WO2020051795A1 - 一种钢铁煤气系统长期区间预测及其结构学习方法 - Google Patents
一种钢铁煤气系统长期区间预测及其结构学习方法 Download PDFInfo
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- the invention belongs to the field of information technology, and relates to technologies such as fuzzy modeling, reinforcement learning, and parallel computing, and is a long-term interval prediction and structural learning method for a steel industry gas system combining granular calculation and reinforcement learning.
- the invention uses industrial real data, first constructs a multi-level information granularity non-equal length distribution structure, and establishes a corresponding optimization model; further, considering the importance of the model structure to prediction accuracy, the present invention uses Monte Carlo method to multi-level models Based on the optimal multi-layer granularity calculation structure, a parallel calculation strategy is used to obtain the long-term interval prediction results of gas production and consumption. The accuracy of the results obtained by this method is high, and the calculation efficiency meets the requirements of practical applications. It can also be popularized and applied in other energy media systems in the steel industry.
- the by-product gas of the iron and steel industry mainly includes three types of blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and converter gas. Due to changes in production demand and equipment switching operations, the production and production balance often appears on the scene. At this time, a scheduling plan needs to be formulated to achieve the pipe network The new balance of production and consumption ensures smooth production and avoids waste of resources. In the above process, the production and consumption change trend is an important basis for energy dispatchers to make decisions, so the prediction of by-product gas has important practical significance. (Xiong Chao. Discussion on Energy Conservation of Gas System in Iron and Steel Enterprises [C]. (2011) .Metallurgical Technology Economics Academic Conference of Chinese Metal Society.)
- the invention mainly solves the problems of long-term interval prediction and model structure learning of the production and consumption of the by-product gas system of the iron and steel industry.
- Methods Using real industrial data collected from the field, first, a multi-level information granularity non-equal length distribution structure and a corresponding optimization model are established.
- the present invention uses Monte Carlo method to perform reinforcement learning on structural parameters; finally Hierarchical and efficient solution with parallel computing to get long-term interval prediction results.
- a method for long-term interval prediction and structural learning of a steel gas system is as follows:
- FCM Fuzzy C-Means
- the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the long-term interval prediction model of the present invention optimizes information granularity hierarchically, and overcomes the problems that the traditional single-layer method requires too many solution parameters and has low average accuracy.
- the established granularity distribution optimization model describes the coverage of information as a constraint condition, and the objective function is only a specific objective, thereby avoiding the tediousness of solving multi-objective problems.
- the application of Monte Carlo method provides a reinforcement learning mechanism for the structural learning of long-term interval prediction models, so that the multi-level granular computing structure can be determined adaptively.
- the use of parallel computing in the above optimization model solution and reinforcement learning process ensures that the calculation efficiency of the method can meet the requirements of practical applications.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the by-product gas system of the iron and steel industry.
- FIG. 2 is an application flowchart of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the multi-level information granularity allocation and optimization structure.
- Figure 4 (a) is a long-term prediction result of the # 2 blast furnace gas generation amount by the MVE method.
- Figure 4 (b) is a long-term prediction result of the single-layer particle size calculation method for # 2 blast furnace gas generation.
- Fig. 4 (c) is a long-term interval prediction result of the method of the present invention for the # 2 blast furnace gas generation amount.
- Fig. 5 (a) is a long-term prediction result of the # 1 coke oven gas consumption by the MVE method.
- Figure 5 (b) is a long-term interval prediction result of the single-layer particle size calculation method for # 1 coke oven gas usage.
- FIG. 5 (c) is a long-term prediction result of the method of the present invention with respect to # 1 coke oven gas usage.
- MVE in the figure refers to Mean-Variance Estimate
- the by-product gas system of Shanghai Baoshan Iron and Steel Plant which has a high level of automation in the domestic steel industry, will be further described below.
- the schematic diagram of Baosteel's gas system shown in Figure 1 it can be seen that four blast furnaces, six coke ovens and six converters constitute three main by-product gas generating units, while the consumption units include cold / hot rolling, sintering, etc.
- low-pressure boilers and power plants are often used as adjustable units.
- the pipeline network also contains multiple gas cabinets, which play the role of temporary storage and buffer.
- the gas mixing station and the pressurizing station are used as the transmission and distribution system, which is responsible for the gas pressure delivery to each consumption unit.
- the present invention aims at this problem, and carries out research and application work on the prediction method of the by-product gas production and consumption.
- Step 1 Data preprocessing
- Step 3 Establish a multi-level granular computing model
- i 1, 2, ..., M
- j 1,2,..., n i , and n 1 ⁇ n 2 ⁇ ... ⁇ n m .
- two measures of coverage cov and specific spec are defined as follows:
- T represents the number of data points contained in the sample
- ⁇ i is an identification variable, which is equal to 1 when the interval covers the data points of the sample, otherwise equal to 0
- range refers to the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the sample data
- z i respectively represent the upper and lower limits of the prediction interval.
- the optimization goal of the information granularity model is to make (1) and (2) take maximum values, where cov should be at least equal to the target confidence (1- ⁇ ) ⁇ 100%, and ⁇ ⁇ [0,1] is a significant level.
- the present invention considers (1) as a constraint condition, that is, cov must be greater than or equal to the target confidence interval.
- the order of optimization of information granularity is opposite to the order of allocation.
- the optimization model of each layer is established as follows:
- range (2) refers to the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the corresponding data samples in the second layer
- z i (2) represents the upper and lower limits of the interval results obtained at the second layer
- ⁇ is a hyperparameter that controls the granularity of the overall information; with Used to control ⁇ i so that it does not deviate too much from ⁇ ; It is an identification variable similar to ⁇ i , that is, when the interval obtained by the second layer covers the data points of the sample, otherwise it is 0.
- the first layer needs to calculate a series of optimization problems, which can be expressed as follows:
- the present invention uses a differential evolution (DE) algorithm to solve the above optimization problem. It should be particularly pointed out that the optimization problems of the first layer are independent of each other. Therefore, the present invention adopts a parallel strategy to process, so that the calculation time can be greatly reduced to meet the real-time requirements of the site.
- DE differential evolution
- Step 4 Long-term interval prediction
- the probability of the data segment z k can be estimated as Corresponding predicted value It can be obtained by the central method, namely:
- Step 5 Reinforcement learning of model structure parameters
- state S, action A and reward R as follows:
- ⁇ ⁇ (s, a) be a multilayer perceptron neural network:
- ⁇ ⁇ (s, a) f ( ⁇ T ⁇ ⁇ (s, a) + b) (9)
- ⁇ represents the changing step size
- ⁇ is the discount factor
- r t is the reward obtained at time t, that is:
- this step (12) Computing can be accelerated with the help of parallel strategies;
- the present invention divides information granularity into layers and optimizes it in parallel to improve the computing efficiency while ensuring prediction accuracy; on the other hand, it also adaptively determines the structure of multi-layer granularity calculation through reinforcement learning parameter.
- Figures 4 and 5 are the long-term interval prediction results for # 2 blast furnace gas generation and # 1 coke oven gas generation, respectively.
- the predicted duration is 480 points, that is, 8 hours, where (a) is the statistical mean -Mean-Variance Estimate (MVE) method, (b) is a general single-layer granularity calculation long-term interval prediction model, and (c) is the method of the present invention.
- MVE statistical mean -Mean-Variance Estimate
- b is a general single-layer granularity calculation long-term interval prediction model
- (c) is the method of the present invention.
- the dashed line is the true value
- the gray band-shaped area is the predicted interval of the structure. Table 1 shows the prediction interval accuracy and calculation efficiency comparison.
- the measurement indicators include prediction interval coverage (Prediction Intervals Coverage Probability (PICP)), regularized average interval width (Prediction Intervals Normalized Average Width (PINAW)), interval score (Interval score, IS) ) And computing time (ComputingTime, CT), where the definition of PIP, PINAW and IS are as follows:
- T test is the total number of data points contained in the test set, and ⁇ i is an identification variable.
- z i are the upper and lower limits of the prediction interval; the maximum and minimum values in the test set are d max and d min respectively ;
- e i is a piecewise defined variable:
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Abstract
一种钢铁煤气系统长期区间预测及其结构学习方法,属于信息技术领域。该方法采用工业真实数据,首先构造多层次的信息粒度非等长分配结构,建立相应优化模型;进而,考虑到模型结构对预测精度的重要性,借助蒙特卡洛方法,对多层次模型的结构参数进行强化学习;最终基于最优的多层粒度计算结构,运用并行计算策略,求得煤气产消量的长期区间预测结果。该方法所得到结果精度较高,且计算效率符合实际应用要求,在钢铁工业其它能源介质系统中亦可推广应用。
Description
本发明属于信息技术领域,涉及到模糊建模、强化学习、并行计算等技术,是一种粒度计算与强化学习相结合的钢铁工业煤气系统长期区间预测及其结构学习方法。本发明采用工业真实数据,首先构造多层次的信息粒度非等长分配结构,建立相应优化模型;进而,考虑到模型结构对预测精度的重要性,本发明借助蒙特卡洛方法,对多层次模型的结构参数进行强化学习;最终基于最优的多层粒度计算结构,运用并行计算策略,求得煤气产消量的长期区间预测结果。此方法所得到结果精度较高,且计算效率符合实际应用要求,在钢铁工业其它能源介质系统中亦可推广应用。
节能减排始终是钢铁工业日常生产的重要目标之一。作为随生产过程产生的副产煤气这一二次能源,能否实现对其合理利用将直接关系到企业经济利益和降耗效果。钢铁工业的副产煤气主要包括高炉煤气、焦炉煤气和转炉煤气三种,由于生产需求变化、设备切换操作等原因,现场常出现产消失衡情况,此时需制定调度方案以使管网达到新的产消平衡,从而保障生产顺畅、避免资源浪费。在上述过程中,产消量变化趋势是能源调度人员做出决策的重要依据,因此对副产煤气的预测工作具有重要的实际应用意义。(熊超.钢铁企业煤气系统节能探讨[C].(2011).中国金属学会冶金技术经济学会学术年会.)
随着研究应用工作的广泛开展,以粒度计算为代表的预测模型已可实现超过4小时的长期趋势估计(J.Zhao,Z.Y.Han,W.Pedrycz,W.Wang.(2016).Granular model of long-term prediction for energy system in steel industry[J].IEEE transactions on cybernetics,46(2),388-400)(Z.Y.Han,J.Zhao,Q.Liu,W.Wang.(2016).Granular-computing based hybrid collaborative fuzzy clustering for long-term prediction of multiple gas holders levels[J].Information Sciences,330,175-185)。然而,这些方法的预测结果均以点为呈现形式,无法满足现场对结果可靠性衡量的需求。鉴于此,除了支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)、基于统计学的一些模型均可被用来实现区间预测以外(C.Y.Sheng,J.Zhao,W.Wang,H.Leung.(2013).Prediction intervals for a noisy nonlinear time series based on a bootstrapping reservoir computing network ensemble[J].IEEE Transactions on neural networks and learning systems,24(7),1036-1048)(A.Khosravi,S.Nahavandi,D.(2010).Creighton.Construction of optimal prediction intervals for load forecasting problems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,25(3),1496-1503.),将粒度计算中的聚类中心纵向拓展为区间值、进而求解相应优化模型,也是一个可行的解决方案(Z.Y.Han,J.Zhao,H.Leung,W.Wang.(2018).Construction of prediction intervals for gas flow systems in steel industry based on granular computing[J].Control Engineering Practice,78,79-88)。
然而,这些方法存在明显不足:首先,由于以迭代机制构造样本,SVM、基于统计学等模型在长期预测方面精度难以令人满意,一般仅能给出60个点以内的良好预测结果;其次,虽然单层的信息粒度分配方式可计算出较长时间的区间估计结果,但大量的待优化参数导致其运算时间和精度均存在不确定性,若能将这些参数分层次处理,则有望在计算效率和平均精度上获得明显提升;此外,若应用多层次粒度计算模型,其结构将直接左右长期区间预测结果的精度,因此需要设计方法以高效、合理地获取最优模型结构参数。
发明内容
本发明主要解决钢铁工业副产煤气系统的产消量长期区间预测及模型结构学习问题。方法使用采集自现场的真实工业数据,首先建立多层次的信息粒度非等长分配结构及相应优化模型;为自适应地确定模型结构,本发明借助蒙特卡洛方法对结构参数进行强化学习;最终借助并行计算进行分层次的高效求解,得到长期区间预测结果。
本发明的技术方案:
一种钢铁煤气系统长期区间预测及其结构学习方法,步骤如下:
(1)由现场实时数据库采集副产煤气系统的产消量数据,经过除噪、滤波及填补等预处理后作为基础数据样本;
(2)应用模糊C均值(FuzzyC-Means,FCM)算法进行聚类,得到聚类中心及隶属度;
(3)逐层次的对聚类中心分配信息粒度,将其由点值拓展为区间值,并建立各层次的信息粒度优化模型;
(4)利用并行计算策略,逐层求解最优结构参数下的信息粒度分配优化模型,并结合概率、模糊建模等手段,得到初步的长期区间预测结果;
(5)将长期区间预测模型的当前结构定义为“状态”、参数变化定义为“动作”,借助蒙特卡洛方法,以强化学习的方式求取近似的策略值函数,从而确定模型的最优结构参数,并再次运用步骤4,得到最终的长期区间预测结果;
本发明的有益效果:本发明的长期区间预测模型将信息粒度分层优化,克服了传统单层方法需求解参数过多、平均精度较低的问题。所建立的粒度分配优化模型将信息的覆盖性描述为约束条件,而目标函数仅为专一性一个目标,从而避免了求解多目标问题的繁琐。此外,蒙特卡洛方法的运用,为长期区间预测模型的结构学习提供了强化学习机制,从而可自适应地确定多层次粒度计算结构。加之并行计算在上述优化模型求解、强化学习过程中的运用,保障了方法的计算效率可符合实际应用之要求。
图1为钢铁工业副产煤气系统示意图。
图2为本发明应用流程图。
图3为多层次信息粒度分配及优化结构示意图。
图4(a)为MVE方法对#2高炉煤气发生量的长期区间预测结果图。
图4(b)为单层粒度计算方法对#2高炉煤气发生量的长期区间预测结果图。
图4(c)为本发明方法对#2高炉煤气发生量的长期区间预测结果图。
图5(a)为MVE方法对#1焦炉煤气使用量的长期区间预测结果图。
图5(b)为单层粒度计算方法对#1焦炉煤气使用量的长期区间预测结果图。
图5(c)为本发明方法对#1焦炉煤气使用量的长期区间预测结果图。
图中的MVE指均值-方差估计(Mean-Variance Estimation)
为了更好地理解本发明的技术路线和实施方案,下面以国内钢铁工业自动化水平较高的上海宝山钢铁厂副产煤气系统做进一步说明。由附图1所示的宝钢煤气系统示意图可看出,四座高炉、六座焦炉和六座转炉构成了三种主要副产煤气的发生单元,而消耗单元则包括冷/热轧、烧结等,其中低压锅炉和电厂常作为可调节单元。管网内还包含多座煤气柜,起到暂存和缓冲的作用。此外,煤气混合站和加压站作为输配系统,负责将煤气压送至各消耗单元。在日常生产中,维持产消平衡既可以保障生产的顺利进行,也有助于达成节能减排的目标,因此是能源调度人员的工作重点。由于副产煤气网络复杂,遍布炼铁、炼钢、轧钢等多个生产区域,具有非线性、大时滞等显著特点,能源调度人员难以准确判断产消量的未来趋势。本发明即针对此问题,开展副产煤气产消量的预测方法研究与应用工作。
本发明的具体实施步骤如下:
步骤1:数据预处理
从工业现场实时关系数据库,读取副产煤气系统发生和消耗单元数据,并做基本的除噪、滤波和填补等预处理工作。
步骤2:FCM
将数据分割为数段等长度的片段,即Z={z
1,z
2,…,z
N},其中
n代表每个数据段所含数据点个数,N则为数据段个数。应用FCM聚类算法,获得聚类中心V={v
1,v
2,…,v
c}和对应隶属度U={u
1,u
2,…,u
N},其中
c是聚类中心维度。
步骤3:建立多层次粒度计算模型
如附图1所示,由下至上逐层次地对聚类中心V={v
1,v
2,…,v
c}分配信息粒度α
i,j和β
i,其中i=1,2,…,m,j=1,2,…,n
i,且n
1≠n
2≠…≠n
m。如此即可将聚类中心由点值延展为 区间值。为优化求解上述信息粒度参数,首先定义覆盖性cov和专一性spec两个衡量指标如下:
信息粒度模型的优化目标是使得(1)和(2)均取极大值,其中cov至少应等于目标置信度(1-ρ)×100%,ρ∈[0,1]是显著水平。为避免求解多目标问题的困难与繁琐,本发明将(1)作为约束条件考虑,即cov必须大于或等于目标置信区间。信息粒度的优化顺序与分配顺序相反,各层优化模型建立如下:
①第二层
其中,range
(2)指第二层对应数据样本的最大值与最小值之差,
z
i
(2)表示第二层所得区间结果的上下限;ε是控制总体信息粒度的超参数;
和
用来控制β
i,以使其不至于过分偏离ε;
是类似λ
i的标识变量,即当第二层所得区间覆盖样本的数据点时为1,否则为0。
②第一层
与第二层仅处理一个优化问题不同,第一层要计算合计为m个的一系列优化问题,其中任意一个可表述如下:
考虑到收敛性和求解速度,本发明运用差分进化(Differential Evolution,DE)算法求解上述优化问题。需要特别指出的是,第一层的各个优化问题之间相互独立,因此本发明采用并 行策略处理,如此便可较大程度地缩短计算时间,以符合现场对于实时性的要求。
步骤4:长期区间预测
基于粒度计算的长期区间预测本质上是预测模糊隶属度,即
其中
为隶属度预测值,
是隶属度矩阵U的一部分,n
I表示隶属度关系的输入个数。本发明将通过概率估计实现隶属度的预测。为便于理解,以下定义及叙述以点形式给出,。首先定义粒度计算框架下的聚类中心概率
数据段概率
和共生矩阵
如下:
其中,
是聚类中心矩阵V中的一部分,
是数据片段集合Z中的一部分;
是标识型变量,即考虑
分别是隶属度
中的元素,且{h1,h2,…,hn
I}∈[1,c]),当满足h1=i1,…,hn
I=in
I时为1,否则为0;p(v
i|v
j)是条件概率,即当
的最大隶属度出现在聚类中心集合
时,z
k的最大隶属度出现在v
i的概率。
步骤5:模型结构参数的强化学习
本发明将多层次粒度计算的模型结构确定问题看做单步马尔科夫决策过程,进而采用蒙特卡洛方法,强化学习包括m和n
i(i=1,2,…,m)在内的结构参数。首先定义状态S、动作A和奖赏R如下:
S–确定的多层次粒度计算模型结构
A–变更参数m和n
i(i=1,2,…,m)
R–所得预测区间的spec
由于待确定结构参数数量较庞大,本发明采用梯度下降近似函数策略,学习策略值函数π
ω(s,a)。设π
ω(s,a)为多层感知机神经网络:
π
ω(s,a)=f(ω
T·φ(s,a)+b) (9)
其中,φ(s,a)是表征状态-动作对的特征向量,本发明定义为φ(s,a)=(m,n
1,n
2,…,n
m)
T;b表示多层感知机的偏置量,f表示激活函数,本发明采用的是sigmoid函数。
定义可导的性能函数如下:
其中,τ表示变化步长,γ是贴现因子,r
t是t时刻获得的奖赏,即:
设结构参数的搜索空间维度为L,模型参数确定过程可总结如下:
②取t=1到l,利用步骤四表述过程循环先后计算(12)和(11),获得学习到的策略值函数参数ω
opt,考虑到问题的相互独立性,此步中(12)的计算可借助并行策略加速;
③取t=1到L,计算(9),选取其中策略值函数最大值对应的特征向量φ
opt(s,a)为最优结构参数,即:
④利用获得最优结构参数,再次计算(3)-(8),即可获得最终的长期区间预测结果。
由以上过程可以看出,本发明一方面将信息粒度分层次分配和并行优化,在提高运算效率的同时保证预测精度;另一方面还通过强化学习方式,自适应地确定多层粒度计算的结构参数。
图4、图5分别是针对#2高炉煤气发生量、#1焦炉煤气发生量的长期区间预测结果,预测时长为480个点,即8个小时,其中(a)为统计学中的均值-方差估计(Mean-VarianceEstimation,MVE)方法,(b)为一般的单层粒度计算长期区间预测模型,(c)则是本发明方法。虚线为真实值,灰色带状区域为构造的预测区间。表1给出预测区间精度及运算效率比较,衡量指标包括预测区间覆盖率(Prediction Intervals Coverage Probability,PICP)、正则化平均区间宽度(Prediction Intervals Normalized Average Width,PINAW)、区间得分(Interval Score,IS)以及计算耗时(ComputingTime,CT),其中PICP、PINAW和IS的定义如下:
其中,T
test是测试集所含数据点总数,λ
i为标识变量,当测试集中的数据点在预测区间内时λ
i=1,否则λ
i=0;
和
z
i分别是预测区间上下限;测试集中的极大值、极小值分别是d
max和d
min;e
i是个分段定义变量:
其中,d
i是测试集中的数据点,实验中取显著水平ρ=0.1。综合图表结果可以明显看出,本发明在精度表现和运算效率上均优于其它工业常用的区间预测方法。
表1 三种方法在单次长期区间预测的精度及耗时结果比较
Claims (1)
- 一种钢铁煤气系统长期区间预测及其结构学习方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:步骤1:数据预处理从工业现场实时关系数据库,读取副产煤气系统发生和消耗单元数据,并做基本的除噪、滤波和填补;步骤2:FCM将步骤1读取的数据分割为数段等长度的片段,即Z={z 1,z 2,…,z N},其中 n代表每个数段所含数据点个数,N则为数段个数;应用FCM聚类算法,获得聚类中心V={v 1,v 2,…,v c}和对应隶属度U={u 1,u 2,…,u N},其中 c是聚类中心维度;步骤3:建立多层次粒度计算模型由下至上逐层次地对聚类中心矩阵V={v 1,v 2,…,v c}分配信息粒度α i,j和β i,其中i=1,2,…,m;j=1,2,…,n i;且n 1≠n 2≠…≠n m;如此即将聚类中心由点值延展为区间值;为优化求解上述信息粒度参数,首先定义覆盖性cov和专一性spec两个衡量指标如下:信息粒度模型的优化目标是使得覆盖性cov和专一性spec均取极大值,其中cov至少等于目标置信度(1-ρ)×100%,ρ∈[0,1]是显著水平;将式(1)作为约束条件考虑,即cov必须大于或等于目标置信区间;信息粒度的优化顺序与分配顺序相反,各层优化模型建立如下:(1)第二层其中,range (2)指第二层对应数据样本的最大值与最小值之差, 表示第二层所得区间结果的上限和下限;ε是控制总体信息粒度的超参数; 和 用来控制β i,以使其不至于过分偏离ε; 是类似λ i的标识变量,即当第二层所得区间覆盖样本的数据点时为1,否则为0;(2)第一层与第二层仅处理一个优化问题不同,第一层要计算合计为m个的一系列优化问题,其中任意一个表述如下:步骤4:长期区间预测基于粒度计算的长期区间预测本质上是预测模糊隶属度,即 其中 为隶属度预测值, 是隶属度矩阵U的一部分,n I表示隶属度关系的输入个数;将通过概率估计实现隶属度的预测;为便于理解,以下定义及叙述以点形式给出,首先定义粒度计算框架下的聚类中心概率 数据段概率 和共生矩阵 如下:其中, {i1,i2,…,in I}∈[1,c],是聚类中心矩阵V中的一部分; 是数据片段集合Z中的一部分; 是标识型变量,即考虑 分别是隶属度 中的元素,且{h1,h2,…,hn I}∈[1,c];当满足h1=i1,…,hn I=in I时为1,否则为0;p(v i|v j)是条件概率,即当 的最大隶属度出现在聚类中心集合 时,z k的最大隶属度出现在v i的概率;步骤5:模型结构参数的强化学习将多层次粒度计算的模型结构确定问题看做单步马尔科夫决策过程,进而采用蒙特卡洛方法,强化学习包括m和n i,i=1,2,…,m在内的结构参数;首先定义状态S、动作A和奖赏R如下:S为确定的多层次粒度计算模型结构;A为变更参数m和n i,i=1,2,…,m;R为所得预测区间的spec;由于待确定结构参数数量较庞大,采用梯度下降近似函数策略,学习策略值函数π ω(s,a);设π ω(s,a)为多层感知机神经网络:π ω(s,a)=f(ω T·φ(s,a)+b) (9)其中,φ(s,a)是表征状态-动作对的特征向量,定义为φ(s,a)=(m,n 1,n 2,…,n m) T;b表示多层感知机的偏置量,f表示激活函数,本发明采用的是sigmoid函数;定义可导的性能函数如下:其中,τ表示变化步长,γ是贴现因子,r t是t时刻获得的奖赏,即:设结构参数的搜索空间维度为L,模型参数确定过程总结如下:(2)取t=1~l,利用步骤四表述过程循环先后计算(12)和(11),获得学习到的策略值函数参数ω opt,考虑到问题的相互独立性,此步中(12)的计算借助并行策略加速;(3)取t=1~l,计算(9),选取其中策略值函数最大值对应的特征向量φ opt(s,a)为最优结构参数,即:(4)利用获得最优结构参数,再次计算(3)-(8),即获得最终的长期区间预测结果。
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| CN118377777A (zh) * | 2024-06-20 | 2024-07-23 | 无锡东雄重型电炉有限公司 | 一种获取炼钢过程中工序数据的方法及系统 |
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