WO2020044211A1

WO2020044211A1 - Method and system of distributing and tracking products and/or services

Info

Publication number: WO2020044211A1
Application number: PCT/IB2019/057177
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lorenzo RICCA
Original assignee: Lorenzo RICCA
Priority date: 2018-08-30
Filing date: 2019-08-27
Publication date: 2020-03-05

Abstract

Method of tracking and distributing products and/or of transferring rights on the products themselves or the like, comprising the steps of providing a univocal identifier for each physical product unit; combining said identifier with said product unit; providing a database system wherein at least some information concerning the origin of the product and/or the production process and/or the production means and/or the storage and/or preservation processes and/or the distribution chain and/or the chain of transactions linked to the transfer of ownership and/or possession and/or relationship and/or use of the product or of one or more units belonging to the same category of a product are recorded, and wherein the database system is a distributed system and is managed through a communication protocol according to the blockchain technology. Object of the invention is also a system wherein the product units of said one or more products are autonomous active units that automatically connect to one or more of the further units of the system via APIs.

Description

Method and system of distributing and tracking products and/or services

Object of the present invention is a method and system of distributing and tracking products and/or services .

Currently, systems of tracking products that operate so as to associate information to a product relatively to the authenticity, origin and entire production and distribution chain, and also information on the use and other related information, are known .

Typically, a passive or active tag is associated with the product, for example a univocal identification code that can be read by a reading device or that transmits messages towards possible receiving units present in the transmission coverage area. This tag constitutes the connection to an information publishing and reading system, such as a website, social website or the like. Examples of active tags are the so-named wireless tags, such as the RFID or beacon tags which are able to house and exchange information through communication protocols with devices configured to recognize, reproduce and publish the information transmitted and/or use it to access information websites. The current use of these tags is combined with traditional information accessing and distributing networks of the centralized type. Moreover, the product to which the tag is applied essentially only and solely remains the physical support for the tag and the relationship between the tag and the product is generated by the physical association.

A technology named Blockchain was developed in the field of computerized transactions.

According to a definition, Blockchain is defined as a communication protocol that identifies a technology based on the logic of the distributed database, i.e. a database in which the data is not stored on a single computer, but on more machines connected to each other, the so-named nodes. The blockchain is thus a chain of blocks that archive between each other a set of transactions validated and correlated by a time marker. Each block includes a so-named hash which consists of a non-reversible computerized algorithmic function that maps a string of arbitrary length into a string of predefined length and that identifies the corresponding block in univocal and unchanging manner by connecting it to the previous block through the identification of the latter.

The Blockchain is a decentralized database that archives assets and transactions on a network of the peer-to-peer type that connects the nodes of the network to each other. It is a public register used to manage data correlated with the transactions present in the blocks and managed through cryptography by the participants of the network, who verify, approve and successively register all the blocks with all the data of each transaction on all the nodes. This data is present on all the nodes and becomes unchangeable, with the exception of an operation which requires the approval of the network ' s nodes .

The blockchain technology is described in a plurality of documents, among which for example the article accessible on the website page https : //www.blockchain4innovation . it/esperti/blockcha in-perche-e-cosi-importante/

published on 06/11/2018.

The blockchain technology has functional characteristics that consist in the decentralization, transparency, security and immutability of the data (with respect to the time markings to which they refer) .

A first object of the present invention is to implement a method and a system of distributing and tracking products and/or services that allows to maximize the level of reliability in the products and/or services purchased and/or recommended by the various actors of the system.

Object of the present invention is to overcome the current design limitations of the methods and systems of tracking products or the like, by first transforming the product into an autonomous entity that interacts with other entities associated thereto or thereto associable so that to carry out or to be able to carry out activities linked to the function of the product and/or to information thereon and/or to the chain of transactions linked to the product.

A further object is to transform the product into an autonomous and independent unit that is able to autonomously connect with a network and to interact therewith so as to exchange information.

In particular, such information can consist in information on the state of the product, such as for example the impending expiry date, storage time, condition of the product itself with regard to its quality and/or functionalities, configurations and characteristics of the product and possibly also to the information received from the network on possible product purchasing and/or use requests different from those for which it was initially intended.

Still a further object is to integrate the product within a tracking system thereof that has a high level of reliability and that is protected against counterfeiting and/or false information and such as to generate trust in users.

A further object provides to improve the tracking system by integrating it with a reliable and secure system of transactions concerning the product, such as for example sales that are different from traditional sales and open to users who are not part of the traditional marketing and distribution system.

Still an object consists in improving the current marketing systems and methods so that to allow decentralization with respect to traditional marketing websites.

A further object consists in improving the aforesaid methods and systems by creating decentralized marketing websites (for example e- commerce) univocally associated with physical products and possibly following them throughout the lifecycle of the product.

According to a first aspect, the object of the present invention is a method of tracking and distributing products or the like, comprising the steps of

Providing a univocal identifier for each physical product unit;

combining said identifier with said product unit;

providing a database system wherein at least some information concerning the origin of the product and/or the production process and/or the production means and/or the storage and/or preservation processes and/or the distribution chain and/or the chain of transactions linked to the transfer of ownership and/or possession and/or relationship and/or use of the product or of one or more units belonging to the same category of a product are recorded, and wherein

the database system is a distributed system and is managed through a communication protocol according to the blockchain technology.

An embodiment provides to access and/or register to the database system for the access to all or at least part of the information loaded and registered therein ;

to access to the Blockchain by acquiring an identification code and/or reading said identification code of at least one unit of at least one product, which constitutes a connecting link to said distributed database.

According to an embodiment, the univocal identification code of the product unit is associated with a "hash" of the identification code that is recorded in the distributed database.

As will become clearer below, the acquisition of the identification code can occur in various ways, for example through direct interaction with a product unit provided with said code or by accessing a link provided by a website or by a social website in which the image of the product unit or at least part thereof provided with said identification code and/or only an identification code appears. According to a further characteristic, the identification code is stored in an electronic tag associated with the product unit.

An embodiment provides that the electronic tag consists of a device named "beacon" that transmits cyclically and at predetermined intervals a radial signal on which the identification code is modulated.

An embodiment variant provides that the electronic tag consists of a RFID-type device or the like, which makes the identification code available via radio query and request by a device acquiring said code .

According to an improvement of the aforesaid method, at least one sensor of at least one chemical and/or physical parameter selected from a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a sensor for detecting product movements, an inertial sensor, a geographical position sensor, a seismic sensor, and acidity sensor, a sensor for preset substances, a clock or a combination of these sensors are physically combined with a product unit, the sensor or sensors being in communication with a control and processing unit provided with at least one memory, and the control and processing unit running a control software that encodes the instructions to carry out the following steps :

cyclically collecting at predetermined time intervals or else continuously collecting the measured values of one or more sensors and storing each of said values and the corresponding cycle index or time instant;

making the data accessible, automatically or on request, to an external reading and/or acquiring device .

According to a further characteristic, which can be provided alternatively or in combination, the measured data of said one or more sensors are published in the blockchain and are univocally associated with the identification code of the product, thanks to which they can be acquired.

Still a variant of the method provides the steps of :

setting and storing at least one threshold value for the measured values of said one or more sensors; comparing the measured values to the corresponding threshold or thresholds ;

generating at least one warning message on the condition of exceeding the threshold or thresholds, possibly combined with information on the effects on the product;

storing said warning, and in combination or alternatively to each other, the steps of:

publishing the warning both on the blockchain and in the information accessible by accessing to the blockchain with the identification code of the product unit or units; actively and, possibly, repeatedly transmitting said warning via radio messages;

making the stored warning accessible on request by a device communicating with said control and processing unit.

According to an improvement, when in combination with at least one sensor for measuring the physical or chemical parameters that describe the condition of the product in the corresponding product unit and/or the exposure of the product and/or of the product unit to conditions that have an effect on the quality thereof, at least one clock is also provided, the measured data being associated with the measuring time instant.

An improvement of the method provides that the time durations of the events, during which the measured parameters have exceeded the value of the corresponding stored threshold or thresholds, are measured.

It is possible to store threshold values even relating to these time durations and to then compare the actually measured time durations of the aforesaid events to the corresponding threshold values by using this data to generate the warning on the product conditions relating to the effects of the events in which the threshold or thresholds have been exceeded.

Still according to a further characteristic of the method, which can be provided in any combination with one or more of the characteristics and/or embodiments and embodiment variants set forth above, the method provides the steps of combining, with each unit of product univocally identified both by its own identification code and through registration and validation by means of the blockchain, the transfer of ownership from a previous holder or institution or person that has the control of the product unit or that held rights on the latter to a new holder and/or institution or person under the control of which said product unit and possibly the corresponding transaction passes, thus making it possible to track the single transfers of ownership and/or even geographical movement of the product units and making it possible to have real-time indication of the holder or person or institution having the control on the single product unit and/or indication of the geographical position of said product unit.

Thanks to this characteristic of the method, it is possible to generate an ordering and purchasing process to order and purchase one units of one or more products through an unconventional marketing chain as for the access to the same units of the product, thereby generating mechanisms for automatically remunerating the owners of the product units that are used by the buyer to access the ordering and purchasing process.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the method, the same provides the steps of:

assigning each product unit identified by a univocal identification code to the person and/or institution that own or control the product unit itself, and recording this origin in the blockchain; allowing the access to an ordering and purchasing system to order and purchase at least one unit of an identical product and/or one or more product units of one or more additional different products linked to, or associated with, said identical product by reading and/or acquiring the identification code of a product unit, thus generating an automatic link to an e-commerce website associated with said identification code and opening said link at the time of reading;

carrying out the ordering and purchasing steps; registering the product unit or units of the product or products purchased in a database and associating said database with the person or institution holding said product unit or units or controlling the product unit or units, whose identification code has been used to access the ordering and purchasing system.

According to an embodiment, the aforesaid database of product units purchased from third parties and associated with the person or institution holding or controlling said product unit or units, whose identification code has been used to access the ordering and purchasing system, is used to calculate amounts to remunerate said person or said institution .

According to an embodiment, the process of registering the product unit or units or products purchased in the database associated with the person or institution holding said unit or units of product or products controls said unit or units of product or products, whose identification code has been used to access to the ordering and purchasing system, is stopped at the first step.

An alternative embodiment provides that the process of registering the purchased unit or units of product or products in the database associated with the person or institution that holds said unit or units of product or products or that controls said unit or units of product, whose identification code has been used to access to the ordering and purchasing system, for at least some people or institutions is also maintained for orders or purchases of further product units generated by reading or acquiring the identification code of at least one unit of at least one product which, in turn, has been purchased or ordered by a user by reading or acquiring the identification code of at least one further unit of at least one different or identical product.

According to an advantageous embodiment, such association or relationship passages between users, institutions or persons holding ownership or possession or association rights of product units, whose identification code has been used by the same users or by new users to access the ownership acquisition, or from the possession or access to rights on further product units associated or related with new users, institutions or persons who have purchased, have acquired the possession or have accessed rights on product units are registered through the Blockchain and the relationships between the product units and users and the transactions carried out are thus certified in a univocal and unchangeable way.

The alternatives mentioned above allow to remunerate, for example, a first private end user who holds a product unit and at whom a further second person or institution accesses the ordering and purchasing system by reading or acquiring the identification code of said product unit at said first end user, thus limiting the remuneration of said first end user only to this first passage. In fact, in addition to the trust generated by registering the transaction through the Blockchain, the same registers chains of rights, also economic, which are generated through the processes of acquiring product units by third parties, or new buyers, while maintaining active the association of products purchased by new users of one or more users or of one or more institutions having active rights on product units whose codes have been used to access the purchasing system.

The alternatives described above also allow to register in the database all of the units of product or products ordered and purchased in the iteration steps of the process of reading or acquiring the product unit codes by a number and whatever succession of product units and users and to consequently remunerate the person or institution associated with said database correspondingly. For example, this is the case of a wholesaler or distributor or a trade organization, as well as of bloggers and influencers .

According to the above, it is clear that the ownership concept according to the present invention must be extended to the more generic ownership concept on the product.

First of all, the ownership, which in particular is the ownership of product units whose codes will possibly be used by others to access the purchasing system of further units of at least one product or products, also different from each other, falls in this definition. Moreover, it also concerns the possession rights of product units which are in fact effectively owned by a user, but which this user manages on behalf of an owner. This also concerns rights deriving from having had a right of ownership or possession on a unit product from which the successive purchasing activities of further product units by other new users derived through the method described above.

These derivative rights consisting in a certified association or relationship via the

Blockchain of the user who had an ownership or possession right on a product unit from which the purchases of further product units, also with these further product units, derived.

As already highlighted above, these derivative rights, certified by registering with the Blockchain, give the possibility to attribute, in a univocal and precise way and without the possibility of illegal actions, economic or equivalent rights for the different transactions of the transaction chain generated by the present method.

It also seems clear how the registration, through Blockchain, of the passages of rights on the product units and/or accesses to rights on new product units acquired generates a condition of trust for users which is also transferred to the characteristics of the product or products themselves and of the organizations who manage the production and successive preservation and distribution chain.

The concept of rights on a product unit is thus more generally a concept of controlling economic activities linked to exchanges whose objects are product units directly or derived from actions initiated by using other product units as an access.

According to the above, a more general form of the inventive concept concerning the reward mechanism for the end consumer, whose product, or product code has been used by at least one further "new" user, i.e. non-registered in the system, to acquire the product identical to the one marked and/or products associated therewith, is clear.

This more general form provides the steps of : ordering a new connected product (named son) via the code of a physical product of origin of another user named father;

Registering, identifying, associating the father product and the potential owner of the son product; simultaneously associating the "ownership" of the "father" product with the "ownership" of the son product ;

validating the ownership by the consumer who acquired the son product and granting a reward to the consumer who is the owner of the father product;

Registering the "ownership" of the new product, i.e. of the son product;

Digitally publishing the son product on the social media and/or blockchain.

The reward mechanism for the end consumer derives from the reward concept that is intimately linked to that of the ownership. He who owns (ownership) the product has the right to recommend a DIGITAL PUBLICATION (POST) on social media, etc., to friends and/or acquaintances, both directly (offline) for example at home between friends or indirectly (online) by sharing a link.

He who purchases the product recommended (according to one of the two methods described above and named offline and/or online) by a friend and/or a third acquaintance, has the right to grant a reward, for example after having effectively ordered, received and probably tried the product. Such reward is not mandatory, but rather optional and along the lines of a tip that is paid at the end of a lunch. Since such reward is not effectively paid by the person itself, but rather by the manufacturer of the product or by the retailer or by other actors of the ecosystem, such system is not a zero sum system from the point of view of the end consumers. The system is designed to stimulate and value recommendations between friends. The default mode is thus always to accept the reward, its refusal being an exception.

Obviously, everything is tracked on the Blockchain so that to always be able to justify the reward payments, (for example, no payment in case of a refusal) . Since the purchase by a friend is not synchronous with the recommendation given, such asynchrony involves the generation of decentralized transactions (on third-party e-Commerces) which give rise to potential rewards. Two situations can appear:

1. the transaction is directly validated by the e-Commerce on our systems. The relationship between the father product (product of he who recommends) and the son product (he who purchases the product according to the recommendation) is known and the approval of the reward payment must simply be validated. This at least for the first time, the reward payment being automatable for the successive times .

2. the transaction is not communicated by the third-party e-Commerces. An internal tracking mechanism allows to suggest, to he who purchases the product, the potential name of the user who owns the father product and to successively validate the reward.

The management of the unique hashes linked to each single product allows to search the user (owner) who owns the single product from which the recommendation originated. The reward can thus be (generally is) linked to the product class (SKU's identified for example by UPC, EAN, etc.) . This allows to make the following suggestion to the users of the platform:

Each time a user recommends a product to a friend and that he accepts the recommendation and thus grants a reward to the user, all purchases made by the friend concerning the product that has the same UPC, EAN, etc. are commissioned. The purchase of a product can possibly generate a reward greater than the price paid for the father product. If the recommendation is given to various friends, this effect is amplified.

Like on Instagram, each user has a list of all those to whom he "pays" rewards and whom have granted a reward to the user himself. The user has always the possibility to stop the reward mechanism with regard to a specific friend. Obviously, such action is communicated to the person. Such communication can have cascade effects for he who ceases to pay the rewards, (retaliation effect).

Nowadays, recommendations are often given without being certain as to whether or not those who made them effectively purchased the product/service . The provision of a "DIGITAL publication step linked to the product on the social media and/or blockchain" in the workflow is provided since it is important to allow the user who registered the ownership of the product to generate a DIGITAL PUBLICATION that can be displayed on the social media and/or third-party websites directly linked to the physical product identified with a unique Hash. This is important because it does not exactly correspond to propagating/sharing on social media, but to preparing a digital publication that is then written on the blockchain so that to be able to track the logic digital publications linked to EFFECTIVELY PURCHASED physical products. The DIGITAL PUBLICATION so constituted, which can be consulted on the Blockchain, allows he who wants to purchase the product to be certain that the recommendation is effectively based on real experiences.

Finally, from a business point of view, it can be said that today the business opportunity is linked to the fact that all communities that consume physical products are rarely identified by the actors of the ecosystem. The reward mechanisms allow to suggest a new DEAL to the end consumer. If you register as a user who owns the product, you potentially have a right to rewards: the consumer data for the rewards.

The data collected goes well beyond that which can be tracked as data by an e-Commerce. Starting from the products themselves, it is possible to consolidate all the visions that e-Commerces in toto could obtain (obviously for all users who accept to receive the rewards) .

The consumers will be able then also proceed with digital publications on more generic social media and reach a wider audience, thus allowing to mix the communities (from the moment a sufficient number of products is present on the platform) . Generally, the manufacturers and the ecosystem will be able then concretely reach and identify wider communities, thus generating even more business opportunities .

The object of the invention concerns a system for tracking and distributing products or the like, including :

A physical medium of an identification code, univocal to each physical unit of product that is physically combined with said product unit;

a distributed database system managed through a communication protocol according to the blockchain technology in a cloud network;

a reading or acquiring device to read said code or acquire said identification code, the device comprising at least one reader or one unit communicating with the physical medium of the identification code of the product unit, at least one unit communicating with the distributed database system, a processing unit with at least one memory and one communication interface to communicate with a user, which is selected from one or more of the following video, voice, graphic, touch interfaces and/or via keyboard;

in said processing unit a program being loaded that encodes the instructions for configuring the processing unit itself for performing the functions of the system;

in the distributed database the information concerning the origin of the product and/or the product unit and/or the production process and/or the production means and/or the storage and/or preservation process and/or the distribution chain and/or the chain of transactions linked to the transfer of rights like ownership and/or possession and/or relationship and/or use rights of the product or of one or more units belonging to the same or different categories of a product that is in the same product unit being loaded, and

the access to the distributed database, i.e. to the Blockchain, takes place by acquiring the identification code and/or by reading said identification code of at least one product unit, the code being a link to said distributed database.

According to an embodiment, the identification code of the product is stored in an electronic device, such as a wireless tag, e.g. an RFID tag or the like, said electronic device comprising at least one control and processing unit with at least one processor and at least one memory for at least one control program of one or more peripherals, at least one communication port to communicate with each of said one or more peripherals, preferably via wireless protocols, said one or more peripherals consisting of sensors for monitoring and/or measuring physical/chemical parameters of the product and/or the environment in which the product is placed, while the control program comprises instructions for configuring the processor so that it performs one or more of the following functions:

storing the measured data;

transmitting the measured data to the blockchain directly and/or via recognition and access by means of a portable device that enters the operating range of the communication means;

registering in the blockchain the data relating to the product and/or the environment in addition to or modification of the previously registered data; transmitting warnings relating to product conditions .

The aforesaid combination of peripherals can be integrated in a single device in the form of integrated chip or can consist of a plurality of devices physically separated and associated with the product, also in different points thereof.

An embodiment can provide that the devices of the aforesaid combination communicate through a wireless communication protocol, for example via a communication by the protocol named Bluetooth® or the like .

In the case of an exemplary embodiment wherein the product consists of a liquid packaged in a product unit consisting of a container such as a bottle or the like, for example olive oil, it is possible to provide, for example in combination with the tag, at least one temperature sensor which can operate outside of the container to detect the outside temperature and/or at least one temperature sensor that can detect the temperature of the product inside of the container, i.e. of the product unit, in addition to the tag that contains the univocal identification code of the product and the product unit associated with the certification hash thereof in the blockchain.

These sensors communicate with the control and processing unit and provide at predetermined time intervals a temperature measure that is recorded and/or stored.

According to an improvement, the control and processing unit comprises a processor and peripheral units, the processor being equipped with a memory in which a program for monitoring the temperature trend of the product is loaded, the program configuring the processor as a comparator of the maximum and minimum threshold temperatures expected for the product, and the measured temperature is compared with the corresponding threshold or thresholds , thus generating a warning about the events in which said thresholds are exceeded.

According to a further embodiment, which can be provided separately or in combination with one or more of the preceding ones, it is possible to provide a clock that associates the conditions detected at time instants at which they were detected and the time duration of determined conditions. With reference to the preceding embodiment, wherein the temperature sensor or sensors , respectively internal and/or external, are provided, the temperature measured is associated with the measuring time instant .

In combination with the presence of a program for comparing the values measured to predetermined threshold values in order to determine the events in which said threshold or thresholds are exceeded, the combination with the clocks and with the steps of detecting the time instant at which they are carried out can be combined with the determination of the duration of the condition in which said threshold or thresholds are exceeded.

Still according to a further characteristic, it is possible to provide and store a threshold value for the duration of the event in which a temperature threshold value is exceeded and said comparator provides to compare the measured duration of the condition in which said threshold is exceeded to the threshold value relative to said duration.

According to a further characteristic, the condition in which one of said thresholds or both of said thresholds of the temperature measured are exceeded and/or in which the duration of the condition in which said threshold or thresholds are exceeded constitutes the command to generate a warning which can simply be stored in an area of the memory of the control and processing unit to be read by accessing it or said warning is communicated and published in the blockchain and is associated with the univocal code of the product unit to be displayed and communicated upon reading or acquiring the identification code of the product encoded in the tag .

Still according to a further variant, said warning can be generated and automatically transmitted by the product unit itself, i.e. by the control and processing unit associated with the product. The transmission can be sent to a database that is part of the blockchain and contained in one or more network servers or in the cloud. In alternative or in combination, the transmission can take place by integrating the warning in the message transmitted by the active tag of the beacon type or the like.

According to the above, it is clear that in addition to the temperature sensors, it is also possible to provide, alternatively or in combination, also other types of sensors to detect the environmental conditions to which a product was exposed, such as for example, humidity sensors, sensors of physical parameters of the product, such as acidity or basicity, and other dimensions. Still according to a further characteristic, the warning message can contain recommended use indications or non-usable product indications depending on the comparisons of the values measured for the one or more different chemical-physical characteristics of the product and/or environment described above.

An embodiment provides to automatically activate the repeated transmission of said warning.

In combination with one or more of the preceding characteristics, the transmitting means can be also be activated alternatively upon command of a mobile device communicating with the tag for reading and/or acquiring the identification code of the product.

With reference to the preceding description, to the one following the exemplary embodiments according to the attached figures and claims, the term product is to be understood in a generalized way and not limitedly to the specific product shown. In particular, in the following description, the example selected is an example for which all of the characteristics described are applied. Other products, for which the method and system according to the present invention are equally applicable, can have different characteristics, thus some of the solutions described or of the different variants described with reference to the specific product example may not be possible or different variants can be selected for other types of products.

Thus, for example, the information on the origin of the product described with reference to the traceability of the oil or the production and storage steps, as well as the distribution of the various lots , do not have any meaning and influence on the characteristics of other types of products and thus that type of information is replaced with different types that are more corresponding and influential on the quality of the product itself.

The possible variants will be denoted by reference to a different product example throughout the detailed description of the examples of the figures attached. Further characteristics and advantages and the possible functional modes, as well as some exemplary embodiments, will become clearer in the following detailed description.

The figures show some exemplary embodiments:

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a general exemplary embodiment of the system according to the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a more detailed level of the exemplary embodiment of figure 1.

Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment wherein the system according to the preceding figures is applied to olive oil bottles.

Figure 4 shows a block diagram of a further improvement of the system according to the present invention, wherein the product assumes a role of an autonomously operative device in the context of the system according to the present invention.

Figures 5 to 12 show practical examples of some graphical communication interfaces of the system in the execution of some functionalities thereof.

Figures 13a, 13b, 14, 15, 16 show the workflow concerting the various steps of the process for rewarding the end consumer whose product was the origin of a purchase of at least one further product by a different further user with respect to the consumer owning said product.

The block diagram of figure 1 shows an example of a possible architecture of the system and method according to the present invention. The boxes of figure 1 show the databases and management processes controlled by specific software and which are carried out by one or more processing units of the conventional type that cooperate with each other in a processing unit network. In particular, the network connection of the different processing units follows the common logic in the blockchains, wherein the network is not organized in a hierarchical way of the client-server type, but is a network of the peer-to- peer type, wherein each node and thus each processor is perfectly equal to all other nodes.

The main motor of the system consists of a so- named blockchain. The blockchain is a known technology as previously mentioned in the introduction and it is possible to refer to the previously denoted link, which describes the technology, for more details. This is not in itself an object of the present invention, and it is thus not described in detail .

110 denotes a Blockchain Process Manger that manages the processes concerning the blockchain 111 with relation to the single members thereof and to the registering of data, as well as to processes for validating thereof.

A module 100, comprising software to control the production and distribution process, cooperates with the blockchain 111 via the blockchain process manager 110. In this example, the product is followed in the distribution chain, but the aforesaid block 100 does not provide to follow the passages of acquiring and/or transferring rights on the products during the distribution chain thereof. In the present example, these are managed by the module 120.

In the example shown, the control software named BPM production keeps track and provides information concerning the product as far as the entire production, preservation and distribution chain of the product itself is concerned, and possibly also concerning the raw materials needed to achieve it, to the blockchain 111 via the blockchain process manager 110.

This is highlighted in the sub-modules 101 and

105.

In an embodiment, the sub-modules 101 and 105 can consist of single databases or database areas in which the information concerning the production, distribution and preservation characteristics of the product and/or of its raw materials are stored. This data or at least part of this data is written in the blockchain 111 by means of the blockchain process manager 110 communicating with the BPM production and distribution. The two software communicate with each other thanks to input/output interface software and according to the processing unit network constituting the infrastructure of the system's hardware.

The information in the databases managed by the BPM production and distribution 100 are provided through the interfaces of one or more processing units connected to the network of processing units that are registered in the blockchain 111 in order to be validated.

The data provided by the sub-modules 101 and 105 is thus written and validated in the blockchain through the process of attributing a univocal hash, both in terms of time and informative content, which process is the one provided in the usual blockchain technology.

Specifically, the sub-modules present in the example are defined with reference to the information on the production and distribution of a generic product. 101 denotes the module, i.e. the corresponding database of the information on the origin of the raw material. In particular, when dealing with raw materials whose specific characteristics are linked to their production site, such as some raw food material and not only food, the information on the origin can also contain information on the geolocation of the origin of the raw material .

From a geolocation point of view, the data concerning the type of raw material , production and/or extraction site is entered in or registered by said module and is registered to be univocally identified, in terms of time and content, in the blockchain 111 which validates its authenticity. Together with this data, each product or raw material treated or each site or production and/or preservation and/or distribution process is univocally identified and registered thanks to a validation via the blockchain 111 in which it is written via the blockchain manager 110.

It is clear how the subdivision into modules only has a logic meaning related to the type of information treated in order to simplify the understanding of the process carried out by the system. The module 102 comprises information that is also univocally identified and validated with the process of writing in the blockchain 111 related to the preservation and distribution chain of the raw material. Such information is correlated with the one relative to the module 101 thanks to the univocal identification of a lot or package of said raw material before always being associated with the further information of a relative module and which association is registered and validated by writing in the blockchain, also with respect to said association between the identification code of the raw material and the identification code of the additional information correlated with the raw material.

The module 103 instead comprises the information on the transformation chain for transforming a raw material into a product. The steps of the processing process, the treatment sites of the product, the technologies used and the specific transformation processes are univocally associated with the raw material or materials used and previously characterized by the information of the databases of the modules 101 and 102 and also with an identification code of the product obtained by the transformation process.

Always like in the preceding cases, the process of writing in the blockchain 111 managed by the manager 110 generates the time validation and information, and associates the information of the single modules .

The module 104 is related to the information database concerning the preservation chain of the product until the end buyer thereof and the module 105 comprises the information related to the distribution chain of the product, from the production site to the acquisition by an end user and can also comprise information on the transfer vectors in the distribution of the product and on the type of transportation means used.

All of this information is also validated by writing in the blockchain 111 and, together with it, also the univocal correlation with an identification code of each single intended product, in particular of each unitary package of a single product with which it is suggested for sale.

With regard to the above, the exemplary embodiment refers to a type of product deriving from a typical manufacturing chain. Such example must not be considered limiting since the architecture of the system and processes described are also applied to other types of products. In such cases, the information of at least some modules will be different. If considering a book for example, the raw material and the processing chain thereof would not be very meaningful, while contents concerning the story, author, inspiration and other information would be more relevant.

With regard to other types of works which imply transforming materials, then some information such as for example the raw materials and/or techniques used and also the authorship of the work would be relevant information .

With regard to the information listed above in the example and variants, not all this information needs to be registered via the Blockchain, but, also in order to reduce the computational burden, the registration and validation via Blockchain would only be carried out for the most critical information or characteristics related to the authenticity of the product .

For example, as will be described with reference to a food product such as olive oil, or to oenological products, the geographical origin and origin from a specific group of plants could be subject to registration via the Blockchain, in case of artistic works, such as for example a sculpture, the registration of the author and/or materials used, in particular when such are valuable, would be considered as information to be validated by registering it in the Blockchain.

Always with reference to figure 1, the blockchain process manager 110 further communicates with a further software, which is denoted by 120 and named BPM ownership authorizations and decentralized transactions management, to control the registering and storing process of the steps for transferring the ownership or possession of the product. By way of generic example, this software controls the information concerning the chain of the ownership or possession authorization passages of predetermined products such as denoted by 121, each of which is univocally identified by the identification code acquired in the previously described process with reference to the BPM production and distribution 100. Moreover, it controls the chain of decentralized transactions between enabled users and concerning the identification and registration of product purchases carried out by accessing the ordering and purchasing process, starting from the product purchased by another user whose identification code is used as a link to access said ordering and purchasing process of the product. Such information is logically identified in the module 122.

Similarly to the information related to the previous control software 100, a process for validating simultaneously the information and the time instant and the univocal association with a product code by writing in the blockchain 111 is also used for this information, thanks to a processor manager 110 communicating with the control software BPM Ownership Authorizations and Decentralized Transactions Management 120. With regard to this module, it is important to precisely define the meaning of the passage of ownership or also of ownership itself.

Thanks to the univocal and unchangeable validation and certification via the Blockchain, it is possible to associate one or more users with one or more product units and to characterize such association with the user's qualification (buyer, distributor, manufacturer, end seller, retailer, supermarket, private client, blogger, influencer, etc.). Moreover, always through the certification and validation via the Blockchain, it is possible to associate each type of user and each user within the context of a type of rights deriving from transactions related to the products that are associated with said users and which rights have precise economic contents and/or are connected to further rights deriving therefrom and which can give place to remunerations .

This will be better explained below with some exemplary embodiments .

The term ownership mentioned above is thus better defined and the term is to be understood as combined rights or rights deriving from a certain type of connection or relationship with one or more product units and/or from an action caused by or having originated from one or more product units.

The content of the term rights is identified in the first instance with the more traditional concept of physical ownership of one or more product units and with the physical possession variants of one or more of said product units or of bare ownership of this or these units, until also including the mere association of a user with one or more product units, which association is correlated with a function of the user with respect to the product unit or units and/or to having the exclusive control of said product unit or units.

The importance of the management of the process via Blockchain is thus clear, since it generates a certified and reliable link between the user and the product unit.

It also generates a certification of the function that the user has or had with respect to the product that is safely tracked via the Blockchain, which confirms the genuineness. In particular, when a new user wants to use the access for purchasing through a product unit under the control of another user, there is no more need to have the direct proof that the latter physically has the product in his hands, as the same certification certifying this user as a buyer and/or user of the product unit certifies the authenticity of the information originating from said user. The trust of the second user who wants to purchase the product by accessing the ordering system of the first user already in possession of a product unit is at this point validated by the mechanism of the Blockchain and by the fact that said first user has effectively purchased and uses the product. Also with reference to the above, a further module 130 comprises the database of the system's user.

According to the example shown, the users are also registered and validated thanks to the process manager 110 that writes the relevant data in the blockchain 111. This way, all system users are part of the Blockchain and it is possible to univocally correlate therewith operative production, preservation, distribution process steps and one or more product units or raw material identified with respect to their unitary package by a univocal identification code.

The association is ensured by writing in the blockchain 111 via the blockchain process manager 110.

It should be noted that the data is always associated with various operations (for example production, taking control of the products, decentralized transactions, etc.) , but the user registration is not in itself subject to such operation .

The areas logically differentiated for the different types of users are depicted in the user database 130, which by way of example are differentiated into: Raw Material Manufacturer denoted by 131, Preservation process managers denoted by 132, Large Retailers denoted by 133, Distribution in supermarkets denoted by 134, distribution through professional clients denoted by 135, for example restaurants, and private clients 136.

Also with regard to the list and qualification of these types of users, the ones specifically shown in the figure only consist of an example of typical users for the type of product taken into consideration as an example in the present description. Obviously, the types of users can vary depending on the type of product to which the system is applied.

150 denotes the main portal for accessing the system, which in case of the present invention consists of the product itself, i.e. of at least one product unit through its univocal identification code .

According to an exemplary embodiment, the reading or acquiring of the identification code allows a reading device to launch, on command or automatically, the link to the system and to activate processes for collecting information on the product and to order and purchase .

The identification code recognizes the user to which it is linked and allows users to register as new users if read by new users or users to make new orders or purchases if already registered.

Thanks to the blockchain process 110 and its control software 100 and 120, it is thus possible to univocally detect and correlate the order of one or more product unit and the single product units ordered and purchased by a new client with the holder or with who controls said one or more product units whose identification code has been used by the new client to access the system.

The product tracking information managed by the control software 100 will be provided to allow the client to select the product according to the origin, processing, preservation and raw material characteristics, while the ordering and purchasing transaction will also be associated with the client who owns or controls the ownership of this product through the product code for accessing the system. This association, managed by the software 120 through the module 122, is validated by writing on the blockchain 111 and allows for example to send the remunerations, as well as discounts on future purchases or money transfers, to clients who own or control the product whose identification code has been used to access the system by the new client.

Thanks to the APIs 123, the identification code is only a form of link to the system that operates exclusively in a remote server which can be a distributed server, a cloud server or combinations of these types of servers. The identification code of a product unit operates in this case as authorized access to the system through the APIs, without having to load any software or App in the device used by the user.

With such access, both through the identification code of a single product unit shown for example as an image on the screen of the user of the device used to access the service or through a traditional portal for registering to the website of the manufacturer or seller as denoted by the block 150, it is also possible to provide for the use of systems of the social type such as Facebook® or the like .

In this case, an example, denoted by Area Social

140, is shown in figure 1. Each user of said social area 140 can send information to one or more further users of the social product information area as denoted in blocks 142 and 143 and especially the identification code of the product they own or possess through an interface 141, thus allowing the further user or users to acquire or read the code and to activate the link of the module 150, thus accessing the system and being able to initiate the process of acquiring information on the product as well as the ordering and purchasing process and registration steps of the transactions borne by the user who owns and controls the product whose code has been used for the access, as described above with reference to the direct access to the system.

As is clear from the above descriptions with reference to the generic exemplary embodiments of figure 1, among the various functions, the Blockchain Process Manager 110 allows to write on the Blockchain 111, to track all Blockchain events linked to a "product" instance, to find all the Blockchain transactions linked to the decentralized transaction linked to a product and to all products linked through an acquisition process, to track all sales or decentralized transactions linked to a player of the Blockchain .

According to an embodiment, the client is provided with a personal processing device consisting of a tablet, PC or smartphone, but which can also consist of other devices comprising at least one processor, one or more memories, a wireless and/or two-way wired communication interface communicating with further processing units connected to each other on the network, a communication interface of the device for communicating with the user that can comprise video, acoustic, touch communication means and a possible keyboard, as well as a pointing device of the point and click type. The processing unit of the user executes an APP (application) for interfacing with the system according to the present invention and which allows to enter the system and to carry out the various functions described with reference to figure 1.

In an embodiment, the application provides a ¨Trace* section which is filled in its Blockchain component, which relies on the fact that the two components of the BPM, i.e. the BPM Production and distribution 100 part and the BPM Blockchain Process Manager 110 part, communicate with each other.

Moreover, as is clear, the BPM Production and distribution 100 section allows for example to fill the "Trace" section of the client App with information on the tracking of each production step.

A further advantage consists in the fact that this module 100 allows to formalize the production processes and thus to enable the notion of

"allowance," i.e. allowing thirds to produce the production chain in toto or in part. This is very important because it allows to maintain high standards that can be integrated within the distribution system (BPM sales and transactions) without having to bear the entirety of the production chain, but by associating with third parties so that to increase the volumes in order to be able to provide the "exponential" part linked to the BPM sales and transactions in a short time.

It should be noted that all the elements of the production process do not have to be identical in order to facilitate such association process. It can in fact be assumed that part of the processes is modified to allow partners to maintain the characteristics of their products. As such, it is necessary to use the most generic BPM (Business process Manager) as possible and which allows to copy/paste the existing production and distribution processes and to then modify said existing processes in a very short time to then make them available to production partners. Obviously, the product distribution approval is subjected to the publication of all activities (whether or not modified) on the Blockchain 111 thanks to the Blockchain Process Manager 110.

With reference to the BPM Ownership authorizations and decentralized transactions management 120, it is the most important point of the commercial process since it opens new types of transactions identified as decentralized transactions 122 which increase the classical transactions. The two types of transactions, classical and decentralized, are two separate groups:

A classical transaction is the transaction that occurs, for example in some supermarkets, when the consumer purchases a product, thus no transaction is ascribed in the BPM sales and transactions . The sale appears in the retailer's system, but not in the system according to the present invention.

A decentralized transaction is defined as a transaction that is generated starting from a product named "autonomous" and that is denoted as decentralized because outside of the classical sales channel, i.e. able to initiate a still non-existing transaction by indirectly allowing the consumer to access the three dimensions of the BPM which are needed and sufficient to complete such decentralized transaction, i.e.:

1) BPM Production and distribution 100 which allows to identify the autonomous product

2) BPM Ownership authorizations and decentralized transactions management 120 which allows to identify the chain of ownership in order to proceed with the redistribution of the various remunerations ;

3) BPM Blockchain Process Manager 110 which allows to validate the decentralized transactions thanks to a validation, named decentralized, typical of the Blockchain system.

As is clear from the preceding description of the generic example of figure 1, the indirect access to the three BPM can occur in two ways :

1) Via the portal, i.e. the user interacts with the "autonomous" product 150 that gives indirect access to the three components of the BPM and thus indirectly to the Blockchain 111;

2) Via direct communication between the "autonomous" product and the API 123 of the mobile consumer. The "autonomous" product is announced as IOT, for example with an Ipv6 address and through the access of the consumer's mobile device to the data via the BPM 120, 110.

3) Between an autonomous product provided with the necessary operative units, as described above, and which is directly and automatically announced to the system via the API 123 by connecting to the ordering and purchasing portal, for example to make an automatic order.

In this case, for example, the product is completely autonomous as far as its interactions with the system and process are concerned. Such an autonomous product can be provided with autonomy sensors that operate, at the reaching of a minimum residual autonomy threshold, the units communicating with the ordering and purchasing portal and which allow the product unit itself to reorder new product units. A system that makes this possible is shown and described with reference to figure 4.

With reference to figure 2, the system according to the invention is shown in this exemplary embodiment with respect to the data and its flows (simplified) visible by the consumer and to the nature of databases needed.

Among the various databases, figure 2 shows:

- a Dynamic ID-Code product Database denoted by 210. According to an embodiment, this contains all the information linked to the origin of the product, which comprises all of the activities linked to their identification (for example their geolocation with reference to the specific type of product used as a non-limiting example for the present detailed description) and all the information linked to the production, which comprises the production activities and lots of unitary product packages with the univocal identification of said lots and said unitary packages with information linked to the origin of the product contained in said packages and to the production and preservation activities.

The database 210 contains the reference to all official files and the encrypted Hash correspondence inserted in the Blockchain 111.

The Dynamic user account database is denoted by 211: the users can be of various nature: distributors, retailers, professional clients who use the product in the supply of services and/or products wherein the product is made available to or used by companies, consumers. The information can include bank accounts, digital addresses for cryptocurrency or crypto asset payments (security tokens and/or utility tokens), discounts, commissions, and other.

Also in this case, the database 211 contains the reference to all official files and the encrypted Hash correspondence inserted in the Blockchain 111.

A Dynamic Ownership Database is denoted by 212: This Database contains the mapping, i.e. the relationships between the owners and/or institutions (persons or companies) who have rights, i.e. a relationship or association with, or control over, one or more product package units. These relationships intersect all the combinations linked to the database: the Dynamic ID-Code product Database 210 and the Dynamic user account Database 211 and the Dynamic decentralized transactions Database 213. The ownership relationship, or generically named of rights on one or more product units with the type of each single user for whom rights are registered on said product units, allows to apply reward rules and reward mechanisms on the transactions involving or arising one or more of said product units. These remuneration rules (rewards) or the mechanisms for determining said remunerations are generally established a priori and are correlated with the definition of the values or content of the remunerations depending on the type of user.

The ownership tree is continuously regenerated recursively.

The database 212 contains the reference to all official files and the encrypted Hash correspondence inserted in the Blockchain.

The Dynamic decentralized transactions Database is denoted by 213: this Database contains the group of transactions, i.e. both the orders and subscriptions . The Database contains the ID-Code product at the origin of the transaction associated with the user and with the new product package units purchased.

The database 213 contains the reference to all official files and the encrypted Hash correspondence inserted in the Blockchain 111. Such validation on the Blockchain 111 is essential for confirming to all the users, i.e. to all ID-Code Product owners, that they have a right to a reward.

A dynamic evaluation data Database is denoted by 214: in fact, this database is mostly outsourced to social media on which we are present in order to capture the comments of consumers .

The steps of the functional flows are also shown in the diagram of figure 2. The step of accessing the system by reading or acquiring a univocal identification code of a unitary product package is denoted by 208.

After accessing the system at step 208, the access to information on the identification of the productive units is allowed at step 207. This information is contained in the official files that are validated via the encrypted Hash correspondence inserted in the Blockchain 111.

The step 206 univocally associates the product, i.e. the identification code of the unitary product package, with information related to the production unit generated at block 209 and identified at block 207. Thus, the information on the product concerning the identification code associated with the unitary product package read in step 208 is published and made available in the successive step. Access to the information corresponding to the product evaluations of other professional users e/or private clients, and registered in the database 214, is granted at step 204.

A successive step 203 provides the beginning of an ordering and purchasing process that denotes the availability of lots of unitary packages of a product identical in origin and/or raw materials and/or production process and/or preservation process or of alternative similar products in substitution of or in addition to those identical to the product to which the identification code used for accessing the system at step 208 belongs.

The step 202 allows to officially and validly register, via the encrypted Hash correspondence inserted in the Blockchain 111, a sequence of transaction steps related to the product identified by the univocal identification code of one or more unitary packages thereof from a previous owner or institution that possessed said unitary package or packages and that held the control to a successive buyer of said unitary package or packages.

The data concerning the distribution chain from the manufacturer to the buyer is combined with the data of the dynamic databases 211 at step 201, 212, 213 to generate a sequence file of the transactions and to validate the same in the blockchain 111, thus further generating on an account of the holder of the unitary product package, whose code has been used to access the system at step 208, the registration of a consistent remuneration validated by the blockchain, for example by applying discounts or commissions univocally correlated with one or more entities of the classical commercial distribution chain and especially decentralized with reference to the previously defined term.

It is possible to provide a further step 200 wherein the system suggests similar products or products that are often purchased in combination by other clients and/or suggests particular uses for these products, such as recipes, preservation modes and other information. This information is generated by the database 210 in combination with the information extracted by the further databases 211 and 212.

According to an embodiment, this step can consist in providing the user with a mini e-commerce system that is "contextualized" with the product unit from which the user accesses the ordering and purchasing portal .

According to an embodiment, with regard to the latter characteristic, the system can suggest, in alternative or in combination, other types of products whose acquisition can occur according to different methods.

According to a first method, the system allows to access the website of the manufacturer or seller of one or more of said other types of products , thus the user follows the purchasing process provided by each single manufacturer or seller and which can be of any type .

In this case, the system only provides a sort of link to the website or websites of the manufacturers/sellers .

In alternative, the further products suggested can enter at least part of the process according to the present invention, by associating each product unit with an identification code or by registering in the Blockchain.

In an embodiment variant, it is possible to register these products in the Blockchain and to access therewith the rights, transactions and rewards management system by associating the identification code with each product unit of one or more further types of products .

In addition to the characteristics of the variants described above, a further embodiment variant provides that the whole tracking system is applied to the type or types of additional products suggested by using the same process platform as that of the main product and the same system also for one or more of the further types of additional products, clearly and obviously modified in terms of the content of the information to be tracked, of the rights, of the transferring methods and of the rewards linked to these transferring methods, as well as with regard to the users involved in the process with respect to a certain type of additional product.

Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method and system according to the present invention applied to olive oil for the implementation of a supplying and tracking system, i.e. an "Olive Oil Chain" .

With reference to what is shown in figure 3, the example comprises a version as complete as possible, it being possible to eliminate or modify some of said items listed.

Moreover, the example, although addressed to the specific product, can obviously be modified by the technician of the art for any different type of product, by modifying the items denoted correspondingly to the characteristics of the different type of product.

In this case, the package unit of the "olive oil" product is the bottle or, more generally, the container denoted by 300.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the container is provided with at least one transparent window so as to be able to directly see and appreciate the content, in this case, the oil.

The univocal identification code of the product is denoted by 310 and is represented with a graphical code, for example a so-named QR-code.

In this case, in an embodiment, a mobile unit 320 of a user, selected from those already described previously, and for example a smartphone or tablet, has loaded and executed software for reading and acquiring the QR-code 310. Once it has been read or acquired, having, as already described previously, integrated the instructions for connecting to the website that manages the sales process of the product on the device 320 of the user that reads the QR code 310, the page of said website is opened and the user is connected to the system and to the blockchain process as depicted in point 330.

In this case, the QR code contains a combination of website and hashes, thus the page accessed is already specifically aimed at the product unit and at possible users associated with this product.

At this point, depending on the type of user and on whether the user is already registered in the system and validated by the blockchain 111 or if he is a new user, different functions, among which for example the registration for new users, are suggested. Such registration and validation via the Blockchain is not necessary to carry out ordering and purchasing activities.

In fact, according to an embodiment, when the user wants to purchase the product by paying with credit card, he must anyhow pass through a data registration step, but such step is not managed or registered via the Blockchain 110.

Nonetheless, the registration and relative automatic validation of the new user in the Blockchain is necessary so that the new user can acquire the possibility to take part in the processes of associating the rights thereof correlated with transfers or transactions concerning one or more product units and remunerations of any type with respect to these processes, according to one or more of the methods described above and for which an example will be given below.

The functions for ordering and purchasing, searching and receiving information on the product, for searching and receiving information on possible uses of the product, for transmitting information by the user and other functions concerning information on the product and/or correlated therewith are provided to users who are already registered in the system.

When the user is a registered user who purchased products, he can also access his account statement and the list of products, i.e. the unitary product package that further clients have purchased, by connecting to the system by using the identification code of the product of this already registered user, the so-named wallet of associated products and of rewards deriving from transactions on the associated products or resulting from these associated products.

By accessing the portal 330, it is thus possible to access the product information database 340. The information can be of different type and concerns all the steps of the productive process, from those for the procurement and origin of the raw materials, to those of the production and to those of the preservation and post-processing of the products after production, as well as marketing information, evaluations from other users, historical information on the product and its uses, information on similar products, or anyhow correlated with or selected in combination by other clients.

In the example shown, first information denoted by 51 concerns the real-time image of the set of trees from which the olives that generated the oil of the bottle 300 identified and belonging to a certain production lot were collected. It is possible to show the single tree or the group of trees from which the olives of the entire lot were collected without further differentiating.

Such information is obtained thanks to the univocal association between the identification code

310 of the bottle 300 and the GPS coordinates of the trees univocally associated with the trees and with the validation of the association of these identification codes via the blockchain 111, which ensures the authenticity and invariance over time.

Other information depicted in the fields 42, 43, 44 and 45 can be the cost of the product and the different purchasing methods, the product evaluations provided for example by other users and available on the social websites that can be accessed or addressed automatically thanks to specific APIs as generically described with reference to the preceding figures, the history of the product and additional/alternative Services and/or products they can comprise, as will be shown in more detail in the following figures related to a practical user interface example, also recipes and the like.

Accessing the portal 330 also allows to access information of the promotional type, as denoted by 51, for example for the registration of a new client and to be informed on the access and use terms and conditions of the system, on the economical conditions related to the remunerations that can be obtained through acquisitions by new or other users who will use the identification code of a bottle 300 possessed by the client who is registering to access the system. A user account is thus generated, as depicted at block 53, wherein the user is recognized for its type and for example selected among users such as distributors, users of the commercial chain, professional users, for example restaurant owners, bloggers and influencers , and private users . The selection is registered at point 54.

Writing on the blockchain 111 via the manager 110, for example of the general system shown in figure 1, allows to validate the identification codes and the information and to register the new client as a potential member of a decentralized transaction chain, i.e. of sales carried out by accessing the ordering and purchasing system via the link integrated in the identification code of the product of this new client.

Accessing the portal 330 thanks to the code 310 of the bottle 300 allows a user already registered in the Blockchain 111 to access the management processes of the remunerations deriving from the aforesaid decentralized transactions according to the definitions reported above. The module 360 allows to access the management of the client's account, denoted by 61, to control the volumes of bottles sold, denoted by 62, and to control the remuneration rewards, denoted by 63, as well as to record the decentralized transactions denoted by 6 .

These will further be explained with reference to the example of figures 5 to 12. Figure 4 shows an alternative and more evolved embodiment of the tag for storing the identification code and which allows to transform the product package unit, in this case a bottle 400, into an autonomous active unit which can actively enter the network of processing units of the system and the writing, modification and validation processes via the blockchain 111.

In particular, the identification code can be registered in the memory of an electronic device, a processor, such as for example a RFID tag, a beacon or other similar device.

Such device can further be provided in parallel to the presence of a graphical encoding of the code, such as a QR code or bar code according to the preceding exemplary embodiment, thus allowing to be able to use the bottle and the corresponding code as a link to access the system, also in case of the malfunctioning of the electronic tag.

In the example schematically shown, the electronic unit is housed in the cap of the bottle, but can also be fixed in another way and at another point thereof. As is clear, however, the decision to house the electronic unit in the cap 410 allows to have the possibility to maximize the automated capacities of the bottle and thus of the product contained therein.

The electronic unit comprises a processor 411 to which a memory 413, a clock 412, a unit communicating with one or more internal sensors 415, 416,., 41n and/or with one or more external sensors 417 and at least one communication section 418, preferably of the wireless type and operating according to one or more communication protocols, such as WIFI, Bluetooth or other protocols, are connected.

It is possible to communicate with the electronic unit in the cap 410 from a processing unit possessed by a user and which is of the mobile type and denoted by the number 420 in the example. It is connected through a cloud server 430 to the blockchain 440 of the system. The communication section 418 can however also directly connect to the cloud server 430 and to the blockchain 440 or using a device that only works as a communication bridge and that is present in the coverage area of the antenna of the communication section 418.

The sensors 415 to 4In and the external sensors 417 can be sensors of physical and/or chemical parameters related to the environment inside the bottle, of physical and/or chemical characteristics of the product and/or of parameters related to the outside environment and which have influence on the quality or characteristics of the product itself, for example with respect to the preservation chain.

The sensors can be selected from one or more of the following sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, sensors for detecting the presence of specific chemical substances, sensors for detecting the acidity or basicity of the product, sensors for measuring the intensity of the light radiation or of another type in the environment outside and in the environment inside of the bottle.

Other types of sensors can be provided and depend on the specific application of the system to a specific type of product.

The processor 411 carries out control software that registers the data measured by the sensors and stores them. Thanks to the presence of the clock 413, it is possible to associate both the instant at which the values were measured and the duration of determined value conditions at time intervals and thus the value of the parameters measured depending on the time .

According to an advantageous embodiment, the processor 411 can execute a control program that configures the same as a comparator of the measured values of one or more physical and/or chemical parameters with one or more threshold values, for example maximum threshold and/or minimum threshold values for said physical or chemical parameters.

The comparator can provide a command warning generator that controls the emission of a warning message depending on the results of the comparison.

According to an embodiment, the warning message can be made only accessible or, alternatively or in combination, can be transmitted cyclically without being directed to a specific receiving unit or, alternatively or in combination, can be sent to the cloud server in order to be registered, written and validated via the blockchain 111.

An example can provide a modification warning of the conditions of the product, for example a variation in acidity which makes the product less desirable or even no longer usable. In this case, the change of the characteristics of the product in the specific packaging unit, i.e. the oil in the bottle 400, is recorded and validated by the blockchain 111 and the identification code of the packaging unit, i.e. the bottle 400, is thus added. Thus, the warning concerning the effective conditions of the product is also sent when the identification code is read or acquired.

It is possible to provide that the communication section emits the warning signal automatically when it detects the presence of a processing unit in its field of action and that it publishes the warning on the processing unit detected.

Other examples can be related to the detection of the temperature outside and/or inside of the product and to the comparison with a maximum threshold or a minimum threshold thereof. Exceeding one of the thresholds can directly determine a signal via a warning or can lead to the recording of the time trend of said measured temperature or temperatures from which the duration of the period during which the maximum and/or minimum temperature thresholds were exceed can be detected. In this case, the warning can be emitted when the duration of the period during which said threshold or thresholds are exceeded exceeds a predetermined maximum duration that is considered relevant for the quality of the product .

A further example can consist in measuring the preservation time with respect to the expiry date of the product and to the automatic warning that the expiry date has been reached.

Another variant can provide that the warning is related to an upcoming expiry and that it is emitted with a certain predetermined advance with respect to the effective expiry date, by associating a discount to this product if purchased.

In this case, thanks to the electronic processing unit associated with the product, the product itself, i.e. its unitary package and in this case the bottle, becomes a fully autonomous unit with respect to the user and to the processing devices thereof and is able to communicate, if not directly, with the system according to the present invention, by exploiting the processing device of the user as a bridge to access the system and/or by interacting with said processing device of the client at an equal level .

With regard to the hardware structure of a blockchain, the product itself, i.e. its unitary package, becomes a node of the distributed peer-to- peer network of processing devices of the different entities participating in the system and constituting it .

Figures 5 to 12 show some practical examples of an exemplary embodiment of the system and method described in the exemplary embodiments of the preceding figures and with reference to the version in which the encoding tag of the univocal code of the product consists of a QR code.

Figure 5 shows the processing device 510 of a user that is in the form of a smartphone and which executes an app for reading said identification code 501 univocally associated with a bottle 500 exposed for example on a shelf in a supermarket or the like.

The reading of the identification code automatically connects the smartphone 510 to the website of the system by launching the application residing in the smartphone and by displaying a communication interface for communicating with the user of the smartphone 510 on the screen thereof.

Thanks to the information, i.e. the link to the website and the hash contained in the QR code, the website page accessed is already configured so that to display the relevant information concerning the product unit on which the QR code is affixed.

Thus, the available functions and specific information are automatically already selected for the product unit on which the code used as an access link is present.

In the embodiment shown, the interface comprises a bar of buttons 513 from which the user can access the different functionalities of the system by means of a touch. The "Natural" function, in figure 6, is active and the real-time image of the group of trees, from which the olives that produced the oil contained in the bottle were collected and whose identification code 501 was read, as denoted by 512, appears on the screen, while the area 511 shows the GPS coordinates and other information on the trees, production lot to which the bottle 500 belongs and expiry of the product contained therein. A bar that allows to select further images and/or menus is provided on the side.

The product unit to which the code refers is identified as "traceable," as appears in the side bar on the left. The steps carried out by the product, both in terms of productive and storage processes, and optionally also the purely geographical ones, are shown by clicking on the button.

Figure 7 shows an interface that appears for example by selecting the button 514 "recipes" of the bar 513. The image of the tree and other information shown in figure 6 are replaced by a recipe, which provides for the use of oil, in the display field 515.

Figure 8 shows the ordering and purchasing interface that is activated by the "order" button 516 and which opens the access to the ordering and purchasing processes, as shown with 517 in the displaying area.

Figure 9 shows a step of the purchasing process in which, by using the graphical interface 518 displayed on the screen of the smartphone, the user selects the number of products, i.e. oil bottles, identified thanks to the identification code of the packaging units acquired, as depicted in figure 5, and confirms the purchase by activating the BUY and receive at home button .

The right part of figure 9 shows the cards for the attribution of the decentralized transactions related to the bottles purchased and the loading thereof within an account of the entity, i.e. of the user who possessed and controlled the bottles, i.e. who had rights on the product.

In figure 9, the code 900 corresponds to the list of bottles possessed by the retailer. The bottles in his possession and listed in the part 900 are associated with the retailer with the "acquired" right qualification. This does not mean that the bottles were physically handed to him or under the direct physical control of the retailer, but that the retailer holds the exclusive right to transfer them. These bottles are not necessarily already sold. The selection denoted by the first line corresponds to a bottle purchased by a client in the store. This bottle is the source of 3 new sales. These three new sales are attributed as new ownerships, i.e. as indirect or derivative rights to the retailer himself in 901 and to the distributor in 911. This means that the remuneration derived from the sale made by the retailer is also made available to the distributor 911, i.e. since the same bottle was also associated with the distributor who, by virtue of specific rules, enjoyed rights over the same.

The ownership of the bottles possessed by the distributor is reported in 910. As denoted above, some of these are shipped to the retailer (see 900) . The first line, which corresponds to the same bottle sold in the store by the retailer as stated above, is selected. The identification code 501 is recognized as that of the bottle whose code was read with reference to the step shown in figure 5. Instead, the identification codes of the three bottles purchased by the client with the steps described in the left part of figure 9 are loaded in the area 901. These bottles are each associated with a univocal identification code which is different for each of them and enter the sphere of ownership or control of the client who purchased them.

Thanks to a tracking mechanism described above in the various generic exemplary embodiments, the system identifies the subject who owns and controls the derivative rights on the bottle whose identification code 902 was read (fig. 5) .

The retailer 900 controls the identification codes 902 since the three bottles with the identification codes 902 were acquired from one of the codes of the three bottles acquired in the left part of figure 9. In fact, these three bottles were ordered by accessing the system through the code of the bottle purchased by the retailer (fig. 9 right side) . The card 910 shows the bottle controlled by the distributor or which were associated with the distributor with the attribution of given rights thereon .

The fact that the three bottles purchased by reading the identification code of the bottle on which the retailer has a right are also registered as subject to a right of the distributor makes it so that both the retailer and the distributor can enjoy remunerations calculated according to rules defined correspondingly to the quality of the retailer and of the distributor.

These three new bottles anyhow remain under the control of the user 910, since in the present case this subject is a commercial, or professional, user, i.e. the distributor. In this case, remuneration will be granted to the same and thus the same process will be carried out if a further client should access the system for purchasing the products by reading the identification code of one of the bottles purchased by the retailer 900.

Figure 12 shows an example similar to the preceding one, but which also involves the end user, i.e. the consumer 920, in the tracking process of the decentralized transactions.

In this case and as will appear below, this end user 920 will have loaded, in his remunerations account, the number of bottles and respective identification codes that the further client will have purchased using the code of the bottle possessed by the client 920. 922 shows an identification code of a bottle that was used by a further person to access the system and to purchase further bottles and/or possibly also other related products. The related bottles and/or products acquired by the further user by using the code 922 are loaded in the consumer's list 920, which is denoted by 921, and remunerations can be granted to the consumer user for them according to remuneration rules given for the qualification of the user as a consumer.

As is clear, the bottle purchased by the consumer user 920 was purchased by him by accessing the system via the reading of a bottle code on which the indirect rights of the retailer 900 were subsistent, as denoted by 922, thus the same acquires derivative rights on the bottles purchased by reading said code 922 , as denoted by 902.

The same mechanism ensures remunerations also in parallel with the distributor since he has derivative rights on the bottle with the code 922 of the consumer and thus the sale or the transfer of rights carried out by reading the code 922 and using the system as access confers derivative rights, and thus remuneration, also to the distributor in whose list of derivative rights 911 and 913 the codes 922 and the codes of the bottles purchased by accessing the system by reading the code 921 appear.

While for the distributor or other commercial or professional user, further orders of further users based on the access through one of the identification codes of the last bottles acquired will generate remunerations determined according to predetermined rules, for a private client or consumer as the client 920, the remuneration is only provided for the first purchasing step carried out by reading the code of the bottle in his possession, i.e. the bottles purchased by using the identification code of further bottles purchased as access following the access with the identification code of the first bottle, no further derivative rights and thus remunerations will be conferred to the consumer client of the first bottle whose code 922 has been used for access. The process for the consumer client 920 stops at about a distance or step 1, while for the professional users such process continues according to predetermined rules to be determined at each step of transferring rights on the product units for which a direct or derivative right is registered for the professional user.

Of course, one can think that private clients or consumers can have commissions (rewards) also beyond the level or step 1, for example on 2 levels or two steps .

In reality, blocking at a single level allows to create a distribution platform of products with rewards based on a real definition of TRUST. Only when a private consumer has effectively (tracked from the BLOCKCHAIN) purchased and consumed a product can recommend it to his direct acquaintances with a high level of trust since they know from direct experience that the consumer user has purchased and used the product for himself. This word of mouth mechanism, validated by the Blockchain, allows to create a new tracked mechanism of publicity wherein the experience or suggestion and truthfulness thereof are certified by registering the acquisition of the product unit by the users on the Blockchain. The present method and system generates and systematizes and makes a traditional word of mouth system automatic and repeatable, simultaneously increasing the reliability since the registrations in the Blockchain cannot be modified and can be tracked, thus the statements or suggestions of other users stay registered in the Blockchain .

It is also clear that, by being able to also access the system via the social media or directly from the website, the system is perfectly compatible with the classical verbal word of mouth system that is then however integrated in the validation process of the Blockchain. The process described above is shown in figures 10 to 12.

In this case, the bottle 500 is a bottle possessed by a private end client. A further subject accesses the system according to the present invention by using his smartphone 510 or other mobile device and reads the identification code 501 present on the bottle of the private client. A decentralized transaction process opens, according to which the new buyer accesses the system and can order a certain number of bottles in this case (fig. 12) via the touch button 516 and the interface 517, 518.

An identification code 922 of the bottle possessed by the retailer 900 in the list of bottles acquired 901 and attributed thereto is recognized in the account of the new client 920. The list of the 3 bottles that the consumer had ordered directly from the bottle purchased from the retailer himself in the store is automatically added to the retailer's list 923. The bottles of the list 922 and of the list 921, as depicted in figure 12, will be added to the list itself. Thus, remuneration is attributed to the retailer 900, in his account, depending on the registration of the three bottles acquired by the client 920 and recorded in the area 902.

The distributor 910 is identified thanks to his association with the code of the bottle, denoted by 923, from which the entire sequence of transactions started and thanks to the registration of the bottle with the code 922 within the transactions account 911 thereof. In this account, the identification codes of the bottles purchased by the user 920, as depicted in the area 913, are also loaded in sequence and if they are used by others to access and purchase bottles, the user 920 will no longer be considered for this further steps, while the distributor 910 and the retailer 900 will continue to have the codes of these bottles registered in their accounts and to receive the remunerations provided by the commercial agreements .

With reference to the example of figure 12, when the retailer 900 can be a professional user, for example a restaurant or other similar business, the management system of the account of this user differs from that of the private client denoted by 920 in figure 12, but the management of the account and the loading of the identification codes of the bottles sold are carried out similarly to that of the retailer 900 or the distributor 910 for the remunerations count.

It is clear how the system according to the present invention also allows to transform the cost of an olive oil bottle (with reference to the present specific application example of the method and system according to the present invention) into an investment that can possibly create further profits in addition to those obtained by the traditional restaurant services.

It is also clear that the decentralized transactions system according to the present invention allows to open marketing channels with high level of trust, also for non-commercial activities such as in the case of the olive oil bottle through sites in which the product is used while carrying out the activities and where the consumer clients can come into contact with the product itself.

The transactions validation chain allows the consumer user to directly purchase the product by entering in the system by reading the identification code on the product unit present and accessible at the professional user, for example the restaurant owner in the case of the olive oil bottle. This access attributes derivative rights to the professional user and thus remunerations similarly to what was described for the retailer 900.

What is mentioned above, with reference to figures 5 to 12, in addition to showing a concrete example of the operations of the system for the social part, recipes, identification of the territory of origin and in this case of the trees, which are essential to the implementation of the industrial plan of the distribution chain named "Olive Oil Chain", it also shows, in a concrete case, the materialization of the decentralized transactions, i.e. of the transactions related to the purchasing or ordering of products by a new client and which originate from products, i.e. unitary product packages held or controlled by private users whose identification code is used according to the present invention as a link to automatically access the system and the relative blockchain.

Thanks to this blockchain, the ownership passages of the products univocally identified by their code and the association of the purchasing instances with the identification code of the product constituting the link to access the system for the new client, are safely validated. This validation of identification codes and passages between users of the products allows to generate Rewards to remunerate the clients themselves and the professional users who operate as carries of clients by opening unconventional sales channels and which spread exponentially .

The remuneration of the subjects of the traditional distribution chain, thanks to the registration and validated and safe association of the products sold with the products at the origin of the clients' access to the system, allows to also maintain the remunerations for the products sold with the transactions of the decentralized channel, thus avoiding conflicts between the two sales channels.

The system according to the present invention, beyond the product itself and its food traceability, allows to increase the LOG of requests via digital channels, through the concept of decentralized transactions generated by autonomous products such as in the present example of oil bottles distributed among the users and over the territory and which are however able to merge flows of new digital orders of olive oil bottles.

Moreover, the system allows to amplify the commercial activities of professional users, such as for example restaurants. Since restaurants do not have an e-commerce website and probably neither the importers/distributors who supply them, the LOG of products , such as in the present example of bottles , generated by decentralized transactions must then be managed in the shipping component by the distributor. The control of the ownership and of the decentralized transaction via the blockchain is complete and generates vital reliability to ensure that the decentralized transactions can be recognized by the various players, for example, in the olive oil chain, or in any other distribution chain of other products, such as for example other food and non-food products. In fact, the restaurant owner does not have a clue as to how many bottles were "indirectly" sold from the bottles present on each table and managed by a high number of clients in his restaurant, convinced by the product tasting test.

The management of the ownership is thus propagated in a top down manner by the manufacturer whom is here understood in a broad sense, i.e. manufacturer of any autonomous product, i.e. able to have functions of communication with other systems, followed by the agent and/or distributor and/or importer, retailer and/or restaurant owner and/or blogger and/or influencer, until the consumer. The consumer can have an ownership only on a group of consumers, potentially infinite, but consumers that are necessarily linked to him. The ownership relationship in this case is only of proximity also if the chain of ownership between the various consumers can become of any length.

As already stated previously, this chain of relationships can be considered as a "word of mouth" chain, wherein the autonomous products are in fact propagated thanks to a high level of TRUST. A high trust system is defined as a system based on strong and/or high quality relationships between individuals and/or entities. For example, two friends, a client of a gastronomic restaurant, etc.

A high trust system is characterized more in that one of the two individuals and/or entities has effectively and certainly (for example through the Blockchain validation) purchased the product and is thus credible in his recommendation. The recommendations in a high trust system are much more relevant and effective than in a low trust system. A low trust system is a system where individuals and/or entities do not necessarily know each other and where there is no certainty as to whether or not the person making the recommendation has effectively purchased the product or that the person making the recommendation has tastes similar to those of the individual and/or entity to whom the recommendation is made (for example Tripadvisor®) .

According to a further embodiment variant, such as for example ownership authorizations, the stock of the distributor is "split" among its various partners, for example N retailers and M restaurants, our BPM does not register any sale (since it is not a decentralized sale) but only an ownership "association or transfer". This association is given by the distributor who, via the app of the distributors, "suggests" the ownership by generating a QR Code as an aggregation of the packs shipped to each retailer/restaurant owner. Upon receiving the pack, each retailer/restaurant owner validates the receipt and thus accepts the ownership of the products. Such transfer of ownership is equally registered on the Blockchain via the Blockchain Process Manager.

According to the above, it is clear that the concepts expressed by the exemplary embodiments described and limited to the olive oil chain go well beyond such example.

More generally, the system according to the present invention allows a purchasing and/or recommendation platform for products and/or services to be implemented as a further example, wherein the requirements needed for loading or extending to new products and/or services on the platform are a unique identification ID and a website explaining the product and/or service. The rest of the functionalities needed is managed by the platform. Let's assume that such platform facilitates the purchase and/or recommendation of thousands or more products and/or services for users, all made available by users with special prerogatives such as for examples importers and/or distributors, based on recommendations suggested by reliable persons to which retribution (reward) is granted on each transaction generated. Such retribution can be made in classical currencies and/or cryptocurrencies and/or special tokens managed by the BPM Blockchain Process Manager and emitted through an ICO (Initial Coin Offering) . The added value of such platform is to facilitate the purchasing of products and/or services recommended by reliable persons/entities and to simultaneously allow a possible refinancing of the various purchases of daily life via the transmission of recommendations on the products and/or services purchased to persons and/or entities with whom they are in direct contact.

With reference to the general diagram of the system, it is also clear how there are two process levels in parallel, one in which the information is managed outside of the blockchain validation mechanism and one in which the results of some of the processes, such as for example the results of the tracking, transferring of rights as defined above and remuneration attribution processes are subjected to being validated and registered via the Blockchain. In figure 1, this is highlighted by allowing the single modules 110, 120 and 130 to communicate with each other independently of the management through the module 110 which manages the blockchain 111.

With reference to figures 13a, 13b, 14, 15, 16 an exemplary embodiment of the process for rewarding the end consumer, whose product was at the origin of the purchase of at least one further product by a different further user with respect to the consumer owning said product, is shown.

Figures 13a and 13b show two possible alternatives of an initial step of a new product named "son" which was ordered in connection to a physical "father" product owned by a different consumer .

In the variant of figure 13a, the step 1300 provides to scan the QR code or the digital label provided on the father product. After scanning, the scanning device, such as a smartphone, tablet or similar device, launches the browsing on the e- Commerce website where the product is marketed as depicted at step 1310.

The registration and/or identification and/or association of the father product with the potential owner of the son product are carried out at step 1320.

The variant of figure 13b instead provides that the father product is reached through a browser link, as depicted at step 1330, the steps 134 and 1350 being identical to the variant of figure 13a. In this variant, the son product is ordered in connection to the father product via a digital link to this father product .

Figure 14 shows the processing steps of a second step related to generating an automatic message for associating the ownership of the father product with the ownership of the son product.

The process of generating a message for associating the father/son product is initiated at step 1400. A test for finding the existence of the association between the father and son product is carried out at step 1410.

If the test is positive, as depicted at step 1420, the process stops as depicted at step 1430. If the test is negative, the successive step 1440 of the final registration of the association of the father product with the son product is carried out and, after this registration, the step 1450 of preparing a proposal for the owner of the father product to accept the reward is carried out.

This second step is an intermediate step which is not mandatory and which can be omitted in an embodiment variant.

Figure 15 shows the steps of an exemplary embodiment of a third step for validating the ownership of the consumer (consumer ownership) and for recognizing the reward to the consumer owning the father product.

This third step initiates with the step 1500, which consists in scanning the digital QR or digital label provided on the son product. Successively, a first step 1519, which provides to register the ownership of the new product, is carried out. If the registration step is missing, then, as denoted by

1520, the reward payment procedure is stopped. If the ownership registration is existent, then we move on to step 1501. The step 1501 provides to search for the existence of a first owner of the father product who is different from the owner of the son product. The negative or positive result at step 1506 leads to two different workflow. When the result is negative, the proposal selected by the owner of the father product, with reference to the last scans of said father product as depicted at step 1502, is emitted. If at the verifying step 1503 the owner of the father product cannot be identified as depicted at step 1504, then the registration of the ownership of the new product is carried out as denoted by 1505. If the verification at step 1503 is positive, then the step

1511, wherein the owner of the father product is identified, is carried out and a proposal to accept the reward is generated and sent to the owner of the son product to allow such reward to be granted to the owner of the father product at the successive step

1512. In case of a positive response at step 1513, a notice is sent and the payment of the reward is made to the owner of the father product and the decentralized transaction and recognition of the reward are inserted in the Blockchain. As depicted at step 1518. If the owner of the son product does not approve the reward proposal of the owner of the father product, as depicted at step 1513, the step 1514, wherein a notice of refusal to pay the reward to the owner of the father product is emitted, is carried out. The decentralized transaction and the reward refusal are inserted in the Blockchain.

Returning to step 1506, if the test is positive in the sense that the existence of an owner of the father product different from the owner of the son product was verified, then the step 1507 is carried out and a reward proposal of the owner of the father product is generated and transmitted to the owner of the son product, asking the owner of the son product whether or not he wants to grant the reward according to the aforesaid proposal as depicted by the steps 1507 and 1508.

If the owner of the son product denies the consent to the reward, then the step 1516 of notifying the refusal to pay the reward to the owner of the father product and of inserting the decentralized transaction and the refusal to grant the reward in the Blockchain is carried out.

If the reward is granted, the process provides the step 1509 which consists of notifying and paying the reward to the owner of the father product and of inserting the decentralized transaction and reward recognition in the Blockchain. Figure 16 instead shows the steps related to a fourth step concerning the registration of the ownership of the product, i.e. of a new product associated with a son product, but different therefrom.

The step 1600 provides to scan the QR Code and/or the digital label of the son product.

A step of checking the acceptability of the state of the product provided at steps 1610 and 1620 is carried out. If the result is negative, the registration process is stopped as depicted at step 1630.

With reference to the verifying mechanism, at step 1610, the present invention provides two steps complementary with or alternative to each other:

a step wherein the verification is purely digital ;

a step wherein the verification is linked to physical actions on the product.

In particular, in the digital step, the ownership verification occurs thanks to the fact that, once a user reads the code on the product, the system is warned if the product corresponding to the code read is already object of other ownerships.

The step wherein a physical action is provided on the product provides that the verification requires a physical action on the product that leaves a mark which cannot be restored on the product itself, said step being necessary for enabling the reward grant.

Examples of this second step can consist of further codes present on the product and accessible by reading and transmitting them to the processing data center only by physically eliminating, in a permanent and not restorable way, the covering members, such as for example adhesive cover labels or layers of material removable by abrasion.

According to an example, the mechanism could provide to, at the reading of the QR-code in clear present on the product, activate the connection to the data center, which requires the user to read the second code and, only once the congruity of the two codes has been validated, the data center allows the user to acquire the ownership on the product and thus to access the reward mechanism.

The above is an example of how to implement the second step and must not be considered limiting.

If the verification is positive, then the search for the user data is initiated at step 1640. If the user exists, the step 1660, wherein the son product is added to the catalog of owned products, is carried out. If the user data is not present, then a proposal to define the user and the selection of a method for receiving the rewards is generated, as depicted at step 1670. The process ends with the step 1680 which consists in adding the son product to the catalog of owned products .

As is clear, the process described in figure 15 shows the reward mechanism, while the process in figure 16 shows how the control over the enabling occurs to achieve a correct ownership and the right to the reward, thus avoiding conditions of fraud from third parties who illegally take possession of a product ownership.

Claims

1. Method of tracking and distributing products and/or of transferring rights on the products themselves or the like, comprising the steps of

providing a univocal identifier for each physical product unit;

combining said identifier with said product unit;

2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the access to the distributed database, i.e. to the blockchain, takes place by acquiring an identification code and/or by reading said identification code of the product, i.e. of a product unit, the code being a link to said distributed database .

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the univocal identification code of the product is associated with a "hash" of the identification code that is recorded in the distributed database.

4. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the identification code is stored in an electronic tag associated with the product .

5. Method according to claim , wherein the electronic tag consists of a device named "beacon" that transmits cyclically and at predetermined intervals a radio signal on which the identification code is modulated.

6. Method according to claim 5 , wherein the electronic tag consists of a RFID-type device or the like, which makes the identification code available via radio query and request by a device acquiring said code .

7. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, which provides the step of making the product unit an autonomously active unit, by providing that the product is physically combined with at least one sensor of at least one chemical and/or physical parameter selected from a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a sensor for detecting product movements, an inertial sensor, a geographical position sensor, a seismic sensor, an acidity sensor, a sensor for preset substances, a clock or a combination of these sensors, the sensor or sensors being in communication with a control and processing unit equipped with at least one memory, and the control and processing unit running a control software that encodes the instructions to carry out the following steps:

8. Method according to claim 7, wherein at least part of the measured data of said one or more sensors are published in the blockchain and are univocally associated with the product identification code, which allows them to be acquired.

9. Method according to one or more of claims 7 or 8, which provides the further steps of:

storing said warning, and in combination with each other or alternatively to each other, the steps of :

publishing the warning both on the blockchain and in the information accessible by accessing to the blockchain with the product identification code;

actively and, possibly, repeatedly transmitting said warning via radio messages;

10. Method according to one or more of claims 7 to 9, wherein a measurement of time by means of at least one clock is provided, the measured data being associated with the measured time instant.

11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the time durations of the events, during which the measured parameters have exceeded the value of the corresponding stored threshold or thresholds, are measured.

12. Method according to claim 11, which provides to store threshold values even relating to these time durations and then to compare the actually measured time durations of the aforesaid events to the corresponding threshold values by using this data to generate the warning on the product conditions relating to the effects of the events in which the threshold or thresholds have been exceeded.

13. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, which provides the further steps of combining, with each unit of product univocally identified both by its own identification code and through registration and validation by means of the blockchain, the transfer or assignment of ownership and/or rights from a previous holder or institution or person that has the control of the product or that held rights on the latter to a new holder and/or institution or person under the control of which the product unit and possibly the corresponding transaction passes, thus making it possible to track the single transfers of ownership and/or even geographical movement of the product unit and making it possible to have real-time indication of the holder or person or institution having the control on the single product unit and/or indication of the geographical position of the product unit.

14. Method according to claim 13, wherein an ordering and purchasing process to order and purchase at least one product unit is carried out through an unconventional marketing chain as for the access to the units of the same product, thereby generating mechanisms for automatically remunerating the owners of the product units that is used by the buyer to access the ordering and purchasing process.

15. Method according to one or more of claims 13 or 14 , which provides the following further steps of : assigning each product unit identified by a univocal identification code to the person and/or institution that own or control the product unit itself, and recording this origin in the blockchain; allowing the access to an ordering and purchasing system to order and purchase units of an identical product and/or one or more product units of one or more additional different products linked to, or associated with, said identical product by reading and/or acquiring the identification code of the product unit, thus generating an automatic link to an e-commerce website associated with said identification code and opening said link at the time of reading;

carrying out the ordering and purchasing steps; registering the product unit or units of the purchased product or products in a database and associating said database with the person or institution holding the product unit or units or controlling the product unit or units, whose identification code has been used to access the ordering and purchasing system.

16. Method according to claim 15, wherein said database of product units or products purchased from third parties and associated with the person or institution holding or controlling the product unit or units, whose identification code has been used to access the ordering and purchasing system, is used to calculate amounts to remunerate said person or said institution .

17. Method according to claims 15 or 16, wherein the process of registering the purchased unit or units of product or products in the database associated with the person or institution holding the unit or units of product or products or controlling the unit or units of product or products, whose identification code has been used as access to the ordering and purchasing system, is stopped at the first step.

18. Method according to one or more of preceding claims 15 to 17, the method providing that the process of registering the purchased unit or units of product or products in the database associated with the person or institution that holds the unit or units of product or products or that controls the unit or units of product or products, whose identification code has been used to access to the ordering and purchasing system, for at least some people or institutions is also maintained for orders or purchases generated by reading or acquiring the identification code of at least one unit of at least one product which, in turn, has been purchased or ordered by a user by reading or acquiring the identification code of at least one unit of at least one different or identical product.

19. System for tracking and distributing products or the like, including:

in the distributed database the information concerning the origin of the product and/or the production process and/or the production means and/or the storage and/or preservation process and/or the distribution chain and/or the chain of transactions linked to the transfer of ownership and/or possession and/or relationship and/or use of the product or of one or more units belonging to the same category of a product that is in the same product unit being loaded, and

the access to the distributed database, i.e. to the blockchain, takes place by acquiring the identification code and/or by reading said identification code of said product unit, the code being a link to said distributed database.

20. System according to claim 19, wherein the identification code of a product unit is stored in an electronic device, such as a wireless tag, e.g. an RFID tag or the like, said electronic device comprising at least one control and processing unit with at least one processor and at least one memory for at least one control program of one or more peripherals, at least one communication port to communicate with each of said one or more peripherals, preferably via wireless protocols, said one or more peripherals consisting of sensors for monitoring and/or measuring physical/chemical parameters of the product and/or the environment in which the product is placed, while the control program comprises instructions for configuring the processor so that it performs one or more of the following functions:

storing the measured data; transmitting the measured data to the blockchain directly and/or via recognition and access by means of a portable device that enters the operating range of the communication means;

21. System according to claims 19 or 20 wherein the devices communicate through a wireless communication protocol, for example via a communication by the protocol named Bluetooth® or the like .

22. System according to one or more of preceding claims 19 to 21 wherein the sensors for measuring chemical/physical parameters are selected from one or more of the following sensors: temperature sensors, humidity sensors, radiation intensity and/or frequency sensors, sensors of preset substances, humidity sensors, acidity sensors, density sensors, position sensors, mechanical and/or dynamic stress sensors and clocks .

23. System according to claims 19 to 22, wherein the control and processing unit comprises a processor and peripheral units, the processor being equipped with a memory in which a program for monitoring the temperature trend of the product is loaded, the program configuring the processor as a comparator of the maximum and minimum threshold temperatures expected for the product, and the measured temperature is compared with the corresponding threshold or thresholds , thus generating a warning about the events in which said thresholds are exceeded.

24. System according to one or more of preceding claims 19 to 23, wherein the unit or units of said one or more products are standalone active units that automatically connect via API with one or more of the additional units of the system.

25. Platform for the purchase and/or recommendation of products and/or services, characterized in that

it has an interface for loading one or more product units of one or more products and/or services by assigning a unique ID and linking to a site explaining the product or products and/or service or services, the platform operating according to the method of one or more of preceding claims 1 to 18 and consisting of a system according to one or more of preceding claims 19 to 24.