WO2020043384A1 - Battery cell having integrated cooling, and battery module for a motor vehicle having a plurality of battery cells - Google Patents

Battery cell having integrated cooling, and battery module for a motor vehicle having a plurality of battery cells Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020043384A1
WO2020043384A1 PCT/EP2019/068813 EP2019068813W WO2020043384A1 WO 2020043384 A1 WO2020043384 A1 WO 2020043384A1 EP 2019068813 W EP2019068813 W EP 2019068813W WO 2020043384 A1 WO2020043384 A1 WO 2020043384A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
battery
heat
heat pipe
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/068813
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Hinterberger
Berthold Hellenthal
Original Assignee
Audi Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi Ag filed Critical Audi Ag
Publication of WO2020043384A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020043384A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6553—Terminals or leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery cell, in particular for a battery module of a motor vehicle, which is specified in the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a battery module for a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of such battery cells, and a motor vehicle with such a battery module .
  • Battery cells which are used, for example, in motor vehicles, can sometimes heat up considerably both when discharging and when charging. Efficient cooling of battery cells is crucial in terms of power consumption and output as well as in terms of service life.
  • Various principles for cooling battery modules or battery cells are already known per se.
  • DE 10 2013 218 527 A1 shows a rechargeable battery for a tool that has a cell block made up of several battery cells. On the outside of the battery cells, respective heat dissipation elements are provided, by means of which heat generated in the battery cells can be dissipated.
  • the battery cell according to the invention in particular for a battery module of a motor vehicle, comprises a cell housing in which at least two electrodes separated by a separator are arranged.
  • at least one heat pipe for dissipating heat from the battery cell is arranged in the cell housing.
  • the battery cell can, for example, be a battery cell in which the electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte. It is also possible that it is a solid-state battery cell, ie a cell of a solid-state accumulator, also known as a solid-state battery, in which the electrodes and also the electrolyte consist of a solid material.
  • a heat pipe is a heat exchanger that allows a high heat flow density using the heat of vaporization of a medium. This means that large amounts of heat can be transported on a small cross-sectional area.
  • the at least one heat pipe is a fleat pipe.
  • Fleatpipes use the wick principle to return condensed fluid to an evaporator on the fleatpipe. The process is therefore location-independent and fleat pipes therefore work even under weightless conditions.
  • thermosiphons they hardly tend to dry out, since the liquid flow through the capillary is significantly improved, which leads to a higher transferable heat flow.
  • the capillary structure also ensures that, unlike the thermosiphon, the heat can be supplied anywhere and via any fleas.
  • the battery cell can basically be any battery cell.
  • the battery cell can be a round cell or, for example, a prismatic cell.
  • the battery cell can also be a pouch cell. In the case of pouch cells, the electrodes and possibly other components of the battery cell are enclosed by a flexible outer film, which is usually made of aluminum.
  • a wide variety of cell technologies can also be used, the battery cell being a lithium-ion cell, for example. Due to the inventive integration of the at least one heat pipe into the interior of the cell housing of the battery cell, heat generated in the battery cell can thus be dissipated particularly well. This favors the power output and also the power consumption of the battery cell and its service life.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the at least one heat pipe is connected to the cell housing by means of an electrical insulator.
  • the heat pipe can dissipate heat directly to the cell housing of the battery cell through the electrical insulator.
  • the cell housing is preferably made from a metallic material, for example from an aluminum alloy, and thus conducts heat particularly well.
  • the electrical insulator also ensures that the cell housing is reliably electrically insulated at all times, i.e. that no current can be transferred to the cell housing by means of the heat pipe.
  • the electrical insulator is a ceramic material, in particular with embedded metal oxide particles.
  • the electrical insulator can provide reliable electrical insulation and, on the other hand, it can also provide particularly good thermal conductivity.
  • the electrical insulator in the porous ceramic material, aluminum umoxid particles can be integrated, which favor the thermal conductivity of the electrical insulator. With the help of the electrical insulator, heat can be dissipated particularly well from the inside of the cell to the outside.
  • the at least one heat pipe is a heat pipe. This makes it possible, regardless of gravity, to guide condensed fluid present in the heat pipe back to an evaporator of the heat pipe.
  • the heat conduction by means of the heat pipe is therefore independent of the position, so that the heat pipe designed as a heat pipe can be arranged in any position within the battery cell.
  • the electrodes are connected to respective current collectors which open into respective poles of the battery cells, the at least one heat pipe being arranged on at least one of the current collectors.
  • the current collectors were what are known as terminals, which are connected to the respective electrodes, that is to say at least one cathode and at least one anode, of the battery cell in order to collect the current and pass it on to the respective poles of the battery cells.
  • a heat pipe particularly preferably in the form of a heat pipe, is particularly preferably arranged on the current collectors or terminals. In this way, heat generated in the battery cell can be dissipated particularly well. It is exactly the same it is possible to carry out indirect pole cooling in order to dissipate the heat generated at the poles of the battery cells particularly well.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that at least one additional heat pipe is arranged on the outside of the cell housing, at least indirectly, for example in the form of a heat pipe, which can be connected in a heat-conducting manner to an electronic component, in particular a cell module controller. It is thus possible to conduct excess heat from electronic components, for example a cell module controller, particularly efficiently away via the cell housing and the heat pipe via the additional heat pipe, which is arranged at least indirectly on the outside of the cell housing. Hotspots, for example on a cell module controller, can also be defused thermodynamically. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one further heat pipe is connected to the cell housing by means of an electrical insulator.
  • the electrical insulator can be, for example, a ceramic material, in particular with embedded metal oxide particles.
  • the provision of the electrical insulator can ensure that reliable electrical insulation can be ensured between the further heat pipe and the electronic component, in particular a cell module controller. At the same time, particularly good heat conduction can be ensured.
  • the battery cell has at least one electronic component arranged in the cell housing, in particular a microcontroller and / or sensors.
  • the battery cell can therefore be a so-called smart cell.
  • microcontrollers, a wide variety of sensors and the like can be integrated in the battery cells.
  • further heat pipes, preferably heat pipes are attached in the vicinity or on electronic components arranged in the cell interior in order to create these components. to also be able to conduct away excess heat particularly effectively.
  • the battery module according to the invention for a motor vehicle comprises several of the battery cells according to the invention or advantageous refinements of the battery cells according to the invention.
  • the battery module according to the invention itself can, for example, in turn be connected to form a high-voltage battery for a hybrid vehicle or a purely electric vehicle.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the battery module provides that the battery cells are connected to a cell module controller, respective heat pipes being arranged on the outside on the cell housings of the battery cells and being connected to electronic components of the cell module controller.
  • heat generated at the cell module controller that is to say heat generated at the respective electronic components of the cell module controller, can be conducted away particularly well via the respective cell housing of the battery cells by means of the respective heat pipes, preferably in the form of heat pipes.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the battery module provides that a cooling plate for dissipating heat conducted to the cell housings by means of the heat pipes is arranged on the respective cell housings, at least indirectly, in particular by means of a thermal sealing compound.
  • the cooling plate can be arranged on the respective cell bottoms of the cell housing by means of a thermal sealing compound, the heat pipes arranged inside the cell housing being arranged on the inside of the respective cell bottoms at least indirectly in a heat-conducting manner. This allows excess heat to be dissipated particularly well from the battery cells to the cooling plate.
  • the cooling plate itself can have, for example, a plurality of cooling channels through which a cooling medium can flow.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention comprises the battery module according to the invention or an advantageous embodiment of the battery module according to the invention. Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment and from the drawing.
  • the features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description and the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or on their own without going beyond the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery cell for a battery module of a motor vehicle
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the battery cell, one
  • Part of the cell housing is recessed and the view of the interior of the battery cell is released;
  • FIG 3 shows a perspective view of a battery module in an exploded view, the battery module having a plurality of the battery cells.
  • a battery cell 10 for a battery module of a motor vehicle is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 1.
  • the battery cell 10 comprises a cell housing 12, which in the present case has a prismatic shape.
  • On the outside of the cell housing 12, respective poles 14, 16 of the battery cell 10 are provided.
  • a major challenge with such battery cells is to be able to effectively dissipate excess heat which is generated when charging and discharging such battery cells 10. This can ensure that such battery cells 10 permanently have good power output and power consumption.
  • a cell coil 18 is arranged in the cell housing 12, which is not designated here, and which has said electrodes in the form of anodes and cathodes, which are separated from one another by a separator and are immersed in an electrolyte (not shown here).
  • the electrodes of the cell coil 18, which are not described in more detail here, are each electrically conductively connected to a current collector 20, also called a terminal.
  • the current collectors 20 open into the respective poles 14, 16 of the battery cell 10.
  • a heat pipe 22 in the form of a heat pipe is arranged on each of the current collectors 20. Using the heat of vaporization of a medium, a particularly high heat flow density can be achieved in the heat pipes 22 in order to remove excess heat from the battery cell 10.
  • the heat pipes 22 arranged on the current collectors 20 are each connected to the cell housing 12, more precisely to a cell bottom 26 of the cell housing 12, by means of an electrical insulator 24.
  • the electrical insulators 24 can be ceramic materials, for example, in which metal oxide particles are embedded for improved thermal conductivity.
  • a cooling plate 30 is arranged on the outside on the cell bottom 26 by means of a thermal casting compound 28.
  • the cooling plate 30 can, for example, have one or more cooling channels in which a cooling medium can circulate. Excess heat from the battery cell 10 can thus be transferred to the cooling plate 30 via the heat pipes 22 via the cell bottom 26 by means of the thermal sealing compound 28.
  • further heat pipes 22 are arranged on the outside of the cell housing 12 by means of respective electrical insulators 24.
  • the heat pipes 22 plunge through a cell module controller 34, which has a wide variety of electronic components 36.
  • the further heat pipes 22 on the top of the battery cell 10 are each thermally conductively connected to some of the electronic components 36 of the cell module controller 34.
  • heat which occurs or arises in these electronic components 36 can be dissipated to the cooling plate 30 via the cell housing 12 of the battery cell 10 by means of the heat pipes 22.
  • hotspots that arise on the cell module controller 34, in particular on the electronic components 36 of the cell module controller 34 can be defused.
  • the battery module 38 comprises several of the battery cells 10, which can be connected in series, for example.
  • Several housing parts 40 of the battery module 38 enclose the battery cells 10.
  • the cell module controller 34 can again be clearly seen, which is connected on the top side to the individual battery cells 10.
  • the cooling plate 30 mentioned in connection with FIG. 2 can be provided on the underside, on which all the battery cells 10 with their respective cell bottoms 26 can be arranged.
  • the battery cells 10 can also be so-called smart cells, which can have a wide variety of, in particular electronic, components inside the cell.
  • microcontrollers, various sensors and the like can be integrated in the battery cells 10.
  • further heat pipes, preferably fleat pipes, are attached in the vicinity or to electronic components arranged in the cell interior, in order to also be able to conduct away excess heat which is produced particularly effectively.

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery cell (10), in particular for a battery module (38) of a motor vehicle, comprising a cell housing (12), in which at least two electrodes, separated by a separator, are arranged, wherein at least one heat pipe (22) is arranged in the cell housing (12) for removing heat from the battery cell (10). The invention further relates to a battery module (10) for a motor vehicle having a plurality of battery cells (10) and to a motor vehicle having such a battery module (38).

Description

Batteriezelle mit integrierter Kühlung und Batteriemodul für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit mehreren Batteriezellen  Battery cell with integrated cooling and battery module for a motor vehicle with several battery cells
BESCHREIBUNG: DESCRIPTION:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Batteriezelle, insbesondere für ein Batteriemodul eines Kraftfahrzeugs, der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebe- nen Art. Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Batteriemodul für ein Kraft- fahrzeug, umfassend mehrerer solcher Batteriezellen sowie ein Kraftfahr- zeug mit einem solchen Batteriemodul. The invention relates to a battery cell, in particular for a battery module of a motor vehicle, which is specified in the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a battery module for a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of such battery cells, and a motor vehicle with such a battery module .
Batteriezellen, welche beispielsweise in Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, können sich sowohl beim Entladen als auch beim Laden mitunter stark erhit- zen. Eine effiziente Kühlung von Batteriezellen ist im Hinblick auf die Leis- tungsaufnahme und Leistungsabgabe sowie im Hinblick auf die Lebensdauer entscheidend. Verschiedenste Prinzipien zur Kühlung von Batteriemodulen beziehungsweise Batteriezellen sind an sich schon bekannt. So zeigt bei- spielsweise Die DE 10 2013 218 527 A1 einen Akku für ein Werkzeug, der einen Zellblock aus mehreren Batteriezellen aufweist. Außenseitig an den Batteriezellen sind jeweiligen Wärmeableitelemente vorgesehen, mittels welchen in den Batteriezellen entstehende Wärme abgeleitet werden kann. Battery cells, which are used, for example, in motor vehicles, can sometimes heat up considerably both when discharging and when charging. Efficient cooling of battery cells is crucial in terms of power consumption and output as well as in terms of service life. Various principles for cooling battery modules or battery cells are already known per se. For example, DE 10 2013 218 527 A1 shows a rechargeable battery for a tool that has a cell block made up of several battery cells. On the outside of the battery cells, respective heat dissipation elements are provided, by means of which heat generated in the battery cells can be dissipated.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Lösung bereitzustellen, mittels welcher Batteriezellen besonders effektiv gekühlt werden können. It is the object of the present invention to provide a solution by means of which battery cells can be cooled particularly effectively.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Batteriezelle, insbesondere für ein Batte- riemodul eines Kraftfahrzeugs, mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen mit zweckmäßigen und nicht-trivialen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angege- ben. Die erfindungsgemäße Batteriezelle, insbesondere für ein Batteriemodul eines Kraftfahrzeugs, umfasset ein Zellgehäuse, in welchem zumindest zwei durch einen Separator getrennte Elektroden angeordnet sind. Um eine be- sonders effektive Kühlung der Batteriezelle zu ermöglichen, ist es erfin- dungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass im Zellgehäuse wenigstens ein Wärmerohr zum Abführen von Wärme von der Batteriezelle angeordnet ist. This object is achieved by a battery cell, in particular for a battery module of a motor vehicle, with the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient and non-trivial developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. The battery cell according to the invention, in particular for a battery module of a motor vehicle, comprises a cell housing in which at least two electrodes separated by a separator are arranged. In order to enable particularly effective cooling of the battery cell, it is provided according to the invention that at least one heat pipe for dissipating heat from the battery cell is arranged in the cell housing.
Die der Batteriezelle kann es sich beispielsweise um eine Batteriezelle han- deln, bei welcher die Elektroden in einen Elektrolyt eingetaucht sind. Es ist auch möglich, dass es sich um eine Festkörperbatteriezelle handelt, also um eine Zelle eines Festkörperakkumulators, auch Feststoffbatterie gekannt, bei der die Elektroden und auch der Elektrolyt aus einem festen Material beste- hen. The battery cell can, for example, be a battery cell in which the electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte. It is also possible that it is a solid-state battery cell, ie a cell of a solid-state accumulator, also known as a solid-state battery, in which the electrodes and also the electrolyte consist of a solid material.
Bei einem Wärmerohr handelt es sich um eine Wärmeübertrager, der unter Nutzung von Verdampfungswärme eines Mediums eine hohe Wär- mestromdichte erlaubt. Das heißt, auf kleiner Querschnittsfläche können große Wärmemengen transportiert werden. Es wird zwischen zwei Baufor- men von Wärmerohren unterschieden, der Fleatpipe und dem Zwei-Phasen- Thermosiphon. Besonders bevorzugt ist es vorgesehen, dass das wenigs- tens eine Wärmerohr eine Fleatpipe ist. Fleatpipes nutzen das Dochtprinzip, um kondensiertes Fluid zurück zu einem Verdampfer der Fleatpipe zu führen. Der Prozess ist dadurch Lageunabhängig und Fleatpipes arbeiten daher auch unter Schwerelosigkeit. Sie neigen, im Vergleich zu Thermosiphons, kaum zum Austrocknen, da der Flüssigkeitsstrom durch die Kapillare maß- geblich verbessert wird, was zu einem höheren übertragbaren Wärmestrom führt. Die Kapillarstruktur sorgt außerdem dafür, dass, anders als beim Thermosiphon, die Wärme überall und über eine beliebige Flöhe zugeführt werden kann. A heat pipe is a heat exchanger that allows a high heat flow density using the heat of vaporization of a medium. This means that large amounts of heat can be transported on a small cross-sectional area. A distinction is made between two types of heat pipes, the fleat pipe and the two-phase thermosiphon. It is particularly preferably provided that the at least one heat pipe is a fleat pipe. Fleatpipes use the wick principle to return condensed fluid to an evaporator on the fleatpipe. The process is therefore location-independent and fleat pipes therefore work even under weightless conditions. Compared to thermosiphons, they hardly tend to dry out, since the liquid flow through the capillary is significantly improved, which leads to a higher transferable heat flow. The capillary structure also ensures that, unlike the thermosiphon, the heat can be supplied anywhere and via any fleas.
Dadurch, dass das wenigstens eine Wärmerohr zum Abführen von Wärme von der Batteriezelle im Zellgehäuse angeordnet ist, kann im Zellgehäuse entstehende Wärme besonders gut abgeführt werden. Sowohl beim Laden als auch beim Entladen der Batteriezelle kann dadurch besonders effektiv entstehende Wärme von der Batteriezelle weggeführt beziehungsweise weggeleitet werden. Bei der Batteriezelle kann es sich grundsätzlich um beliebige Batteriezellen handeln. So kann es sich bei der Batteriezelle beispielsweise um eine Rund- zelle oder beispielsweise auch um eine prismatische Zelle handeln. Auch kann es sich bei der Batteriezelle um eine Pouch-Zelle handeln. Bei Pouch- Zellen werden die Elektroden und gegebenenfalls weiteren Komponenten der Batteriezelle von eine flexiblen, meist auf Aluminiumbasis bestehenden Außenfolie eingeschlossen. Unterschiedlichste Zelltechnologien können auch zur Anwendung kommen, wobei es sich bei der Batteriezelle beispiels weise um eine Lithium-Ionen-Zelle handeln kann. Durch die erfindungsge- mäße Integration des wenigstens einen Wärmerohrs ins Innere des Zellge- häuses der Batteriezelle kann in der Batteriezelle entstehende Wärme also besonders gut abgeführt werden. Dies begünstigt die Leistungsabgabe und auch Leistungsaufnahme der Batteriezelle sowie deren Lebensdauer. Because the at least one heat pipe for dissipating heat from the battery cell is arranged in the cell housing, heat generated in the cell housing can be dissipated particularly well. Both when loading and also when the battery cell is discharged, heat which is generated particularly effectively can be conducted away from the battery cell. The battery cell can basically be any battery cell. For example, the battery cell can be a round cell or, for example, a prismatic cell. The battery cell can also be a pouch cell. In the case of pouch cells, the electrodes and possibly other components of the battery cell are enclosed by a flexible outer film, which is usually made of aluminum. A wide variety of cell technologies can also be used, the battery cell being a lithium-ion cell, for example. Due to the inventive integration of the at least one heat pipe into the interior of the cell housing of the battery cell, heat generated in the battery cell can thus be dissipated particularly well. This favors the power output and also the power consumption of the battery cell and its service life.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das wenigs- tens eine Wärmerohr unter Vermittlung eines elektrischen Isolators mit dem Zellgehäuse verbunden ist. So kann das Wärmerohr aufgenommene Wärme unter Vermittlung des elektrischen Isolators direkt ans Zellgehäuse der Batte- riezelle abgeben. Das Zellgehäuse ist vorzugsweise aus einem metallischen Werkstoff, beispielsweise aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, hergestellt und leitet dadurch Wärme besonders gut. Der elektrische Isolator sorgt zudem dafür, dass das Zellgehäuse jederzeit zuverlässig elektrisch isoliert ist, also mittels des Wärmerohrs kein Strom auf das Zellgehäuse übertragen werden kann. An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the at least one heat pipe is connected to the cell housing by means of an electrical insulator. In this way, the heat pipe can dissipate heat directly to the cell housing of the battery cell through the electrical insulator. The cell housing is preferably made from a metallic material, for example from an aluminum alloy, and thus conducts heat particularly well. The electrical insulator also ensures that the cell housing is reliably electrically insulated at all times, i.e. that no current can be transferred to the cell housing by means of the heat pipe.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der elektrische Isolator ein keramischer Werkstoff, insbesondere mit eingebette- ten Metalloxidpartikeln, ist. So kann der elektrische Isolator zum einen, wie es der Name schon sagt, für eine zuverlässige elektrische Isolierung sorgen und zum anderen auch eine besonders gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit bereitstellen. Beispielsweise können in den porösen keramischen Werkstoff Alumini- umoxid-Partikel integriert sein, welche die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des elektri- schen Isolators begünstigen. Unter Vermittlung des elektrischen Isolators kann so besonders gut Wärme vom Zellinneren nach außen abgeführt wer- den. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the electrical insulator is a ceramic material, in particular with embedded metal oxide particles. On the one hand, the electrical insulator, as the name suggests, can provide reliable electrical insulation and, on the other hand, it can also provide particularly good thermal conductivity. For example, in the porous ceramic material, aluminum umoxid particles can be integrated, which favor the thermal conductivity of the electrical insulator. With the help of the electrical insulator, heat can be dissipated particularly well from the inside of the cell to the outside.
Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das wenigstens eine Wärmerohr eine Heatpipe ist. Dadurch ist es schwerkraftunabhängig möglich, in der Heatpipe vorhandenes kondensiertes Fluid zurück zu einem Verdampfer der Heatpipe zu führen. Die Wärmeleitung mittels der Heatpipe ist dadurch lageunabhängig, sodass das als Heatpipe ausgebildete Wärmerohr in beliebigen Lagen innerhalb der Batteriezelle angeordnet werden kann. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one heat pipe is a heat pipe. This makes it possible, regardless of gravity, to guide condensed fluid present in the heat pipe back to an evaporator of the heat pipe. The heat conduction by means of the heat pipe is therefore independent of the position, so that the heat pipe designed as a heat pipe can be arranged in any position within the battery cell.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass die Elektroden mit jeweiligen Stromsammlern verbunden sind, welche in jeweiligen Polen der Batteriezellen münden, wobei an zumindest einem der Stromsammler das wenigstens eine Wärmerohr angeordnet ist. Bei den Stromsammlern handelte es sich um so genannte Terminals, welche mit den jeweiligen Elektroden, also wenigstens einer Kathode und wenigstens einer Anode, der Batteriezelle verbunden sind, um den Strom zu sammeln und an die jeweiligen Pole der Batteriezellen weiterzuleiten. Beim Laden und Entla- den der Batteriezelle kommt es insbesondere auch an den Polen der Batte- riezellen zu einer erheblichen Hitzeentwicklung. Eine direkte Kühlung an den Polen der Batteriezelle wäre thermodynamisch also besonders günstig, um die Batteriezelle zu kühlen. Problematisch hierbei ist allerdings, dass ein gewisses Potential an den Polen der Batteriezellen anliegt. Dadurch, dass die Elektroden mit jeweiligen Stromsammlern verbunden sind, welche in den jeweiligen Polen der Batteriezellen münden, wobei an zumindest einem der Stromsammler das wenigstens eine Wärmerohr angeordnet ist, kann eine indirekte Polkühlung erfolgen. An den Stromsammlern beziehungsweise Terminals ist besonders bevorzugt jeweils ein Wärmerohr, besonders bevor- zugt in Form einer Heatpipe, angeordnet. So kann in der Batteriezelle ent- stehende Wärme besonders gut abgeführt werden. Genauso ist es auch möglich, eine indirekte Polkühlung vorzunehmen, um an den Polen der Bat- teriezellen entstehende Wärme besonders gut abzuführen. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the electrodes are connected to respective current collectors which open into respective poles of the battery cells, the at least one heat pipe being arranged on at least one of the current collectors. The current collectors were what are known as terminals, which are connected to the respective electrodes, that is to say at least one cathode and at least one anode, of the battery cell in order to collect the current and pass it on to the respective poles of the battery cells. When the battery cell is charged and discharged, there is considerable heat development, particularly at the poles of the battery cell. Direct cooling at the poles of the battery cell would therefore be particularly favorable thermodynamically in order to cool the battery cell. The problem here, however, is that there is a certain potential at the poles of the battery cells. As a result of the electrodes being connected to respective current collectors which open into the respective poles of the battery cells, with the at least one heat pipe being arranged on at least one of the current collectors, indirect pole cooling can take place. A heat pipe, particularly preferably in the form of a heat pipe, is particularly preferably arranged on the current collectors or terminals. In this way, heat generated in the battery cell can be dissipated particularly well. It is exactly the same it is possible to carry out indirect pole cooling in order to dissipate the heat generated at the poles of the battery cells particularly well.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass au- ßenseitig am Zellgehäuse zumindest mittelbar wenigstens ein weiteres Wärmerohr angeordnet ist, beispielsweise wiederum in Form einer Heatpipe, welches wärmeleitend mit einem elektronischen Bauteil, insbesondere eines Zellmodulcontrollers, verbindbar ist. So ist es möglich, über das weitere Wärmerohr, welches zumindest mittelbar außenseitig am Zellgehäuse ange- ordnet ist, überschüssige Wärme von elektronischen Bauteilen, beispielswei- se eines Zellmodulcontrollers, über das Zellgehäuse und das Wärmerohr besonders effizient wegzuleiten. Hotspots, beispielsweise an einem Zellmo- dulcontroller, können so ebenfalls thermodynamisch entschärft werden. Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das wenigstens ein weitere Wärmerohr unter Vermittlung eines elektrischen Isolators mit dem Zellgehäuse verbunden ist. Auch hier kann es sich bei dem elektrischen Isolator beispielsweise um einen kerami- schen Werkstoff handeln, insbesondere mit eingebetteten Metalloxidparti- kein. Durch das Vorsehen des elektrischen Isolators kann sichergestellt werden, dass eine zuverlässige elektrische Isolierung zwischen dem weite- ren Wärmerohr und dem elektronischen Bauteil, insbesondere eines Zellmo- dulcontrollers, sichergestellt werden kann. Gleichzeitig kann eine besonders gute Wärmeleitung sichergestellt werden. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that at least one additional heat pipe is arranged on the outside of the cell housing, at least indirectly, for example in the form of a heat pipe, which can be connected in a heat-conducting manner to an electronic component, in particular a cell module controller. It is thus possible to conduct excess heat from electronic components, for example a cell module controller, particularly efficiently away via the cell housing and the heat pipe via the additional heat pipe, which is arranged at least indirectly on the outside of the cell housing. Hotspots, for example on a cell module controller, can also be defused thermodynamically. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one further heat pipe is connected to the cell housing by means of an electrical insulator. Here, too, the electrical insulator can be, for example, a ceramic material, in particular with embedded metal oxide particles. The provision of the electrical insulator can ensure that reliable electrical insulation can be ensured between the further heat pipe and the electronic component, in particular a cell module controller. At the same time, particularly good heat conduction can be ensured.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Batteriezelle zumindest eine im Zellgehäuse angeordnete elektronische Komponente, insbesondere einen Mikrocontroller und/oder Sensoren, auf- weist. Bei der Batteriezelle kann es sich also um eine sogenannte Smart Cell handeln. So können beispielsweise Mikrocontroller, verschiedenste Senso- ren und dergleichen in den Batteriezellen integriert sein. In dem Zusammen- hang kann es vorgesehen sein, dass weitere Wärmerohre, vorzugsweise Heatpipes, in der Nähe oder an diesen im Zellinneren angeordneten elektro- nischen Komponenten angebracht sind, um an diesen Komponenten entste- hende überschüssige Wärme ebenfalls besonders effektiv wegleiten zu kön- nen. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the battery cell has at least one electronic component arranged in the cell housing, in particular a microcontroller and / or sensors. The battery cell can therefore be a so-called smart cell. For example, microcontrollers, a wide variety of sensors and the like can be integrated in the battery cells. In this connection, it can be provided that further heat pipes, preferably heat pipes, are attached in the vicinity or on electronic components arranged in the cell interior in order to create these components. to also be able to conduct away excess heat particularly effectively.
Das erfindungsgemäße Batteriemodul für ein Kraftfahrzeug umfasst mehrere der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezellen oder vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezellen. Das erfindungsgemäße Batteriemodul selbst kann beispielsweise wiederum zu einer Hochvoltbatterie für ein Hyb- ridfahrzeug oder rein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug zusammengeschaltet werden. The battery module according to the invention for a motor vehicle comprises several of the battery cells according to the invention or advantageous refinements of the battery cells according to the invention. The battery module according to the invention itself can, for example, in turn be connected to form a high-voltage battery for a hybrid vehicle or a purely electric vehicle.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des Batteriemoduls sieht vor, dass die Batteriezellen mit einem Zellmodulcontroller verbunden sind, wobei außen- seitig an den Zellgehäusen der Batteriezellen jeweilige Wärmerohre ange- ordnet und mit elektronischen Bauteilen des Zellmodulcontrollers verbunden sind. Auf diese Weise kann am Zellmodulcontroller entstehende Wärme, also an den jeweiligen elektronischen Bauteilen des Zellmodulcontrollers entste- hende Wärme, besonders gut über die jeweiligen Zellgehäuse der Batterie- zellen unter Vermittlung der jeweiligen Wärmerohre, bevorzugt in Form von Heatpipes, weggeleitet werden. An advantageous embodiment of the battery module provides that the battery cells are connected to a cell module controller, respective heat pipes being arranged on the outside on the cell housings of the battery cells and being connected to electronic components of the cell module controller. In this way, heat generated at the cell module controller, that is to say heat generated at the respective electronic components of the cell module controller, can be conducted away particularly well via the respective cell housing of the battery cells by means of the respective heat pipes, preferably in the form of heat pipes.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des Batteriemoduls sieht vor, dass an den jeweiligen Zellgehäusen zumindest mittelbar, insbesondere unter Vermittlung einer thermischen Vergussmasse, eine Kühlplatte zum Abführen von mittels der Wärmerohre zu den Zellgehäusen geleiteten Wärme ange- ordnet ist. Beispielsweise kann die Kühlplatte unter Vermittlung einer thermi- schen Vergussmasse an jeweiligen Zellböden der Zellgehäuse angeordnet sein, wobei die innerhalb der Zellgehäuse angeordneten Wärmerohre zu- mindest mittelbar wärmeleitend innenseitig an den jeweiligen Zellböden an- geordnet sind. Dadurch kann überschüssige Wärme von den Batteriezellen besonders gut zu der Kühlplatte abgeführt werden. Die Kühlplatte selbst kann beispielsweise mehrere Kühlkanäle aufweisen, welche von einem Kühlmedium durchströmt werden können. Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Batte- riemodul oder eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls. Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Die vorstehend in der Beschreibung genann- ten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sowie die nachfolgend in der Figurenbeschreibung genannten und/oder in den Figuren alleine gezeigten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sind nicht nur in der jeweils angege- benen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Allein stellung verwendbar, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen. A further advantageous embodiment of the battery module provides that a cooling plate for dissipating heat conducted to the cell housings by means of the heat pipes is arranged on the respective cell housings, at least indirectly, in particular by means of a thermal sealing compound. For example, the cooling plate can be arranged on the respective cell bottoms of the cell housing by means of a thermal sealing compound, the heat pipes arranged inside the cell housing being arranged on the inside of the respective cell bottoms at least indirectly in a heat-conducting manner. This allows excess heat to be dissipated particularly well from the battery cells to the cooling plate. The cooling plate itself can have, for example, a plurality of cooling channels through which a cooling medium can flow. The motor vehicle according to the invention comprises the battery module according to the invention or an advantageous embodiment of the battery module according to the invention. Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment and from the drawing. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description and the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or on their own without going beyond the scope of the invention.
Die Zeichnung zeigt in: The drawing shows in:
Fig. 1 eine Perspektivansicht einer Batteriezelle für ein Batteriemodul eines Kraftfahrzeugs; 1 is a perspective view of a battery cell for a battery module of a motor vehicle;
Fig. 2 eine schematische Seitenansicht der Batteriezelle, wobei ein Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the battery cell, one
Teil des Zellgehäuses ausgespart ist und so der Blick auf das Innenleben der Batteriezelle freigegeben wird; und in  Part of the cell housing is recessed and the view of the interior of the battery cell is released; and in
Fig. 3 eine Perspektivansicht eines Batteriemoduls in einer Explosi- onsdarstellung, wobei das Batteriemodul mehrere der Batterie- zellen aufweist. 3 shows a perspective view of a battery module in an exploded view, the battery module having a plurality of the battery cells.
In den Figuren sind gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen worden. Eine Batteriezelle 10 für ein Batteriemodul eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist in einer Perspektivansicht in Fig. 1 gezeigt. Die Batteriezelle 10 umfasst ein Zellge- häuse 12, welches im vorliegenden Fall eine prismatische Form aufweist. Außenseitig am Zellgehäuse 12 sind jeweilige Pole 14, 16 der Batteriezelle 10 vorgesehen. Im Zellgehäuse 12 sind ein Elektrolyt und zumindest zwei durch einen Separator getrennte Elektroden, in Form einer Kathode und einer Anode, angeordnet. Eine wesentliche Herausforderung bei solchen Batteriezellen besteht darin, überschüssige Wärme, welche beim Laden und Entladen solcher Batteriezellen 10 entsteht, effektiv abführen zu können. Dadurch kann gewährleistet werden, dass solche Batteriezellen 10 dauerhaft eine gute Leistungsabgabe und Leistungsaufnahme aufweisen. Identical or functionally identical elements have been provided with the same reference symbols in the figures. A battery cell 10 for a battery module of a motor vehicle is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 1. The battery cell 10 comprises a cell housing 12, which in the present case has a prismatic shape. On the outside of the cell housing 12, respective poles 14, 16 of the battery cell 10 are provided. There is one electrolyte and at least two in the cell housing 12 electrodes separated by a separator, in the form of a cathode and an anode. A major challenge with such battery cells is to be able to effectively dissipate excess heat which is generated when charging and discharging such battery cells 10. This can ensure that such battery cells 10 permanently have good power output and power consumption.
In Fig. 2 ist die Batteriezelle 10 in einer schematischen Seitenansicht ge- zeigt, wobei ein Teil des Zellgehäuses 12 ausgespart ist, sodass der Blick auf das Innenleben der Batteriezelle 10 freigegeben wird. Im hier nicht näher bezeichneten Zellgehäuse 12 ist ein Zellwickel 18 angeordnet, welcher die besagten Elektroden in Form von Anoden und Kathoden aufweist, die durch einen Separator voneinander getrennt sind und in ein hier nicht näher darge- stelltes Elektrolyt eintauchen. Die hier nicht näher bezeichneten Elektroden des Zellwickels 18 sind jeweils mit einem Stromsammler 20, auch Terminals genannt, elektrisch leitend verbunden. Die Stromsammler 20 münden in den jeweiligen Polen 14, 16 der Batteriezelle 10. An jedem der Stromsammler 20 ist jeweils ein Wärmerohr 22 in Form einer Heatpipe angeordnet. Unter Nut- zung von Verdampfungswärme eines Mediums kann eine besonders hohe Wärmestromdichte bei den Wärmerohren 22 erzielt werden, um überschüs- sige Wärme aus der Batteriezelle 10 abzuführen. 2 shows the battery cell 10 in a schematic side view, with part of the cell housing 12 being left free, so that the view of the interior of the battery cell 10 is cleared. A cell coil 18 is arranged in the cell housing 12, which is not designated here, and which has said electrodes in the form of anodes and cathodes, which are separated from one another by a separator and are immersed in an electrolyte (not shown here). The electrodes of the cell coil 18, which are not described in more detail here, are each electrically conductively connected to a current collector 20, also called a terminal. The current collectors 20 open into the respective poles 14, 16 of the battery cell 10. A heat pipe 22 in the form of a heat pipe is arranged on each of the current collectors 20. Using the heat of vaporization of a medium, a particularly high heat flow density can be achieved in the heat pipes 22 in order to remove excess heat from the battery cell 10.
Die an den Stromsammlern 20 angeordneten Wärmerohre 22 sind jeweils unter Vermittlung eines elektrischen Isolators 24 mit dem Zellgehäuse 12, genauer mit einem Zellboden 26 des Zellgehäuses 12 verbunden. Bei den elektrischen Isolatoren 24 kann es sich beispielsweise um keramische Werk- stoffe handeln, in welche zur verbesserten Wärmeleitfähigkeit Metalloxidpar- tikel eingebettet sind. Außenseitig an dem Zellboden 26 ist unter Vermittlung einer thermischen Vergussmasse 28 eine Kühlplatte 30 angeordnet. Die Kühlplatte 30 kann beispielsweise einen oder mehrere Kühlkanäle aufwei- sen, in welchem ein Kühlmedium zirkulieren kann. Überschüssige Wärme von der Batteriezelle 10 kann also über die Wärmerohre 22 über den Zellbo- den 26 unter Vermittlung der thermischen Vergussmasse 28 auf die Kühlplat- te 30 übertragen werden. Beim Entladen und Beladen der Batteriezelle 10 kann insbesondere an den Polen 14, 16 der Batteriezelle 10 eine starke Wärmeentwicklung stattfinden. Da die Stromsammler 20 in den Polen 14, 16 münden, kann über die als Heatpipes ausgebildeten Wärmerohre 22 eine indirekte Polkühlung realisiert werden. Überschüssige Hitze, die beim Entladen oder Laden an den Polen 14,16 entsteht, kann also über die Wärmerohre 22 an die Kühlplatte 30 weg- geleitet werden. The heat pipes 22 arranged on the current collectors 20 are each connected to the cell housing 12, more precisely to a cell bottom 26 of the cell housing 12, by means of an electrical insulator 24. The electrical insulators 24 can be ceramic materials, for example, in which metal oxide particles are embedded for improved thermal conductivity. A cooling plate 30 is arranged on the outside on the cell bottom 26 by means of a thermal casting compound 28. The cooling plate 30 can, for example, have one or more cooling channels in which a cooling medium can circulate. Excess heat from the battery cell 10 can thus be transferred to the cooling plate 30 via the heat pipes 22 via the cell bottom 26 by means of the thermal sealing compound 28. When the battery cell 10 is being discharged and charged, a strong heat development can take place in particular at the poles 14, 16 of the battery cell 10. Since the current collectors 20 open into the poles 14, 16, indirect pole cooling can be implemented via the heat pipes 22 designed as heat pipes. Excess heat that arises during unloading or charging at the poles 14, 16 can therefore be conducted away to the cooling plate 30 via the heat pipes 22.
Außenseitig am Zellgehäuse 12, gemäß der vorliegenden Darstellung an einem Zelldeckel 32, sind weitere Wärmerohre 22, vorzugsweise wiederum in Form von Heatpipes, unter Vermittlung jeweiliger elektrischer Isolatoren 24 außenseitig am Zellgehäuse 12 angeordnet. Die Wärmerohre 22 tauchen durch einen Zellmodulcontroller 34 hindurch, welcher verschiedenste elekt- ronische Bauteile 36 aufweist. Wie schematische angedeutet, sind die weite- ren Wärmerohre 22 an der Oberseite der Batteriezelle 10 thermisch leitend je mit einigen der elektronischen Bauteile 36 des Zellmodulcontrollers 34 ver- bunden. Dadurch kann in diesen elektronischen Bauteilen 36 auftretende beziehungsweise entstehende Wärme unter Vermittlung der Wärmerohre 22 über das Zellgehäuse 12 der Batteriezelle 10 zur die Kühlplatte 30 abgeleitet werden. So können am Zellmodulcontroller 34 entstehende Hotspots, insbe- sondere an den elektronischen Bauteilen 36 des Zellmodulcontrollers 34, entschärft werden. On the outside of the cell housing 12, according to the present illustration on a cell cover 32, further heat pipes 22, preferably again in the form of heat pipes, are arranged on the outside of the cell housing 12 by means of respective electrical insulators 24. The heat pipes 22 plunge through a cell module controller 34, which has a wide variety of electronic components 36. As indicated schematically, the further heat pipes 22 on the top of the battery cell 10 are each thermally conductively connected to some of the electronic components 36 of the cell module controller 34. As a result, heat which occurs or arises in these electronic components 36 can be dissipated to the cooling plate 30 via the cell housing 12 of the battery cell 10 by means of the heat pipes 22. In this way, hotspots that arise on the cell module controller 34, in particular on the electronic components 36 of the cell module controller 34, can be defused.
In Fig. 3 ist ein Batteriemodul 38 für ein Kraftfahrzeug in einer Explosions- darstellung gezeigt. Das Batteriemodul 38 umfasst mehrere der Batteriezel- len 10, welche beispielsweise in Reihe geschaltet sein können. Mehrere Gehäuseteile 40 des Batteriemoduls 38 schließen dabei die Batteriezellen 10 ein. In der vorliegenden Darstellung ist nochmals gut der Zellmodulcontroller 34 zu erkennen, welcher oberseitig an die einzelnen Batteriezellen 10 ange- schlossen wird. Mittels der in den Zellgehäusen 12 der Batteriezellen 10 vorgesehenen Wärmerohre 22 sowie mittels der außenseitig an den Zellge- häusen 12 vorgesehenen Wärmerohre 22 ist es möglich, überschüssige Wärme aus dem Zellinneren und vom Zellmodulcontroller 34 besonders effektiv abzuführen. Für das gesamte Batteriemodul 38 kann unterseitig die in Zusammenhang mit Fig. 2 erwähnte Kühlplatte 30 vorgesehen sein, auf welcher alle Batteriezellen 10 mit ihren jeweiligen Zellböden 26 angeordnet sein können. 3 shows a battery module 38 for a motor vehicle in an exploded view. The battery module 38 comprises several of the battery cells 10, which can be connected in series, for example. Several housing parts 40 of the battery module 38 enclose the battery cells 10. In the present illustration, the cell module controller 34 can again be clearly seen, which is connected on the top side to the individual battery cells 10. By means of the heat pipes 22 provided in the cell housings 12 of the battery cells 10 and by means of the heat pipes 22 provided on the outside on the cell housings 12, it is possible to remove excess heat from the cell interior and from the cell module controller 34 in particular dissipate effectively. For the entire battery module 38, the cooling plate 30 mentioned in connection with FIG. 2 can be provided on the underside, on which all the battery cells 10 with their respective cell bottoms 26 can be arranged.
Bei den Batteriezellen 10 kann es sich auch um so genannte Smart Cells handeln, welche verschiedenste, insbesondere elektronische Komponenten im Zellinneren aufweisen können. So können beispielsweise Mikrocontroller, verschiedenste Sensoren und dergleichen in den Batteriezellen 10 integriert sein. In dem Zusammenhang kann es vorgesehen sein, dass weitere Wär- merohre, vorzugsweise Fleatpipes, in der Nähe oder an diesen im Zellinne- ren angeordneten elektronischen Komponenten angebracht sind, um an diesen Komponenten entstehende überschüssige Wärme ebenfalls beson- ders effektiv wegleiten zu können. The battery cells 10 can also be so-called smart cells, which can have a wide variety of, in particular electronic, components inside the cell. For example, microcontrollers, various sensors and the like can be integrated in the battery cells 10. In this context, it can be provided that further heat pipes, preferably fleat pipes, are attached in the vicinity or to electronic components arranged in the cell interior, in order to also be able to conduct away excess heat which is produced particularly effectively.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: PATENT CLAIMS:
1. Batteriezelle (10), insbesondere für ein Batteriemodul (38) eines Kraft- fahrzeugs, umfassend ein Zellgehäuse (12), in welchem zumindest zwei durch einen Separator getrennte Elektroden angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 1. Battery cell (10), in particular for a battery module (38) of a motor vehicle, comprising a cell housing (12) in which at least two electrodes are separated by a separator, characterized in that
im Zellgehäuse (12) wenigstens ein Wärmerohr (22) zum Abführen von Wärme von der Batteriezelle (10) angeordnet ist.  At least one heat pipe (22) for dissipating heat from the battery cell (10) is arranged in the cell housing (12).
2. Batteriezelle (10) nach Anspruch 1 , 2. battery cell (10) according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das wenigstens eine Wärmerohr (22) unter Vermittlung eines elektri- schen Isolators (24) mit den Zellgehäuse (12) verbunden ist.  the at least one heat pipe (22) is connected to the cell housing (12) by means of an electrical insulator (24).
3. Batteriezelle (10) nach Anspruch 2, 3. battery cell (10) according to claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
der elektrische Isolator (24) ein keramischer Werkstoff, insbesondere mit eingebetteten Metalloxidpartikeln, ist.  the electrical insulator (24) is a ceramic material, in particular with embedded metal oxide particles.
4. Batteriezelle (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 4. battery cell (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das wenigstens eine Wärmerohr (22) eine Heatpipe ist.  the at least one heat pipe (22) is a heat pipe.
5. Batteriezelle (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 5. battery cell (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Elektroden mit jeweiligen Stromsammlern (20) verbunden sind, wel- che in jeweiligen Polen (14, 16) der Batteriezellen (10) münden, wobei an zumindest einem der Stromsammler (20) das wenigstens eine Wär- merohr (22) angeordnet ist.  the electrodes are connected to respective current collectors (20) which open into respective poles (14, 16) of the battery cells (10), the at least one heat pipe (22) being arranged on at least one of the current collectors (20).
6. Batteriezelle (10) nach Anspruch 5, 6. battery cell (10) according to claim 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
an beiden Stromsammlern (20) jeweils ein Wärmerohr (22) angeordnet ist. a heat pipe (22) is arranged on each of the two current collectors (20).
7. Batteriezelle (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 7. battery cell (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
außenseitig am Zellgehäuse (12) zumindest mittelbar wenigstens ein weiteres Wärmerohr (22) angeordnet ist, welches wärmeleitend mit ei- nem elektronischen Bauteil (36), insbesondere eines Zellmodulcontrol- lers (34), verbindbar ist.  At least indirectly, at least one further heat pipe (22) is arranged on the outside of the cell housing (12) and can be connected in a heat-conducting manner to an electronic component (36), in particular a cell module controller (34).
8. Batteriezelle (10) nach Anspruch 7, 8. battery cell (10) according to claim 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das wenigstens ein weitere Wärmerohr (22) unter Vermittlung eines elektrischen Isolators (24) mit dem Zellgehäuse (12) verbunden ist.  the at least one further heat pipe (22) is connected to the cell housing (12) by means of an electrical insulator (24).
9. Batteriezelle (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, 9. battery cell (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
Batteriezelle (10) zumindest eine im Zellgehäuse angeordnete elektro- nische Komponente, insbesondere einen Mikrocontroller und/oder Sen- soren, aufweist.  Battery cell (10) has at least one electronic component arranged in the cell housing, in particular a microcontroller and / or sensors.
10. Batteriemodul (38) für ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend mehrere Batterie- zellen (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. 10. Battery module (38) for a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of battery cells (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
11. Batteriemodul (38) nach Anspruch 10, 11. battery module (38) according to claim 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Batteriezellen (10) mit einem Zellmodulcontroller (34) verbunden sind, wobei außenseitig an den Zellgehäusen (12) der Batteriezellen (10) jeweilige Wärmerohre (22) angeordnet und mit elektronischen Bau- teilen (36) des Zellmodulcontrollers (34) verbunden sind.  the battery cells (10) are connected to a cell module controller (34), respective heat pipes (22) being arranged on the outside on the cell housings (12) of the battery cells (10) and being connected to electronic components (36) of the cell module controller (34).
12. Batteriemodul (38) nach Anspruch 10 oder 11 , 12. battery module (38) according to claim 10 or 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
an den jeweiligen Zellgehäusen (12) zumindest mittelbar, insbesondere unter Vermittlung einer thermischen Vergussmasse (28), eine Kühlplat te (30) zum Abführen von mittels der Wärmerohre (22) zu den Zellge- häusen (12) geleiteten Wärme angeordnet ist. on the respective cell housings (12) at least indirectly, in particular by means of a thermal casting compound (28), a cooling plate (30) for removing heat from the heat pipes (22) to the cell houses (12) conducted heat is arranged.
13. Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Batteriemodul (38) nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12. 13. Motor vehicle with a battery module (38) according to one of claims 10 to 12.
PCT/EP2019/068813 2018-08-28 2019-07-12 Battery cell having integrated cooling, and battery module for a motor vehicle having a plurality of battery cells WO2020043384A1 (en)

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