WO2020048094A1 - 一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法 - Google Patents

一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020048094A1
WO2020048094A1 PCT/CN2019/075861 CN2019075861W WO2020048094A1 WO 2020048094 A1 WO2020048094 A1 WO 2020048094A1 CN 2019075861 W CN2019075861 W CN 2019075861W WO 2020048094 A1 WO2020048094 A1 WO 2020048094A1
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Prior art keywords
filling material
pillar
material wall
width
room
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周楠
刘恒凤
李猛
武中亚
张吉雄
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Priority to US16/763,426 priority Critical patent/US11021954B2/en
Priority to AU2019333944A priority patent/AU2019333944B2/en
Publication of WO2020048094A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020048094A1/zh
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
    • E21F15/04—Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
    • E21D15/48—Chocks or the like
    • E21D15/483—Chocks or the like made of flexible containers, e.g. inflatable, with or without reinforcement, e.g. filled with water, backfilling material or the like

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of coal pillar recovery, and particularly relates to a method for recovering an external support alternative room coal pillar, and is particularly suitable for the recovery and recovery of a room coal pillar with a width to height ratio of less than 0.6 which is left over from coal mining.
  • Room-type coal pillar mining is widely used in northwestern China, and is mainly concentrated in mining areas where the resources of Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi are widely distributed, geological structures are simple, and coal seams are shallow.
  • the room coal pillar mining method has the advantages of low production cost, high efficiency, and easy management, but the coal recovery rate is low, and the coal pillar is at risk of chain instability.
  • the safe recovery of room coal pillars can improve the utilization of coal resources and prevent serious disasters caused by coal pillar instability.
  • the present invention provides a method for recovering an external support alternative room coal pillar with simple operation and high resource recovery rate.
  • the external support alternative room coal pillar recovery method method includes the following steps: in the process of recovering room coal pillars with an aspect ratio of less than 0.6, using single pillar hanging bag method A cement-filled material wall is poured within a certain width around the column, and the room-type coal pillar resources are recovered under the condition that the cement-filled material wall supports the overburden. After the mining is completed, the cement-filled material is used to fill the mined area of the room-type coal pillar to be cemented. Monomer pillars are recovered after the filling material has solidified and stabilized.
  • An external support alternative room coal pillar recovery method includes the following steps:
  • the aspect ratio of the room coal pillar is less than 0.6.
  • step 1) based on the Winkler beam theory, a mechanical model of the cementing filling material wall alone supporting the covering rock stage is established, and the displacement and force of the roof of the cementing filling material wall during the supporting stage are obtained; A strength theory and the criterion of the ultimate strength of the cemented filling material wall are obtained to obtain the theoretical pouring width of the cemented filling material wall.
  • x distance from any point on the foundation surface to the origin of the half-plane coordinate, m;
  • the parameters d 1 to d 12 can be obtained;
  • M 1 (x), M 2 (x), and M 3 (x) refspectively x in [0, a], [a, a + b], [a + b, a + b + c] Bending moment of section roof, m;
  • the remaining width b of the cemented filling material wall must satisfy both the first strength theory and the ultimate strength theory of the roof, that is, the minimum remaining width b 1 and the minimum strength theory under the conditions of the first strength theory of the roof are simultaneously satisfied.
  • Leave the width b 2 specific steps are as follows: d and e:
  • the minimum reserved width b 1 of the reserved coal pillars under the theoretical condition of the first strength of the roof can be obtained according to the judgment condition of formula (v);
  • the width b 2 of the cemented filling material wall under the theoretical condition of ultimate strength should satisfy itself without damage. According to the theory of ultimate strength, it should satisfy:
  • the minimum remaining width of the cement-filled material wall under the theoretical condition of ultimate strength is b 2 ;
  • step 2) the continuous coal mining machine is used to mine the room coal pillar, and the mined coal is transported to the belt conveyor by a forklift, and the belt conveyor is transported out of the mining area.
  • step 3 the plugging wall is piled to seal the gap of the cementing filling material wall, and the filling pump is used to pump the cementing filling material to the wall surrounded by the cementing filling material wall through a pumping port left on the wall by using a filling pump. Gob area is filled.
  • an external support alternative room coal pillar recovery method provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for a legacy coal pillar with an aspect ratio of less than 0.6 after room mining Safe, efficient and low-cost recycling.
  • This external support alternative room coal pillar recovery method uses cemented filling material to replace the original coal pillar support overburden, which has better support performance than the original coal pillar and is more conducive to the overburden in the room coal pillar area. Maintaining stability can prevent spontaneous combustion of the coal seam and prevent the rise of water-conducting fissures, protect the overlying aquifer, and protect the surface ecological environment.
  • the invention is reliable, safe, and economical, and has broad application prospects.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the layout of a coal mining face of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the recovered state of the external support alternative room coal pillar of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of calculating a width of a reserved coal pillar according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a mechanical model of the cemented filling material wall of the present invention during the support and overburden stage
  • FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of the bending moment of the roof of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a compression curve diagram of the cemented filling material wall of the present invention.
  • the invention discloses an external support alternative room coal pillar recovery method.
  • a single pillar hanging bag method is used to deposit a cement material wall around a room coal pillar with an aspect ratio of less than 0.6.
  • the room coal pillar resource is recovered.
  • the cemented filling material is used to fill the mined area of the room coal pillar, and the monomer pillar is recovered after the cemented filling material solidifies and stabilizes.
  • the Winkler beam theory establishes a mechanical model of the cementing filling material wall during the separate support overburden stage, and obtains the displacement and stress of the roof in the cementing filling material wall during the support phase.
  • the theoretical pouring width of the cemented filling material wall is obtained.
  • the method can effectively recover the leftover coal pillars of room mining, reduce the waste of coal resources, and achieve the stability of the overlying rocks above the coal pillars, avoiding a series of safety problems.
  • FIG. 1 An external support alternative room coal pillar recovery method of the present invention: as shown in FIG. 1, the coal mining working surface is arranged in a plan view. During recovery of the room coal pillar with an aspect ratio greater than 0.6, the wall is filled with cemented filling material. (3) Calculation results of the mechanical model during the support overburden stage. A cemented filling material wall (3) is poured within a certain width around the room coal pillar (1), as shown in Figure 2, and the gap of the cemented filling material wall is left.
  • the continuous coal miner (7) is used to recover the room coal pillar (1), and the mined coal is transported to the belt conveyor by a forklift (8), where The belt conveyor (9) is transported out of the mining area; after the mining is completed, the blocking wall (6) is piled to block the gap (5) of the cement filling material wall, the goaf area is filled with the cement filling material, and the filling material is to be cemented (4) After the solidification is stable, the recovered monomer pillar (2) is used for the mining of the next room coal pillar (1).
  • the process of calculating the width of the cement filling material wall (3) is as follows:
  • the acting force is set to uniformly distributed load q
  • the foundation coefficient of the cemented filling material wall (3) is k
  • the distance between adjacent small room coal pillars (1) is c
  • the width of the cemented filling material wall (3) is set to b.
  • the width of the coal pillar (1) is set to a
  • the total width of the room coal pillar is 2a
  • the differential curve differential equation of each section of the roof in the analyzed area is:
  • x distance from any point on the foundation surface to the origin of the half-plane coordinate, m;
  • d 1 , d 2 , d 3 , and d 4 . . . d 12 constant coefficient.
  • the parameters d 1 to d 12 can be obtained.
  • the width b of the cemented filling material wall (3) must satisfy both the first strength theory and the ultimate strength theory of the roof, that is, the minimum reserved width b 1 greater than or equal to the first strength theory condition of the roof and the minimum under the theoretical condition of the ultimate strength are simultaneously satisfied.
  • the top plate is simplified as a simple supported beam with an evenly distributed load q and a supporting load with width b 1 at the bottom.
  • the stress is:
  • the minimum value of the reserved coal pillar (2) under the theoretical condition of the first strength of the roof can be obtained according to the judgment condition of formula (v). Leave the width b 1 .
  • ⁇ p The ultimate strength of the cement-filled wall, MPa.
  • the minimum remaining width of the cementitious filling material wall (3) under the theoretical condition of ultimate strength is b 2 .
  • the roof thickness of the mine is 2m
  • mining height is 4m
  • coal pillar length is 2m
  • coal house length is 10m
  • roof elastic modulus is 0.9GPa
  • cement filling material wall foundation The coefficient is 1.5 ⁇ 10 6 N / m 3
  • the allowable tensile stress of the roof is 2.8 MPa
  • the ultimate strength of the cement filling material wall is 39 MPa
  • the uniform load q 2 MPa is taken.
  • formula (v) when the width of the cement filling material wall is 3m, the distribution of the bending moment of the roof is shown in Figure 5.
  • the maximum tensile stress value of the roof is 2.2MPa, and the roof will not break, and the cement filling is plotted.
  • the pressure curve of the material wall is shown in Fig. 6. According to formula (vi), the total force of the wall of the cementing filling material at this time reaches 16.2Mpa.
  • the current width of the filling material wall (3) is set to meet the limit strength theory while cementing filling The material wall (3) will not break.

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Abstract

一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，在回收房式煤柱过程中，利用单体支柱（2）挂袋方式在宽高比小于0.6的房式煤柱（1）周围浇筑胶结材料墙（3），在胶结充填材料（4）墙支护覆岩条件下回采房式煤柱资源，待回采结束后，利用胶结充填材料充填房式煤柱采空区域，待胶结充填材料凝固稳定后回收单体支柱；基于温克尔梁理论建立胶结充填材料墙单独支护覆岩阶段的力学模型，得出胶结充填材料墙支护阶段顶板的位移及受力情况。根据顶板第一强度理论与胶结充填材料墙极限强度判别准则，得到胶结充填材料墙的理论浇筑宽度。本方法可有效回收房式开采遗留煤柱，减少煤炭资源的浪费，且能够实现煤柱上方覆岩保持稳定，避免一系列安全问题的发生。

Description

一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法 技术领域
本发明属于煤柱回收技术领域，具体涉及一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，尤其适用于煤矿采煤遗留的宽高比小于0.6的房式煤柱替代支护回收。
背景技术
房式煤柱开采在我国西北部地区应用比较广泛，主要集中在陕西、内蒙古、陕西等省份的资源分布较广、地质构造简单、煤层赋存浅的矿区。房式煤柱开采方法具有生产成本低、高效、易管理等优点，但是煤炭采出率低，煤柱存在连锁失稳致灾危险。房式煤柱的安全回收可以提高煤炭资源的利用率，防止煤柱失稳造成严重的灾害事故。
国内传统的煤柱回收方式包括劈柱式回收与仓翼式回收等，这些回收方式效率较低，机械化程度不高；而现有的充填回收煤柱方式，如综合机械化充填回收和抛料充填回收等方式设备和充填物料投入较高，难以普及。
所以，开发一种新型、安全、高效、经济的房式煤柱回收方法已经成为一项亟待解决的重大难题。
发明内容
发明目的：为了实现房式开采后遗留煤柱的安全高效与低成本回收，本发明提供一种操作简单、资源回收率高的外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
本发明中，所述的外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法方法，包括如下步骤：在回收宽高比小于0.6的房式煤柱过程中，利用单体支柱挂袋方式在房式煤柱周围一定宽度范围内浇筑胶结充填材料墙，在胶结充填材料墙支护覆岩条件下回采房式煤柱资源，待回采结束后，利用胶结充填材料充填房式煤柱采空区域，待胶结充填材料凝固稳定后回收单体支柱。
一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，包括以下步骤：
1)利用单体支柱挂袋方式在房式煤柱外围浇筑胶结充填材料墙，并预留开设有一胶结充填材料墙缺口；
2)在胶结充填材料墙支护覆岩条件下，通过胶结充填材料墙缺口，对内部的房式煤柱进行回采；
3)房式煤柱开采完毕后，封堵胶结充填材料墙缺口，向胶结充填材料墙所围采空区内注入胶结充填材料进行充填；
4)待胶结充填材料凝固稳固后，回收单体支柱。
进一步的，所述房式煤柱的宽高比小于0.6。
进一步的，步骤1)中，基于温克尔梁理论建立胶结充填材料墙单独支护覆岩阶段的力学模型，得出胶结充填材料墙支护阶段顶板的位移及受力情况；并根据顶板第一强度理论与胶结充填材料墙极限强度判别准则，得到胶结充填材料墙的理论浇筑宽度。
进一步的，所述的胶结充填材料墙的宽度计算方法流程如下：
a、截取房式煤柱半平面进行分析，将顶板所受上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q，胶结充填材料墙的地基系数为k，相邻小型房式煤柱间距为c，胶结充填材料墙宽度设置为b，房式煤柱的宽度设置为a，则房式煤柱总宽度为2a，所分析区域内部顶板各段挠曲线微分方程为：
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000001
式中，EI—抗弯刚度，N/m；
x—地基表面任一点至半平面坐标原点距离，m；
ω 1(x),ω 2(x),ω 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的挠度，m；
b、求解公式(i)令
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000002
可得顶板的挠曲线方程：
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000003
式中，d 1,d 2,d 3,d 4。。。d 12—常数系数；
根据模型连续性条件及对称性边界条件，可解得参数d 1～d 12；
c、求解得到顶板的弯矩方程：
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000004
式中，M 1(x)、M 2(x)、M 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的弯矩，m；
胶结充填材料墙的留设宽度b要同时满足顶板第一强度理论与极限强度理论，即同时满足大于或等于顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1和极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2；具体如以下d、e步骤：
d、将顶板简化为上覆均布载荷q、底部受宽度为b 1的支撑载荷的简支梁，分析得知，顶板所受最大弯矩M max发生在梁跨度中间偏离底部支撑载荷一侧，距模型原点x m＝a+b 1+3EI·d 9/q处，其值可由式(iii)中M 3(x m)求得，则根据矩形截面梁理论，求得顶板最大拉应力为：
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000005
式中，h—顶板高度，m；
根据顶板第一强度理论，要使顶板不发生断裂，则应满足：
σ max≤[σ t]    (v)
式中，[σ t]—顶板许用拉应力，MPa；
已知相邻房式煤柱间距c与房式煤柱宽度为2a，根据式(v)判断条件即可求得预留煤柱在顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1；
e、同时胶结充填材料墙在极限强度理论条件下的宽度b 2应满足自身不破坏，根据极限强度理论，应满足：
σF≤σ P     (vi)
式中，σ—作用在充填材料墙上的力
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000006
k—安全系数，取2；
σ p—胶结充填材料墙的极限强度，MPa；
由公式(vi)求得胶结充填材料墙在极限强度理论条件下最小留设宽度为b 2；
f、求得胶结充填材料墙的留设宽度b＝max{b 1，b 2}。
进一步的，步骤2)中，采用连续采煤机对房式煤柱进行回采，采出煤炭通过铲车运至带式输送机上，由带式输送机运出采区。
进一步的，步骤3)中，堆砌封堵墙封堵胶结充填材料墙缺口，利用充填泵通过封堵墙上所留设的泵送口将胶结充填材料泵送至胶结充填材料墙所围成的采空区域进行充填。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，与现有技术相比，具有以下优势：本发明尤其适用于房式开采后宽高比小于0.6的遗留煤柱的安全高效、低成本回收。这种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法利用胶结充填材料代替原有煤柱支护覆岩，与原有煤柱相比支护性能更好，更有利于房式煤柱区域覆岩保持稳定，可以防止煤层发生自燃同时能够防止导水裂隙升高，实现对上覆含水层的保护，保护地表生态环境。此发明可靠、安全、经济，具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明的采煤工作面布置平面图；
图2是本发明的外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收状态平面图；
图3是本发明的预留煤柱的宽度的计算流程图；
图4是本发明的胶结充填材料墙在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型；
图5是本发明的顶板弯矩分布图；
图6是本发明的胶结充填材料墙受压曲线图。
图中：1-房式煤柱；2-单体支柱；3-胶结充填材料墙；4-胶结充填材料；5-胶结充填材料墙缺口；6-封堵墙；7-连续采煤机；8-铲车；9-带式输送机。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，在回收房式煤柱过程中，利用单体支柱挂袋方式在宽高比小于0.6的房式煤柱周围浇筑胶结材料墙，在胶结充填材料墙支护覆岩条件下回采房式煤柱资源，待回采结束后，利用胶结充填材料充填房式煤柱采空区域，待胶结充填材料凝固稳定后回收单体支柱；基于温克尔梁理论建立胶结充填材料墙单独支护覆岩阶段的力学模型，得出胶结充填材料墙支护阶段顶板的位移及受力情况。根据顶板第一强度理论与胶结充填材料墙极限强度判别准则，得到胶结充填材 料墙的理论浇筑宽度。本方法可有效回收房式开采遗留煤柱，减少煤炭资源的浪费，且能够实现煤柱上方覆岩保持稳定，避免一系列安全问题的发生。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
本发明的一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法：如图1所示的采煤工作面布置平面图，在回收宽高比大于0.6的房式煤柱过程中，根据胶结充填材料墙(3)在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型计算结果在房式煤柱(1)周围一定宽度范围内浇筑胶结充填材料墙(3)，如图2所示，并留设胶结充填材料墙缺口(5)，待胶结充填材料墙(3)凝固稳定后，采用连续采煤机(7)回采房式煤柱(1)，采出煤炭通过铲车(8)运至带式输送机上，由带式输送机(9)运出采区；回采结束后，堆砌封堵墙(6)封堵胶结充填材料墙缺口(5)，利用胶结充填材料充填采空区域，待胶结充填材料(4)凝固稳定后，回收单体支柱(2)用于下一房式煤柱(1)的开采。
如图3所示，所述的胶结充填材料墙(3)宽度计算方法流程如下：
a、截取房式煤柱(1)半平面进行分析，根据如图4(a)、(b)所示的胶结充填材料墙在支护覆岩阶段的力学模型，将顶板所受上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q，胶结充填材料墙(3)的地基系数为k，相邻小型房式煤柱(1)间距为c，胶结充填材料墙(3)宽度设置为b，房式煤柱(1)的宽度设置为a，房式煤柱总宽度为2a，所分析区域内部顶板各段挠曲线微分方程为：
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000007
式中，EI—抗弯刚度，N/m；
x—地基表面任一点至半平面坐标原点距离，m；
ω 1(x),ω 2(x),ω 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的挠度，m；
b、求解公式(i)令
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000008
可得顶板的挠曲线方程：
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000009
式中，d 1,d 2,d 3,d 4。。。d 12—常数系数。
根据模型连续性条件及对称性边界条件，可解得参数d 1～d 12。
c、进而求解得到顶板的弯矩方程：
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000010
式中，M 1(x)、M 2(x)、M 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的弯矩，m。
胶结充填材料墙(3)的宽度b要同时满足顶板第一强度理论与极限强度理论，即同时满足大于或等于顶板第一强度理论条件的最小留设宽度b 1和极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2；具体如以下d、e步骤：
d、将顶板简化为上覆均布载荷q、底部受宽度为b 1的支撑载荷的简支梁，分析可知，顶板所受最大弯矩M max发生在梁跨度中间偏离底部支撑载荷一侧，距模型原点(x m＝a+b 1+3EI·d 9/q)处，其值可由式(iii)中M 3(x m)求得，则根据矩形截面梁理论，求得顶板最大拉应力为：
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000011
式中，h—顶板高度，m；
根据据第一强度理论，要使顶板不发生断裂，则应满足：
σ max≤[σ t]     (v)
式中，[σ t]—顶板许用拉应力，MPa；
已知相邻房式煤柱(1)间距c与房式煤柱宽度为2a，根据式(v)判断条件即可求得预留煤柱(2)在顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1。
e、同时胶结充填材料墙(3)在极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2应满足自身不破坏，根据极限强度理论，应满足：
σF≤σ P     (vi)
式中，σ—作用在充填材料墙上的力
Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-000012
k—安全系数，取2；
σ p—胶结充填材料墙的极限强度，MPa。
由公式(vi)求得胶结充填材料墙(3)在极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度为b 2。
最终，可得胶结充填材料墙(3)真正留设宽度b＝max{b 1，b 2}。
实施例
运用以上求解方法，结合西北地区某矿地质条件为例，该矿顶板厚度2m、采高4m、煤柱长度为2m、煤房长度为10m、顶板弹性模量为0.9GPa、胶结充填材料墙地基系数1.5×10 6N/m 3、顶板许用拉应力2.8MPa、胶结充填材料墙极限强度39MPa，取均布载荷q＝2MPa。经式(v)判断，当胶结充填材料墙宽度取3m时，顶板弯矩分布如图5所示，此时顶板所受最大拉应力值为2.2MPa，顶板不会破断，并绘制出胶结充填材料墙受压曲线图，见图6，通过式(vi)可知，此时作用胶结充填材料墙上的合力达到16.2Mpa，当前充填材料墙(3)留设宽度同时满足极限强度理论，胶结充填材料墙(3)同样不会破坏。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    1)利用单体支柱(2)挂袋方式在房式煤柱(1)外围浇筑胶结充填材料墙(3)，并预留开设有一胶结充填材料墙缺口(5)；
    2)在胶结充填材料墙(3)支护覆岩条件下，通过胶结充填材料墙缺口(5)，对内部的房式煤柱(1)进行回采；
    3)房式煤柱(1)开采完毕后，封堵胶结充填材料墙缺口(5)，向胶结充填材料墙(3)所围采空区内注入胶结充填材料(4)进行充填；
    4)待胶结充填材料(4)凝固稳固后，回收单体支柱(2)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：所述房式煤柱(1)的宽高比小于0.6。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中，基于温克尔梁理论建立胶结充填材料墙单独支护覆岩阶段的力学模型，得出胶结充填材料墙支护阶段顶板的位移及受力情况；并根据顶板第一强度理论与胶结充填材料墙极限强度判别准则，得到胶结充填材料墙(3)的理论浇筑宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：所述的胶结充填材料墙(3)的宽度计算方法流程如下：
    a、截取房式煤柱(1)半平面进行分析，将顶板所受上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q，胶结充填材料墙(3)的地基系数为k，相邻小型房式煤柱(1)间距为c，胶结充填材料墙(3)宽度设置为b，房式煤柱(1)的宽度设置为a，则房式煤柱总宽度为2a，所分析区域内部顶板各段挠曲线微分方程为：
    Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-100001
    式中，EI—抗弯刚度，N/m；
    x—地基表面任一点至半平面坐标原点距离，m；
    ω 1(x),ω 2(x),ω 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的挠度，m；
    b、求解公式(i)令
    Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-100002
    可得顶板的挠曲线方程：
    Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-100003
    式中，d 1,d 2,d 3,d 4。。。d 12—常数系数；
    根据模型连续性条件及对称性边界条件，可解得参数d 1～d 12；
    c、求解得到顶板的弯矩方程：
    Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-100004
    式中，M 1(x)、M 2(x)、M 3(x)—分别为x在[0,a]、[a,a+b]、[a+b,a+b+c]段顶板的弯矩，m；
    胶结充填材料墙(3)的留设宽度b要同时满足顶板第一强度理论与极限强度理论，即同时满足大于或等于顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1和极限强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 2；具体如以下d、e步骤：
    d、将顶板简化为上覆均布载荷q、底部受宽度为b 1的支撑载荷的简支梁，分析得知，顶板所受最大弯矩M max发生在梁跨度中间偏离底部支撑载荷一侧，距模型原点x m＝a+b 1+3EI·d 9/q处，其值可由式(iii)中M 3(x m)求得，则根据矩形截面梁理论，求得顶板最大拉应力为：
    Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-100005
    式中，h—顶板高度，m；
    根据顶板第一强度理论，要使顶板不发生断裂，则应满足：
    σ max≤[σ t]  (v)
    式中，[σ t]—顶板许用拉应力，MPa；
    已知相邻房式煤柱(1)间距c与房式煤柱宽度为2a，根据式(v)判断条件即可求得预留煤柱(2)的在顶板第一强度理论条件下的最小留设宽度b 1；
    e、同时胶结充填材料墙(3)在极限强度理论条件下的宽度b 2应满足自身不破坏，根据极限强度理论，应满足：
    σF≤σ P  (vi)
    式中，σ—作用在充填材料墙上的力
    Figure PCTCN2019075861-appb-100006
    m；
    k—安全系数，取2；
    σ p—胶结充填材料墙的极限强度，MPa；
    由公式(vi)求得胶结充填材料墙(3)在极限强度理论条件下最小留设宽度为b 2；
    f、求得胶结充填材料墙(3)的留设宽度b＝max{b 1，b 2}。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中，采用连续采煤机(7)对房式煤柱(1)进行回采，采出煤炭通过铲车(8)运至带式输送机(9)上，由带式输送机(9)运出采区。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种外部支护替代式房式煤柱回收方法，其特征在于：步骤3)中，堆砌封堵墙(6)封堵胶结充填材料墙缺口(5)，利用充填泵通过封堵墙(6)上所留设的泵送口将胶结充填材料(4)泵送至胶结充填材料墙(3)所围成的采空区域进行充填。
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