WO2020040667A1 - Diffusor, damper-diffusor and device for accommodating same - Google Patents

Abstract

A decompressor relates to muzzle devices and is used for non-homogeneous expansion of rapidly moving high-pressure gas media into the atmosphere. The field of application of the decompressor is multichamber silencers of the diffusion type, which are intended for mechanically suppressing sound when a gun is fired or when a rapidly moving gaseous medium under high pressure in a gun barrel is released. A damper-diffusor relates to muzzle devices and has the purpose of maximum possible reduction of the level of noise created by the wave pressure of a gas stream being released from the damper-diffusor. The field of application of the damper-diffusor is multichamber dampers of the diffusion type intended for mechanically suppressing sound when a gun is fired or when a rapidly moving gaseous medium under high pressure in a gun barrel is released. A device for allowing rapidly moving gaseous media under high pressure to be released into the atmosphere with a reduced level of noise is configured as multichamber dampers of the diffusion type, intended for mechanically suppressing sound when a gun is fired or when a rapidly moving gaseous medium under high pressure in a gun barrel is released.

Description

 Description of the group of inventions

 Expander, damper expander and device for their placement.

Technical field

 The scope of the decompressor is multi-chamber expansion silencers designed to mechanically suppress sound when fired from small arms or when a rapidly moving gaseous medium expires under high pressure in the channel. Decompressor refers to muzzle devices. The decompressor serves for the non-homogeneous expansion of rapidly moving high-pressure gas environments into the atmosphere.

 The scope of the damper-expander is multi-chamber expansion silencers designed to mechanically suppress sound when fired from small arms or when a rapidly moving gaseous medium expires under high pressure in the channel. Damper-extender refers to muzzle devices.

 The purpose of the damper-expander is to minimize the noise level generated by the pressure of the wave of the outgoing gas stream from the damper-expander.

 The scope of the device for ensuring the outflow of rapidly moving high-pressure gas environments into the atmosphere with a reduced noise level is expansion chamber silencers designed to mechanically suppress sound when fired from small arms or when a rapidly moving gaseous medium expires under high pressure in the channel. It is also possible to use the device as a silencer for various types of small arms. For example, for types of small arms that do not have threads at the end of the barrel, do not obscure their sights, and also quick-fire weapons.

The purpose of the device is to reduce as much as possible the noise level generated by the pressure of the wave of the outgoing gas stream from the channel. The device can also be used to suppress noise generated by gas flowing from internal combustion engines, as well as in pneumatic and hydro-technical facilities when gases flow from pipelines into the environment at a speed higher than the speed of sound in a given environment and with an excess of atmospheric pressure by 2 or more times.

 State of the art

 The prior art invention is known as the “Muzzle device of a barrel of a firearm” patent RU2 355 976, published May 20, 2009, MIIKF41A 21/32, comprising an acceleration part with gas vents, a casing, N> 1 compartments are formed between the casing and the acceleration part, each the compartment provides the outflow of powder gas from the compartment. In it, Si has the smallest i-ro compartment area, the compartments have two longitudinal walls that limit the compartment in the longitudinal direction and the outer casing with the formation of a gap between the longitudinal wall of the compartment and the outer casing R> l, the channel of the upper part is equipped with a muzzle narrowing, the smallest diameter of which is 0 , 95 ... 0.98 of the diameter of the channel of the upper part, the upper part is made integral and contains at least two elements. However, this invention serves to reduce the recoil momentum, the muzzle flame when firing in the air, and also to reduce the recoil momentum. The reflection of the powder gas in the lateral direction from the firing line significantly enhances the effect on the arrow of a sound shock wave due to the fact that the accelerating part and the outer casing, the gap between which forms one or more compartments, bounded by walls in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction. There will be no reduction in sound shock wave with this design. Therefore, it cannot be used for the muffler component; it does not provide for the continuous flow of gases from the walls of the vortex chambers.

The invention is known “Silencer of shot sound”, patent RU2513342, publ. 04/20/2014, MIIKF41A 21/30, containing partitions with holes for the passage of a bullet, together forming a separator, a glass, the walls of which form an additional volume with a casing. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of silencing the sound of a shot for small arms systems with a non-intensive firing mode by increasing the time of gas outflow through the silencer. Refers to the field of armament and is aimed at improving the muffler of the sound of a shot. However, it is unreasonably large due to the need to create a significant internal volume and is limited in use due to the working conditions of the muffler. It does not provide non-homogeneous expansion of rapidly moving high-pressure gas media and continuous gas flow with critical the nozzle cross section along the entire cascade of vortex chambers, since the central dense flow is not taken anywhere, but carries 2/3 of the energy.

 Known closest to the claimed technical solution of the invention "Muzzle device of a firearm", patent RU110177, publ. 10.11.2011, MI1KF41A 21/30, which is taken as a prototype. The device comprises an expansion chamber configured to discharge into the atmosphere one part of the gases in the longitudinal direction of the bullet’s movement and the other part, the gas removal in the transverse direction of the bullet’s movement, is equipped with an insert, which respectively form the second, third and fourth expansion chambers. This technical solution allows to increase the resource by preventing the deposition of combustion products during the removal of powder gases in the transverse direction. Refers to means of reducing the sound volume of a shot. However, the removal of powder gases from the chamber in the transverse direction is carried out through the annular cavity, which creates an unstable mode of operation of the nozzle blocks, does not allow to realize the full potential of the geometry of the expansion chambers. As a result of this, the central rod dense flow is not destroyed, the gas discharged to the sides with large openings will create a shock wave in the atmosphere, and with small openings the chambers will fill up and the gas will cease to be discharged. Consequently, this design does not provide non-homogeneous expansion of rapidly moving high-pressure gas media and continuous flow of gases with a critical nozzle section along the entire cascade of vortex chambers, since the central dense flow is not taken anywhere, but carries 2/3 of the energy.

The prior art invention is known as "Silencer for small arms", patent RU65635, publ. 08/10/2007 Bull. Ns 2, MIIKF41A 21/30, comprising a housing, a swirl, chambers with a funnel-shaped diaphragm having an estimated degree of curvature of the forming funnel-shaped diaphragms. Represents an expansion type silencer, designed to mechanically suppress sound when fired from small arms. It allows implementing, due to the mathematical model of sound generation, changes in the internal design of the muffler at the locations of inclined diaphragms with holes in the form of annular sectoral regions and a chamber with a funnel-shaped diaphragm. They make it possible to achieve a reduction in the speed of turbulence of powder gases in comparison with a standard muffler with the previous geometric dimensions of the muffler, which leads to a decrease in the level of sound intensity (volume) by 12 dB. IN the proposed design, efficiency is achieved through the use of curved partitions of a complex profile, when in its body are created: gas flow rotation, counterflows and turbulent turbulence. However, the proposed design geometry will require a huge size. Due to this, the impossibility of practical use, this reduces the effectiveness of the muffler. The speed is reduced only by increasing the path length of the gas stream, at such steep angles of the spiral, the gas will not get into the spiral, since it will encounter very high counterflow resistance, and therefore, such a silencer will not work.

 The invention is known “Silencer of shot sound”, patent RU2374590ony6n.27.11.2009, MI1KF41A 21/30, in which elastic elements are located in the annular cavity - dampers in the form of hermetic bellows, and the muffler is divided into two parts and both are connected to the annular cavity. Such a silencer makes it possible to more completely fill the flow chambers with powder gas and, consequently, reduce the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the silencer through the central openings in the walls of the chambers, which are made with different diameters, increasing as the walls move away from the muzzle of the barrel. However, the invention mistakenly used the fact that the spring-loaded obturation channel practically does not dampen the longitudinal vibrations of the gas during firing and can have a disturbing effect on the bullet. The proposed design cannot work, since the bullet speed is at least 300 m / s, even with a silencer length of 300 mm, and the design shows 150 mm, therefore, the time during which the bullet will go through the entire silencer (typical exposure time) will be no more than t = S / V = 0.3 / 300 = 0.00lc (and in fact 10 times less). During this time, the mechanical system of the piston and spring cannot work due to inertia, since at a speed of 300 m / s the resistance will be proportional to the resistance of water or a concrete wall.

 Closest to the proposed technical solution is the invention, which is taken as a prototype, "Muzzle device", patent RU2202751, publ. 04/20/2003, IPC F41A 21/32, the purpose of which is to create a design

muzzle device for small arms. The device comprises a housing with an inlet chamber, containing expansion chambers and a bullet channel formed by successively arranged elements of the same configuration, the cavities of the expansion chambers are toroidal in shape. Using device A muzzle device is achieved with the greatest possible degree of silencing of the sound, which ensures a decrease in the return of weapons and the complete elimination of the muzzle flame. However, the proposed design of the expansion chambers creates a rotation of the gas stream, which breaks the steady outflow of the main stream of gases, preventing the exit of gases through the bullet hole. The disadvantages of this device are: the effect of gases on the bullet passing the expansion chamber, and its deviation towards the lowest pressure due to the uneven flow; bullet deflection is facilitated by non-perpendicular axis of the bullet hole in the walls of the inlet and outlet openings of the expansion chambers, which will always be made with manufacturing tolerances; deviation of the bullet during the passage of the muzzle device inevitably leads to a deterioration in the accuracy of fire of weapons in proportion to the number of expansion chambers. In addition, in this design, despite the fact that symmetric vortex (rotational) chambers are used and deflecting disturbances to the bullet, they will be significantly reduced, but the main drawback of their device is that they use chambers (vortex). This leads to the fact that the vortices formed in them only worsen the operation of the device, since they are organized according to a different principle. The vortices rotate in the toroidal chamber from the inside out, and this does not lead to the intersection of flows, as shown in the drawings of the patent. The absence of intersection is due to the fact that due to the rotation of the vortex, the centrifugal force will push the gas flow from the center of the vortex to its edges, reducing the density in the center. Thus, the gas flow into the chamber of the proposed design will not get or it will get even less than in a regular rectangular chamber, in which vortices do not form. Therefore, the structurally proposed device is similar to a device with perpendicular partitions, but it will work worse. As a result of this, there will be no decrease in the pressure of the wave from the outgoing gas stream to reduce the noise level to an acceptable level. In the context of the application, an acceptable level for small arms is when the shot is indistinguishable in the noise environment of a standard street from 100 meters. Also for special weapons, this distance is taken equal to 20 meters.

The prior art knows the invention described earlier, "silencer for small arms", patent RU 65 635, which uses a swirl, which is a "spiral staircase". This patent states that the noise level is reduced by increasing the flow path of the powder gases. However, this invention does not use non-homogeneous expansion of the flow and the organization of toroidal flows.

 The closest technical solution is the invention "Silencer of the sound of the shot, made by the technology of selective laser metal alloying", patent RU2652767, publ. 28.04.2018, Bull. N ° 13, IPC F41A 21/30, which is taken as a prototype. The device is equipped with a working part with partitions for the removal of powder gases into the volume of the device, excluding the following of the main volume of gases behind the bullet, which is achieved due to the cellular body, which is obtained in the manufacture of the product by laser fusion. The parameterized cell membrane is an analogue of a porous multichannel diffusion matrix with a structure of strict shape, size and orientation. However, as a result of organizing only the roughness of the surface of the elements, it is not possible to distribute the stream jets in such a way that the flow is not homogeneous in the central part of the product, then along the flow path the flow would be substantially slowed down due to high pressure zones, and the main part of the gas flow would be discharged to the periphery with a significant decrease in its temperature and speed due to the lengthening of the path, which would ensure the outflow of the gas flow through the distributed holes Stia progressive total consumable section in the body of the device. In the above prototype device, the main gas flow will follow the bullet and it will not be able to reduce the noise level much, since the design does not take into account that sound waves are already generated in the air as a result of shock-adiabatic expansion of the expiring powder gases, and the proposed cellular structure does not does not affect shock adiabatic expansion after their expiration. The device described in the prototype is a variant of the storage silencer.

 Regular silencers use the same principle - by any constructive methods they reduce the pressure of the outflowing gas at the outlet to the atmosphere, which reduces the noise level. There are two ways to reduce the pressure of the outflowing gas:

1. To expand the gas from the pressure at the outlet of the barrel (40-600 atmospheres at a temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius) to a pressure of less than <2 atm. Only it will have to be expanded smoothly so that there is no separation of the flow, and this (for standard small arms) will require the construction of a nozzle three meters long, which is not acceptable. 2. Using the property that during the shot the outflow is batch (pulsating), and not constant (stationary), the combustion of 1 gram of gunpowder creates about 1 liter of gases. Accordingly, you can quickly accumulate gas during the shot and then for a long time (not comparable with the duration of the shot) slowly expand and release it into the atmosphere with less pressure. Moreover, if the residence time in the muffler is long, then the gas will still have time to cool down and, therefore, its pressure will decrease.

 It is this circuit that almost all the standard devices presented use.

 In fact, all standard silencers are a cylinder with a valve at the inlet and outlet. The task of the inlet valve is to let the gas in and not to let it back. The task of the valve at the outlet is to close as soon as possible immediately behind the bullet (the faster, the better) and reduce the outlet cross-section, since the gas flow rate will be determined by the cross-section, and through the reduced opening, vent the gas into the atmosphere, expanding it to atmospheric pressure at the outlet. These valves can be physical, for example, in the form of a “rocker” inside the body, which swings to close one hole and opens another, or put rubber cuffs that are moved apart by a bullet and pulled behind it, reducing the hole to a minimum. However, the mechanical system has an inertia, and the bullet passes the volume of the silencer in a time of about 0.001 seconds, so the mechanical rocker, due to inertia, simply does not have time to work well in such a short time. Rubber cuffs (seals) wear out very quickly due to high friction on the surface of a fast moving bullet, they last for no more than 10 high-quality shots. In addition, mechanical shutters in contact with the bullet introduce asymmetric disturbances, which increases dispersion and reduces accuracy.

The second type of valves is gas-dynamic locking, the essence of which is the use of different geometric shapes of partitions and channels that impede the passage of gas in the axial direction to ensure the desired result, for example, labyrinth seals. All known designs of bezturaturny silencers are variations on the theme of labyrinth seals, the essence of which, with good geometry, is that the gas flow is easy to flow into the chamber and difficult to flow out of it due to the turbulence formed. As a result, a stepwise decrease in pressure is achieved from chamber to chamber, and gas flows into the atmosphere with a smaller excess of pressure, which causes a decrease in sound volume. Moreover the asymmetry coefficient (input - output) in most designs is usually not high and standard products when replacing the input with the output and vice versa work with the same result, which should not be. The standard design has high aerodynamic drag, so all the gas from the barrel does not have time to get into the muffler until the moment when the retracted sleeve opens the chamber and the gas escapes from there, making a sound. Known standard designs have one common significant drawback - this is a very small number of good shots due to wear of the shutters and / or chemical fillers and they are suitable only for shooting at a very low rate.

 For the muffler to work effectively, it is necessary to contain the gas from the shot at high speed, temporarily accumulate it, and then slowly release it into the atmosphere at a lower speed. Thus, the geometry of the silencer cavities only works until the silencer is filled with gas, and it is filled very quickly. In known technical solutions, with a bullet speed of 300 m / s and a length of not more than 300 mm, the gas reaches the end of the muffler in a time not exceeding 0.001 seconds, and the time of gas outflow from the barrel (development of the firing process) is approximately 0.05 seconds, i.e. at least 50 times more than is accepted in the calculations of analogues. Thus, all analogues of the device operate only 2% of the time as a silencer (in accordance with the processes described in these inventions) and 98% of the shot time of the analog devices simply work like a cylinder with pressure in the ratio of Ustvol / Muffler from the initial pressure. Thus, after filling the silencers described in the above inventions, regardless of their internal geometry, after 0.001 seconds, they work just like a gas cylinder, the flow rate of which is determined by the diameter of the outlet and only one. The boundary conditions of the known applicable schemes can be calculated in advance. For example, it is known that 1 gram of gunpowder after combustion gives 1 liter of gas, so that their design works as a silencer it must have a volume that can accommodate all the powder gas from the shot of a particular cartridge (and this will require a very large size to achieve an acceptable sound level) , and with a cartridge having a larger powder mount, it will no longer work.

The third drawback of all known designs is the inability to use in devices with a high rate of fire, since they reduce the pressure at the exit due to the considerable stretching of the expiration process in time, usually of the order of 0.25 seconds, and if the second shot occurs before the gas from the previous shot completely left the muffler, then the pressure drop in the muffler does not occur at all, since it is already full. Therefore, the noise level from shots following the first does not significantly decrease, i.e. effective shooting with silencers of known designs is possible only up to a speed of no higher than 4 rounds per second (240 per minute), while a Kalashnikov assault rifle, for example, has a rate of fire of 650-700 rounds per minute, and Ml 6 - 800 rounds per minute.

 Disclosure of Invention

 An inventive task is to create such a structure in which a non-homogeneous expansion of the gas flow is formed (outflowing rapidly moving high-pressure gas media into the atmosphere). At the same time, at the outlet of the decompressor, it is required to “soften” the shock wave of the effluent stream, dividing it into separate jets, in which the character of the gas flow changes so that these gases get into the atmosphere already with characteristics for which less noise is produced than could be at direct expiration from the trunk. In other words, the pressure (excess of pressure over atmospheric) of the gas wave flowing into the atmosphere or at a distant cut of the decompressor should be reduced by several times. This is what is required to be achieved with the help of non-homogeneous expansion of the gas flow in the decompressor.

Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures of any gases if they are in equilibrium. In the presented case, homogeneous expansion is understood to mean a type of emission spectrum of an expanding gas in which all atoms emanating from a certain level at a distance emanate with equal opportunities. A homogeneous system is a homogeneous system. In a homogeneous system of two or more components, each component is distributed in the mass of the other in the form of molecules. The components of a homogeneous system cannot be separated from each other mechanically, in the proposed design, on the contrary, it is necessary to separate the gas molecules and direct them in a stream at different speeds, the direction of their movement and under different pressures. In other words, the gas jets in the outgoing stream must be distributed in the decompressor in such a way that, as they move along the decompressor, the jets are distributed in a certain way with their characteristics changing in each jet according to a given law. The flow of rapidly moving gases flowing out under high pressure in the channel is a complex thermodynamic system. To study the macroscopic and physical structure of this system, consisting of a large number of particles, it is not required to describe the attraction of the microscopic characteristics of individual particles [Physical Encyclopedia, vol. 5, 1998, p. 84. Physical Encyclopedia, Ch. Ed A.M. Prokhorov, M., 1998, BDT]. In the case under consideration, it is only necessary to separate the rapidly moving stream of gas flowing out under high pressure into jets for non-homogeneous expansion. Thus, in the context of this application, non-homogeneous expansion refers to the separation of the flow of a gaseous medium into jets, each of which has its own characteristics. It is required to expand the outflowing gas stream so that it is inhomogeneous (not homogeneous) over the cross section, i.e., at the periphery of the stream the jets should be denser than at the center of the stream.

 The technical result is the creation of a design in which

 - provided non-homogeneous expansion of rapidly moving high-pressure gas environments,

 - and continuous gas flow with a critical nozzle section along the entire cascade of vortex chambers.

 This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the decompressor represents a cascade of expansion blocks, each of which consists of a vortex chamber, and a supersonic nozzle with a critical section, providing contactless passage of the missile body, configured to exhaust one part of the gases in the longitudinal direction and the other part of the gases in the transverse direction of gas movement, with fastening to a cylindrical body, forming respectively cascade expansion chambers located on the same axis.

 The gasdynamic confuser - obturator and supersonic nozzle are configured to divert one part of the gases in the longitudinal direction of the medium and the other part of the gases in the transverse direction of the medium.

New in the proposed design is that the decompressor serves for the heterogeneous expansion of fast-moving high-pressure powder gases (gaseous media), the cascade of expansion blocks consists of expansion blocks sequentially placed on the same axis, in each of which the distance between the nozzle exit of the previous expansion block and the input of the confuser of the next expansion unit provides the removal of part of the gases in the transverse direction to the periphery of the stream, each expanding part of the block in The cade is a supersonic Laval nozzle with a solid angle that provides an uninterrupted flow of powder gases (gas medium) with a critical section of the nozzle fkp in its narrow part, which accelerates the gas flowing out in the longitudinal direction to the speed of sound in the critical section each corresponding nozzle on the longitudinal axis of the cascade and equal to the caliber of the missile body with a clearance sufficient to ensure contactless passage of the missile body through the critical section of the nozzle. The tapering part of the block, which is a confuser, is made in the form of a short cylinder with a hole muffled from the side of the critical section, the inner diameter of the cylindrical part of the confuser is chosen at least 1.5 times the diameter of the critical section, and the rounding radius that connects the partition (plug) with the inside the cylinder wall is selected based on the conditions of smooth mating or mating at right angles to the internal surfaces, the length of the confuser is a multiple of the diameter of the cylindrical part. The length of the confuser correlates, taking into account the tolerance, with the diameter of the toroidal vortex in its cross section. In this case, for example, the internal diameter of the cylinder, taking into account the tolerance, is approximately equal to the external (overall) diameter of the toroidal vortex, which is formed during braking on the baffle (plug) of the flow (jet) flowing in the longitudinal direction. In this case, in the central part, the toroidal flow is most likely swirling towards the main flow with the formation of an increased pressure zone in its central part, if the distance from the inlet of the confuser to the cut of the previous nozzle is provided by the geometrical location of points (HMT) of each stream stream line in the flow. Experiments show that the HMT for each stream stream line flowing from the previous nozzle is parallel to the cylindrical part of the confuser wall and approximately equal to the length of this cylindrical part. If this condition is met, a toroidal vortex is formed in the confuser with the development of vortex lines from the outside inward along the direction of each jet, with the direction of each stream stream line in the stream in the central part of the torus towards the main gas stream. In this case, local zones of increased gas-dynamic resistance are formed, which impede the flow of the main gas flow in the longitudinal direction. Based on experimental data, it is shown that the work is carried out as in a gas-dynamic obturator, causing accelerated decay of the central stream jets and redistribution of the bulk of the powder gas stream in density from the central region to the periphery to the walls of the casing, ensuring heterogeneity.

The term toroidal vortex in the context of this application is used as vortices close to the shape of a torus and determined on the basis of experimental data. It is important to distinguish between a noise filter, for example, foam or cork, which is used for sound insulation. It reduces the noise level, for example, by 20 dB, because the initial noise level already exists before the filter, and after the filter this noise level is reduced due to the porosity of the material, i.e. The property of the passage of a sound wave through an obstacle is used. In the silencer, however, it is required not to act on an already generated sound wave, but not to allow its occurrence, or to obtain a low-intensity sound wave. In other words, the silencers do not use a filter, but act on a noise-emitting gas wave, because before the silencer no noise existed as such, the physics of the process is completely different, noise will occur when any gas flows into the atmosphere with excess pressure and speed at value above critical, which is determined by environmental parameters. For example, for air this value is 2 atm and 330m / s. The outflow of the gas stream is accompanied by the formation of a shock wave, the shock wave itself has a characteristic front thickness of the order of 0.3 mm, its impact will cause a kinetic effect, but the wave itself is inaudible to the human ear.

 The following formula is known from the physics of wave processes: the frequency (D) is equal to the speed divided by the wavelength, i.e. approximately D = 300 / 0.0003, i.e. The shock wave has an equivalent sound frequency of the order of 1 MHz, while the human ear can only perceive sound in the frequency band from 50 Hz to 20 KHz, and the frequency of the shock wave has the level of very far ultrasound and cannot be distinguished by the human ear.

 However, passing through a medium (for example, air), its shock wave (medium) “breaks up”, a relaxation zone with increased entropy is formed behind the front of the shock wave, the length of which is already on the order of tens of centimeters. Thus, the vibrational alignment of gas parameters in this region serves as a source of generation of sound waves in the audible range. Therefore, no muffler reduces the noise level, for example, by 20 dB, such an assessment is not correct at all. The values given by the authors are the difference between the experimentally measured noise level generated by the gas when it exits from the barrel without a silencer and the noise level generated by the gas when it expires with their silencer.

Therefore, it is more correct to say that their device does not reduce noise by 20D6, but it reduces it to such a level even with the parameters that the exhaust gas had at the entrance to their device. If you increase the pressure at the inlet to the device indicated in the prototype (which without a silencer will lead to an increase in the noise level), then at the output of such a device, the noise level will undoubtedly be lower than without a silencer, but not as much as stated in the calculation experiment.

 Therefore, it is not permissible to confuse the operating principles of the filter and the silencer.

 The inventive task of the proposed design is to ensure the expiration of rapidly moving high-pressure gas environments into the atmosphere with reduced pressure. Since noise is measured in decibels, and decibels is a logarithmic dependence, the noise generated by the flowing stream is characterized by the level of the pressure of the wave from the flowing gas stream, at which the excess of pressure over atmospheric is less, the smaller the noise generated. For example, the noise in DB = 10 * 1 ^ (Ra / Po) means that, for example, when the noise is reduced by 5D6, the wave pressure drops by about 3 times. If the noise is reduced, for example, by 25D6, then this means a decrease in wave pressure by 300 times.

 To reduce the energy of the outflowing wave, it is required to organize with high probability in each expansion chamber of the damper-expander a multiple number, but not less than 2 toroidal vortices with a circle in the cross section and with an external diameter equal to the inner diameter of the corresponding expansion chamber in the corresponding section. It is very important to observe two conditions: the first is that the eddies of the outflowing gas medium in the toroidal vortices are multidirectional with respect to the adjacent toroidal vortex; secondly, so that the vortices are directed towards each other in such a way that in the center between the vortices an increased pressure zone is formed that prevents the flow from flowing out and reduces its energy by reducing the flow velocity in the longitudinal direction, smoothing the pulsation in the flow during redistribution of the density of the flow jets in a moving medium and providing an increase in the time of expiration of the medium. The term toroidal vortex in the context of this application is used as vortices close to the shape of a torus and determined on the basis of experimental data.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution of the damper-expander is to reduce the magnitude of the pressure of the wave from the outgoing gas stream to reduce the noise level to a level below 86 dB. (in other words, it’s correct to say that: it drops to such and such a level, it’s just as correct to say that an outflow with a noise level not exceeding such and such a value is ensured). This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the damper-expander contains a housing with an inlet chamber, consisting of a channel for the outflow of powder gases and expansion chambers formed by sequentially arranged elements of the same configuration, the cavity of the expansion chambers are toroidal in shape with conical or cylindrical walls and transverse partitions.

 New is that the damper-expander provides the outflow of rapidly moving high-pressure powder gases into the atmosphere with reduced pressure, each subsequent expansion chamber is made of progressive increased volume, the diametrical (transverse) partitions are oriented normally to the movement of the flow of gas media and are cutoffs. Moreover, each subsequent expansion chamber has to provide a stepwise pressure reduction of a volume larger than the previous one in a ratio of not less than 1.5-2 times and the inner surface of each expansion chamber, as well as the entire damper-expander as a whole, is a truncated cone. As special cases, the cone may represent a step pyramid, or a cylinder.

 The inner walls of each expansion chamber consist of a truncated conical surface with a diameter of the first expansion chamber of at least 1.5 times the diameter of the central hole and transverse diametrical baffles - cutoffs at the ends, each baffle - cutter is provided in the center with a hole with a diameter of at least the diameter of the missile body, which ensures unhindered passage with a gap of a missile body, the interface of the surfaces of the partitions with the inner conical surface is made with a radius, providing m conjugation smoothness, or conjugate at an angle, the distance between the partitions is proportional volume chambers.

These geometric shapes are calculated based on the gas dynamics of the flow. It is known that with a subsonic flow and a constant opening, the diameter of which depends only on the caliber, the gas flow will be determined only by the pressure in the chamber. The larger the chamber, the lower the pressure compared to the previous chamber, the lower the pressure in the chamber, the lower the flow rate and speed at the entrance to the next chamber. The conjugation of the surfaces of the partitions with the inner conical surface is made with a radius that ensures smoothness of the interface, or they are conjugated at an angle. The distance between the partitions (chamber length) is chosen, for example, based on the geometric dimensions of the expansion chamber in such a way that a multiple number, but not less than 2 toroidal vortices with a circle in the cross section and with an external diameter equal to the inner diameter of the corresponding expansion chamber in the corresponding section, is placed in each chamber. In this case, with the greatest probability, the turbulence of the flows of the outflowing gas medium in the toroidal vortices is multidirectional with respect to the adjacent toroidal vortex. It can be seen from the experiment that a toroidal vortex located on the side of the inlet of the expansion chamber has flows in its central part directed against the direction of the outflow of the medium, and a toroidal vortex located on the side of the outlet of the expansion chamber has flows in its central part directed in the direction of outflow environment, and in the central zone of each toroidal vortex. In the center, the flow is directed against the direction of the main flow of the medium, and in the zone between each pair of vortices, due to the contact of the opposing flows of the outflowing medium, increased pressure zones are formed, which are dynamic compaction and create backpressure, which reduces the flow velocity in the longitudinal direction, smoothing pulsations in the flow due to the redistribution of the density of the jets of the flow of the moving medium and providing an increase in the time of the outflow of the medium.

 The proposed design of the silencer expands the gas and also temporarily accumulates it, smoothing out the pulsations, but eliminates the outflowing gas by organizing the outflow not only through the central channel, but also over the entire surface of the body through the cellular wall, which is an order of magnitude faster, namely, in about 0.01 seconds. This makes it possible to effectively shoot at a rate of up to 1200 rounds per minute (which is enough for most of the available and promising small arms).

 The inventive task of the claimed technical solution of the device is to use both an increase in the path of the outflow of powder gases, and non-homogeneous expansion of the stream, implemented in the decompressor, as well as the organization of toroidal vortices, implemented in the damper-expander.

In addition, it is required to solve the problem of combining these two devices in a single housing with the addition of new properties due to the design of a common housing and a screw-like swirl. In this case, residual jets of the gas stream, diverted to the periphery towards the common housing from the decompressor, are necessary throw into the atmosphere with a significant loss of heat (flow temperature), pressure and minimum speed. This problem can only be solved with the use of a progressive total expendable section, organized in the general case of this device. In this context, a progressive total expendable cross section is understood to mean the sum of the cross sections of the openings at the outlet of each individual element of the housing structure several times larger than the sum of the cross sections of the openings at the entrance to the element.

 The technical result of the proposed technical solution of the device is:

 - creation of a design that allows parallel and at different stages of the expiration of a rapidly moving medium such as gas to ensure a non-homogeneous expansion of rapidly moving high-pressure gas media into the atmosphere, combined with a decrease in the pressure and wave velocity from the outgoing gas stream to reduce the noise level to no more than 86 Db The technical result of the proposed design solution can even achieve a noise level not exceeding 76 dB, if you do not strive to use a cellular structure that allows the device to be used in combination with automatic weapons, and additionally install a sector-type (iris) balloon-type valve-shutter in the intended place, which Compared with standard silencers, which can reduce noise only to a level not lower than 90D6, it can radically reduce noise from a shot to the level of indistinguishability in noise th setting of a standard room.

 The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for ensuring the outflow of fast-moving high-pressure gas media into the atmosphere with a reduced noise level contains a working part with baffles for venting gas media into the device’s volume, eliminating the main gas flow volume following the central channel and a honeycomb structure strict form, size and orientation, which is an analogue of a porous multichannel diffusion matrix.

What is new is that the device consists of an inhomogeneous decompressor, described above, for expanding gas, a damper-expander, described above, for damping outflow pulsations, a housing with a strict cellular structure, dimensions and orientation, and swirl diaphragms, which together represent a “screw-like” ladder "made in the form of screw diaphragms— turbulizers, providing due to the organization of the rotation of the outflowing gas stream, the retention of the mass of gas in the peripheral region and serving simultaneously as retainers holding the expander. Damper — the expander is placed in the housing coaxially to each other at a distance of at least half the diameter of the central hole of the caliber of the missile body, the cellular structure of the cylindrical body ensures continuous outflow of gas into the atmosphere over the entire surface of the body without the formation of shock waves with an excess of pressure relative to atmospheric not more than 2 atm and speed lower than the speed of sound and is formed by elements in the form of cells, each of which acts as a microscopic gas reducer, has a progressive total Khodnev section and consists of a structure consisting of micro-sized Laval supersonic nozzle, each inner volume of each element in a predetermined operating mode of the supersonic nozzle.

In this case, a non-homogeneous decompressor provides a pressure reduction with the simultaneous removal of most of the outflowing gas stream from the central region to the peripheral one, with the simultaneous removal of the main volume of the outflowing gas into the peripheral region of the device, the damper-expander provides a reduction in pressure, speed and smoothing of pulsations of the outgoing gas stream and ensures the outflow gas to the atmosphere with decreasing pressure and speed. The swirl diaphragms are made in the form of screw turbulent diaphragms, which, by organizing the rotation of the outflowing gas flow, maintain the gas mass in the peripheral region and simultaneously serve as clamps that hold the decompressor and damper-expander in a cylindrical body coaxial with each other with the calculated cross-sectional shape between the screw surfaces. The entrance of the damper-expander is located along the longitudinal axis from the output of the last decompressor unit to ensure the spreading of a part of the outflowing gas flowing onto the damper — expander at a distance of not less than half the diameter of the central opening of the caliber of the missile body, the cellular structure of the cylindrical body ensures continuous outflow of gas into the atmosphere over the entire surface case in a mode not accompanied by the formation of shock waves with excess pressure relative to atmospheric not more than 2 atm, and a lower speed the speed of sound. In the context of this application, such a structure is called a structure of a microsize supersonic Laval nozzle with a gas-dynamic lock. Each internal volume of each element of this design operates in the calculated mode supersonic nozzle. In a particular case, a device for ensuring the outflow of fast-moving gas media with a reduced noise level can be supplemented to increase efficiency by designing a device with a sector (iris) mechanical gas-filled shutter valve, consisting of balloon-type elements made of elastic material, which are installed in a recess at the outlet of the device, which prevents the passage of residual shock waves into the atmosphere.

 Brief Description of the Drawings

 The technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which do not cover all structural examples of the implementation of the decompressor.

 In FIG. 1 - shows a longitudinal section of sequentially placed three expansion chambers

 In FIG. 2 - shows a longitudinal section of the expansion chamber with the toroidal vortices formed in it

 In FIG. 2 a — a nozzle with jets of a stream of outflowing gas is shown;

 In FIG. 2 6 — increased confuser shown — obturator

 In FIG. 2 c — shows a toroidal vortex in a vortex chamber — confuser, top view and cross-section I-I

 In FIG. 3 - shows a longitudinal section of a damper-expander

 In FIG. 4 - shows a longitudinal section of the expansion chamber with the toroidal vortices formed in it and the zone of high pressure

 In FIG. 4a shows the distribution of toroidal vortices in the expansion chamber

 In FIG. 5 - shows a longitudinal section of the device

 in FIG. 6 - shows a longitudinal section of a device with jets of flowing gas

 In FIG. 7 shows an enlarged section of the structure of a cell of the device

 In FIG. 7a shows an enlarged section of the structure of the cell wall of the device with flowing gas

 In FIG. 8 — shows the shape of one helical partition

 Embodiments of the invention

The decompressor design is as follows. The decompressor consists of a cascade of expansion blocks (1), each of which consists of a vortex chamber (2), a gas-dynamic confuser-shutter (3) (conventionally shown), and a supersonic nozzle (4). The cascade is equipped with fasteners (5) that hold it in a cylindrical housing (not shown), forming, respectively, a sequence of expansion chambers (1) of the cascade, located sequentially on the same axis "A". The vortex chamber (2) is made in the form of a confuser. In front of the vortex chamber (2), a gas-dynamic confuser-obturator (3) is formed, which is a zone of increased pressure in front of the toroidal vortex (6) (See Fig. 2c).

 The expansion blocks (1) are located on the axis "A" sequentially one after another. The distance “b” between the cut-off (“a”) of the nozzle (4) of the previous expansion block (1) and the inlet (“b”) of the vortex chamber (confuser) (2) of the next expansion block (1) is calculated so that some of the gases are removed flow (7) in the transverse direction to the periphery of the flow (7). (see Fig. 2a).

 The expanding part of each nozzle (4) of the block (1) in the cascade is a supersonic Laval nozzle with a solid angle “a”, which ensures continuous flow of gases (gas medium) with a critical nozzle section (fkp) in the narrow part of the corresponding nozzle (4).

 The confuser (2) is made in the form of a short cylinder muffled from the critical section (fkp) with a hole with a diameter of "d". The inner diameter "D" of the cylindrical part of the confuser (2) is chosen at least 1.5 times the diameter of the critical section (fkp) of the corresponding block (1), and the radius "g" of the fillet connecting the partition (8) (plug) with the inner the cylinder wall of the confuser (2) is selected based on the conditions of smooth mating or mating at right angles to the internal surfaces, (see Fig. 2 b) The length “L” of the confuser (2) is selected taking into account the tolerance multiple to the diameter “c” of the toroidal vortex in its transverse section. A cross section with a diameter “c” of the toroidal vortex (6) is shown in FIG. 2c. The overall diameter “B” of the toroidal vortex (6) is approximately equal to the inner diameter “D” of the cylindrical part of the confuser (2).

 The design of the damper expander is as follows.

The damper-expander consists of a housing (11) with an inlet chamber (12). The inlet chamber (12) consists of expansion chambers (13) and a channel (14) for the outflow of gaseous media (outflowing medium) formed by successively arranged elements of the same configuration. Cavity "g" expansion chambers (13) are made toroidal with conical or cylindrical walls and transverse partitions (15). Each subsequent expansion chamber (13) is made of progressive increased volume. The progressive volume is designed so that each subsequent expansion chamber (13) has a volume greater than the previous one in a ratio of not less than 1.5-2 times. Such a difference in the volumes of the expansion chambers (13) will provide a stepwise decrease in pressure in each expansion chamber. Diametrical (transverse) partitions! (15) are oriented normally to the movement of the flow (16) of gaseous media and are cut-offs in their effect on the flow. The inner surface (“g”) of each expansion chamber (13), as well as the entire damper-expander as a whole, is a truncated cone. In the particular case, the inner surface (“g”) may be cylindrical, however, the chamber volumes must satisfy the condition of progressive volumes. In this particular case, the entire damper-expander is made by a step pyramid, which will not affect its operation. The geometric shapes of the inner surface (“g”) of the expansion chambers (13) are calculated based on the gas dynamics of the stream (16) entering the channel (14) of the damper-expander, so that in each chamber (13) with a subsonic flow (16) ) the gas flow in the stream (16) entering the chambers (12) will be determined only by the pressure in each expansion chamber (13). Moreover, each expansion chamber (13) is formed by walls forming a truncated cone, and a partition (15) with a diametrical hole, determined only by the size of the caliber of the missile body. In all partitions (15) of all expansion chambers (13), the hole diameter (άk) is the same. Each baffle-cutter (15) with a hole in the center with a diameter (<1k) ensures unhindered passage with a gap of the missile body. For this, άk must be at least the diameter of the missile body.

The largest diameter of the first expansion chamber (13) in the direction of flow (16) is DK, made at least 1.5 άk - the diameter of the hole in the partition (15). Each subsequent expansion chamber (13) has a diameter DK larger than the previous one and is dictated by the geometry of the mating surfaces. In the narrow part of the truncated cone of each expansion chamber (13), the diameter of Dicmin is equal to the diameter of the partition (15), which fits snugly against the walls of the corresponding expansion chamber (13). diametrical baffles-cutoffs (15) are located at the ends of the corresponding expansion chamber (13). Dimensions chambers (its volume) is necessary to implement the principle: the larger the chamber, the lower the pressure compared to the previous chamber, the lower the pressure in the chamber, the lower the flow rate and speed at the entrance to the next chamber.

 The conjugation of the surfaces of the partitions (15) with the inner conical surface (“g”) is made with a radius that ensures smoothness of the interface, or they are conjugated at an angle. The distance between the partitions (15) (chamber length - LK) is selected based on the geometrical dimensions of the expansion chamber so that each chamber contains a multiple, but not less than 2 toroidal vortices (17a and b) (see Fig. 4a) with a circle in the cross section (“VK”) and with the external diameter (“VK”) of the toroidal vortex (17) equal to the inner diameter DK of the corresponding expansion chamber (13) in the corresponding section.

 The design of the device is as follows.

 The device consists of a working part with partitions (19) for the removal of jets of a stream of gaseous media in the volume of the device. The device eliminates the following of the main volume of the gas stream (7) through the central channel (9 and 14) and the housing (20) with a cellular structure (21) of strict shape, size and orientation, which is an analogue of a porous multichannel diffusion matrix.

The device consists of an inhomogeneous decompressor (22) described above for gas expansion, a damper-expander (23) described above, for damping outflow pulsations, a housing (20) with a cellular structure (21) of strict shape, size and orientation, and diaphragms - swirlers (24), representing together a “spiral staircase”. The swirl diaphragms (24) are made in the form of screw turbulent diaphragms, are placed inside the housing (20) along the decompressor (22) and the damper-expander (23) in the peripheral region of the device. The diaphragm-swirls (24) can be one, or maybe 2 or more, arranged in the form of screw surfaces embedded in one another, forming a “spiral staircase”. Step "1" of each screw surface depends on the parameters of the gas in the stream (16) and is equal to 1 to 2 diameters of the device. The selected step "1" and the number of helical diaphragms is selected based on the requirement to ensure a calculated cross-sectional shape of the channel formed by the surfaces of adjacent helical swirl diaphragms. (see Fig. 6). The cross section EE should be as close to square as possible. A “spiral staircase” of diaphragm swirlers (24) ensures, by organizing the rotation of the outflowing stream (7 and 16 cm. Figs. 1 and 4), the gas mass is retained in the peripheral region of the housing (20) and serve simultaneously as retainers holding the decompressor (22) and damper-expander (23) in the cylindrical body (20) coaxially to each other.

 The cellular structure (21) of the cylindrical casing (20) ensures continuous gas outflow into the atmosphere over the entire surface of the casing (20) in a mode that is not accompanied by the formation of shock waves with an excess of pressure relative to atmospheric not more than 2 atm, and a speed lower than the speed of sound. The cellular structure (21) is formed by elements (see Fig. 7a and b) in the form of cells. Each cell acts as a microscopic gas reducer. The cellular structure (21) has a progressive total discharge cross section and is a structure consisting of a microsize supersonic Laval nozzle with a gas-dynamic lock. Each internal volume of each element (cell) operates in the design mode of a supersonic nozzle. Gozodynamichesky castle is formed by a toroidal turbulent vortex arising as a result of braking of the accelerated stream against the obstacle.

 In the particular device’s output section, in a particular case, a packet of small-diameter channels (25) can be installed parallel to the central channel (14) of the device for cooling and outputting stream jets (16) of a gaseous medium moving in the longitudinal direction that are not diverted through the mesh wall. In addition, in the particular case, in the last expansion chamber of the damper-expander (23), the sector (iris), gas-filled, mechanical shut-off valve (not shown conditionally), consisting of balloon-type elements of elastic material, can be installed , preventing the passage of residual shock waves into the atmosphere.

 Industrial applicability.

 The operation of the decompressor is as follows.

The gas stream (7) flowing out of the barrel or a narrow pipe (9) under high pressure is divided into separate jets, which are more densely distributed on the periphery of the stream (7), and in the central part their pressure decreases due to the collision of the central stream jets (7) with gas-dynamic confuser-obturator (3). In this case, the central jets of the flow (7) at the beginning lose speed and are forced to go around the confuser-obturator (3), then, when expanding with a lack of flow, pressure and density drop in them, that is, in the chamber the process occurs in two phases, in the first phase, the flow is inhibited by toroidal vortices, loses speed and forms a zone of increased pressure and prevents flow from high pressure but low flow rate, which leads to the envelope of this zone, at the second stage in the critical section of the nozzle, the flow begins to expand and accelerate, pressure and temperature drop, but since the gas flow is small (the flow rate is determined by the cross section), and the effective cross section is less gauge, since the flow is pinched by a dynamic obturator, while the nozzle angle does not allow the gas to break away from the walls, the lack of gas flow is compensated by an even greater pressure drop and a decrease in density. The sealed peripheral jets leave in the transverse direction of the medium flow to the walls of the decompressor, and the central ones flow through the central part of the torus (6) and move in the longitudinal direction to the Laval nozzle (4), where they expand with a lack of flow and decrease their density. Moreover, in the central part of the toroidal flow (6) in the confuser (2), the central jets of the stream (7) are braked along the edges on the walls of the partition (8) and are twisted into a toroidal vortex (stream) (7) with the development of vortex lines from the outside inward in the direction of each the jet (see Fig. 2c), directing each line of the jet stream in the stream in the central part of the torus (6) towards the main gas stream (7), which creates an increased pressure zone that acts as a confuser-sealer (3). Thus, the geometrical place of points (HMT) of each stream stream line in the stream (7) flowing from the previous nozzle (4) is parallel to the cylindrical part of the confuser wall (2). The dimensions of the holes dl, d2, d3 of the partitions (8) are the same and equal to the caliber with a gap, the diameters Dl, D2, D3 of the nozzles (4) on the cut "a" decrease from the expansion chamber located closer to the barrel (9) to the further expansion chamber (1). In the particular case of Dl, D2, D3 nozzles (4) can be made of the same diameter.

 Experimental tests show that a toroidal vortex (6) is formed during braking on the baffle (8) (plug) of the flowing out in the longitudinal direction of the stream (7). In front of the confuser (2), a high pressure zone is formed, which is a gas-dynamic confuser-sealer (3) and is located in the central part of the toroidal flow (6). Gas-dynamic obturator (3) causes accelerated decay of the central stream jets and redistribution of the main part of the gas stream in density from the central region to the periphery to the walls of the housing. Then, in the Laval nozzle, the central jets of the flow (7) again accelerate to critical speeds.

In the decompressor, in the initial path of the outflowing from the trunk or long pipe (9), the flow begins to expand already at the exit stage along the walls of the outlet pipe (10), which is also an expanding part of the Laval nozzle only with a large solid angle "a". Therefore, in the particular case, it can be argued that the expansion blocks (chambers) (1) are not 3, but 4 chambers. Therefore, at the initial path, the flow (7) also does not tear itself away from the walls, because even with a large solid angle “a”, a sufficiently high initial pressure keeps the flow near the walls, but at the initial stage, the distribution of flow (7) does not occur yet. In special cases, it is also possible to use not 3 main expansion chambers, but any number. However, in order to reduce the size, it is advisable to carry out no more than 5 expansion chambers.

 Thus, the decompressor provides a heterogeneous expansion of rapidly moving high-pressure powder gases (gas media) and an uninterrupted flow of gases with a critical nozzle section along the entire cascade of vortex chambers. In the future, such an “organized” flow with significantly reduced characteristics in terms of jet density can be used in a damper-expander.

 The operation of the damper-expander is as follows.

 The incoming flow (16), having a subsonic speed, partially abuts against the first partition (15), the lateral jets are diverted in the transverse direction in a chaotic order, and the central jets of the stream (16) fall into the longitudinal channel

(14). In the first upstream expansion chamber (15) due to turbulence formed by the second partition (15) of the second expansion chamber (13) and the flow around the inner toroidal surface ("g") of this expansion chamber

(15), the gas flow forms 2 toroidal vortices (17) (see Fig. 4). The first toroidal vortex (17) turns out to be pressed due to the flow law in the zones of flow stall where the vortices form, to the inner wall of the first partition (15), and the second toroidal vortex (17) is pressed to the inner wall of the second partition (15). The turbulence of the jets of the flow (16) of the outgoing gas medium in the toroidal vortices (17) are differently directed relative to the adjacent toroidal vortex) in this expansion chamber (15). In this case, the toroidal vortex (17a) located on the inlet side of the corresponding expansion chamber (15) has in the central part of the chamber (15) stream jets (16) directed against the direction of the medium flow, and the toroidal vortex (176) located on the outlet side the openings of the same expansion chamber (15) have in its central part stream jets (16) directed in the direction of the medium flow (see Fig. 4a). In the central zone (18) of each toroidal vortex (17a and 176), in in the center of which the stream jets (16) are directed against the direction of the main stream (16) of the medium flow, and in the zone between each pair of toroidal vortices (17a and 176), due to the contact of the opposing flows of the outflowing medium, high pressure zones (18) are formed, which are dynamic compaction . Moreover, the stream jets (16), which are behind the toroidal vortex (17a), move in the direction of the main stream, and the stream jets (16), which are in front of the toroidal vortex (176) create counterflow (back pressure) to the main stream (16) and work as a dynamic sealant (see Fig. 4a), Backpressure reduces the flow rate of the stream (16) from the damper-expander (13) in the longitudinal direction, smoothes out the pulsations in the stream (16) due to the redistribution of the density of the jets of the flow of the moving medium and provides an increase in the time of the outflow of the medium.

 In addition, it is known that with a subsonic flow and a constant opening, the diameter of which depends only on the caliber, the gas flow will be determined only by the pressure in the chamber.

 Thus, due to two trends organized in the flow (16) of the gas medium flowing out at a subsonic speed, the damper-expander provides a decrease in the pressure of the wave from the gas flowing out to reduce the noise level to a level below 86 dB. This is achieved through the natural process of expanding the flow along the inner walls of each chamber and reducing the flow rate to a level less than caliber due to the effect of dynamic obturation created by two opposing toroidal vortices.

 The operation of the device is as follows.

 The device constructively and functionally combines a decompressor (22), a damper-expander (23), located coaxially in the housing (20) of the device. In this case, an inhomogeneous decompressor (22) provides a pressure reduction with the simultaneous removal of most of the outflowing gas stream from the central region (14) to the peripheral region of the housing (20) and at the same time the main volume of the outflowing gas (7) is diverted to the peripheral region of the device. The damper-expander (23) provides a reduction in pressure, speed and smoothing of pulsations of the outgoing gas stream (16) and provides gas outflow into the atmosphere through the peripheral region of the housing (20) with a decrease in pressure and speed.

The stream jets (9), which are diverted by the decompressor (22) to the peripheral region of the device body (20), falling on the screw surface of the diaphragm swirlers (24) significantly increase the path of the stream jets (7) to cellular structure (20), which further reduces the temperature of these jets, and hence the pressure in them. Further, the jets of the gas stream (7) from the peripheral region rush to the microsize supersonic Laval nozzles of the cellular structure (21), at the outlet of which the pressure in each stream stream (7) is equalized to atmospheric. Since a gas-dynamic lock is formed after each micro-sized Laval nozzle placed in the wall of the housing (20), the velocity at the exit from the structural element is less than critical.

 The complex of device nodes allows one to sequentially use the properties of a decompressor and damper expander, as well as provide parallel and at different stages of the expiration of a rapidly moving medium such as a gas, the inhomogeneous expansion of rapidly moving high-pressure gas media into the atmosphere in combination with a decrease in the pressure and wave velocity from the outgoing gas flow to reduce the generated noise level to a level of not more than 76 dB.

 The design of the device makes the most full use of the physical processes of gas dynamics that are formed during a shot, since a shot is a process of rapidly transforming the chemical power of gunpowder first into heat and then into kinetic energy of movement in a long pipe. Events that occur during such an outflow of rapidly moving high-pressure gas media into the atmosphere can be conditionally divided into two phases - the movement of the missile body in the barrel channel and the complex of events that occur after the launch of the missile body from the channel (muzzle). Thrown body (shell) from the channel (trunk) flies as a result of the work of powder gases. This phenomenon is determined by such qualities as a high temperature of gunpowder gases (1000-3500 ° С); impressive pressure of gases (2-3 thousand and more atmospheres); burning a charge of gunpowder in a rapidly modifying volume. This rapidly modifying volume can be organized in such a way as to reduce the intensity of the noise-generating wave of the outgoing gas. Such an organized effect reduces the noise generated by the wave of outflowing gas during firing to a level of not more than 76 dB.

Claims

The formula of the group of inventions Expander, damper-expander and device for their placement.

1. An expander representing a cascade of expansion blocks, each of which consists of a vortex chamber, and a supersonic nozzle with a critical section, providing contactless passage of the missile body, configured to divert one part of the gases in the longitudinal direction and the other part of the gases in the transverse direction of gas movement, with fastening to the cylindrical body, forming respectively expansion chambers of the cascade located on one axis, characterized in that the expander serves for heterogeneous expansion In the case of fast moving high pressure powder gases, the cascade of expansion blocks consists of expansion blocks successively placed on the same axis, in each of which the distance between the nozzle exit of the previous expansion block and the inlet of the subsequent expansion block ensures the removal of a part of the gases in the transverse direction to the periphery of the expander, each the expanding part of the block is a supersonic Laval nozzle with a solid angle that provides an uninterrupted flow of gases with a critical the nozzle fkp in its narrow part, providing acceleration of the gas flowing in the longitudinal direction to the speed of sound, and equal to the caliber of the missile body with a gap sufficient to ensure contactless passage of the missile body through the critical section of the nozzle, the tapering part of the block, which is a confuser, is made in the form of a short blanked from the side of the critical section of the nozzle by a baffle with a cylinder bore with an inner diameter of not less than 1.5 diameter of the critical section of the nozzle with a rounding radius that ensures smooth some conjugation or conjugation at right angles of the inner surfaces of the cylinder with a partition, the length of the confuser is a multiple of the diameter of the cylindrical part.

2. Damper-expander, comprising a housing with an inlet chamber, consisting of a channel for the expiration of powder gases and expansion chambers formed by successively arranged elements of the same configuration, the cavity of the expansion chambers are toroidal in shape with conical or cylindrical walls and transverse partitions, characterized in that damper-expander provides the outflow of rapidly moving high-pressure powder gases into the atmosphere with reduced pressure, each subsequent expansion I am a camera made of progressive increased volume, the transverse diametrical baffles are oriented normally to the movement of the powder gas flow and are cutoffs, with each subsequent expansion chamber having a volume not less than 1.5-2 times larger than the previous one to provide a step-by-step pressure reduction and the inner surface of each expansion chamber, as well as the entire damper the expander as a whole, is a truncated cone, the inner walls of each expansion chamber consist of a truncated conical surface with a diameter of the first a single chamber with at least 1.5 diameters of the central hole and transverse diametrical baffles - cut-offs at the ends, each baffle-cutter is provided with a hole in the center with a diameter of at least the diameter of the throwing body, ensuring unhindered passage with the gap of the throwing body, and the interface of the walls with the internal conical the surface is made with a radius that ensures smoothness of conjugation, or are conjugated at an angle, the distance between the partitions is proportional to the volumes of the chambers.

3. A device for ensuring the outflow of rapidly moving high-pressure powder gases into the atmosphere, containing a working part with baffles for venting gaseous media into the device’s volume, excluding the following of the main gas flow through the central channel and a housing with a cellular structure of strict shape, size and orientation, which is an analog of a porous multichannel diffusion matrix, characterized in that the device consists of an expander according to claim 1 for gas expansion, a damper-expander according to claim 2 for damping pulsation of the outflowing stream, a housing with a cellular structure of strict shape, size and orientation, and swirl diaphragms, which together make up a “spiral staircase”, made in the form of screw diaphragms - turbulators, which, by organizing the rotation of the outflowing gas flow, retain the mass of gas in the peripheral region and serving simultaneously as retainers holding the expander and damper — the expander in the housing is coaxial to each other at a distance of not less than half the diameter of the central hole of the caliber of the missile body, the cellular structure of the cylindrical body provides a continuous outflow of gas to the atmosphere throughout the surface of the body without the formation of shock waves with a pressure in excess relative to atmospheric up to 2 atm and the velocity below the velocity of sound and formed elements in the form of cells, each of which performs a role of microscopic gas gear is progressive the total discharge cross section is a structure consisting of a microsize supersonic Laval nozzle, each internal volume of each element operates in the design mode of a supersonic nozzle.

 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that to increase the efficiency of the device design is supplemented by a sectorial mechanical gas-filled obturator, consisting of balloon-type elements of elastic material, which is installed in a recess at the outlet of the device.