WO2020037836A1 - 一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统 - Google Patents

一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020037836A1
WO2020037836A1 PCT/CN2018/114442 CN2018114442W WO2020037836A1 WO 2020037836 A1 WO2020037836 A1 WO 2020037836A1 CN 2018114442 W CN2018114442 W CN 2018114442W WO 2020037836 A1 WO2020037836 A1 WO 2020037836A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
conditioning
coil
space
dry
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PCT/CN2018/114442
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周敏
侯占魁
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中国建筑西北设计研究院有限公司
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Priority to EP18915787.8A priority Critical patent/EP3842697B1/en
Publication of WO2020037836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020037836A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0011—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by air outlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
    • F24D5/06—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
    • F24D5/10—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated with hot air led through heat-exchange ducts in the walls, floor or ceiling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0043—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by mounting arrangements
    • F24F1/005—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by mounting arrangements mounted on the floor; standing on the floor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F24F13/068—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser formed as perforated walls, ceilings or floors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0014—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using absorption or desorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and in particular to a new type of air conditioning terminal system used in a large space.
  • the building is tall, large, and transparent; the proportion of transparent envelope structure is large; the flow of people is high and the density is high; the annual operation time is long;
  • the air-conditioning end systems used in domestic large space buildings are all-air mixed ventilation air-conditioning systems with nozzle jet air supply or top swirl air supply.
  • the air outlet height is high (3.5 to 7.0 meters or higher from the ground).
  • the wind speed is large (3.0 to 7.5 m / s or more).
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of air-conditioning terminal system for tall and large spaces.
  • the indoor temperature and humidity environment is adjusted and controlled by a combination of a radiation coil embedded in the ground and a ventilation device arranged on the ground. .
  • a new type of air-conditioning terminal system for tall spaces includes a first air-conditioning equipment, a second air-conditioning equipment, and an air-conditioning terminal equipment.
  • the air-conditioning terminal equipment includes: a radiant coil, and a supply air for supplying cold air or hot air into the tall space.
  • Device dry fan coil;
  • the radiation coil is buried inside the ground of a large space, and the first air-conditioning equipment is in communication with the radiation coil.
  • a fluid medium flowing from the first air-conditioning equipment is circulated in the radiation coil, and the energy of the fluid medium is transmitted to the first.
  • the ground then radiates energy in the tall space through the ground, thereby adjusting the temperature of the tall space;
  • the air supply device is installed at the bottom of a tall space, and the air supply device is in communication with a second air conditioning device, and the air supply device diffuses cold air or hot air output from the second air conditioning device to the bottom of the entire high space;
  • a solution humidity-conditioning air conditioning unit for processing fresh air outside a tall space is also included.
  • the solution humidity-conditioning air conditioning unit is also used to deliver fresh air into the tall space, and the fresh air is sent in through a blowing device.
  • the tall space allows fresh air to spread to the bottom of the tall space.
  • the second air-conditioning equipment, the solution-humidifying air-conditioning unit, and the air supply device are connected through a pipe network, and fresh air output from the solution-humidifying air-conditioning unit and cold air or heat output from the second air-conditioning equipment The air is collected in the pipe network and transmitted to the air supply device through the pipe network.
  • the present invention there are multiple air supply devices, and multiple air supply devices are installed at the bottom of a large space.
  • the second air-conditioning equipment and the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit communicate with each air supply device.
  • a return air pipe and a fresh air pipe are provided at the air inlet end of the second air conditioning equipment, a return air valve is provided on the return air pipe, and a fresh air valve is provided on the fresh air pipe.
  • the valve and the fresh air valve are opened in one way to realize the return air inside the tall space or the fresh air outside the tall space to be delivered to the second air-conditioning equipment in another way.
  • a return air outlet is provided at the top of the return air duct, and the return air outlet is 2.5m-4.0m from the ground.
  • the air supply device is disposed on a floor in a large space.
  • the radiation coils are multiple, and the multiple radiation coils are buried in parallel, and each radiation coil is distributed in a folded shape.
  • a first branch pipe is provided at the air outlet end of the solution humidity conditioning air conditioning unit
  • a second branch pipe is provided at the air outlet end of the second air conditioning equipment
  • an air inlet end of the air supply device is provided.
  • the second air-conditioning device is a dry-type coil air-conditioning unit.
  • the dry-type coil air-conditioning unit includes a dry-type coil, and the dry-type coil is arranged in parallel with the radiation coil.
  • the present invention organically combines the radiant coil and the downward air supply method, not only to achieve a good stratification effect and part of the space control, but also to effectively control the hot and humid environment of the control area (active area near the ground); the largest of the invention Limitation reduces the ineffective loss of cooling (heating) of the air-conditioning supply in the upper part of the control area, and greatly reduces the air-conditioning load from the source.
  • the novel air-conditioning terminal system of the present invention has low energy consumption and low cost of operation.
  • the present invention adopts a lower air supply method after mixing fresh air with cold air or hot air, and only performs heat and humidity treatment on the control area (personnel activity area near the ground), and the air volume of the air conditioning system is greatly reduced. Operational energy consumption and costs have been significantly reduced.
  • the present invention uses a large-area radiant coil, and the coil uses water as the medium for the transmission of cold and heat. Due to the large specific heat capacity of water, the energy consumption of the new type of air-conditioning end system is only for air. The energy consumption of the air-conditioning system is about 20% to 30%.
  • the present invention uses a solution humidity control air conditioning unit to dehumidify the fresh air instead of the traditional condensation and dehumidification method.
  • the solution humidity control air conditioning unit bears the entire latent heat load in the room, and other equipment only needs to handle the indoor sensible heat load (about 50% of the total load). % ⁇ 70%), so that it is possible to directly use free natural cold sources. Even if electric refrigeration is used, the efficiency of the refrigerator will be greatly improved. About 30%, the improvement of the efficiency of the refrigerator further reduces the operating performance of the system. Consumption and costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a new type of air conditioning end system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a radiant floor layer including a radiant coil.
  • first”, “second”, “third” and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defined as “first”, “second”, etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • “multiple” means two or more.
  • installation should be understood in a broad sense.
  • they can be fixed, detachable, or integrally connected; they can be mechanical or electrical; they can be direct Connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • they can be fixed, detachable, or integrally connected; they can be mechanical or electrical; they can be direct Connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • connection can be fixed, detachable, or integrally connected; they can be mechanical or electrical; they can be direct Connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • the cooling load of the side air-conditioning system for tall buildings is about 250W / m 2 to 280W / m 2
  • the cooling load of the air conditioner for air supply from the top swirl air outlet is 300W / m 2 to 380W / m 2 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a new type of air-conditioning terminal system.
  • This embodiment discloses a new type of air-conditioning terminal system.
  • Air conditioning end system includes a first air-conditioning device, a second air-conditioning device, and an air-conditioning end device.
  • the air-conditioning end device includes: a radiation coil 1, an air supply device 2, a dry-type fan coil 5, and an exhaust pipe installed on the top of a large space. Wind device; the radiation coil 1 is buried inside the ground of a high space, and the first air-conditioning equipment is in communication with the radiation coil.
  • the low-temperature fluid medium output from the first air-conditioning equipment is circulated in the radiant coil 1, and the energy of the low-temperature fluid medium is transmitted to the ground first, and then radiates energy through the ground to the high space, so that the The temperature is reduced;
  • the air supply device 2 is installed at the bottom of the tall space, and is used to diffuse the mixed cold air output from the second air conditioning equipment and the solution humidity conditioning air conditioning unit 3 to the bottom of the entire tall space;
  • the dry fan coils There are multiple dry fan coils, and multiple dry fan coils are fixed on the ground.
  • the dry fan coils are arranged near the side wall of the tall space.
  • a plurality of dry fan coils are provided near the glass curtain wall, and the cold wind processed by the dry fan coils is blown to the glass curtain wall, so that the indoor temperature near the glass curtain wall is reduced, so as to assist in adjusting the interior of the large space.
  • the purpose of temperature During the heating season, the temperature of the air near the glass curtain wall is low, which causes the temperature in the large space to decrease.
  • a plurality of dry fan coils are provided near the glass curtain wall, and the hot air processed by the dry fan coils is blown to the glass curtain wall, so that the indoor temperature near the glass curtain wall is increased, thereby achieving the auxiliary adjustment of the height.
  • Purpose of the temperature inside the space it is preferable that the distance between the dry fan coil 5 and the side wall (glass curtain wall) of the tall space is 0.5m-10m, and the distance of 0.5m-10m can realize the dry fan coil to the glass curtain wall The temperature can be reduced without affecting the installation of the dry fan coil.
  • the distance between the dry fan coil and the glass curtain wall is 0.5m-10m, which does not affect the normal use of large spaces.
  • the high-temperature fluid medium output from the first air-conditioning device is circulated in the radiant coil 1, and the energy of the high-temperature fluid medium is transmitted to the ground first, and then radiates through the ground to the high space, so that the temperature in the high space rises.
  • the air supply device 2 is installed at the bottom of the tall space, and is used to diffuse the mixed hot air output from the second air conditioning equipment and the solution humidity conditioning air conditioning unit 3 to the bottom of the entire tall space, so that the cold air in the tall space is in the hot air. It rises under the action and is discharged from the exhaust device.
  • the air supply device 2 of this embodiment is directly installed on the ground. In actual use, the distance between two adjacent air supply devices 2 needs to be checked according to the air supply temperature, air speed, and air supply volume. The distance between the two blower devices 2 is usually 5 to 6 meters.
  • the fluid medium in this embodiment is high-temperature cold water at about 14 ° C.
  • the medium (high-temperature cold water) in the radiation coil 1 can be all cold sources that can generate high-temperature cold water (about 14 ° C), such as high temperature Cooler or natural cold source, etc.
  • the medium in the radiant coil 1 is the return water from the refrigerating machine room or the upstream low-temperature user (primary user).
  • the medium in the radiation coil 1 is generally about 14 ° C. It is only necessary to make the temperature of the floor surface higher than the dew point temperature of the indoor air to ensure that the surface of the floor does not dew.
  • the fluid medium in this embodiment is low-temperature hot water at about 45 ° C.
  • the medium (low-temperature hot water) in the radiation coil 1 can be all heat sources capable of generating low-temperature hot water (about 45 ° C), for example Vacuum boiler, solar hot water, geothermal water, etc.
  • the medium in the radiant coil 1 is the return water from a heating station or an upstream high-temperature user (a primary user).
  • the air supply device 2 is disposed at the bottom of the tall space, and the air exhaust device is disposed at the top of the tall space.
  • the air supply volume, air speed, and direction are easy to adjust and control. Relatively simple, easy to install, debug and overhaul.
  • the first air-conditioning device is a high-temperature refrigerator or a natural cooling source and the like.
  • the second air-conditioning equipment is a dry-type coil air-conditioning unit 4, which is a device specially developed to adapt to temperature and humidity independent control air-conditioning systems. It has large air volume, low noise, and simple structure. , Flexible installation position, no wet surface and other advantages.
  • the dry-coil air-conditioning unit 4 of this embodiment is similar to the conventional air-conditioning unit, except that the temperature of the cold water supply and the structure of the heat exchanger are different.
  • the dry-type coil air-conditioning unit 4 is a whole, which is all installed in the air-conditioning room 300 and connected to the indoor air supply device 2 through an air pipe.
  • the air to be cooled and heated required by the dry-type coil air-conditioning unit 4 comes from the indoor return air or outdoor fresh air. It is preferred that the return side of the dry-type air-conditioning unit 4 be provided with a return air pipe and a fresh air pipe. A return air valve is provided on the pipe, and a fresh air valve is provided on the fresh air pipe. The return air valve and the fresh air valve are opened in one way to achieve the internal return air in the tall space or the external fresh air in the tall space. Tube air conditioning unit 4. During the cooling season and heating season, only the indoor return air enters the dry-coil air-conditioning unit 4, and the fresh air valve is closed at this time. During the transition season, open the fresh air valve and close the return air valve at the same time, adopting a new wind operation mode.
  • the fresh air and indoor return air of the dry coil air-conditioning unit 4 are not mixed in the dry coil air-conditioning unit 4, and only the indoor return air enters the dry coil air-conditioning unit 4 during the cooling season and the heating season.
  • the fresh air valve of the fresh air pipe on the coil air conditioning unit 4 is closed, and the return air valve of the return air pipe is opened.
  • the fresh air valve of the fresh air pipe on the dry coil air-conditioning unit 4 is opened, and the return air valve of the return air pipe is closed at the same time, and a new air operation mode is adopted.
  • the air return opening of this embodiment is installed at a high place in the room, about 3 meters from the ground.
  • the size and number of return air outlets should be calculated based on the rated return air volume of a unit.
  • the air supply volume of the unit can be obtained based on the sensible heat load and air supply temperature difference assumed by a dry coil unit.
  • the air volume is equal to the air supply volume of the unit.
  • the size and number of return air outlets can be calculated according to the control wind speed method.
  • the air supply volume of the dry coil air conditioning unit + the fresh air volume of the solution commissioning air conditioner unit the air supply volume of the air supply device 2
  • the air volume of the air device 2 / the rated air volume of the single air device 2 the number of the air devices 2.
  • the dry-coil air-conditioning unit 4 of this embodiment is similar to a conventional air-conditioning unit, except that the temperature of the water supply and the structure of the heat exchanger are different.
  • the air-conditioning unit is an air treatment equipment assembled from various air treatment functional sections.
  • the air handling function of the unit includes: air mixing, equalizing, filtering, cooling, primary and secondary heating, dehumidification, humidification, blower, return fan, water spray, noise reduction, heat recovery and other unit bodies. Classified according to the structure type, it can be divided into horizontal, vertical and ceiling.
  • the radiation coil 1 is disposed between the floor and the base layer 13, and an insulation layer 14 is provided above the base layer 13, the radiation coil 1 is located on the upper surface of the insulation layer 14, and the insulation layer 14 and the lower surface of the floor There is a concrete filling layer 15 therebetween.
  • a coil-type radiation floor is formed between the base layer 13, the thermal insulation layer 14, the radiation coil 1, the concrete filling layer 15 and the floor.
  • the radiant coil 1 is directly placed on the concrete floor (or floor) in a high space.
  • the pipe material is a cross-linked polyethylene pipe (PE-Xa, PE-Xc) with an oxygen barrier layer or a heat-fusible polybutene (PB ) Tube, the use condition level is 4 levels, the radiating coil is arranged in a folding type, the outer diameter D of the pipe is 25mm, and the wall thickness e is selected as: PE-Xe ⁇ 2.3mm; PBee ⁇ 2.0mm; floor radiation manifold
  • the water collector adopts the integrated assembly type of machining accessories, instruments and insulation, and must not be assembled on site. Each product should be completely tested before leaving the factory.
  • the floor coil of each circuit shall be used in its entirety. Radiated coils shall not be used.
  • the radiant coil 1 is arranged in a folded-back type.
  • the radiant coil 1 includes at least one circulation circuit, and each circulation circuit is connected to the main liquid return pipe through a water collector, and each circulation circuit is connected to the main liquid supply pipe through a water separator.
  • the air supply device 2 is installed on the ground of a tall space, and the air exhaust device is located on the top of the tall space, so that the air supply device 2 and the air exhaust device constitute a replacement type lower air supply.
  • the organic combination of the coiled radiant floor and the replacement type lower air supply method is adopted.
  • the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 treats the outdoor fresh air to a suitable temperature and humidity, and the dry-type coil air-conditioning unit 4 returns indoor air or outdoor fresh air. After processing to the corresponding temperature, the mixed air is sent into each load concentration area through the replacement air supply device 2 by the replacement air supply method.
  • the coiled radiant floor bears the basic sensible heat load
  • the solution humidity conditioning air conditioning unit 3 bears all the latent heat load and part of the sensible heat load
  • the dry-coil air-conditioning unit 4 of this embodiment is installed in the air-conditioning room 300 and installed on the floor.
  • the unit is placed on a flat base.
  • the base can be cast by concrete or welded by channel steel.
  • the foundation surface should be leveled and wiped during installation. Light. Bolt connection, and cooperate with damping pads or springs.
  • the dry coil air-conditioning unit 4 has the advantages of large air volume, low noise, simple structure, flexible installation position, and no wet surface.
  • the new air-conditioning end system only needs to ensure that the temperature and humidity in the control zone are within a reasonable range. can.
  • the air-supply device 2 of this embodiment is installed on the floor of a large space. The purpose is: during the cooling season, the air-supply device 2 sends cold air lower than the indoor air temperature into the room. The density of the surrounding air, so the cold air sent in naturally settles on the ground. By controlling the amount of air sent by the air supply device 2, the cold air sent in diffuses to the control area, thereby ensuring that the control area meets the needs of people and equipment. Temperature and humidity values.
  • the air supply device 2 sends hot air higher than the indoor air temperature into the room.
  • the hot air sent in first passes through the personnel movement area.
  • the hot air sent in is diffused. To the control area to ensure that the control area reaches the temperature and humidity values required by people and equipment.
  • the chilled water pump sends about 7 ° C cold water prepared by the refrigerator to the surface cooler of the air-conditioning unit, and completes the hot and humid treatment of the air through the surface cooler.
  • the supply temperature of cold water is usually around 7 ° C.
  • a cold source with a temperature of about 15 to 18 ° C can be used.
  • the heat removed by the high-temperature cold source can be used to process the low-temperature cold source of about 7 ° C with dehumidification. , Resulting in waste of energy utilization grade, limiting the use of natural cold sources and improving the efficiency of refrigeration equipment.
  • the mechanism of low energy consumption of the new type air conditioning terminal system in this embodiment is as follows: First, the drastic reduction of the capacity of the air conditioning system equipment will directly result in a significant reduction in operating energy consumption and costs. Second, only heat and humidity treatment is performed on the control area (personnel activity area near the ground), the air volume of the air conditioning system is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption and cost of air cycle power equipment are significantly reduced. Third, because a large-area coiled radiant floor is used, and water is used as the medium for the transmission of cold and heat in the coil, due to the large specific heat capacity of water, the energy consumption for transportation is only 20% of that of air-conditioning systems with air as the medium. % To 30%.
  • the solution dehumidification air conditioning unit 3 is used to dehumidify the fresh air instead of the traditional condensation and dehumidification method and bear the entire latent heat load in the room.
  • Other equipment only needs to handle the indoor sensible heat load (about 50% to 70% of the total load). ), So that it is possible to directly use free natural cold sources. Even if electric refrigeration is used, the efficiency of the refrigerator will increase by more than about 30%. The improvement of the efficiency of the refrigerator further reduces the system's operating energy consumption and costs.
  • the evaluation of the thermal comfort of an indoor environment requires comprehensive consideration of the following factors: air temperature, air humidity, air velocity, average radiant temperature, human factors (metabolism rate, clothing wear, etc.).
  • the indoor environment's thermal Comfort is only related to four factors: air temperature, air humidity, air velocity, and average radiant temperature.
  • the air movement mechanism of all-air mixed ventilation is the effect of inertia force.
  • the inertia force is used to dilute and mix the indoor air.
  • the interior space of the building is the main body, and the indoor environment is subjected to heat and humidity treatment as a whole. Determined by the full air mixed ventilation mechanism, the indoor thermal comfort is not ideal during the cooling season, heating season and transition season.
  • the outdoor fresh air is mainly used to control the concentration of pollutants in the indoor air.
  • the cleanliness is greatly reduced before the fresh air enters the room. Sending at a height of 3.5 to 7.0 meters or higher will cause the pollutants in the upper part of the indoor space to diffuse downward, which will seriously affect the air quality of the area where people move, which is caused by the mixing of the air supply method.
  • Embodiment 1 solves the problem of high energy consumption of the existing air-conditioning terminal system
  • this embodiment also solves the problem of poor air quality in a large space.
  • the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the new type air conditioning terminal system of this embodiment further includes a solution humidity conditioning air conditioning unit 3.
  • the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 processes outdoor air into fresh air with a certain humidity and temperature, and the air supply device 2 is also used to deliver fresh air to a large space.
  • the fresh air and the second air conditioner The cold air or hot air output by the equipment is collected and sent into the tall space through the air supply device 2 to make the fresh air diffuse in the control area and improve the air quality in the control area.
  • the second air-conditioning equipment, the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3, and the air supply device 2 are connected through a pipe network. Fresh air and cold or hot air output from the second air-conditioning equipment are collected in the pipe network and transmitted to the air-conditioning system through the pipe network. ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ Wind device 2.
  • the high-temperature and humid fresh air passes through the total heat recovery unit and dehumidification unit of the solution humidifying air-conditioning unit 3 and becomes low-temperature and dry fresh air. It is mixed with cold air and sent out from the air supply device; After the pre-cooling unit and the dehumidifying unit of the air-conditioning unit 3 become low-temperature dry fresh air, they are mixed with cold air and sent out from the air supply device.
  • the fresh air processed by the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 bears all the latent heat load and part of the sensible heat load in the room.
  • the solution humidity control air conditioning unit 3 uses a solution with hygroscopic performance as a hygroscopic material.
  • the solution directly contacts the air for heat and mass transfer.
  • a set of devices can simultaneously meet the needs of dehumidification and humidification, and the solution can effectively purify the air. Remove harmful substances such as bacteria, mold and dust in the air.
  • the working principle of the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 to change the high-temperature humid fresh air into the low-temperature dry fresh air is that the solution humidity-conditioning air conditioning unit 3 uses a solution with hygroscopic properties as a hygroscopic material, such as a lithium bromide solution and a lithium chloride solution.
  • a solution with hygroscopic properties as a hygroscopic material, such as a lithium bromide solution and a lithium chloride solution.
  • the pressure difference between the partial pressure of the water vapor of the treated air and the surface vapor pressure of the hygroscopic solution is the driving force for moisture transfer. Therefore, the lower the surface vapor pressure of the solution, in the same situation, the stronger the solution's dehumidification capacity and the treated air The lower the achievable humidity (moisture content).
  • the dehumidification unit and the regeneration unit are the core components of the solution dehumidification air treatment device.
  • the solution directly contacts the air for the heat and mass transfer process.
  • moisture is transferred from the air to the solution, and the air is dehumidified and the solution is diluted.
  • Regeneration is the reverse of the dehumidification process.
  • the air is humidified and the solution is concentrated and regenerated.
  • the heat and mass transfer effect of the dehumidifier and regenerator directly affects the performance of the entire solution humidity conditioning air treatment device.
  • the low-temperature dry fresh air passes through the total heat recovery unit and humidification unit of the solution humidifying air-conditioning unit 3 and becomes warm and humid fresh air, which is mixed with hot air and sent out from the air supply device.
  • the preheating unit and humidifying unit of the unit 3 become warm and humid fresh air, which is mixed with hot air and sent out from the air supply device.
  • the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 changes the low-temperature dry fresh air to warm and humid fresh air.
  • the working principle is similar to the summer process. In summer, the low-temperature dry fresh air is sent to the room, and the high temperature and humidity are sent to the room. The regeneration air is discharged, and in winter, high-temperature and humid air is sent into the room.
  • the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 is set in the air-conditioning room 300.
  • the height of the air-conditioning room 300 is not less than 3.3 meters, the temperature is 0 ° C to 45 ° C, and the relative humidity is less than 85%.
  • the installation of 3 is similar to that of the conventional air-conditioning unit.
  • the unit is placed on a flat base.
  • the base can be cast by concrete or welded by channel steel.
  • the foundation surface should be leveled and smoothed during installation. Bolt connection, and cooperate with damping pads or springs.
  • the novel air-conditioning end system of this embodiment can greatly improve the indoor thermal comfort in a large space. This is because the organic combination of the coiled radiant floor and the replacement under-air supply method can achieve a good layering effect and part
  • the purpose of space control is to achieve effective control of the hot and humid environment in the control area (personnel activity area near the ground), which can avoid the uneven distribution of temperature and humidity in the control area (personnel activity area near the ground), the wind speed is too large, and the sense of blowing is strong. Many uncomfortable factors, such as high summer temperature (caused by heat radiation) and low winter temperature (caused by cold radiation).
  • the novel air-conditioning end system of this embodiment can greatly improve the air quality in a large space. This is because the air supply device installed on the ground sends the treated fresh air from the bottom area of the room and rises to the room after passing through the human body. In the upper part of the room, the mechanism of fresh air first passing through the breathing zone of the personnel and reaching the fouling area in the upper part of the room and the rationality of its airflow organization flow, so that the personnel in the indoor work area can obtain a higher-quality indoor than the full-air mixed ventilation method under the same conditions. Air quality.
  • the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 uses a solution having hygroscopic performance as a hygroscopic material, and the solution directly contacts the air, which can effectively purify the air and remove harmful substances such as bacteria, mold, and dust in the air. Since the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 bears the entire latent heat load in the room, other equipment only bears the indoor sensible heat load. There is no wet surface in the system, which further prevents the breeding of harmful substances, and the air quality is excellent.
  • Fig. 1 4 is a dry coil air conditioning unit
  • 3 is a solution humidifying air conditioning unit
  • dry coil air conditioning unit 4 and solution humidifying air conditioning unit 3 pass through the air
  • the air ducts (the air ducts in the middle of 4 and 3, the arrows indicate the respective airflow directions) are finally collected in the main air duct, and the two air streams are mixed in the main air duct, and finally sent into the room through the replacement air outlet.
  • the outlet end of the solution humidity conditioning air-conditioning unit 3 is provided with a first branch pipe
  • the outlet end of the second air-conditioning equipment is provided with a second branch pipe
  • a main air pipe communicating with the air supply device 2 the first branch pipe and the second branch pipe It is communicated with the main air pipe respectively, so that the fresh air in the first branch pipe and the air in the second branch pipe are collected in the main air pipe.
  • the dry-coil air-conditioning unit 4 is a device specially developed to adapt to temperature and humidity independent control air-conditioning systems. It has the advantages of large air volume, low noise, simple structure, flexible installation position, and no wet surface. This embodiment focuses on the temperature and humidity independent control air conditioning system.
  • the dry-coil air-conditioning unit 4 is similar to the conventional air-conditioning unit, except that the temperature of the cold water supply and the structure of the heat exchanger are different.
  • the air-conditioning unit is an air treatment equipment assembled from various air treatment functional sections.
  • the air handling function of the unit includes: air mixing, equalizing, filtering, cooling, primary and secondary heating, dehumidification, humidification, blower, return fan, water spray, noise reduction, heat recovery and other unit bodies.
  • the medium in the radiation coil 1 is "high temperature cold water".
  • the medium (high-temperature cold water) in the radiation coil 1 can be all cold sources capable of generating (high-temperature cold water-about 14 ° C), and high-temperature coolers or natural cold sources can be used.
  • the heat exchange medium of the dry-type coil air-conditioning unit 4 is the return water from the refrigerating machine room or the upstream low-temperature user (primary user).
  • the cold water supply temperature of the dry fan coil unit 5 is generally about 16 ° C, which also comes from the return water of the refrigerating machine room or the upstream low-temperature user (a primary user).
  • the air to be cooled or heated required by the dry-type coil air-conditioning unit 4 comes from the indoor return air. It should be noted that the fresh air and indoor return air are not mixed in the dry-coil air-conditioning unit 4, and only the indoor space is used in the cooling season and the heating season.
  • the return air enters the dry-coil air-conditioning unit 4, at this time the valve of the fresh air pipe on the unit is closed. During the transition season, open the fresh air valve on the unit and close the return air valve at the same time, adopting a new air operation mode.
  • the air return opening of this embodiment is installed at a high place in the room, about 3 meters from the ground.
  • the size and number of return air outlets are calculated based on the rated return air volume required by a unit, and the supply air of the unit can be calculated according to the sensible heat load and the supply air temperature difference assumed by a dry coil unit.
  • the return air volume is equal to the air supply volume of the unit.
  • the size and number of return air outlets can be calculated according to the control wind speed method. According to the indoor dehumidification and the fresh air demand of the personnel, calculate the fresh air volume of the solution humidity control unit.
  • the air supply volume of the dry coil unit + the fresh air volume the air supply volume of the indoor air supply unit 2, divided by the single air supply unit.
  • the rated air volume of 2 can obtain the number of air supply devices 2. Because the dry fan coil 5 bears a small sensible heat load, it is best to arrange as much as possible, as long as there is a position under the glass curtain wall, it can be fully covered.
  • the sensible heat load (exhaust heat) accounts for about 50 to 70% of the total load
  • the latent heat load (humidity discharge) accounts for about 30 to 50% of the total load. Due to the heat-humidity coupling treatment method, in order to meet the dehumidification requirements, the temperature of the cold source is limited by the dew point temperature of the indoor air, which is usually 5 to 7 ° C. If only the process of removing residual heat is performed, the temperature only needs to be about 15 to 18 ° C The cold source can meet the demand.
  • the sensible heat load which accounts for more than half of the total load, can be treated by using high-temperature cold sources to dissipate the heat with a low-temperature cold source of 5-7 ° C together with dehumidification. This results in waste of energy utilization grade and limits natural cold sources. Utilization and improvement of refrigeration equipment efficiency.
  • the air-conditioning system In summer, the air-conditioning system is responsible for removing indoor waste heat, humidity, carbon dioxide, odors and other harmful gases. among them:
  • Exhaust heat removal can be achieved in a variety of ways. As long as the temperature of the medium is lower than room temperature, the cooling effect can be achieved. Indirect contact (radiation end, etc.) can also be used, and it can also be achieved by low-temperature air flow replacement.
  • the task of removing indoor residual humidity is consistent with the amount of fresh air required to remove carbon dioxide and odor.
  • the new air can simultaneously meet the requirements of removing residual humidity, carbon dioxide and odor, while the task of removing indoor residual heat is through other systems (independent Temperature control method). Since there is no need to undertake the task of dehumidification, a higher temperature cold source can be used to realize the control task of removing residual heat.
  • the air conditioning system assumes the task of increasing the indoor air temperature, humidifying the indoor air, carbon dioxide, odors and other harmful gases. among them:
  • Increasing the indoor air temperature can be achieved in a variety of ways. As long as the temperature of the medium is higher than room temperature, the heating effect can be achieved, the end can be irradiated by indirect contact, etc., and it can also be achieved by the replacement of high-temperature air flow.
  • the task of humidifying indoor air is consistent with the amount of fresh air required to eliminate carbon dioxide and odor.
  • the new air can simultaneously meet the requirements of humidifying indoor air, carbon dioxide and odor.
  • the task of increasing indoor temperature is independent of the temperature of other systems. Control method is implemented.
  • the temperature and humidity independent control air-conditioning system two independent air-conditioning systems, temperature and humidity, are used to control and adjust the indoor temperature and humidity.
  • the basic composition of the temperature and humidity independent control air-conditioning system is: a temperature control system and a humidity control system The two systems independently adjust the indoor temperature and humidity respectively.
  • Temperature control system including high-temperature cold source and waste heat elimination terminal device, it is recommended to use water or refrigerant as the transport medium, and try not to use air as the transport medium (to reduce the energy consumption of the transmission and distribution system operation). Since the task of dehumidification is undertaken by an independent humidity control system, the cold water supply temperature of the sensible heat system is no longer 7 ° C in the conventional condensing dehumidification air conditioning system, but can be raised to 16-18 ° C, thereby providing a natural cooling source. Under the conditions, even if the mechanical cooling method is adopted, the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator has been greatly improved.
  • the waste heat removal terminal device can adopt various forms such as a radiating end, a dry fan coil 5 and the like. Since the temperature of the water supply is higher than the dew point temperature of the indoor air, there is no danger of condensation.
  • Humidity control system at the same time undertake the task of removing indoor carbon dioxide and odor to ensure indoor air quality.
  • This system consists of a fresh air processing unit with a dehumidification function and an air supply terminal device.
  • the fresh air is used as a medium for energy transmission, and the humidity and carbon dioxide are adjusted by changing the air supply volume. Because the fresh air volume is only to meet the requirements of fresh air and humidity, the air volume of the air conditioning system independently controlled by temperature and humidity is much smaller than the air volume of the whole air system.
  • the temperature and humidity independent control air conditioning system separates the heat and humidity removal processes in the indoor heat and humidity removal process, avoiding the losses caused by the combined heat and humidity treatment in the conventional air conditioning system. Moreover, because the independent control and regulation system is used to process the temperature and humidity separately, it can meet the changing requirements of the room's heat-humidity ratio. Too low).
  • This embodiment also discloses the installation position of the air-conditioning room 300.
  • the air-conditioning room 300 is located below the ground where the indoor air supply end is located, and the main air supply pipe is connected to the indoor air supply end upward, the air flow is relatively smooth, and the initial investment is small.
  • the installation position of the air-conditioning room 300 can be flexibly selected.
  • the ground with the radiation coil 1 is on the second floor, and the air-conditioning room 300 is on the first floor.
  • the air-conditioning room 300 is located underground. Even if the air-conditioning room 300 is located below the outdoor ground, fresh air can be taken through the fresh air well without affecting the use of the solution humidity-conditioning air-conditioning unit and the dry fan coil air-conditioning unit.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，包括第一空调设备、第二空调设备、空调末端设备，该空调末端设备包括：辐射盘管、送风装置、以及干式风机盘管，辐射盘管埋设在地面内部，流体媒介在辐射盘管内循环流动，将流体媒介的能量传递到地板；送风装置安装在地面上，干式风机盘管靠近高大空间的侧壁安装。为满足高大空间建筑对空调系统的需求，本发明将辐射盘管供冷供热、置换式下送风、新风溶液调湿、干式盘管空调等技术有机结合，相对于目前常用的高大空间建筑中的混合通风全空气空调系统而言，具有空调系统负荷、初投资、运行能耗和运行费用大幅度降低，室内热舒适性和空气品质大幅度提高等优点。

Description

一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统 技术领域
本发明涉及暖通空调技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统。
背景技术
高大空间建筑(如：机场航站楼、车站候车厅、会展中心和体育场馆等建筑)大都存在一些共性的建筑特点和空调系统特点：
(1)建筑物高、大、通透；透明围护结构比例大；人流量大，密度高；全年运行时间长等；
(2)地板表面太阳辐射强；围护结构壁面温度高；仅近地面一定高度的空间存在空调温度、湿度和风速的需求等；
目前，国内高大空间建筑均采用的空调末端系统为喷口射流送风或顶部旋流风口送风的全空气混合通风空调系统，送风口高度很高(距地面3.5～7.0米或更高)，送风风速很大(3.0～7.5m/s或更大)。这种系统形式导致高大空间建筑空调系统存在负荷大、初投资高、运行能耗和费用高、室内热舒适性差、室内空气品质不良等问题。
有鉴于此，急需提供一种初投资小、运行能耗低、热舒适性和空气品质优良的新型空调末端系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，采用嵌设在地面内部的辐射盘管与布置在地面上的送风装置相结合的方式进行室内温湿度环境的调节和控制。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下：
一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，包括第一空调设备、第二空调设备、空调末端设备，该空调末端设备包括：辐射盘管、向高大空间内输送冷空气或热空气的送风装置、干式风机盘管；
所述辐射盘管埋设在高大空间的地面内部，所述第一空调设备与辐射盘管连通，所述辐射盘管内循环有自第一空调设备流出的流体媒介，该流体媒介的能量先传递到地面，再通过地面向高大空间内辐射能量，从而调节高大空间的温度；
所述送风装置安装在高大空间的底部，所述送风装置与第二空调设备连通，该送风装置将所述第二空调设备输出的冷空气或热空气扩散至整个高大空间的底部；
所述干式风机盘管为多个，多个所述干式风机盘管均固定在地面上，所述干式风机盘管靠近高大空间的侧壁设置。
作为本发明的进一步改进，还包括用于处理高大空间外部新风的溶液调湿空调机组，所述溶液调湿空调机组还用于向高大空间内输送新鲜空气，该新鲜空气通过送风装置送入高大空间内，使得新鲜空气扩散至整个高大空间的底部。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第二空调设备、溶液调湿空调机组、送风装置通过管网连通，从溶液调湿空调机组输出的新鲜空气和从第二空调设备输出的冷空气或热空气在管网内汇集，并通过管网输配至送风装置。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述送风装置为多个，多个送风装置均安装在高大空间的底部，第二空调设备和溶液调湿空调机组分别与每个送风装置连通。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第二空调设备的进风端设有回风管和新风管，回风管上设有回风阀门，新风管上设有新风阀门，所述回风阀门与新风阀门以择一方式打开，以实现高大空间内部回风或高大空间外部新风以择一方式输送到第二空调设备。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述回风管的顶端设有回风口，该回风口距 地面2.5m-4.0m。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述送风装置设置在高大空间内的地板上。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述辐射盘管为多根，多根辐射盘管并联埋设，并且每根辐射盘管均采用回折形分布。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述溶液调湿空调机组的出风端设有第一支管，所述第二空调设备的出风端设有第二支管，所述送风装置的进风端设有主风管，所述第一支管和第二支管分别与主风管连通，使得第一支管内的新鲜空气与第二支管内的冷空气或热空气在主风管内汇集。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第二空调设备为干式盘管空调机组，该干式盘管空调机组包括干式盘管，所述干式盘管与辐射盘管并联设置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明通过辐射盘管与下送风方式有机结合，不仅实现良好的分层效应和部分空间控制，还实现对控制区(近地面人员活动区)热湿环境的有效调控；本发明最大限度的减少空调供冷(热)量在控制区上部的无效损耗，从源头上大幅度减少空调负荷。
2、因空调系统负荷的大幅度降低，空调系统中制冷设备、输送设备、末端设备、附属设备、管材、附件等容量和型号大幅度减小，实现空调系统初投资大幅度降低。
3、本发明的新型空调末端系统运行能耗低、费用低。
4、本发明通过新鲜空气与冷空气或热空气混合后采用下部送风方式，只对控制区(近地面人员活动区)进行热湿处理，空调系统风量大幅度减小，空气循环动力设备的运行能耗和费用大幅度降低。
5、本发明采用大面积的辐射盘管，而盘管中以水为媒介进行冷热量的输送，由于水的比热容较大，因此新型空调末端系统的输送能耗仅为以空气为媒介的空调系统能耗的20％～30％左右。
6、本发明采用溶液调湿空调机组对新风进行除湿的方式取代传统的冷凝除湿方式，溶液调湿空调机组承担室内的全部潜热负荷，其他设备只 需要处理室内显热负荷(约占总负荷50％～70％)，从而使得直接利用免费的天然冷源成为可能，即使采用电制冷，制冷机的效率也会大幅度提高，约30％以上，制冷机效率的提高进一步降低了系统的运行能耗和费用。
附图说明
图1为新型空调末端系统的原理图；
图2为包含辐射盘管的辐射地板层结构示意图。
图中，1、辐射盘管；11、地辐射加热管；12、固定卡；13、基层；14、保温层；15、混凝土填充层；16、地板；2、送风装置；3、溶液调湿空调机组；4、干式盘管空调机组；5、干式风机盘管；200、新风；300、空调机房；400、高大空间；500、回风。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图所示的各实施方式对本发明进行详细说明，但应当说明的是，这些实施方式并非对本发明的限制，本领域普通技术人员根据这些实施方式所作的功能、方法、或者结构上的等效变换或替代，均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
在本实施例的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明创造和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明创造的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明创造的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两 个以上。
术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本发明创造中的具体含义。
实施例1：
由于高大空间建筑自身的建筑特点和对空调系统的需求，喷口射流送风或顶部旋流风口送风的全空气混合通风空调系统被普遍采用。但是由于受室内气流组织和现场实际条件的限制，喷口高度大多集中在距地面3.5～7.0米或更高，即空调系统控制喷口高度以下的室内温湿度环境，空调区域高度为3.5～7.0米左右，空调系统负荷巨大。如果受特殊条件制约，采用顶部旋流风口送风的全空气混合通风空调系统，空调系统的负荷还会增加30％～40％左右。据统计，高大空间建筑侧送风空调系统的冷负荷约为250W/m 2～280W/m 2，顶部旋流风口送风的空调冷负荷为300W/m 2～380W/m 2。
另外，由于空调系统负荷巨大，导致空调系统中制冷设备、输送设备、末端设备、附属设备、管材、附件等容量和型号大幅度增加，空调系统初投资很高。
为了解决现有的空调末端系统初投资大、运行能耗高的问题，请参图1所示，图1为新型空调末端系统的原理图，本实施例公开了一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统。该新型空调末端系统包括第一空调设备、第二空调设备、空调末端设备，该空调末端设备包括：辐射盘管1、送风装置2、干式风机盘管5、安装在高大空间顶部的排风装置；辐射盘管1埋设在高大空间的地面内部，第一空调设备与辐射盘管连通。
在供冷季节使用时，辐射盘管1内循环有自第一空调设备输出的低温流体媒介，低温流体媒介的能量先传递到地面，再通过地面向高大空间内辐射 能量，使高大空间内的温度降低；送风装置2安装在高大空间的底部，用于将第二空调设备和溶液调湿空调机组3输出混合的冷空气扩散至整个高大空间的底部；
干式风机盘管为多个，多个干式风机盘管均固定在地面上，干式风机盘管靠近高大空间的侧壁设置。
目前，多数高大空间的四周为玻璃幕墙，与常规的混凝土墙相比，玻璃幕墙的隔热效果相对较差。在供冷季节，室外的热量会通过玻璃幕墙进入高大空间内部，从而引起高大空间内温度升高。因此，本实施例在玻璃幕墙的附近设置若干个干式风机盘管，经干式风机盘管处理后的冷风吹向玻璃幕墙，使玻璃幕墙附近的室内温度降低，从而达到辅助调节高大空间内部温度的目的。在供暖季节，玻璃幕墙附近的空气温度较低，从而引起高大空间内温度降低。因此，本实施例通过在玻璃幕墙的附近设置若干个干式风机盘管，经干式风机盘管处理后的热风吹向玻璃幕墙，使玻璃幕墙附近的室内温度升高，从而达到辅助调节高大空间内部温度的目的。在实际使用中，优选干式风机盘管5与高大空间的侧壁(玻璃幕墙)之间的距离为0.5m～10m，0.5m～10m的距离，既能实现干式风机盘管对玻璃幕墙的降温，又能不影响干式风机盘管的安装，另外，干式风机盘管与玻璃幕墙间距0.5m～10m，不影响高大空间的正常使用。
在供暖季节使用时，辐射盘管1内循环有自第一空调设备输出的高温流体媒介，高温流体媒介的能量先传递到地面，再通过地面向高大空间内辐射，使高大空间内的温度升高；送风装置2安装在高大空间的底部，用于将第二空调设备和溶液调湿空调机组3输出混合的热空气扩散至整个高大空间的底部，使得高大空间室内的冷空气在热空气作用下上升并从排风装置排出。
本实施例的送风装置2直接安装在地面上，在实际使用中，相邻两个送风装置2之间的间距需要根据送风温度、送风速度、送风量来校核，相邻两个送风装置2之间的间距通常为5米～6米。当供冷季节使用时，本实施例的流体媒介为14℃左右的高温冷水，辐射盘管1中的介质(高温冷水)可以是 能产生高温冷水(14℃左右)的所有冷源，例如高温冷机或自然冷源等等。一般情况下，辐射盘管1内的媒介是来自于制冷机房或者上游低温用户(一级用户)的回水。辐射盘管1内媒介一般为14℃左右，只需使地板表面的温度高于室内空气的露点温度，保证地板表面不结露即可。
当供暖季节使用时，本实施例的流体媒介为45℃左右的低温热水，辐射盘管1中的介质(低温热水)可以是能产生低温热水(45℃左右)的所有热源，例如真空锅炉、太阳能热水、地热水等等。一般情况下，辐射盘管1内的媒介是来自于供热站或者上游高温用户(一级用户)的回水。
本实施例将送风装置2设置在高大空间的底部，将排风装置设置在高大空间的顶部，具有送风风量、送风风速及送风方向易于调节和控制，出风气流组织均匀，结构相对简单，易于安装、调试和检修等优点。
在实际使用中，优选第一空调设备为高温冷机或自然冷源等等。
在实际使用中，优选第二空调设备为干式盘管空调机组4，干式盘管空调机组4是专门为适应温湿度独立控制空调系统而开发的设备，具有风量大、噪声小、结构简单、安装位置灵活、无潮湿表面等优点。本实施例的干式盘管空调机组4与常规空调机组类似，区别仅在于冷水供水温度和换热器的结构形式有所不同。干式盘管空调机组4是一个整体，全部安装在空调机房300内，通过风管连接室内送风装置2。干式盘管空调机组4所需的待冷却风、待加热风来自于室内回风或室外新风，优选干式盘管空调机组4的进风端设有回风管和新风管，回风管上设有回风阀门，新风管上设有新风阀门，回风阀门与新风阀门以择一方式打开，以实现高大空间内部回风或高大空间外部新风以择一方式输送到干式盘管空调机组4。制冷季和采暖季只有室内回风进入干式盘管空调机组4，此时新风阀门是关闭的。当过渡季时，开启新风阀门，并同时关闭回风阀门，采取全新风运行模式。
本实施例中的回风阀门打开，新风阀门关闭后，处于控制区上方的空气，绝大部分从回风管进入干式盘管空调机组，经干式盘管空调机组处理后变成冷空气或热空气输出，此时排风装置排出的室内风仅占一小部分。
需指出，干式盘管空调机组4的新风与室内回风在干式盘管空调机组4内不混合，制冷季和采暖季只有室内回风进入干式盘管空调机组4，此时干式盘管空调机组4上新风管的新风阀是关闭的，回风管上的回风阀打开。当过渡季时，开启干式盘管空调机组4上新风管的新风阀，并同时关闭回风管上的回风阀，采取全新风运行模式。
本实施例的回风口安装在室内的高处，大概距地面3米左右。回风口的尺寸和数量需根据一台机组的额定回风量计算得到，根据一台干式盘管机组负责区域内所承担的显热负荷和送风温差计算可得本机组的送风量，回风量等于机组的送风量，回风口尺寸和数量根据控制风速法计算可得。根据室内的除湿和人员新风量需求，计算可得溶液调湿机组的新风量，干式盘管空调机组的送风量+溶液调试空调机组的新风量＝送风装置2的送风量，送风装置2的送风量/单个送风装置2的额定风量＝送风装置2的个数。
本实施例的干式盘管空调机组4与常规空调机组类似，区别是供水温度和换热器的结构形式有所不同。空调机组是由各种空气处理功能段组装而成的一种空气处理设备。机组空气处理功能段有：空气混合、均流、过滤、冷却、一次和二次加热、去湿、加湿、送风机、回风机、喷水、消声、热回收等单元体。按结构型式分类，可分为卧式、立式和吊顶式等。
在本实施例中，优选辐射盘管1设置在地板与基层13之间，基层13的上方设有保温层14，辐射盘管1位于保温层14的上表面，保温层14与地板的下表面之间设有混凝土填充层15。基层13、保温层14、辐射盘管1、混凝土填充层15以及地板之间构成盘管式辐射地板。另外，混凝土填充层15与地板之间还可以有一层水泥砂浆找平层。辐射盘管1直接浇筑在高大空间的混凝土地面(或楼板)里，管材采用带阻氧层的交联聚乙烯管(PE-Xa、PE-Xc)或可热熔连接的聚丁烯(PB)管，使用条件等级采用4级，辐射盘管采用回折型布置，管道外径D为25mm，壁厚e选择为：PE-X e≥2.3mm；PB e≥2.0mm；地板辐射分水器、集水器采用机加工配件、仪表及保温一体化整装型，不得现场拼装，在出厂前应对每个产品进行完整的检测。每个回 路的地板盘管应采用整根，不得使用有断接的盘管辐射。辐射盘管1采用回折型布置，辐射盘管1包括至少一个循环回路，每个循环回路通过集水器与主回液管道连接，每个循环回路通过分水器与主供液管道连接。
在本实施例中，送风装置2安装在高大空间的地面上，排风装置位于高大空间的顶部，使送风装置2、排风装置构成置换式下送风。本实施例通过盘管式辐射地板与置换式下送风方式的有机结合，溶液调湿空调机组3将室外新风处理到合适的温湿度，干式盘管空调机组4将室内回风或室外新风处理到相应的温度，混合后的空气采用置换式下送风方式通过置换式送风装置2送入各负荷集中区域。盘管式辐射地板承担基础显热负荷，溶液调湿空调机组3承担全部潜热负荷和部分显热负荷，干式盘管空调机组4和外围护结构内侧地面上设置的干式风机盘管5承担剩余显热负荷。
本实施例的干式盘管空调机组4安装在空调机房300内，落地安装，机组放置在平整的基座上，基座可为混凝土浇制或槽钢焊制，安装时基础表面应找平抹光。螺栓连接，并配合减震垫或减震弹簧等方式。干式盘管空调机组4具有风量大、噪声小、结构简单、安装位置灵活、无潮湿表面等优点。
受高大空间内的人和设备高度的限制，仅需在高大空间地面之上的1.8m-2.5m范围内形成控制区，新型空调末端系统只需保证控制区的温湿度在合理的范围内即可。本实施例的送风装置2安装在高大空间的地面上，其目的是：在供冷季节，送风装置2将低于室内空气温度的冷空气送入室内，送入的冷空气因密度大于周围空气的密度，故送入的冷空气自然沉降到地面之上，通过控制送风装置2的送风量，使送入的冷空气扩散到控制区，从而保证控制区达到人和设备所需的温湿度值。在供暖季节，送风装置2将高于室内空气温度的热空气送入室内，送入的热空气先经过人员活动区，通过控制送风装置2的送风量，使送入的热空气扩散到控制区，从而保证控制区达到人和设备所需的温湿度值。
需要说明的是，高大空间内传统的空调末端系统运行能耗高的原因是：首先，空调系统设备容量的增加势必会带来运行能耗和费用的增加。 第二，采用大范围的空气循环方式进行热湿处理，空气循环动力设备的运行能耗和费用大幅度增加。第三，全空气空调系统中，以空气为媒介处理室内的热湿负荷，由于空气的比热容较小，输送能耗约为以水为媒介的空调系统的4～5倍左右。第四，全空气空调系统夏季供冷时，冷冻水泵将制冷机制备的约7℃的冷水输送至空调机组的表冷器内，通过表冷器完成对空气的热湿处理。为了满足除湿的需求，冷水的供水温度通常在7℃左右。但若只是进行排除余热的过程，只需要温度为15～18℃左右的冷源就可以满足需求，本可以采用高温冷源排走的热量却与除湿一起共用7℃左右的低温冷源进行处理，造成能量利用品位上的浪费，限制了自然冷源的利用和制冷设备效率的提高。
而本实施例的新型空调末端系统运行能耗低的机理是：首先，空调系统设备容量的大幅度缩减，直接会带来运行能耗和费用大幅度降低的结果。第二，只对控制区(近地面人员活动区)进行热湿处理，空调系统风量大幅度减小，空气循环动力设备的运行能耗和费用大幅度降低。第三，由于采用了大面积的盘管辐射地板，而盘管中以水为媒介进行冷热量的输送，由于水的比热容较大，输送能耗仅为以空气为媒介的空调系统的20％～30％左右。第四，采用溶液调湿空调机组3对新风进行除湿的方式取代传统的冷凝除湿的方式并承担室内的全部潜热负荷，其他设备只需要处理室内显热负荷(约占总负荷50％～70％)，从而使得直接利用免费的天然冷源成为可能，即使采用电制冷，制冷机的效率也会提高约30％以上，制冷机效率的提高进一步降低了系统的运行能耗和费用。
实施例2：
通常，评价室内环境的热舒适性需要综合考虑以下因素：空气温度、空气湿度、空气流速、平均辐射温度、人体自身因素(新陈代谢率和服装穿着等)，当参考对象固定时，室内环境的热舒适性只与空气温度、空气湿度、空气流速、平均辐射温度这四个因素有关。全空气混合通风的空气运动机理是惯性力作用，依靠惯性力使室内空气稀释混合，以建筑 物室内空间为主体，从整体上对室内环境进行热湿处理。由全空气混合通风机理决定，在制冷季、采暖季和过渡季，室内的热舒适性均不理想。
另外，影响室内空气品质的污染物种类繁多，包括二氧化碳、粉尘颗粒、甲醛、氮氧化物、真菌、细菌、病毒、尘螨等。全空气混合通风空调系统中主要靠引进室外新风来控制室内空气中污染物的浓度，但是在空调机组中将新风与回风混合后处理，新风未进入室内之前洁净度大大降低，然后从距地3.5～7.0米或更高的高度送出，使室内空间上部污染物向下扩散，严重影响人员活动区域的空气品质，这是因为送风方式而引起的掺混。再者，常规全空气混合通风空调系统采用冷凝的办法进行除湿，因而存在大量的潮湿表面，这些潮湿表面成为细菌、霉菌、病毒等污染物滋生和繁殖的绝佳场所，严重的影响了室内空气品质。
在实施例1解决现有空调末端系统运行能耗高这一问题的同时，本实施例还解决了高大空间内空气品质不佳的问题。与实施例1的不同之处在于，本实施例的新型空调末端系统还包括溶液调湿空调机组3。
在实施例1的基础上，溶液调湿空调机组3将室外空气处理成具有一定湿度和温度的新鲜空气，送风装置2还用于向高大空间内输送新鲜空气，该新鲜空气与第二空调设备输出的冷空气或热空气汇集后通过送风装置2送入高大空间内，使得新鲜空气在控制区扩散，提高控制区的空气品质。
优选第二空调设备、溶液调湿空调机组3、送风装置2通过管网连通，新鲜空气和第二空调设备输出的冷空气或热空气在管网内汇集，并通过管网输配至送风装置2。优选送风装置2为多个，多个送风装置2均安装在高大空间的底部，第二空调设备和溶液调湿空调机组3分别与每个送风装置2连通。
在供冷季节，高温潮湿新风经过溶液调湿空调机组3的全热回收单元、除湿单元后变成低温干燥新风，与冷空气混合后从送风装置送出；或者，高温潮湿新风经过溶液调湿空调机组3的预冷单元、除湿单元后变成低温干燥新风，与冷空气混合后从送风装置送出。
本实施例中，经溶液调湿空调机组3处理的新风承担室内全部潜热负荷和部分显热负荷。溶液调湿空调机组3采用具有吸湿性能的溶液作为吸湿材料，溶液与空气直接接触进行传热传质过程，一套装置可同时满足除湿和加湿的需求，而且溶液可以对空气进行有效的净化，去除空气中的细菌、霉菌、粉尘等有害物质。溶液调湿空调机组3将高温潮湿新风变成低温干燥新风的工作原理是：溶液调湿空调机组3采用具有吸湿性能的溶液作为吸湿材料，如溴化锂溶液、氯化锂溶液等。被处理空气的水蒸气分压力与吸湿溶液的表面蒸汽压之间的压差是水分传递的驱动力，因而溶液表面蒸汽压越低，在相同情况下，溶液的除湿能力越强、被处理空气所能达到的湿度(含湿量)越低。经过除湿过程后溶液的浓度降低、除湿能力下降，为了能够循环使用，同样需要对吸湿溶液进行浓缩再生。除湿单元和再生单元是溶液除湿空气处理装置的核心部件，在除湿/再生装置中溶液与空气直接接触进行传热传质过程。在除湿单元中，水分从空气传递给溶液，空气被除湿、溶液被稀释；再生是除湿过程的反过程，空气被加湿、溶液被浓缩再生。除湿器与再生器的传热传质效果直接影响整个溶液调湿空气处理装置的性能。
在供热季节，低温干燥新风经过溶液调湿空调机组3的全热回收单元、加湿单元变成温暖湿润新风，与热空气混合后从送风装置送出，或者，低温干燥新风经过溶液调湿空调机组3的预热单元、加湿单元变成温暖湿润新风，与热空气混合后从送风装置送出。
本实施例中，供暖季时，溶液调湿空调机组3将低温干燥新风变成温暖湿润新风的工作原理是：与夏季处理过程类似，夏季是将低温干燥的新风送入室内，而将高温潮湿的再生空气排出，冬季则是将高温潮湿的空气送入室内。
在实际使用中，溶液调湿空调机组3设置在空调机房300内，空调机房300高度建议不低于3.3米，温度0℃～45℃，相对湿度小于85％，落地安装，溶液调湿空调机组3的安装与常规空调机组安装方式类似，机组放置在平整的基座上，基座可为混凝土浇制或槽钢焊制，安装时基础表面应找平抹光。 螺栓连接，并配合减震垫或减震弹簧等方式。
本实施例的新型空调末端系统能大幅度提高高大空间内的室内热舒适性，这是因为：盘管式辐射地板与置换式下送风方式的有机结合，可实现良好的分层效应和部分空间控制目的，实现对控制区(近地面人员活动区)热湿环境的有效调控，能最大限度的避免控制区(近地面人员活动区)内温湿度分布不均，风速偏大，吹风感强烈，夏季体感温度偏高(热辐射导致)和冬季体感温度偏低(冷辐射导致)等诸多不舒适的因素。
本实施例的新型空调末端系统能大幅度提高高大空间内的空气品质，这是因为：安装在地面上的送风装置将处理过的新鲜空气由室内底部区域送入，经过人体后升至室内房间上部，新鲜空气先经过人员呼吸区后到达室内上部污浊区域的机理和其气流组织流动的合理性，使室内工作区人员在同等条件下，比全空气混合通风方式能得到更高质量的室内空气品质。而且，溶液调湿空调机组3采用具有吸湿性能的溶液作为吸湿材料，溶液与空气直接接触，可以对空气进行有效的净化，去除空气中的细菌、霉菌、粉尘等有害物质。由于溶液调湿空调机组3承担室内的全部潜热负荷，其他设备只承担室内显热负荷，系统中不存在潮湿表面，进一步杜绝了有害物质的滋生，空气品质极佳。
如图1所示的新型空调末端系统原理中，4为干式盘管空调机组，3为溶液调湿空调机组，干式盘管空调机组4和溶液调湿空调机组3处理后的空气通过支风管(4和3中间的风管，箭头示意各自的气流方向)最终汇集到主风管内，两股空气在主风管内混合，最后通过置换式送风口送入室内。即：溶液调湿空调机组3的出风端设有第一支管、第二空调设备的出风端设有第二支管、与送风装置2连通的主风管，第一支管和第二支管分别与主风管连通，使得第一支管内的新鲜空气与第二支管内的空气在主风管内汇集。
实施例3：
干式盘管空调机组4是专门为适应温湿度独立控制空调系统而开发的设备，具有风量大、噪声小、结构简单、安装位置灵活、无潮湿表面等优点。 本实施例重点阐述温湿度独立控制空调系统。干式盘管空调机组4与常规空调机组类似，区别是冷水供水温度和换热器的结构形式有所不同。空调机组是由各种空气处理功能段组装而成的一种空气处理设备。机组空气处理功能段有：空气混合、均流、过滤、冷却、一次和二次加热、去湿、加湿、送风机、回风机、喷水、消声、热回收等单元体。按结构型式分类，可分为卧式、立式和吊顶式等。辐射盘管1内的介质是“高温冷水”。当然，辐射盘管1中的介质(高温冷水)可以是能产生(高温冷水——14℃左右)的所有冷源，高温冷机或自然冷源都可以。一般情况下，干式盘管空调机组4的换热媒介是来自于制冷机房或者上游低温用户(一级用户)的回水。干式风机盘管5的冷水供水温度一般在16℃左右，同样来自于制冷机房或者上游低温用户(一级用户)的回水。
干式盘管空调机组4所需的待冷却风或待加热风来自于室内回风，需指出，新风与室内回风在干式盘管空调机组4内不混合，制冷季和采暖季只有室内回风进入干式盘管空调机组4，此时本机组上新风管的阀门是关闭的。当过渡季时，开启本机组上的新风阀，并同时关闭回风阀，采取全新风运行模式。本实施例的回风口安装在室内的高处，大概距地3米左右。回风口的尺寸和数量是根据一台机组所需要的额定回风量计算得到的，根据一台干式盘管机组负责区域内所承担的显热负荷和送风温差计算可得本机组的送风量，回风量等于机组的送风量，回风口尺寸和数量根据控制风速法计算可得。根据室内的除湿和人员新风量需求，计算可得溶液调湿机组的新风量，干式盘管机组的送风量+新风量＝室内送风装置2的送风量，除以单个送风装置2的额定风量即可得到送风装置2的个数。干式风机盘管5因为其承担显热负荷较小，所以尽量多的布置为最佳，只要玻璃幕墙下面有位置，可满布。
在空调系统中，显热负荷(排热)约占总负荷的50～70％，而潜热负荷(排湿)约占总负荷的30～50％。由于采用热湿耦合处理的方式，为了满足除湿需求，冷源温度受到室内空气露点温度的限制，通常在5～7℃，而若只是进行排除余热的过程，只需要温度为15～18℃左右的冷源就可以满足 需求。占总负荷一半以上的显热负荷部分，本可以采用高温冷源排走的热量却与除湿一起共用5～7℃的低温冷源进行处理，造成能量利用品位上的浪费，限制了自然冷源的利用和制冷设备效率的提高。
在夏季，空调系统承担着排除室内余热、余湿、二氧化碳、异味与其它有害气体的任务。其中：
排除余热可以采用多种方式实现，只要媒介的温度低于室温即可实现降温效果，可以采用间接接触的方式(辐射末端等)，又可以通过低温空气的流动置换来实现。
排除余湿的任务、排除二氧化碳、室内异味与其它有害气体的任务，就不能通过间接接触的方式，而只能通过低湿度或低浓度的空气与房间空气的置换(质量交换)来实现。
排除室内余湿的任务与排除二氧化碳、异味所需要的新风量与变化趋势一致，即可以通过新风同时满足排余湿、二氧化碳与异味的要求，而排除室内余热的任务则通过其他的系统(独立的温度控制方式)实现。由于无需承担除湿的任务，因而可用较高温度的冷源即可实现排除余热的控制任务。
在冬季，空调系统承担着提高室内空气温度、加湿室内空气、二氧化碳、异味与其它有害气体的任务。其中：
提高室内空气温度可以采用多种方式实现，只要媒介的温度高于室温即可实现取暖效果，可以采用间接接触的方式辐射末端等，又可以通过高温空气的流动置换来实现。
加湿室内空气的任务、排除二氧化碳、室内异味与其它有害气体的任务，就不能通过间接接触的方式，而只能通过温暖的、湿润的空气与房间空气的置换质量交换来实现。
加湿室内空气的任务与排除二氧化碳、异味所需要的新风量与变化趋势一致，即可以通过新风同时满足加湿室内空气、二氧化碳与异味的要求，而提高室内温度的任务则通过其他的系统独立的温度控制方式实现。
在温湿度独立控制空调系统中，采用温度与湿度两套独立的空调系统， 分别控制、调节室内的温度与湿度，温湿度独立控制空调系统的基本组成为：温度控制的系统与湿度控制的系统，两个系统独立调节分别控制室内的温度与湿度。
温度控制系统，包括高温冷源、余热消除末端装置，推荐采用水或制冷剂作为输送媒介，尽量不用空气作为输送媒介(以降低输配系统运行能耗)。由于除湿的任务由独立的湿度控制系统承担，因而显热系统的冷水供水温度不再是常规冷凝除湿空调系统中的7℃，而可以提高到16～18℃，从而为天然冷源的使用提供了条件，即使采用机械制冷方式，制冷机的性能系数也有大幅度的提高。余热消除末端装置可以采用辐射末端、干式风机盘管5等多种形式，由于供水的温度高于室内空气的露点温度，因而不存在结露的危险。
湿度控制系统，同时承担去除室内二氧化碳、异味，以保证室内空气质量的任务。此系统由除湿功能的新风处理机组、送风末端装置组成，采用新风作为能量输送的媒介，并通过改变送风量来实现对湿度和二氧化碳的调节。由于新风量仅是为了满足新风和湿度的要求，温湿度独立控制空调系统的风量，远小于全空气系统的风量。
温湿度独立控制空调系统将室内排热排湿过程中的排热和排湿过程分开处理，避免了常规空调系统中热湿联合处理所带来的损失。而且，由于采用独立的控制调节系统分别处理温度、湿度，可以满足房间热湿比不断变化的要求，克服了常规空调系统中难以同时满足温、湿度参数的要求，避免了室内湿度过高(或过低)的现象。
本实施例还公开了空调机房300的设置位置，空调机房300位于室内送风末端所处地面之下，主送风管向上就近连接室内送风末端，气流比较顺畅，而且初投资也较小，但是不限于此，空调机房300的设置位置可以灵活选择。在实际使用中，可以根据实际情况选择空调机房的设置位置。比如:内设辐射盘管1的地面为二层的地面，而空调机房300位于一层。再比如：空调机房300位于地下。即使空调机房300位于室外地面之下，也可以通过新风井取新风，不影响溶液调湿空调机组和干式风机盘管空调机组的使用。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，包括第一空调设备、第二空调设备、空调末端设备，该空调末端设备包括：辐射盘管(1)、向高大空间内输送冷空气或热空气的送风装置(2)、以及干式风机盘管(5)；
    所述辐射盘管(1)埋设在高大空间的地面内部，所述第一空调设备与辐射盘管连通，所述辐射盘管(1)内循环有自第一空调设备流出的流体媒介，该流体媒介的能量先传递到地面，再通过地面向高大空间内辐射能量，从而调节高大空间的温度；
    所述送风装置(2)安装在高大空间的底部，所述送风装置(2)与第二空调设备连通，该送风装置(2)将所述第二空调设备输出的冷空气或热空气扩散至整个高大空间的底部；
    所述干式风机盘管(5)为多个，多个所述干式风机盘管(5)均固定在地面上，所述干式风机盘管(5)靠近高大空间的侧壁设置；所述干式风机盘管(5)与高大空间的侧壁之间的距离为0.5m～10m。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，还包括用于处理高大空间外部新风的溶液调湿空调机组(3)，所述溶液调湿空调机组(3)还用于向高大空间内输送新鲜空气，该新鲜空气通过送风装置(2)送入高大空间内，使得新鲜空气扩散至整个高大空间的底部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，所述第二空调设备、溶液调湿空调机组(3)、送风装置(2)通过管网连通，从溶液调湿空调机组(3)输出的新鲜空气和从第二空调设备输出的冷空气或热空气在管网内汇集，并通过管网输配至送风装置(2)。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，所述送风装置(2)为多个，多个送风装置(2)均安装在高大空间的底部，第二空调设备和溶液调湿空调机组(3)分别与每个送风装置(2)连通。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，所述第二空调设备的进风端设有回风管和新风管，回风管上设有回风阀门，新风管上设有新风阀门，所述回风阀门与新风阀门以择一方式打开，以实现高大空间内部回风或高大空间外部新风以择一方式输送到第二空调设备。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，所述回风管的顶端设有回风口，该回风口距地面2.5m-4.0m。
  7. 根据权利要求1、2或3任一项所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，所述送风装置(2)设置在高大空间内的地板上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，所述辐射盘管(1)为多根，多根辐射盘管(1)并联埋设，并且每根辐射盘管(1)均采用回折形分布。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，所述溶液调湿空调机组(3)的出风端设有第一支管，所述第二空调设备的出风端设有第二支管，所述送风装置(2)的进风端设有主风管，所述第一支管和第二支管分别与主风管连通，使得第一支管内的新鲜空气与第二支管内的冷空气或热空气在主风管内汇集。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统，其特征在于，所述第二空调设备为干式盘管空调机组，该干式盘管空调机组包括干式盘管，所述干式盘管与辐射盘管(1)并联设置。
PCT/CN2018/114442 2018-08-23 2018-11-07 一种用于高大空间的新型空调末端系统 WO2020037836A1 (zh)

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