WO2020040717A1

WO2020040717A1 - Method for accumulating and recuperating electrical energy

Info

Publication number: WO2020040717A1
Application number: PCT/UA2019/000108
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Леонтьевич ОСИПОВ
Original assignee: Сергей Леонтьевич ОСИПОВ
Priority date: 2018-08-22
Filing date: 2019-08-16
Publication date: 2020-02-27

Abstract

The invention relates to power engineering, more specifically to methods for the accumulation, long-term storage and recuperation of electrical energy in gravitational solid-state accumulating systems in which energy is accumulated by accumulating the potential energy of a raised mass of solid bodies and the accumulated energy is recovered by converting the kinetic energy of the mass of solid bodies, which move under the action of gravity, into electrical energy, with subsequent transmission, conversion and temporary storage thereof in a block of direct-current accumulators.

Description

METHOD FOR ACCUMULATION AND RECOVERY OF ELECTRIC POWER

A method of increasing energy efficiency and productivity of the processes of accumulation and reproduction of electricity in energy storage systems of the gravitational principle of action, which use solid mass for storage, storage and reproduction of electricity (hereinafter - the Method).

The method relates to energy and is intended for use in industrial systems that use solid mass (hereinafter referred to as gravitational solid-state batteries - GTA) for the storage of electricity, long-term storage and its reproduction. The proposed method is proposed for use in the design and operation of the GTA, which will provide the ability to connect the GTA to the external network due to the solution of the problem of mutual adaptation to significant fluctuations in the electrical load, will provide an acceptable level of efficiency, and will lead to an improvement in the key production characteristics of the GTA, and this, accordingly, will open prospects for industrial use of GTA. Since the proposed method additionally provides the possibility of using the GTA with the reaction time of the system to fluctuations in the electrical load within 200-300 milliseconds, this parameter will allow the use of GTA not only for balancing energy systems, managing the schedule for electricity consumption in energy systems where technical requirements allow a slow reaction, and will have the ability to provide autonomous operation of decentralized energy systems for generating pure energy, which eyut highest load fluctuations do not coincide in the production and consumption of electricity and require rapid response to changes in electrical load.

The use of gravity for the accumulation, storage and reproduction of energy has long been known. From the school curriculum, we know that when a body of mass m is raised to a height h from the surface of the Earth, the force of attraction does the work A = -mgh. Therefore, the potential energy of a raised body: E _p = mgh. Accordingly, potential energy is used, when a previously raised body begins to move down, kinetic energy is released, which can be converted into electrical energy.

This principle is used in the completed PSP technology. The use of body weight in a liquid state (water) allows you to flexibly adjust mechanical load on the PSP electric cars through water supply control.

But the use of water has its drawbacks - a shortage of water resources and severe restrictions on safety and the environment. Therefore, there is a global shortage of energy storage facilities. Despite the fact that enormous financial resources are sent to search for technical solutions that can provide a solution to the problem of storing electricity, the best specialists are involved, many different solutions are offered - the problem remains unresolved today. PSPP provides 99% of the electric power storage capacity. Technologies such as lithium-ion batteries have to be used for stationary energy storage systems, since their life ends long before the cost of returning on these storage systems, or they require setting unacceptably expensive tariffs. GTA is not industrially used.

State of the art

Separately, there are no ways to improve energy efficiency and productivity of the processes of accumulation and reproduction of electricity in energy storage systems of the gravitational principle of action, which may be close analogues to the Method that is proposed here. Therefore, to familiarize themselves with the prior art, it is proposed to consider GTA devices and to describe the existing level of energy efficiency and productivity of the processes of accumulation and reproduction of electricity by describing how they function.

In the 20th century, the proposed methods for accumulating and reproducing electric energy in GTAs, as a rule, had three critical drawbacks: a low degree of adaptation of the GTA to work with an external electric network due to a mismatch in the level of electric load fluctuations, a low degree of mechanization and adaptation of processes for full automation, which creates an unacceptable the level of labor costs and low efficiency ¹ when performing the processes of accumulation and reproduction of electricity. A typical example is the method described in patent US37431 16A of 07/03/1973. It is proposed here to use a vertical lifting vehicle (elevator) to accumulate potential energy of masses of solids and use electric energy to operate electric elevator machines to lift working loads from several lower horizons to several upper horizons (floors of multi-storey buildings). Accordingly, when performing the process of lowering working loads from the upper floors to the lower using elevators, it was proposed to transfer kinetic energy to electric lift machines (generator) and reproduce electrical energy. As for the possibility of moving working loads on the storage, moving, loading and unloading horizons of these loads from the elevator, the mechanization of this process is not indicated at all in the document. The method described in patent US3743116A is mentioned here in order to visually trace the later development of technical thought, in particular, the issue of the development of mechanization and automation of processes is well traced here. Due to the fact that this GTA method involves a small electric power, the issue of matching the GTA load parameters with the external network parameters is not taken into account here. At the same time, this technical solution ensured the implementation of processes with low efficiency (efficiency is a characteristic of the system’s efficiency in converting or transferring energy, which is determined by the ratio of useful energy used to the total amount of energy received by the system or from the system). For the above reasons and also because of the low degree of mechanization and adaptability to process automation, the method described in US3743116A did not find industrial application.

Now, most of the technological solutions (methods) that were proposed at the end of the 20th and 21st centuries provide the possibility of using almost complete mechanization and have a high degree of adaptability to full automation of processes, but the critical problems of mutual acceptability and adaptation of the electrical load fluctuations of the GTA and the external network remain unresolved. There is also a low efficiency in the processes of energy storage and reproduction. The overall efficiency of the proposed GTA solutions is far from a sufficient level of 70-80%. Of course, in addition to these, there are other technical problems that are not critical, but have a significant impact on the economic performance of the construction and operation of the GTA. To solve these problems, acceptable solutions must also be invented.

From a number of widely known GTA concepts, I would like to single out a technical solution, which is described in document WO2013050343 A2, published on 04/11/13. Despite the fact that a patent for this application has not been issued, this solution, in my opinion, combines a whole area of the most promising methods of accumulation and reproduction of electricity with approximately similar general advantages and disadvantages, for example, RU 2529123 C2, US 3743116 A, US 20100301616 A1.

WO 2013050343 A2 proposes several GTA configuration options, each of which uses different configurations. equipment and methods of their interaction. Below are only those variants of GTA devices, of which WO 2013050343 A2 is indicated in the document, which are the closest analogues, that is, they provide for processes that can be improved by the Method:

(Claim 2.) The system for storing and extracting electric energy for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains solids consisting of artificial blocks (1), two storage positions (2.3) at different heights, inclined surface (4) and an elevator with transport platforms (1 1, 12), which are suspended by means of suspension means (10) from vertical (13.14) and horizontal (15.16) pulleys and can move along parallel tracks (5), carry artificial blocks (1) between storage positions (2,3), and the first brake (19) is installed on the first vert a steel pulley (13), which is connected via a first clutch (17) and a first gearbox (23) to an electric motor (21) during an electrical energy storage phase in which a second brake (20) is mounted on a second vertical pulley (14), which is connected through a second clutch (18) and a multiplier (24) with a generator (22) during the recovery phase of the stored energy, whereby the electric motor (21) is driven through a control device (25) and can be connected via a switch (27) to network (28) of electrical energy available for storage, then where, as a generator (22), the device (26) is driven by control and can be connected via a switch (27) to the network (29), which distributes the recovered energy to the electric power distribution network, as a result of which at the ends of the tracks (5) are loading and unloading devices (6.7) and means of transportation and storage (8.9) for artificial blocks (1). While the generator (22) is driven through a control device (26) and can be connected via a switch (27) in the network (29), which distributes in the restored energy to the electricity distribution network, and at the ends of the tracks (5) there are loading and unloading facilities (6.7) and transport and storage facilities (8.9) for artificial blocks (1), while the generator (22) is driven through the control device (26) and can be connected via a switch (27) in the network (29), which distributes the recovered energy to the electricity distribution network, and at the ends of the tracks (5) there are loading and unloading means (6.7) and transport and storage facilities (8.9) for artificial blocks (1).

(p.Z.) A system for storing and extracting electrical energy for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains solids consisting of artificial blocks (1), two storage positions (2,3) per different heights, inclined (4) and an elevator, consists of a platform-platform (31) of railway and rail type, moves between storage positions (2, 3) on tracks (5) through gears (33, 42) and (46), at during lifting, the gear (33) is driven through the first clutch (38) and gearbox (36) by an electric motor (34), which is provided with electric power through the drive device (43), the electrical conductor (99) and electronic roaming devices (45, 47) a network of electrical energy available for storage (48), resulting in a descent e gear (33) passes through the second clutch (39) and the multiplier (37) generator (35), which supplies the electric network (49) of electric energy through the electronic device (44), the electrical conductor (99) and electronic roaming devices (45, 47), with the help of which brakes (40, 41) are provided for holding the platform (31) by controlling its movement, while the electric motor (34) and the generator (35) are connected to the air or ground using a conductor (99) from the control device (43) and (44), respectively, using the switch (45) with which brakes (40, 41) are provided for holding the platform (31) in its position by controlling its movement, and by means of which the electric motor (34) and the generator (35) can be connected in air or on the ground with a conductor (99) through control devices ( 43) and (44), respectively, through the switch (45) with which the brakes (40, 41) are provided to hold the platform (31) in its position by controlling its movement, and with the help of which the electric motor (34) and the generator (35) can connect to the conductor (99) through control devices (43) and (44) respectively Through the switch (45).

(Clause 4.) A system for storing and extracting electric energy according to Claim 3, characterized in that the mass of the platform (31) is balanced by a counterweight, thereby setting the energy necessary for the mass of the vehicle (31) to move to zero.

(Clause 5.) The system for storing and extracting electric energy according to Claim 4, characterized in that the counterweight consists of a second platform (31), so the dead moments will be minimized and the system power will be doubled.

(Clause 17.) A system for storing and extracting electrical energy using one of claims 2-8, 10-13 and 16, characterized in that at the storage positions (2,3) of the subway platform (171) formed from the intermediate space , in which the cranes (172) move along the paths (173), and the cranes are equipped with loader cars (174), which are raised and lowered by hydraulic cylinders (175) and have forks (176) that enter the nests (17) 177), to raise artificial blocks (178), in As a result, at the storage stage, the cranes (172) lift the blocks (178) from the position in which the vehicle lowers it and moves it along another block, which is stored and sets so that parallel rows in height can be formed, and the opposite the process runs during the boot phase.

Based on the description set forth in WO 2013050343 A2, GTAs are intended for balancing power systems and managing a power consumption schedule. Energy accumulation in the GTA occurs due to the accumulation of potential energy of the raised mass of the solid, and energy reproduction occurs due to the conversion of the kinetic energy of the mass of the solid, which is lowered by gravity. To increase the volume of energy storage and reproduction, the GTA provides for the use of a shuttle transport scheme for many working cargoes by means of a lifting vehicle, for which logistics systems of the lower and upper horizons are being arranged. To increase the total power and productivity, it is proposed to use a system in which the GTA is made as separate units and will be combined with electric networks and a common control and automation system into a single complex. The scheme of shuttle movement of goods in the GTA is fully mechanized and has a high degree of adaptability to full automation. During the operation of the GTA, in a certain algorithm, electrical machines are connected to the consumption of electrical energy, converting electrical energy into mechanical work aimed at shuttling the movement of working loads, and during generation (when lowering the working load) mechanical work is transferred to electric machines for generation. The GTA performs energy storage cycles, which consist of three technological processes that consume electricity: two technological processes provide logistics for the movement of working loads at different storage height horizons and a process built-in between them to lift these cargoes from a lower height horizon to an upper height horizon. The GTA energy generation cycle consists of two processes that consume electricity, provide logistics for the movement of working loads at different elevation horizons and an energy-generating process for lowering working loads built between them by the electric drive of a lifting vehicle, where kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy. GTA has designs, mechanisms and equipment in accordance with the indicated processes of accumulation and reproduction of electricity. Technical modeling and analysis of options for the processes of accumulation and reproduction of electricity proposed in document WO 2013050343 A2 is performed based on an assessment of operating conditions. Accordingly, the energy efficiency of technical and technological solutions will be analyzed in terms of their impact on the efficiency of the system as a whole. Attention will also be paid to technical indicators that determine the performance parameters and technical feasibility of simultaneously using the installed capacity of the entire system and the response time of the system to changes in electrical load.

The usual conditions for the operation of a gas turbine provide for the presence of constant factors: working loads will have a certain equal constant mass - in the range from 60 to 120 tons or more. Lift height, tilt angle are also defined and constant. Certain functions of electric machines during cycles are also constant, or having constant change algorithms. The principle of operation of the GTA creates the conditions for the operation of electrical machines in intermittent modes.

Variable factors in normal operating conditions of the GTA are significant fluctuations in the incoming electrical load and fluctuations in the demand for load consumption by an external power supply network to which it is connected to the GTA. These fluctuations will require the GTA to respond appropriately quick and ultrafast to changes in load. The GTA reaction should be provided with the technical ability to accordingly quickly change the volumes of accumulation, or energy generation per unit time, in wide ranges of load changes, up to transitions from the accumulation mode to the generation mode and vice versa. In addition to the above, when performing accumulation and energy generation cycles, GTA electric machines produce a high outgoing level of load fluctuations, because when performing cycles, an intermittent connection sequence of electrical machines with different loads should be performed, and this factor makes additional changes in loads in conditions of intermittent operating modes.

Variable factors play a decisive role in the ability of the GTA to satisfy the technical requirements of the external network for the connection, given the essential parameters of the amplitude of the short-term oscillations of the GTA load. This raises the question in general to the possibility of connecting the GTA to an external network. Also, this factor is decisive for ensuring an acceptable level of GTA energy consumption as when performing cycles accumulation, and when performing cycles of reproduction of electricity.

In the document WO 2013050343 A2, neither the indicated methods nor the corresponding equipment, which allows solving the issue of mutual adaptation of non-coincident power fluctuations of the GTA and the external network. Also, the issue was not considered and neither the methods nor the corresponding equipment were specified, which allows for the operation of GTA electric machines in nominal conditions, under conditions of significant fluctuations in the electrical load.

Operation of a gas turbine is accompanied by an intermittent sequence of connecting electrical machines having different parameters of electric load, each of which has a significant dynamics of changes in load consumption in intermittently operating modes. Each connection and disconnection of electrical machines is accompanied by short-term load fluctuations with a significant amplitude, which is accordingly transmitted to an external network. This provides the most difficult or unacceptable technical conditions for connecting the GTA to an external network. There is a pattern - the higher the power of the GTA - the higher the amplitude of the short-term load fluctuation.

As for the energy efficiency parameters of the GTA in the conditions of load fluctuation of the external network. GTA provides the operation of electrical machines in intermittent modes. In these modes, a significant proportion of energy consumption is accounted for by transients of the electric drive, energy loss at the starting, accelerating and braking modes, inertia of the electric motor or generator, which significantly correlates to a decrease in the efficiency of electric machines. The maximum value of the efficiency is achieved only when the electric machines are in nominal conditions. Reducing the incoming load on the terminals of electric motors during the cycle of lifting the working load reduces the moment of force on the rotor of the electric motor, which leads to a decrease in the lifting speed of the working load up to a complete stop. Deviation from the nominal parameters of the electric load on the terminals of the electric motor, which is under mechanical loads, sharply reduces the efficiency of this electric machine to zero. The declared efficiency by manufacturers of electric machines - about 94%, is achieved only when the machines are in nominal conditions. An interrupted cycle, raising the working load, or slowing down the lifting speed also requires repeating the operating cycles of the electric motor - starting, starting, accelerating or braking, which leads to significant additional energy consumption during the operation of electric cars. Reducing the outgoing load on the terminals of the generator during the generation cycle (when lowering the working load) leads to changes in the parameters of the mechanical resistance that the generator creates and thus the working load starts to accelerate, while simultaneously accelerating the torque of the generator rotor. To prevent a breakdown, the brake mode must be applied to the free fall of the working load and the occurrence of an accident. In the absence of a sufficient level of power consumption load, all braking modes are performed only mechanically with loss (utilization) of energy. During the braking mode, the kinetic energy that the mass of the working load transmits is distributed between the generator and the braking system. The more braking force falls on mechanical brake systems - the less energy the generator receives. The deviation from the parameters of the moment of force that is transmitted to the generator is a deviation from the nominal operating mode of the generator. Energy losses occur both due to mechanical energy losses, and also due to a drop in the efficiency of the generator, which in this situation is operated outside the nominal mode. The interrupted cycle of lowering the working load also requires a repetition of the start-up modes of the generator with additional energy losses. In addition, each change in the rotational moments of the rotor of electric machines, their stopping and starting produce inertial energy losses.

In the aforementioned documents and in document WO 2013050343 A2, the procedure for carrying out a regular acceleration cycle and regular braking of electric machines is not specified.

The solution proposed in document WO 2013050343 A2 for the horizontal movement, loading, unloading and preparation of working loads at the lower and upper horizons does not provide for the optimization of cargo movement routes. Therefore, it is obvious that it is supposed to fulfill the extra irreversible energy costs for the unproductive movement of working cargo. It is proposed to arrange working cargoes (blocks) on each horizon of the GTA sequentially, one after another, which, accordingly, with an increase in the number of working cargoes (from the total mass of which the level of potential energy reserves should be formed) increases the distance of horizontal transportation with a corresponding increase in energy costs. As an option to reduce the distance, it is proposed to stack these working loads in several tiers, but at the same time it is proposed to carry out work with the corresponding energy costs associated with lifting goods to the stack tier, and lowering each working load (block) back to load to the loading platform of a lifting vehicle without returning energy. Since the process of moving working loads is carried out equally on the lower and upper horizons, unproductive energy expenditures also double. As additional options for improving the technology of WO 2013050343 A2, construction of multi-tier storage facilities with separate transport networks, or equipping all forklift trucks with modern recovery systems that will allow returning up to 55% of the energy spent on lifting, can be proposed. These solutions dramatically increase the consumption of materials, the need for additional equipment, and the cost of capital construction is therefore not what can be applied. In addition, in WO 2013050343 A2 technology, unproductive movements of working loads that will not be able to complete the full cycle of movements due to changes in the operating modes of the GTA will be performed quite often. That is, abnormal stops or interruptions and changing the cycles of the GTA to the opposite leads to additional energy losses.

The response time factor of the system to load fluctuations was not considered in WO 2013050343 A2. The usual indicator of the time for which mechanical systems of the corresponding power respond to the demand for the load of the external power supply is from 30 to 300 seconds.

The solutions proposed in document WO 2013050343 A2 in electric drive circuits necessarily include the use of gearboxes, or gearboxes, or other mechanical devices that are designed only to change the ratio of speed and torque (torque) from the drive shaft to the driven shaft. But, since the rotation speed and torque can be selected and installed structurally, and the regulation of the parameters of mechanical loads and the associated operating modes of the electric drive can be provided in other ways, for example: changes in braking torque to the generator due to a change in the electrical load on the terminals, or the use of braking modes electric machines, the use of gearboxes, gearboxes and other similar devices is redundant. The use of additional devices is associated with energy costs and an increase in material consumption and cost.

The technology proposed in document WO 2013050343 A2 suggests, at first glance, an obvious logical solution: pairwise operation of two interconnected systems of lifting vehicles to provide mutual counterbalance of cargo platforms. As a result, the loading platforms of each pair of lifting vehicles are in opposite phases of movement. But simple, obvious calculations show that the result of such a technical solution is to reduce the ability to simultaneously use the installed capacity (the sum of the passport capacities of the installed generators) of several GTA units combined into one system. This figure for the entire GTA system will be less than 50%. That is, when an equal number of lifting vehicles that make up the system performs productive work, then the same number of lifting vehicles (steam) with the same time cost moves unloaded platforms. In addition, part of the lifting vehicles are in the loading / unloading phase.

Conclusion: The key disadvantages of the methods proposed in document WO 2013050343 A2 are: the lack of technical ability or, at best, the technical controversy of the feasibility of connecting the GTA to the external network due to the significant amplitude of the short-term load fluctuation, is carried out by GTA electric machines. The proposed solutions have not solved the problem of ensuring the operation of electrical machines in nominal modes. Also, the problem of efficient redistribution and use of energy in braking conditions has not been solved. In addition, there are no technical solutions that during horizontal movement, loading, unloading and compilation of working loads at the lower and upper horizons reduce unproductive energy losses. Also, due to the imperfection of the technical organization of logistics solutions, the problem of eliminating energy costs that arise from canceling cycles and moving freight will be provided in the opposite direction has not been solved. These losses together have a decisive negative effect on the efficiency of the system as a whole. Also, the proposal to use unnecessary mechanisms, the work of which is also wasted energy, is also of negative importance. The ability to simultaneously use less than 50% of the installed capacity of the entire system with an unacceptably low GTA performance indicator. In addition, emergency power supply systems for emergency systems are not provided, which is also unacceptable.

Terms of Reference for Invention

In order for GTA technology to find industrial use, it is necessary to invent solutions that will eliminate the problem of mismatch in the amplitude of load fluctuations, producing GTA electric machines to enable the GTA to be connected to an external network, to invent solutions that will increase the overall system efficiency to an acceptable level of 70- 80%, and provide increased GTA performance with the ability to simultaneously use the installed capacity of the entire systems up to 75%. In order for the technology to be used also in decentralized energy supply systems, it is necessary to ensure the reaction time of the GTA to the need for an external network in load changes within 200-300 milliseconds.

Accordingly, it is necessary to invent a number of interrelated and complementary methods, the use of which will provide the solution to the following components of the tasks, which is the object of the invention.

Invented Method

The principle of operation of the claimed invention is illustrated graphically, where:

FIG. 1 Connection diagram for GTA and backup system.

1 - power supply line that connects the GTA with an external electrical network

2 - automated process control system

(APCS)

3 - device for converting AC to DC and vice versa

4 - DC battery pack

5 - power line

6 - GTA

7 - control system and automatic battery management

8 - communication network backup system

FIG. 2 - Landscape diagram, when it is advisable to use a device for lifting vertical loads.

9 - lifting vehicle

10 - multi-engine electric drive

11 - loading platform

12 - platform horizontal movement of working loads

13- counterweight

14 - counterweight cable

15 - rail track

16 - stiffness beam

17 - electric jacks for changing the angle of inclination of the rail

18 - work load

19 - rail loader

20 - horizontal projection of the height of the upper tier of working loads

FIG. 3 - Landscape diagram, when it is advisable to use a device for lifting loads of inclined design.

21 - the line of movement of the counterweight 22 - counterweight wheels

23 - emphasis on the design of the cargo platform of a lifting vehicle of inclined design

FIG. 4. Loading platform of a lifting vehicle

24 - rolling rollers (live rolls)

25 - guide beams of the mechanism of the platform horizontal movement of goods

26 - electric platform for horizontal movement of goods

27 - guide rollers of the vertical movement of the cargo platform

28 - elements for fixing the height horizon in the loading / unloading modes of the cargo platform

29 - a sliding element of the mechanism of the platform horizontal movement of goods

30 - structural element

FIG. 5. Regulation of the angle of inclination of rail tracks on the upper and lower horizons.

31 - platform horizontal movement and storage of goods

32 - axis of the angular movement of the rail

FIG. 6. Multi-motor drive

33 - shaft bearing

34 - generator shaft

35 - asterisk drive electric motor accelerated lift

36 - electric couplings

37 - the electrical chain sprocket

38 - electric motors of a pair of electric machines that provide lifting work loads

39 - generator

40 - winch drums

41- counterweight cables and cargo platform cables

42 - electric motor accelerated lift

43 - mechanical brake

44 - a shaft of a pair of electric machines that provide lifting work loads

45 - shaft winch reels

thirteen

FIXED SHEET (RULE 91) Brief Description of the Method

The solution to this problem is achieved through the use of the Method of increasing energy efficiency and productivity of the processes of accumulation and reproduction of electricity in energy storage systems of the gravitational principle of action, the mass of solids used to accumulate, store and reproduce electricity is used in the design and operation of GTA.

A power supply unit (4) with an automatic control system (7), a DC power supply unit, is connected to the power supply line (1), which connects the GTA to the external power supply, through a device that provides conversion of alternating current to direct and vice versa (3) (4) performs the reception and temporary storage of part or the total amount of electricity transmitted between the GTA (6) and the external network. This electric power is received by the DC battery pack with existing load parameters and transferred further with load parameters optimal for the receiving system, while part of the electric energy that was not transferred for storage to the DC battery pack (4) is transmitted directly from the transmitter to the receiver system. Depending on the direction of transmission of electricity and the GTA (6) and the external network can be a transmitting or receiving system. The energy reserve and storage capacity reserve of the DC battery pack (4) provide instant load balancing and ensure the operation of electric GTA machines in nominal conditions. In addition, the DC battery pack (4) constantly saves the amount of electric energy sufficient to power the emergency GTA systems (6) and, in the event of an emergency, provides emergency systems with this energy.

Moving working loads (18) at different height horizons is carried out only on a slope, for which before each new cycle, which involves changing the direction of transportation of working loads (18), the electrically conductive jacks changing the angle of inclination of the rail track (17) change the angle of inclination of the rail tracks (15) to create a slope in the direction of movement of the movement of working loads (18). After that, the rail loader (19) begins to carry out the movement of working loads (18). At the same time, the rail loader (19) always receives, transports and sets the working load (18) at a given horizontal height, with a maximum amplitude of height change of up to 15 centimeters. Stacking of working loads (18) is carried out by simple installation - one load is installed on another. Braking when lowering the working load (18) during the energy reproduction (generation) cycle, generation is performed using an electric motor of a pair of electric machines (38) that provide lifting of working loads. These electrical machines are reversible and are put into generator operation. Electric machines that operate in a generator mode under the influence of an electric load create a calculated mechanical resistance. To perform braking, additional mechanical resistance is connected. Additional mechanical resistance is created by connecting additional generating power with additional electrical load. For this, additional multi-engine electric drive machines are connected to the generation. For this purpose, it is possible to use both an engine on a single shaft with a generator, and connect additional electric machines that are mounted on shafts that are connected using an electric coupling (36).

The accelerated movement of an unloaded cargo platform (11) is performed by a separate accelerated lift motor (42), which, through a device that changes the torque (chain star gear or gearbox), is combined with the chain drive sprocket coupling (37) with a winch drum shaft ( 45) multi-motor electric hoisting vehicle. This ensures a high rotation speed of the winch drums (40), which with the help of fixed cables (41) having a multidirectional winding direction move the cargo platform (11) and the counterweight (13), which balances the weight of the cargo platform (1 1). For the speed of moving an unloaded cargo platform (1 1), the electric coupling (36) disconnects the shafts of other electric machines of the electric drive of the lifting vehicle.

To ensure the possibility of using the Method, the GTA must be provided with basic structural and technical solutions and have equipment that is offered in the well-known GTA technologies. The GTA has an energy system connected to an external electric network (1), which has an electric power transmission system (5), an automated process control system (ACS TP) (2), devices for switching and controlling the transmission of electric energy from an external energy network to the GTA (6) and in the opposite direction from the GTA (6) to the external power grid. GTAs are made as separate units combined with power lines (5) and systems (2) in a single complex. GTA has a calculated number of individual blocks. Each GTA unit has a lift a vehicle (9) of vertical or inclined design, which technologically connect the lower and upper platforms for storing and moving working loads. Each of these sites is equipped with a section of rail tracks (15) adjacent to the lifting vehicle (9). Each section of rail tracks (15) must be equipped with an automated rail loader (19) such as a gantry crane, which in turn must be equipped with electric drive mechanisms for moving and mechanisms for capturing, raising and lowering working loads. Each lifting vehicle (9) must be equipped with a counterweight (13), a set of working loads (18). Working loads (18) must have grooves that are geometrically consistent with the mechanisms for gripping, raising and lowering cargo of rail loaders (19). All mechanisms of the system and devices must be equipped and connected to the power supply systems of electric drives, to the automatic control systems of all devices and mechanisms that are connected to the control system (2).

In addition, to ensure the applicability of the Method, the GTA system must be provided with additional structural and technical solutions and have additional equipment: a system for balancing the electrical load of GTA electric machines and instantaneous balancing of incoming and outgoing power, which includes a block of DC batteries (4) with a device for converting AC to DC and vice versa (3) and a control and automatic control system for the battery. The design of each lifting vehicle (9) must exceed the level of horizontal projection of the height of the upper tier of working loads (20). Each lifting vehicle is equipped with a multi-engine electric drive (10). Cargo platforms (11) of lifting vehicles (9) are provided with platforms for horizontal movement of goods (12) which, in turn, have elements for fixing the height horizon in loading / unloading modes of the cargo platform (28). Rail loaders (19) are equipped with counterparts of the elements for fixing the height horizon in the loading / unloading modes of the cargo platform (11). Rail tracks (15) are mounted on stiffeners (16), which are mounted on electrically conductive jacks to change the angle of inclination of the rail track (17). Each lifting vehicle (9) is equipped with a hybrid multi-motor electric drive (U), which consists of three or more elements - the shaft of the generator (34), the shaft of a pair of electric machines (or the shafts of several pairs of reversible electric machines) that provide lifting of working loads (44) and shaft winch drums (45). Each individual shaft is fitted with shaft bearings (33). Shafts are interconnected by electro couplings (36). The generator shaft (34) is rigidly connected to the generator rotor or sequentially connects the rotors of two generators, while the total installed power of the two generators

(39) corresponds to the required installed capacity. The shaft of a pair of electric machines that provide lifting of working loads (44) rigidly connects sequentially sequentially installed rotors of a pair of electric machines that provide lifting of working loads (38). Winch drums (40) are rigidly mounted on the shaft of the winch drums (45). One winch drum is connected by lifting cables (41) to the loading platform (11), and the second winch drum (41) is connected by cables to the counterweight (13). The counterweight (13) of the sloping vehicle (9) of the inclined embodiment has a counterbalance travel line (21) and counterweight wheels (22). Counterweight cables and cargo platform cables (41) have opposite directions of winding onto winch drums

(40). The shaft of the winch drums (45) is equipped with an electrofusion coupling, which provides a connection to the chain sprocket (37), which receives torque from the accelerated lift motor (35). The GTA must be equipped with an emergency electromechanical brake system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It is further proposed that you familiarize yourself with the details of the invention in the process of describing the operation of a GTA using the Method:

GTA is designed for specified parameters, taking into account the parameters of the rated operation of each GTA unit during energy storage and reproduction. The calculation is based on the parameters of the combination of capacities of individual GTA units. The variability of power modes of individual GTA units is taken into account.

For the successful application of the Method, the algorithms of the automated process control system of the automatic process control system (2) of the gas turbine are calculated and executed only on the basis of the parameters for the complete completion by each separate gas turbine unit (6) of each full cycle of movement of an individual workload (18), which, according to the purpose of the cycle, provides either accumulation of an appropriate amount of energy, or its reproduction. This condition is one of the key requirements for the design of GTA (6). Since the application of the Method, through the use of a block of DC batteries (4), makes it possible to constantly have and use the accumulated energy reserve and spare capacity reserve for energy consumption for storage, this technical solution allows using this operational reserve of capacities for simultaneous balancing of external network power and GTA. Therefore, the operating conditions of the GTA (6), incorporated into the ACS TP algorithm (2), completely exclude the possibility of intermediate stops during the full cycle. To fulfill the aforementioned technical conditions, the automatic process control system (2) in a given algorithm provides the connection of GTA systems and actuators (6). The algorithm laid down in the industrial control system (2) uses statistical indicators of the real-time load and calculates and gives signals for connecting to the use of the calculated power (individual units) of the GTA (6), ensures the minimum use of reserve capacities taking into account the above-mentioned technical conditions for the operation of the GTA (6) . The DC battery pack (4), which is connected to the power supply line (5) through the AC to DC converter and vice versa (3), which connects the GTA to an external power supply network (1). Connection to the use of individual batteries included in the DC battery pack (4) for charging or for the generation of electricity is ensured by the control and automatic control system of this battery (7). The DC battery pack (4), in combination with the AC to DC conversion device (3) and the control and automatic control system for this battery (7), as well as the backup system communication network (8) are hereinafter referred to as backup system.

The backup system, depending on the capacity and storage capacity, can be used in buffer, compensation, or in combined modes. When used in buffer mode, the backup system must use a block of DC batteries (4) of greater total power and capacity. In the buffer mode, the circuit for connecting to electric networks is used, when all the load on the external network (1) is supplied to the intermediate storage system in the backup system, and then from the backup system, in the optimal mode for the GTA (6), the load is transferred to the storage system in the GTA (6) ) That is, while part of the accumulating capacities of the backup system receives energy from the external network, another part provides energy for the GTA, and thus part of the accumulating capacities of the backup system, changing the phases of energy storage and delivery, provide energy storage of the GTA (6). If it is necessary to transfer energy from the GTA (6) to the external network (1) - accordingly, in the same way, energy is transmitted through the backup system to the external network. But in this case, the capacity and capacity of the backup system can be up to 10 or more percent of the power and capacity of the GTA, and the super-intensive mode of operation of the backup system can negatively affect the battery life backup system (4). The backup system of much lower power and storage capacity can be used in compensation mode, that is, a connection scheme to electric networks is used when the bulk of the load is transferred directly from the external network (1) to the GTA (6) or in the opposite direction (depending on the execution of the cycle accumulation or generation), and only surplus loads and volumes of electric energy are sent to the backup system for storage to maintain the operational balance of the backup system. In this case, the control system and automatic control of DC batteries (7) constantly, in real time, maintains a balance of the filled and free capacities of the DC battery pack (4), provides instant removal of short-term excess power, or delivers energy instantly to cover short-term power failures . For use in combined mode, the backup system, which has the technical ability to work in the buffer mode, has two algorithms for using the buffer mode and the compensation mode, while it has the technical ability to use one or another scheme for connecting to electric networks.

The electric machines of the GTA unit (6), which is determined by the ACS TP system (2) for performing the energy storage process according to a certain algorithm, provide the execution of functions by controlling the drives of the corresponding mechanisms, equipment, devices, etc. This is done as follows: the electrically conductive jacks of changing the angle of inclination of the rail track (17) provide the angle of inclination of the rail tracks of the lower and upper horizons of the GTA units (6), which are involved in performing energy storage cycles. During accumulation, the angle of inclination of the rail tracks provides a bias in the lower horizon - towards the lifting vehicle (9), and on the upper horizon - from the lifting vehicle (9). A rail loader (19) lifts a certain working load (18), raises it by 3-5 cm and carries it to a lifting vehicle (9). The loading platform (11) is fixed with a mechanical brake (43) at the height of the stack tier from which the working load is transported. The electric drive of the platform for horizontal movement of working loads (26) provides extension of the platform for horizontal movement of working loads (12) and provides mechanical articulation with the design of the rail loader (19), which was loaded with a working load (18) and installed in a specific place for transferring the working load (18) ) A rail loader (19) lowers the lifting mechanisms, the working load (18) is installed on the platform for horizontal movement of working loads (26), which moves to a certain position on the loading platform (11) and is disconnected from the rail loader (19). Shaft of a pair of electric machines for lifting working loads

(44) using an electrofusion coupling (36) combined with a winch drum shaft

(45). Other electrical couplings (36) disconnect all other shafts with other electrical machines and drives. Electric motors of a pair of electric machines that provide the lifting of working loads (38) begins to rotate the shaft of the winch drums (45), which rotates, unwinds the counterweight cables and wraps the cables of the cargo platform (41), ensuring the lifting of the cargo platform (11) to the upper horizon and ensures its stop at the height of the stack tier, which is defined for the installation of the working load (18). During the stop, the loading platform (11) is fixed by a mechanical brake (43). The process of unloading the working load (18) on the upper horizon occurs in the reverse sequence of the loading process. The process of moving an unloaded cargo platform (11) to perform the next cycle of loading and moving the working load (18) occurs at an increased speed, in an energy-saving mode. This movement is carried out by an accelerated lift electric motor (42), which, using its own drive (chain or belt drive, etc.), transmits torque to the drive sprocket of the accelerated lift electric motor (35), which is combined with the help of the chain drive sprocket coupling (37) with a winch drum shaft (45). The rotation of the winch drums (40) to which the counterweight cables and the cargo platform cables (41) are attached, which have a multidirectional winding direction, move the cargo platform (11) simultaneously with the counterweight (13), which balances the weight of the cargo platform (11). At the time of high-speed movement of the unloaded cargo platform, the electric coupling (36) disconnects all other electric drive shafts of the lifting vehicle. When using an inclined lifting vehicle, for the counterweight (13), the counterweight movement line (21) is equipped, and the counterweight (13) is equipped with counterweight wheels (22).

The electric machines of the GTA unit (6), which is determined by the automatic process control system (2), perform the same sequence of actions to perform the energy reproduction process, but in the opposite direction, with the exception of some changes in the constituent processes. When reproducing energy, the angle of inclination of the rail tracks provides a bias on the lower horizon - from the lifting vehicle (9), and on the upper horizon - towards the lifting vehicle (9). The generator shaft (34) with the help of an electrofusion coupling (36) is combined with the shaft of the winch drums (45). Other electrical couplings (36) disconnect all other shafts. Because the the nominal parameters of the generator (a reversible electric machine, switched to the generator mode) are designed to create a given mechanical load at rated electric load, which ensures a constant speed of the loaded cargo platform down and thus the Method ensures a cycle with a clear correspondence of the electric parameters load, the generator almost from the beginning of the movement goes into the nominal mode of operation, which positively affects the efficiency. After a certain movement time, at a certain descent height, braking is performed. Braking is performed by additional mechanical load, which is created by connecting additional generated power. This process is carried out by connecting to the work during braking additional electric machines that operate in a generator mode and have a calculated electrical load. To perform braking, either a generator of a pair of electric machines on one shaft or an additional connection of additional electric machines that are mounted on a separate shaft by an electromuft (36) can be connected. Thus, the required configuration of electric machines is created, which are connected to the shaft of the winch drums (45) and create the specified parameters of the mechanical load. If necessary, to perform an exact stop of the cargo platform (11) at a given point, one of the electric machines involved is put into the braking mode. After the cargo platform (11) is completely stopped, the height determined by the automated process control system (2), the position of the cargo platform (1 1) is fixed by a mechanical brake (43) and the process of unloading the working load (18) begins.

Technical result

The technical result of the invented Method is the solution of technical problems that are formulated in the terms of reference - the problem of the mismatch of the amplitude of the fluctuations in the loads of the external network and the loads that are produced by GTA electric cars is solved. Thus, the technical ability to connect the GTA to an external network was created. A technical opportunity has been created for obtaining the efficiency of the system as a whole to an acceptable level of 70-80%. A technical opportunity was created to increase the performance of the GTA and at the same time use the installed capacity of the entire system to 75%. The technical ability has been created to perform the GTA reaction to load changes within 200 - 300 milliseconds.

The tasks that are formulated in the terms of reference and the solution of which is proposed in this Method provide a solution to the problem of non-compliance the oscillation amplitudes of the external network loads and the loads that GTA electric cars produce. This method through the use of a backup system provides the technical ability to connect the GTA to the external network with the parameters of the reaction time of the GTA to the need to respond to changes in the load of the external network within 200 - 300 milliseconds. The existing technical parameters of a number of high-quality DC battery systems, including lithium-ion, lead and similar batteries and supercapacitor systems, allow you to design a combination of individual battery packs that will be able to receive and deliver electricity in accordance with the required amplitude of load fluctuations, if the backup system is designed and construction took into account this range of fluctuations. DC batteries have the ability to deliver all the stored energy in a volume close to the installed capacity almost simultaneously. The nominal reaction rate of DC batteries is between 200 and 300 milliseconds.

The tasks that are formulated in the technical task and the solution of which ensures the achievement of the efficiency of the system as a whole to an acceptable level of 70-80% in this Method is solved by using a backup system that ensures the operation of electric GTA machines in nominal modes. The efficiency of electric machines when operating in nominal modes is 94-96%. Breaks in cycles that require energy-consuming modes: repetitions of starts, acceleration, braking and canceling cycles are completely eliminated. Also eliminated the cost of using unnecessary mechanisms that transmit and turn torque, which reduces energy costs by 4-6%. The possibility of using two instead of one electric machine, with a total corresponding power of 50%, reduces the energy costs of the inertia of electric machines. The proposed speed braking system at the end of the energy reproduction cycle allows you to effectively redistribute the braking energy and direct up to 75% of the kinetic energy that is released along the stopping distance to generate electricity. The proposed logistics system for the movement of working loads on the upper and lower storage horizons, due to the transportation of working goods only in the direction of the slope, for a short distance and without the irretrievable cost of energy for lifting working loads during stacking, provides the ability to withstand the minimum indicator of energy costs for horizontal logistics. The tasks that are formulated in the technical task and the solution of which provide an increase in productivity by providing the ability to simultaneously use up to 75% of the installed capacity of the GTA in this Method is solved by refusing mutual balancing of the weight of the cargo platforms, and instead use a separate counterweight and a separate electric motor with electric drive , providing accelerated movement of an unloaded cargo platform and, thus, with minimal energy consumption, the movement is not agruzhennoy loading platform at an accelerated pace - in three or more times faster.

The technical result is further described below with a comparative analysis of the technical parameters of the GTA without and using the claimed invention.

Claims

CLAIM

A way to increase energy efficiency and productivity of the processes of accumulation and reproduction of electricity in solid-state electroaccumulating systems of the gravitational principle of action, where the accumulation of energy occurs due to the accumulation of potential energy of the raised mass of the solid, and the reproduction of energy occurs due to the conversion of the kinetic energy of the mass of the solid, which falls under the influence of gravity where to increase the volume of energy storage and reproduction the use of the shuttle transport scheme for many units of working cargo by means of a single lifting vehicle was established, for which logistics systems of the lower and upper horizons are arranged, a system is used where several lifting vehicles are combined by electric networks and a common control and automation system into a single complex connected to an external electric network , which differs in that in the power supply line (1), which connects the GTA (6) with an external power supply, through a conversion device AC to direct and reverse (3), a DC battery pack (4) is connected with a control and automatic battery management system (7) that accepts and temporarily stores part or the total amount of electric power transmitted between the GTA (6) and the external network, this electricity is received by the DC battery pack (4) with the set load parameters and is issued from storage with optimal load parameters for the receiving system, while some of the electric energy is not transmitted I for storage in a block of DC batteries (4), but it is transmitted directly from the transmitting to the receiving system, depending on the direction of electric power transmission, and GTA (6) and the external network are used as a transmitting and / or receiving system, in addition to this, the battery pack DC (4) constantly saves the amount of electric energy sufficient to supply emergency GTA systems (6) and in case of emergencies provides emergency energy with this energy, the movement of working loads (18) and at different elevation horizons it is carried out only downhill, for which, before the start of each new cycle, which

26

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) provides for a change in the direction of transportation of working goods, electrically conductive jacks for changing the angle of inclination of the rail

(17) change the angle of inclination of the rail tracks (15) to create a slope in the direction of movement of the movement of working loads (18), after which the rail loader (19) begins to carry out the movement of working loads (18), while the rail loader (19) always accepts, transports and installs cargo (18) at the same horizontal height, with a maximum amplitude of change in height of up to 15 centimeters, installation of working cargo (18) on a cargo platform (11) is carried out using an electric drive platform for horizontal movement of working cargo (12), which It is an integral part of the mechanisms of the loading platform (11), onto which the working load (18) is directly installed and which, during the overload of working loads (18), carries out horizontal movement for technological connection with the design of the rail loader (19), which makes it possible for the lifting mechanisms of the rail loaders (19) carry out the capture or release of working loads

(18) at a certain place, stacking of working loads (18) is carried out by simple installation, one on top of the other, the lifting vehicle (9) is equipped with a multi-motor drive (10), the configuration of which ensures braking when lowering the working load (18) during the reproduction cycle energy (generation) when a mechanical resistance is added to the mechanical resistance that the generator creates under electrical load, or two paired generators (39), which when braking creates an electric engines of a pair of electric machines that provide lifting of working loads (38), one of which operates in a generator mode, and the second in a braking mode, the execution of an increased speed of movement of an unloaded cargo platform (11), which is performed by a separate accelerated lifting electric motor (42), which through the device that changes the torque provides rotation of the winch drums (40), and when performing an increased speed of movement of an unloaded cargo platform (11), to other electric machines lektroprivoda lifting the vehicle (10), the torque is not transmitted, when using the lifting

27

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) of the vehicle (9) of inclined design, for the counterweight (13) equip the highway for moving the counterweight (21), and the counterweight is equipped with counterweight wheels (22).

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)