1 - 激光焊接装置 - Google Patents

激光焊接装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020052273A1
WO2020052273A1 PCT/CN2019/088217 CN2019088217W WO2020052273A1 WO 2020052273 A1 WO2020052273 A1 WO 2020052273A1 CN 2019088217 W CN2019088217 W CN 2019088217W WO 2020052273 A1 WO2020052273 A1 WO 2020052273A1
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
hole
laser welding
turntable
gas
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PCT/CN2019/088217
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡佩佩
成群林
张登明
欧阳自鹏
金诚
孙锡建
肖翔月
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上海航天精密机械研究所
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Publication of WO2020052273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020052273A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding device.
  • Laser welding has been widely used in the aerospace field.
  • Laser welding can be simply summarized as such a process: First, the focused laser beam is irradiated on the surface of the metal workpiece. The metal workpiece material absorbs the laser and then melts. After the metal workpiece and the laser beam move relative to each other, the molten metal workpiece solidifies and crystallizes after the laser beam leaves. To form a weld.
  • Laser welding is divided into two modes: thermal conduction welding and deep fusion welding. Among them, deep fusion welding has material melting, gasification, and plasmaization, and has a pinhole effect. The weld has a large depth-to-width ratio. It is the main application of laser welding industry. method.
  • the small holes are filled with plasma that is partially ionized by high-temperature steam.
  • a certain range of plasma clouds are also formed above the outlets of the small holes.
  • the beam has a shielding effect, which affects the coupling of the laser beam with the metal workpiece, causing a large amount of light energy loss, which affects the welding penetration and the stability of the welding process, which needs to be blown out.
  • the air will pollute the composition of the weld pool of the laser welding and greatly reduce the mechanical properties of the weld.
  • Some highly active metals such as titanium alloys start to absorb oxygen from 250 ° C and start to absorb hydrogen from 400 ° C.
  • an inert gas or an active gas is usually used to blow out a specific gas through a nozzle to blow out a plasma cloud and form a protective atmosphere covering the molten pool to achieve protection.
  • a nozzle is used to attach a cover The method covers the weld pool and the welds that are still at a high temperature after solidification.
  • the nozzle is used to blow out the plasma cloud, and the drag cover is used to protect the welds that are still at a high temperature. Due to the limitation of the structure of the protective bracket, the method of adding the nozzle to the bracket is only applicable to the welding of simple long vertical and longitudinal seams, and it is powerless for the welds with complicated paths.
  • Publication number CN104588882B has invented a laser welding machine with an inert gas protection system, which can better protect the welding pool and the weld seam that are still at high temperature after solidification of metal workpieces including titanium alloys. .
  • the invention is obviously not suitable for the continuous long welding seam operation or the working condition with a high load sustained rate.
  • laser welding is an ultra-high-temperature rapid thermal cycle process.
  • the temperature of the center area of the small hole of laser welding is as high as 10000K.
  • the nozzle of the gas protection system is in the plasma cloud, the molten pool, and the strong heat radiation of the weld at a high temperature after solidification.
  • the nozzle temperature is likely to rise above 200 ° C, while the melting point of plastic is generally only 200 ° C to 300 ° C, and the temperature is extremely easy to cause high temperatures.
  • the plastic is softened or even melted.
  • the plastic and metal nozzle disclosed in the publication No. CN104588882B is in a direct connection state.
  • the nozzle relies on a flexible bendable plastic tube and is suspended in a designated position, which will cause two problems: one is that the nozzle is flexible
  • the part where the bent plastic tube contacts the nozzle softens or even melts, and easily falls off under the effect of gravity, which causes the gas protection system to fail to work and loses the gas protection effect of laser welding.
  • the flexible bent plastic tube is exposed for a long time.
  • the whole becomes soft and cannot accurately maintain the spatial position and attitude of the nozzle State, resulting in poor protection effect, and even the nozzle will sag under the action of its own weight and scratch the welding molten pool to pollute the molten pool, or block the laser beam directed at the metal workpiece and be damaged by the laser beam, resulting in gas
  • the protection system is not working properly.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problem of softening or even melting of a flexible bendable plastic pipe caused by overheating of a nozzle of a gas protection system in a long-time high-power laser welding state, and improve the gas protection system Laser welding device with high temperature resistance stability and reliability.
  • a laser welding device provided by the present invention includes a laser welding system and a gas protection system;
  • the gas protection system includes:
  • An adapter which is connected to a welding head of the laser welding system
  • a trachea one end of which is connected to the adapter
  • a flexible bendable plastic pipe one end of the flexible bendable plastic pipe is in communication with one end of the air pipe;
  • a nozzle provided at the other end of the flexible bendable plastic pipe
  • an insulated transition tube is provided on the other end of the flexible bendable plastic tube, and the nozzle is arranged at the other end of the flexible bendable plastic tube through the insulated transition tube.
  • the material of the adiabatic transition tube is a phenolic resin.
  • the size of the end surface of the nozzle near the metal workpiece in the welding direction is greater than 20 mm.
  • a cross section of a connection end of the nozzle and the flexible bendable plastic pipe is circular;
  • a groove is provided on the free end of the nozzle
  • a through hole for passing the laser beam is provided at an end of the groove near the laser beam
  • the slope of the bevel is 30 degrees, and the through hole is in a vertical state and the projection size is a 10 mm diameter through hole;
  • the bottom plane of the nozzle is parallel to the upper surface of the metal workpiece and the vertical distance ranges from 1 mm to 3 mm;
  • the included angle between the nozzle and the vertical plane of the metal workpiece is 70 degrees to 75 degrees;
  • the horizontal distance between the laser beam and the center of the through hole of the nozzle ranges from 0 mm to 3 mm;
  • the flow rate of the gas from the gas source is 40 liters / minute to 50 liters / minute.
  • a fixed heat dissipation system is connected to the welding head, the fixed heat dissipation system is connected to the gas protection system, and the fixed heat dissipation system includes:
  • a first adjusting lever, and one end of the first adjusting lever is connected to the connecting mechanism
  • a second adjustment lever one end of the second adjustment lever is connected to the other end of the first adjustment lever, and the other end of the second adjustment lever is connected to the nozzle.
  • one end of the first adjusting rod is connected to the connecting mechanism through a single-hole clamp assembly
  • the other end of the second adjusting rod is connected to the nozzle through a double-hole clamp assembly.
  • an adjustment assembly is provided between one end of the second adjustment lever and the other end of the first adjustment lever, and the adjustment assembly includes:
  • a second turntable the second turntable being coaxially disposed with the first turntable
  • An adjustment hole provided on the first turntable and the second turntable in a circumferential direction around the centers of the circles of the first turntable and the second turntable;
  • An adjusting member is disposed in the adjusting hole.
  • the first adjusting rod and the second adjusting rod are hollow pipes.
  • the single-hole clamp, the first adjustment lever, the second adjustment lever, the first turntable, the second turntable, the single-hole clamp assembly, and the double-hole clamp is made of brass.
  • the shielding gas in the gas protection system is an Ar + CO 2 mixed gas, an Ar + O 2 mixed gas, Ar, He, or an Ar + He mixed gas.
  • the complex path ° follow-on gas protection is achieved, which can effectively remove the plasma cloud above the welding area, improve the coupling effect between the laser beam and the metal workpiece, and effectively protect the high temperature Welding seams.
  • the cooling and cooling effect of the nozzle is strengthened. Reduce the tendency of nozzles to fall off due to nozzle heating.
  • the spatial position and attitude of the nozzle can be rigidly fixed, so that the nozzle can be maintained in the specified spatial position and attitude even if the flexible and bendable plastic tube softens.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser welding device according to the present invention.
  • a laser welding device of the present invention includes a laser welding system 1 and a gas protection system 2 and a fixed heat dissipation system 3.
  • the laser welding system includes a welding head 101 and a laser beam 102; the gas protection system 2 is provided by a gas source.
  • 201, the air pipe 202, the adapter 203, the flexible bendable plastic pipe 204, the adiabatic transition pipe 205, and the nozzle 206 are sequentially connected.
  • the fixed heat dissipation system 3 includes a connection mechanism 301, a single-hole clamp 302, a single-hole fastening screw 303, a first adjustment lever 304, a first turntable 305 with a waist-shaped adjustment hole, a second turntable 306 with a waist-shaped adjustment hole,
  • the first turntable fastening screw 307, the second turntable fastening screw 308, the second adjustment lever 309, the double-hole fastening screw 310, the double-hole clamp 311, and the nozzle fastening screw 312 are sequentially connected.
  • the adapter 203 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the welding head 101 and supports and fixes the gas protection system 2.
  • the flexible bendable plastic tube 204 is used to initially adjust the vertical distance between the nozzle 206 and the welded metal workpiece 4 and the horizontal distance from the laser beam 102.
  • the gas protection system 2 flows the gas from the gas source 201 through the gas pipe 202, the adapter 203, the flexible bendable plastic pipe 204, the adiabatic transition pipe 205, and the nozzle 206, and blows the laser beam 102 to the welding position on the metal workpiece 4 , Blowing out the photo-induced plasma cloud formed above the laser welding pool area, and protecting the welding pool and the area near the high-temperature welding seam.
  • the single-hole fastening screw 303 passes through the single-hole clamp 302 to fix one end of the first adjustment lever 304, and the double-hole fastening screw 310 passes through one of the holes of the double-hole clamp 311 to fix one end of the second adjustment lever 309, and the nozzle is fastened.
  • the screw 312 passes through another hole of the double-hole clamp 311 to fix the nozzle 206.
  • the first adjustment lever 304 When the single-hole fastening screw 303 is in the loosened state, the first adjustment lever 304 can be retracted or rotated in the hole of the single-hole clamp 302, and when the double-hole fastening screw 310 is in the loose state, the second adjustment lever 309 can be When the two-hole clamp 311 is retracted or rotated in the hole, when the first turntable fastening screw 307 and the second turntable fastening screw 308 are in a loose state, the first turntable 305 with a waist adjustment hole and the The second turntable 306 can be rotated relatively to adjust the angle relationship between the first adjustment lever 304 and the second adjustment lever 309.
  • the connection mechanism 301 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the welding head 101 and supports and fixes the fixed heat dissipation system 3. The above comprehensive effect can realize that the clamping position of the double-hole clamp 311 to the nozzle 206 can be adjusted.
  • the bakelite phenolic resin material is used for the heat-insulating transition tube 205, which has both good heat insulation performance and high-temperature strength performance.
  • the nozzle 206 has a regular circular cross section at one end and is connected to the adiabatic transition tube 205. The other end is a free end. The free end is provided with a 30 degree bevel. The end of the bevel near the laser beam is processed in a vertical state. A millimeter through hole is used for passing the laser beam 102.
  • the size of the end face of the nozzle 206 near the metal workpiece 4 in the welding direction is greater than 20 mm.
  • Single-hole clamp 302 first adjustment lever 304, first turntable 305 with waist-shaped adjustment hole, second turntable 306 with waist-shaped adjustment hole, second adjustment lever 309, double-hole clamp 311, and nozzle 206 are all selected Brass material to achieve good thermal conductivity and high temperature strength performance.
  • Both the first adjusting rod 304 and the second adjusting rod 309 are hollow pipes, which realize the characteristics of low cost, light weight, and large specific surface area.
  • the bottom plane of the nozzle 206 is parallel to the upper surface of the metal workpiece 4 and the vertical distance range is: 1 mm to 3 mm; and the included angle range of the nozzle 206 and the vertical plane of the metal workpiece 4 is: 70 degrees to 75 degrees.
  • the horizontal distance between the laser beam 102 and the center of the through hole of the nozzle 206 is in the range of 0 mm to 3 mm;
  • the protective gas used in the gas protection system 2 is an active gas or an inert gas.
  • the active gas refers to an Ar + CO 2 mixed gas or an Ar + O 2 mixed gas, which is mainly applicable to ferrous metals;
  • the inert gas is Ar, He, or Ar + He mixed gas is mainly suitable for non-ferrous metals.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

一种激光焊接装置，包括激光焊接系统（1）、气体保护系统（2）和固定散热系统（3）。激光焊接系统包括焊接头（101）和激光束（102）。气体保护系统（2）由气源（201）、气管（202）、转接头（203）、可柔性弯折的塑料管（204）、绝热过渡管（205）和喷嘴（206）依次连接。固定散热系统（3）由连接机构（301）、单孔卡箍（302）、单孔紧固螺钉（303）、第一调节杆（304）、带腰形调节孔的第一转盘（305）、带腰形调节孔的第二转盘（306）、第一转盘紧固螺钉（307）、第二转盘紧固螺钉（308）、第二调节杆（309）、双孔紧固螺钉（310）、双孔卡箍（311）、喷嘴紧固螺钉（312）依次连接而成。通过在激光作用区域的附近形成惰性气体空间，实现复杂路径随动气体保护，有效吹除焊接区域上方的等离子体云，提高激光束与金属工件的耦合效果，并有效保护处于高温状态的焊缝。

Description

激光焊接装置 技术领域
本发明涉及激光焊接领域，尤其涉及一种激光焊接装置。
背景技术
激光焊接作为一种精密、高效、快速的焊接方法，在航空航天领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。激光焊接可以简单归纳为这样的过程：首先聚焦的激光束照射到金属工件表面，金属工件材料吸收激光后产生熔化，金属工件和激光束相对运动后，熔化的金属工件在激光束离开后凝固结晶，形成焊缝。激光焊接分热导焊和深熔焊两种模式，其中，深熔焊发生了材料熔化、气化和等离子化，并有小孔效应，焊缝深宽比大，是激光焊接工业应用的主要方法。
在上述的深熔焊中，小孔内充满因高温蒸汽部分电离而成的等离子体，小孔的出口上方也形成一定范围的等离子体云，等离子体云会通过逆韧致吸收和折射对激光束产生屏蔽效应，影响激光束与金属工件的耦合，导致大量的光能量损耗，从而影响焊接熔深和焊接过程稳定性，需要吹除。另一方面，如果没有保护，空气会污染激光焊接的熔池成分，并极大的降低焊缝的力学性能；有些高活性金属例如钛合金，从250℃开始吸氧，从400℃开始吸氢，从600℃开始吸氮，不仅焊接熔池会被空气污染而降低性能，熔池凝固后处于高温状态时，还会受到空气污染导致表面组织脆化，接头力学性能恶化。
为了解决上述问题，目前通常采用惰性气体或活性气体，通过喷嘴吹出特定气体吹除等离子体云，并形成覆盖熔池的保护氛围实现保护，对于有些高活性金属例如钛合金，通过喷嘴加托罩的方式覆盖焊接熔池和凝固后还处于高温状态的焊缝，喷嘴用来吹除等离子体云，拖罩用来保护还处于高温状态的焊缝。由于保护托罩结构的局限性，喷嘴加托罩的方法只适用于简单的长直纵缝焊接，对路径复杂的焊缝显得无能为力。公开号为CN104588882B发明了一种具有惰性气体保护系统的激光焊接机，较好的实现了对包括钛合金在内的金属工件激光焊接的焊接熔池和凝固后还处于高温状态的焊缝的保护。但该发明明显不适应连续长焊缝的作业或者负载持续率较高的工况。原因是：激光焊接是个超高温急速热循环过程，激光焊接小孔中心区域温度高达10000K，所述气体保护系统的 喷嘴处于等离子体云、熔池和凝固后处于高温状态的焊缝的强烈热辐射范围内，连续长焊缝的作业或者负载持续率较高的工况条件下，喷嘴温度极易上升到200℃以上，而塑料的熔点一般只有200℃～300℃，温度极易过高而导致塑料软化甚至熔化，所述的公开号为CN104588882B的塑料与金属喷嘴属于直接连接状态，喷嘴依靠可柔性弯折的塑料管而悬空存在于指定位置，会导致两个问题：一是喷嘴因为可柔性弯折的塑料管与喷嘴接触部位软化甚至熔化，和重力作用而极易脱落，导致气体保护系统不能工作，而失去对激光焊接的气体保护作用；二是可柔性弯折的塑料管长时间暴露在剧烈的热辐射环境中，整体变软而不能精确的维持喷嘴的空间位置及空间姿态，导致保护效果不佳，甚至喷嘴会在自重的作用下出现下垂现象而刮擦到焊接熔池进而污染熔池，或者遮挡住射向金属工件的激光束而被激光束烧损，导致气体保护系统不能正常工作。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种解决长时间大功率激光焊接状态下，气体保护系统的喷嘴过热导致的可柔性弯折的塑料管软化甚至熔化问题，提高气体保护系统的高温耐受稳定性与可靠性的激光焊接装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的一种激光焊接装置，包括激光焊接系统及气体保护系统；其中
所述气体保护系统包括：
转接头，所述转接头连接在所述激光焊接系统的焊接头上；
气管，所述气管的一端与所述转接头连接；
气源，所述气源与所述气管的另一端连接；
可柔性弯折的塑料管，所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的一端与所述气管的一端连通；
喷嘴，所述喷嘴设置在所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的另一端；
其特征在于，在所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的另一端上设有绝热过渡管，所述喷嘴通过所述绝热过渡管设置在所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的另一端。
优选地，所述绝热过渡管的材质为酚醛树脂。
优选地，所述喷嘴靠近金属工件的端面沿焊接方向的尺寸大于20毫米。
优选地，所述喷嘴与所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的连接端的截面为圆形；
在所述喷嘴的自由端上开设有坡口；
在所述坡口靠近激光束的一端设有用于所述激光束通过的通孔；其中
所述坡口的坡度为30度，所述通孔为竖直状态投影尺寸为直径10毫米通孔；
所述喷嘴的底平面与金属工件上表面保持平行且垂直距离范围为1毫米～3毫米；
所述喷嘴与金属工件的垂直面的夹角范围是70度～75度；
激光束与所述喷嘴的通孔中心的水平距离范围为0毫米～3毫米；
所述气源的气体的流速为40升/分钟～50升/分钟。
优选地，在所述焊接头上连接固定散热系统，所述固定散热系统与所述气体保护系统连接，所述固定散热系统包括：
连接机构，所述连接机构连接在所述焊接头上；
第一调节杆，所述第一调节杆的一端与所述连接机构连接；
第二调节杆，所述第二调节杆的一端与所述第一调节杆的另一端连接，所述第二调节杆的另一端与所述喷嘴连接。
优选地，所述第一调节杆的一端通过单孔卡箍组件与所述连接机构连接；
所述第二调节杆的另一端通过双孔卡箍组件与所述喷嘴连接。
优选地，在所述第二调节杆的一端与所述第一调节杆的另一端之间设有调节组件，所述调节组件包括：
第一转盘；
第二转盘，所述第二转盘与所述第一转盘同轴设置；
调节孔，所述调节孔绕所述第一转盘及所述第二转盘的圆心沿周向设置在所述第一转盘及所述第二转盘上；
调节件，所述调节件设置在所述调节孔内。
优选地，所述第一调节杆及所述第二调节杆为空心管材。
优选地，所述单孔卡箍、所述第一调节杆、所述第二调节杆、所述第一转盘、所述第二转盘、所述单孔卡箍组件及所述双孔卡箍组件的材质为黄铜。
优选地，所述气体保护系统中的保护气体为Ar+CO 2混合气体、Ar+O 2混合气体、Ar、He或者Ar+He混合气体。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
通过在激光作用区域附件形成惰性气体空间，实现复杂路径°随动气体保护，既有效的吹除焊接区域上方的等离子体云，提高激光束与金属工件的耦合效果，并有效保护还处于高温状态的焊缝。
通过在可柔性弯折的塑料管和喷嘴之间增加绝热过渡管，凭借绝热过渡管良好的绝 热性能以及耐高温强度性能，可以解决喷嘴由于过热，导致可柔性弯折的塑料管与喷嘴接触的部位出现软化甚至熔化问题。
通过增加固定散热系统，一方面通过热传导原理，凭借主体材料均为黄铜的良好导热性能，以及管材、卡箍等结构上比表面积大而散热性好的特点，强化对喷嘴的散热冷却作用，减弱喷嘴发热导致的喷嘴脱落倾向。另一方面可以对喷嘴的空间位置和姿态起到刚性固定作用，使得即使可柔性弯折的塑料管出现软化也能保持喷嘴处于指定的空间位置和姿态。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征目的和优点将会变得更明显。
图1为本发明激光焊接装置结构示意图。
图中：
1-激光焊接系统           2-气体保护系统           3-固定散热系统
101-焊接头               102-激光束               201-气源
202-气管                 203-转接头               204-可柔性弯折的塑料管
205-绝热过渡管           206-喷嘴                 301-连接机构
302-单孔卡箍             303-单孔紧固螺钉         304-第一调节杆
305-第一转盘             306-第二转盘             307-第一转盘紧固螺钉
308-第二转盘紧固螺钉     309-第二调节杆           310-双孔紧固螺钉
311-双孔卡箍             312-喷嘴紧固螺钉
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，本发明的一种激光焊接装置，包括激光焊接系统1和气体保护系统2和固定散热系统3，激光焊接系统包括焊接头101和激光束102；气体保护系统2由气源201、气管202、转接头203、可柔性弯折的塑料管204、绝热过渡管205和喷嘴206 依次连接。固定散热系统3由连接机构301、单孔卡箍302、单孔紧固螺钉303、第一调节杆304、带腰形调节孔的第一转盘305、带腰形调节孔的第二转盘306、第一转盘紧固螺钉307、第二转盘紧固螺钉308、第二调节杆309、双孔紧固螺钉310、双孔卡箍311、喷嘴紧固螺钉312依次连接而成。
转接头203固定连接到焊接头101的外壁上，对气体保护系统2起支撑和固定作用。可柔性弯折的塑料管204用于初步调节喷嘴206与焊接金属工件4的垂直距离和与激光光束102的水平距离。气体保护系统2将气源201的气体流经气管202、转接头203、可柔性弯折的塑料管204、绝热过渡管205和喷嘴206，吹到激光束102照射到金属工件4上的焊接位置，吹除激光焊接熔池区域上方形成的光致等离子体云，并对焊接熔池以及临近处于高温状态的焊缝区域进行保护。
单孔紧固螺钉303穿过单孔卡箍302固定第一调节杆304的一端，双孔紧固螺钉310穿过双孔卡箍311的一个孔固定第二调节杆309的一端，喷嘴紧固螺钉312穿过双孔卡箍311的另外一个孔固定喷嘴206。单孔紧固螺钉303处于松开状态时，第一调节杆304可以在单孔卡箍302的孔内伸缩或者旋转，双孔紧固螺钉310处于松开状态时，第二调节杆309可以在双孔卡箍311的孔内伸缩或者旋转，第一转盘紧固螺钉307和第二转盘紧固螺钉308处于松开状态时，带腰形调节孔的第一转盘305和带腰形调节孔的第二转盘306可以相对旋转，用于调节第一调节杆304和第二调节杆309的夹角关系。连接机构301固定连接到焊接头101的外壁上，对固定散热系统3起支撑和固定作用。上述综合作用，可以实现双孔卡箍311对喷嘴206的夹持位置可调节。
绝热过渡管205选用胶木酚醛树脂材料，兼顾具有良好的绝热性能以及耐高温强度性能。
喷嘴206的一端截面为规则圆形，与绝热过渡管205连接，另一端为自由端，自由端开设有30度的坡口，坡口靠近激光束的一端加工有竖直状态投影尺寸为直径10毫米通孔，用于激光束102的通过。
喷嘴206靠近金属工件4的端面沿焊接方向的尺寸大于20毫米，可以在激光焊接高活性金属如钛及钛合金时，确保气体保护范围能覆盖熔池和处于高温状态的焊缝表面。
单孔卡箍302、第一调节杆304、带腰形调节孔的第一转盘305、带腰形调节孔的第二转盘306、第二调节杆309、双孔卡箍311和喷嘴206均选用黄铜材料，实现良好的导热性和耐高温强度性能。
第一调节杆304和第二调节杆309均采用空心管材，实现低成本、轻量化、比表面 积大的特点。
喷嘴206的底平面与金属工件4上表面保持平行且垂直距离范围为：1毫米～3毫米；并且，喷嘴206与金属工件4的垂直面的夹角范围是：70度～75度。
激光束102与喷嘴206通孔中心的水平距离范围为0毫米～3毫米；气源201的气体的流速为40升/分钟～50升/分钟。
气体保护系统2所使用的保护气体，采用活性气体或者惰性气体，活性气体是指Ar+CO 2混合气体或者Ar+O 2混合气体，主要适用于黑色金属；惰性气体为Ar、He、或者Ar+He混合气体，主要适用于有色金属。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种激光焊接装置，包括激光焊接系统及气体保护系统；其中
    所述气体保护系统包括：
    转接头，所述转接头连接在所述激光焊接系统的焊接头上；
    气管，所述气管的一端与所述转接头连接；
    气源，所述气源与所述气管的另一端连接；
    可柔性弯折的塑料管，所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的一端与所述气管的一端连通；
    喷嘴，所述喷嘴设置在所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的另一端；
    其特征在于，在所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的另一端上设有绝热过渡管，所述喷嘴通过所述绝热过渡管设置在所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的另一端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，所述绝热过渡管的材质为酚醛树脂。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，所述喷嘴靠近金属工件的端面沿焊接方向的尺寸大于20毫米。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，所述喷嘴与所述可柔性弯折的塑料管的连接端的截面为圆形；
    在所述喷嘴的自由端上开设有坡口；
    在所述坡口靠近激光束的一端设有用于所述激光束通过的通孔；其中
    所述坡口的坡度为30度，所述通孔为竖直状态投影尺寸为直径10毫米通孔；
    所述喷嘴的底平面与金属工件上表面保持平行且垂直距离范围为1毫米～3毫米；
    所述喷嘴与金属工件的垂直面的夹角范围是70度～75度；
    激光束与所述喷嘴的通孔中心的水平距离范围为0毫米～3毫米；
    所述气源的气体的流速为40升/分钟～50升/分钟。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，在所述焊接头上连接固定散热系统，所述固定散热系统与所述气体保护系统连接，所述固定散热系统包括：
    连接机构，所述连接机构连接在所述焊接头上；
    第一调节杆，所述第一调节杆的一端与所述连接机构连接；
    第二调节杆，所述第二调节杆的一端与所述第一调节杆的另一端连接，所述第二调节杆的另一端与所述喷嘴连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，所述第一调节杆的一端通过单孔卡箍组件与所述连接机构连接；
    所述第二调节杆的另一端通过双孔卡箍组件与所述喷嘴连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，在所述第二调节杆的一端与所述第一调节杆的另一端之间设有调节组件，所述调节组件包括：
    第一转盘；
    第二转盘，所述第二转盘与所述第一转盘同轴设置；
    调节孔，所述调节孔绕所述第一转盘及所述第二转盘的圆心沿周向设置在所述第一转盘及所述第二转盘上；
    调节件，所述调节件设置在所述调节孔内。
  8. 根据权利要求5、6或7所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，所述第一调节杆及所述第二调节杆为空心管材。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，所述单孔卡箍、所述第一调节杆、所述第二调节杆、所述第一转盘、所述第二转盘、所述单孔卡箍组件及所述双孔卡箍组件的材质为黄铜。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的激光焊接装置，其特征在于，所述气体保护系统中的保护气体为Ar+CO 2混合气体、Ar+O 2混合气体、Ar、He或者Ar+He混合气体。
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