WO2020037776A1 - 一种轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统 - Google Patents

一种轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020037776A1
WO2020037776A1 PCT/CN2018/107859 CN2018107859W WO2020037776A1 WO 2020037776 A1 WO2020037776 A1 WO 2020037776A1 CN 2018107859 W CN2018107859 W CN 2018107859W WO 2020037776 A1 WO2020037776 A1 WO 2020037776A1
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water
solenoid valve
sewage
recovery
control unit
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PCT/CN2018/107859
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张丽
邓锐
臧童童
李拥军
夏峰
王明涛
周啸
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中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司
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Publication of WO2020037776A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020037776A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D35/00—Sanitation
    • B61D35/005—Toilet facilities
    • B61D35/007—Toilet facilities comprising toilet waste receiving, treatment, storage, disposal or removal devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a self-processing energy-saving and environment-friendly sanitation system, and belongs to the technical field of rail train water supply sanitation systems.
  • the in-line sanitation system does not deal with the discharge of passengers' pollutants. It directly discharges along the railway. Trains using the in-line sanitation system will not only affect the sanitation of the environment along the railway line during operation. The dirt also hidden great hidden dangers of disease transmission.
  • the toilet-type sanitary system overcomes the defects and hidden dangers of environmental pollution and disease transmission in the original in-line sanitary system, the long-distance trains also carry new problems while carrying dirt, such as:
  • the toilet-type sanitary system collects the passenger's dirt in a centralized way.
  • the centralized collection of sewage using the sanitary sanitary system means that users need to consider centralized cleaning of the sanitary sanitary system after use.
  • For short-distance trains consider setting up sewage facilities at the station to discharge and clean up the train's sewage. ;
  • For long-distance trains or direct trains it is impossible to stop the station to clean up the dirt. Therefore, it is necessary to consider setting up mobile sewage cleaning equipment to timely clean up the long-distance trains, so as to ensure the normal use of the sanitary sanitary system.
  • the normal operation of the train In the process of using the sanitary sanitary system, the user invisiblely increases the workload of sewage cleaning and treatment. The user also needs to configure corresponding sewage cleaning facilities and equipment. This method brings users labor and labor outside of operation. Economic costs.
  • the purpose of the present invention is mainly to address the disadvantages of environmental pollution and hidden dangers of disease transmission caused by the discharge of pollutants along the on-board sanitary system of trains, and the large amount of manual and economical pollution of the air in the carriages during the use of the on-board sanitary system.
  • the cost increases, and how to reduce the waste of water resources of trains and the problem of replenishing water resources for trains.
  • a self-processing energy-saving and environmental-friendly sanitation system for rail trains is provided.
  • the rail train self-processing energy-saving and environmental-friendly sanitation system is characterized by including: an electric control unit, a vacuum toilet, a microbial degradation dirt box, a filtering device, a disinfecting device, Sewage solenoid valve is installed in the pipeline between the recovery water tank, the sewage outlet of the vacuum toilet and the microbial degradation sewage box, and the line between the microbial degradation sewage box and the filtering device is equipped with a filtering solenoid valve, a filtering solenoid valve and a disinfection device
  • the pipeline between them is equipped with a disinfection solenoid valve
  • the pipeline between the disinfection device and the recycling water tank is equipped with a recycling solenoid valve and a recycling water pump.
  • the recycling water tank is connected with a water interface of the vacuum toilet, and the pipeline is equipped with The water supply pump and the water solenoid valve, the vacuum toilet, the sewage discharge solenoid valve, the filter solenoid valve, the disinfection solenoid valve, the recovery solenoid valve, the recovery water pump, the water supply pump and the water solenoid valve are all controlled by the electric control unit.
  • the present invention also requires protection of a rail vehicle sewage treatment method, which is characterized in that it is implemented by using the aforementioned rail train self-processing energy-saving environmental protection sanitation system, and the specific process is as follows:
  • the electric control unit controls the work of the vacuum toilet, so that the vacuum generating unit in the vacuum toilet cooperates with the air interface on the toilet to form the negative pressure required for sewage discharge.
  • the vacuum is turned on.
  • the sewage enters the first treatment chamber of the microbial degradation sewage tank through the sewage pipe. After the delay time t0, close the sewage valve and the sewage solenoid valve of the vacuum toilet;
  • the sewage is filtered in the first treatment chamber, and the sediment remains in the first treatment chamber.
  • the filtered sewage enters the second treatment chamber for anaerobic biodegradation, and then enters the third treatment chamber for aerobic microorganisms on the sewage. Degradation treatment, so that the treated discharged water meets environmental protection discharge standards;
  • the sewage enters the microbial degradation sewage box for processing.
  • the electric control unit opens the filtering solenoid valve, and the water from the microbial degradation sewage box enters the filtering device for filtering.
  • the electric control unit closes the filtering solenoid valve and isolates it.
  • the microorganisms degrade the dirt box and the filtering device; after the delay time t3, the electric control unit opens the disinfection solenoid valve, and the filtered water enters the disinfection device for disinfection.
  • the electric control unit closes the disinfection solenoid valve to isolate the filtering device and the disinfection device;
  • the electric control unit opens the recovery solenoid valve, and at the same time, the electric control unit controls the recovery water pump to start, and the sterilized water is pumped into the recovery water tank by the recovery water pump through the filter for collection;
  • the electric control unit controls the linkage of the water solenoid valve and the water supply pump, pumps the water tank of the recovery water tank to the train water point, and closes the water solenoid valve and the water supply pump after the recovery water is used.
  • the present invention utilizes microbial degradation technology to degrade the pollutants.
  • the pollutants meet the environmental protection emission standards after microbial degradation, which reduces the pollution and potential hidden dangers caused by the direct discharge of train pollutants to the environment.
  • the present invention adopts different filtration treatment processes to perform different levels of filtration treatment on the degraded water quality, so as to achieve different recovery standards, and the recovered filtered water can be combined to complete decolorization.
  • users can recycle the water that meets the recovery and use standards, effectively saving resources for trains, and alleviating the problems and concerns of water supply and use for long-distance trains.
  • the present invention not only saves the manual operation cost for the user, but also avoids the need for centralized and centralized discharge of the convenience sanitary system, and it must consume a lot of manpower for the construction of related sewage facilities or the configuration of related sewage facilities. Material and financial issues.
  • the system adopts microbial degradation treatment.
  • the treated discharged water not only meets environmental protection discharge standards, but also greatly reduces the labor, facilities and time costs required for the treatment of sewage in the future. Overall, the invention has the advantage of automatically reducing maintenance costs.
  • the present invention firstly abandons the direct discharge method and adopts a reasonable system configuration to ensure that the dirt is effectively sealed and isolated from the passenger compartment environment after collection, which reduces the environmental pollution in the passenger compartment and can provide passengers with A good ride environment.
  • the connection between the dirt box and the vehicle adopts an electromagnetic seal isolation design. Without triggering the system to work, the sewage solenoid valve (8) does not operate, effectively isolating the dirt from the air circulation in the compartment, providing passengers with a good cabin ride. Car experience.
  • the present invention can be selectively configured according to user needs, for example: 1) When the installation and maintenance space is tight, other processing equipment can be integrated into In the basic dirt box, a multifunctional dirt box is formed, and the basic design of the system equipment can effectively reduce the connection parts of external related interfaces, and alleviate the problem of space constraints for users. 2) According to the specific requirements of users, the system equipment can be installed in multiple locations such as inside or outside the vehicle, which can effectively meet the requirements of different vehicle models and different space requirements.
  • the system configuration of the invention is flexible and changeable, and has strong expandability, which can meet different needs of different users in different regions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-processing energy-saving and environmental-friendly sanitation system for a rail train.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vacuum toilet.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a microbial degradation dirt box.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sewage treatment process.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for treating rail vehicle dirt.
  • the track train self-processing energy-saving and environmentally-friendly sanitation system of this embodiment includes a vacuum toilet 1 (can be a squatting toilet or a toilet, and the diagram of the present invention describes the system in the form of a toilet).
  • Microbial degradation dirt box 2 filter device 3, disinfection device 4, recovery water tank 5, electrical control unit (DCU) 6, flush button 7, sewage solenoid valve 8, filter solenoid valve 9, disinfection solenoid valve 10, recovery solenoid valve 11 , Recovery water pump 12, two filters 13, four manual in-line valves 14, water solenoid valve 15, manual flush valve 16, vehicle water valve 19, manual water supply valve 20, and water supply pump 26.
  • Fig. 1 17 is a water pipe and 18 is a control cable.
  • the vacuum toilet 1, the microbial degradation dirt box 2, the filtering device 3, the disinfection device 4, and the recovery water tank 5 are connected in sequence through a pipeline, and the sewage solenoid valve 8 is installed at the sewage outlet of the vacuum toilet 1 and the microbial degradation sewage box 2
  • the sewage solenoid valve 8 is installed at the sewage outlet of the vacuum toilet 1 and the microbial degradation sewage box 2
  • the disinfection solenoid valve 10 installed in the pipeline between the filter device 3 and the disinfection device 4
  • the recovery water pump 12 is installed in the pipeline between the disinfection device 4 and the recovery water tank 5
  • the water supply water pump 26 and the water solenoid valve 15 are installed in the pipeline between the recovery water tank 5 and the water interface of the vacuum toilet 1
  • the vacuum toilet 1, the sewage discharge solenoid Valve 8, filter solenoid valve 9, disinfection solenoid valve 10, recovery solenoid valve 11, recovery water pump 12, water supply pump 26 and water solenoid valve 15 are all controlled by the electric
  • the two filters 13 are respectively disposed on the pipelines of the recovery solenoid valve 11 to the recovery water pump 12 and the pipelines of the recovery water tank 5 to the water solenoid valve 15.
  • Four manual in-line valves 14 are respectively disposed at the water outlets of the microbial degradation dirt box 2, the filtering device 3, the disinfecting device 4, and the recovery water tank 5.
  • a manual valve 16 is connected to the water inlet of the water interface of the vacuum toilet 1, and a manual water supply valve 20 and a vehicle-mounted water valve 19 are connected to the water outlet of the water supply water pump 26 through pipes in order.
  • the vacuum toilet 1 integrates a vacuum generating unit 27, an electrical interface 21, a gas interface 22, a water interface 23, a sewage discharge valve 24, a sewage pipe 25,
  • the supercharger 31, the nozzle 32, and the flushing solenoid valve that controls the water output of the water supercharger 31 are equal to one body. They are more functional than ordinary toilets for rail vehicles and belong to a modular design, which is convenient for users to install, use and maintain.
  • the inlet of the water turbocharger is connected to the branch of the train air source, the water inlet is connected to the waterway interface 23, and the water outlet is connected to the nozzle 32.
  • the blowdown valve is placed at the front of the blowdown pipe.
  • the air inlet of the vacuum generating unit is connected to the train air cylinder.
  • the vacuum outlet is connected to the blowdown pipe.
  • the exhaust port is directly outside the vehicle.
  • the solenoid valve, vacuum generating unit, water booster and blowdown valve are flushed. Controlled by electrical control unit. After receiving the flushing instruction from the electric control unit, the vacuum generating unit in the vacuum toilet cooperates with the air interface on the toilet to automatically form the negative pressure required for sewage discharge. When the preset vacuum negative pressure value is reached in the toilet, the The drain valve and the flushing solenoid valve are opened at the same time, and the dirt is flushed with water from the water booster. Under the negative pressure, the dirt enters the microbial degradation dirt tank 2 connected to the vacuum toilet through the sewage pipe.
  • the working process of the water booster is as follows: when the system is waiting, the flushing solenoid valve is closed, at this time the water inlet is filled with water from the water inlet, and the nozzle is mechanically closed at this time.
  • the flushing The solenoid valve is opened by the instruction of the electric control unit, the air source is connected through the water inlet of the water booster, the water inlet of the water booster is reversely closed, the stored water is pressed out by the train air source through the water outlet, and the toilet is carried out through the nozzle. rinse.
  • the flushing solenoid valve is closed, the water spraying machine is closed, and the water inlet continues to store water through the role of the water supply pump, waiting for the next flushing instruction to cycle.
  • the microbial degradation dirt box 2 includes three sewage treatment chambers.
  • the first treatment chamber 28 mainly pulverizes or filters the original dirt.
  • the precipitated material remains in the first processing chamber 28 after precipitation. This part of the precipitate can be collected after a certain amount and recycled as fertilizer.
  • a large area of activated carbon is laid in the second processing chamber 29 to provide favorable conditions for anaerobic microorganisms.
  • the liquid mixed pollutants in the second processing chamber 29 are converted into soluble substances (such as organic acids and monomers) by the degradation of anaerobic microorganisms, and then enter the third processing chamber 30; in the third processing chamber 30
  • soluble substances such as organic acids and monomers
  • connection between the vacuum toilet 1 and the microorganism-degrading dirt box 2 in the embodiment of the present invention uses a sewage solenoid valve 8 to control the discharge and isolation of the dirt, and effectively ensures that the dirt is degraded by microorganisms when no passengers use the sanitary system.
  • the dirt box 2 is collected, it is sealed and isolated from the inside of the cabin to provide passengers with a good cabin environment; then the biodegradation technology is used to degrade the dirt and post-purify it.
  • the filtering device 3 in the present invention can be configured with different internal structures according to different needs of users.
  • the sewage treated by the filtering device 3 meets environmental protection discharge standards and can be directly discharged; it can also enter the disinfection device 4 for decolorization and disinfection to achieve higher recovery.
  • the filtered water can be directly discharged or collected by the recycled water tank 5 for reuse by the train.
  • the filtering device 3 can perform different filtering processes on the sewage through different design configurations, so that the filtered water quality can meet the requirements of different recycling standards of users.
  • the schematic diagram of the sewage treatment process is shown in Figure 4. If the sewage is treated by the process treatment route 1, it only improves the discharged water quality standards and cannot meet the requirements for recycling. If the sewage is treated by the process treatment route 2, the treated The water can be directly discharged or used for flushing the toilet after recycling. If the sewage is treated through process route 3, the treated water can be directly discharged or used for flushing the toilet. Filtration treatment process, so that the final treated water can also meet the requirements of train hand washing water quality. According to the different recycling and use requirements of different users, the present invention can set different process methods in the filtering process and expand the structure and configuration of the filtering device, so that the final water quality after treatment can meet the standards of different recycling and use requirements.
  • the electrical control unit 6 and several solenoid valves cooperate to form the core of the present invention, which is a self-processing operation, the electrical control circuit.
  • the manual in-line valve 14 disposed at different positions can be set in advance to a preset position to realize system functions, and the program in the electric control unit 6 can be programmed. , Control the corresponding solenoid valve to operate, to ensure that the sewage treatment process according to the needs of the user, through the system's different equipment configuration processing, so that the final treated water quality meets relevant environmental protection requirements.
  • the electrical control unit (DCU) 6 receives the system work trigger instruction.
  • the vacuum toilet 1 receives the toilet vacuum extraction instruction sent by the electrical control unit 6 through the electrical interface 21, and the vacuum
  • the generating unit 27 combines the pressure air provided by the train air cylinder connected to the air path interface 22 to form the negative pressure required for toilet drainage in the vacuum toilet 1.
  • the sewage valve 24 in the toilet is opened, and the sewage solenoid valve 8 is activated.
  • the vacuum toilet 1 communicates with the dirt box 2, and at the same time, the water in the water tank of the vacuum toilet flushes the vacuum toilet.
  • the dirt is under the effect of negative pressure. It enters the dirt box 2 through the sewage pipe 25. After a certain delay time t0 is set in the program (for example, 3s, the general value range is 3-5s, and the specific time required for sewage discharge can be calculated according to the actual installation of the equipment).
  • the electrical interface 21 of the vacuum toilet 1 receives the instruction to stop vacuuming.
  • the sewage discharge solenoid valve 8 loses power, the sewage discharge pipe 25 is restored to a closed state, and the vacuum toilet 1 and the dirt box 2 are effectively isolated.
  • the dirt After the dirt enters the dirt box 2 and is pulverized or filtered by the first processing chamber 28, part of the sediment remains in the first processing chamber 28.
  • the user can periodically collect this part of the sediment and use it as fertilizer;
  • the liquid mixed sewage filtered through the first processing chamber 28 reaches a certain capacity and is discharged to the second processing chamber 29 in a concentrated manner.
  • the filter solenoid valve 9 is powered and turned on.
  • the filtering solenoid valve 9 loses power , Isolate the dirt box 2 and the filtering device 3.
  • t3 2-5h, which can be set according to the filtration device's filtering processing rate and maximum capacity calculation
  • the disinfection solenoid valve 10 is powered on, and the filter device 3 and the disinfection device 4 are connected.
  • the filtered sewage enters the decolorization and disinfection link; after a certain delay time t4 (2-10min, set based on the calculation of the maximum capacity of the disinfection device and the pipeline flow rate), the disinfection solenoid valve 10 loses power and isolates the filter device 3 and the disinfection device 4. After a certain delay time t5 (2-5h, set according to the user's disinfection needs and disinfection rate of water quality), the recovery solenoid valve 11 is opened, and the electrical control unit 6 controls the recovery water pump 12 to start, and the disinfected water passes through the filter 13 is collected by the recovery water pump 12 into the recovery water tank 5. So far, the working process of the present invention for treating sewage into recyclable water resources has basically ended.
  • the above time range is only a general calculation and estimation. The specific project needs to be recalculated and set according to the actual configuration and technical parameters.
  • the electric control unit 6 can control the water solenoid valve 15 and the water supply pump 26 to link the water tank water pump to the train water point. After the water is used, the water solenoid valve and the water pump are closed.
  • the recovery water pump 12 cannot be started at the same time, that is, the priority of the water supply pump 26 is higher than that of the recovery water pump 12.
  • the recovered water can be used to flush the toilet with the manual valve 16, or the manual water supply valve 20 can be used to send the water that meets the environmental protection use standard to the vehicle water valve 19 for passenger use.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，包括：电气控制单元（6），通过管路依次连接的真空便器（1）、微生物降解污物箱（2）、过滤装置（3）、消毒装置（4）、回收水箱（5），真空便器（1）的排污口与微生物降解污物箱（2）之间的管路装有排污电磁阀（8），微生物降解污物箱（2）与过滤装置（3）之间的管路装有过滤电磁阀（9），过滤装置（3）与消毒装置（4）之间的管路装有消毒电磁阀（10），消毒装置（4）与回收水箱（5）间的管路装有回收电磁阀（11）和回收水泵（12），所述回收水箱（5）与真空便器（1）的水路接口间连接有管路，该管路上装有供水水泵（26）和用水电磁阀（15）。

Description

一种轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种自处理节能环保型卫生系统，属于轨道列车给水卫生系统技术领域。
背景技术
随着人民生活水平日益提高，和近年来我国轨道交通行业的飞速发展，人们对轨道交通乘车环境的环保关注度越来越高，对车厢舒高适度体验要求也是越来越高，然而我国轨道交通车载卫生系统的发展速度却并不如人意。
目前为止，我国轨道列车车载卫生系统，主要有两种，一种是直排式卫生系统，一种是集便式卫生系统。直排式卫生系统对旅客产生污物的排放并无任何处理，就直接排放铁道沿线，采用直排式卫生系统的列车，在运行过程中不仅影响铁道沿线环境的卫生情况，天长日久下去，直排的污物还潜藏着极大的疾病传播的隐患。集便式卫生系统虽克服了原直排式卫生系统存在的环保污染、疾病传播等方面的缺陷和隐患，但长途列车携带污物行驶的同时，也带来了新的问题发生，例如：由于集便式卫生系统将旅客污物进行集中收集，如果污物收集容器密封隔离不到位，污物集中产生的不良气体会对密封车厢内的空气造成污染，严重影响旅客的乘车体验。另外，使用集便式卫生系统对污物集中收集，就意味着用户需要考虑对集便式卫生系统使用后进行集中清理，对于短途列车，可以考虑车站设置排污设施对列车污物进行排放和清理；对于长途行驶的列车或是直达列车，不可能沿途站站停车对污物进行清理，于是还需考虑设置移动排污清理设备对长途列车进行及时的清理，从而保证集便式卫生系统的正常使用和列车的正常运行。集便式卫生系统在使用过程中，无形给用户增加了污物清理和处理的工作量，用户还需配置相应的排污清理设施和设备，这种 方式给用户带来了运营之外的人工和经济成本。
由于我国地域辽阔，人口众多，长途列车的诞生缩短了人们与亲人之间遥遥相望的物理距离，但在列车的长途行驶中，由于乘客需要在列车内进行简单的起居饮食，水资源的需求、浪费和如何及时补给确保列车整车运行，是列车运营方多年来不容忽视和无法彻底解决的问题之一。
因此，想要解决轨道列车卫生系统所存在的问题，亟需一种能够规避上述卫生系统的所有缺陷，结合多领域先进科学技术，发明一种能够适应国情发展，满足环保标准，符合人们优质旅行生活需求，造福轨道交通行业的新兴卫生系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的主要是针对列车车载直排式卫生系统沿途排放污物造成的环境污染和疾病传播隐患的弊端，和车载集便式卫生系统使用中对车厢内空气污染和后期维护大量人工和经济成本增加，以及如何降低列车水资源浪费和为列车进行一定水资源补给问题，提供一种轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明提供的轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，其特征在于包括：电气控制单元，通过管路依次连接的真空便器、微生物降解污物箱、过滤装置、消毒装置、回收水箱，真空便器的排污口与微生物降解污物箱之间的管路装有排污电磁阀，微生物降解污物箱与过滤装置之间的管路装有过滤电磁阀，过滤电磁阀与消毒装置之间的管路装有消毒电磁阀，消毒装置与回收水箱间的管路装有回收电磁阀和回收水泵，所述回收水箱与真空便器的水路接口间连接有管路，该管路上装有供水水泵和用水电磁阀，所述真空便器、排污电磁阀、过滤电磁阀、消毒电磁阀、回收电磁阀、回收水泵、供水水泵和用水电磁阀均受控于所述电气控制单元。
此外，本发明还要求保护一种轨道车辆污物处理方法，其特征在于：利用前述轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统实现，具体过程如下：
真空便器使用后，电气控制单元控制真空便器工作，使真空便器中真空发生单元配合便器上的气路接口形成排污所需的负压，当真空便器内达到预设真空负压值时，打开真空便器的排污阀和排污电磁阀，同时真空便器内部水增压器通过喷嘴喷出高压水冲洗真空便器，在负压作用下，污物通过排污管道进入微生物降解污物箱的第一处理室，延时t0后，关闭真空便器的排污阀和排污电磁阀；
污物在第一处理室进行过滤处理，沉淀物保留在第一处理室内，滤得污水的进入第二处理室后进行厌氧生物降解处理，随后进入第三处理室，对污水进行好氧微生物降解处理，使得处理后的排放水满足环保排放标准；
污物进入微生物降解污物箱处理，延时t1后，电气控制单元打开过滤电磁阀，微生物降解污物箱的出水进入过滤装置进行过滤，延时t2后，电气控制单元关闭过滤电磁阀，隔离微生物降解污物箱与过滤装置；延时t3后，电气控制单元打开消毒电磁阀，过滤水进入消毒装置进行消毒，延时t4后，电气控制单元关闭消毒电磁阀，隔离过滤装置与消毒装置；延时t5后，电气控制单元打开回收电磁阀，同时电气控制单元控制回收水泵启动，消毒后的水经过过滤器被回收水泵泵入回收水箱中进行收集；
当需要使用回收水时，电气控制单元控制用水电磁阀和供水水泵联动，将回收水箱的水泵到列车用水点，回收水使用完毕后关闭用水电磁阀和供水水泵。
本发明具备以下优点：
(1)节能环保：本发明利用微生物降解技术对污物进行降解处理，污物经过微生物降解后满足环保排放标准，降低了列车污物直接排放对环境带来的 污染和潜在隐患。本发明可根据不同用户对生物降解后产生的污水回用需求不同，采用不同过滤处理工艺对降解后的水质进行不同层级过滤处理，使之达到不同的回收标准，可回收过滤水配合再完成脱色消毒处理后，用户对满足回收使用标准的水可以进行再循环使用，有效地为列车节约资源，为长途列车缓解了水资源补给和使用的困扰和担忧。
(2)自处理性：本发明的整个工作流程无需人工干预，用户只需定期进行常规检查、清理和易耗件更换维护工作即可。乘客在卫生间使用后，轻按冲洗按钮，卫生系统将自动运行，系统工作过程无需人工进行干预，工作全过程根据用户需求，由电气控制单元DCU(6)执行预置程序，控制各电磁相应动作自行完成污物的处理工作。
(3)降本增效：本发明不但为用户节约了人工操作成本，还规避了集便式卫生系统需要定点集中排放，而必须为其建设相关排污设施或配置相关排污设备而消耗的大量人力物力财力问题。系统采用微生物降解处理，处理后的排放水不仅满足环保排放标准，还为用户大大降低了后期对污物进行处理所需的人工、设施和时间成本。总体来说，本发明有着自动降低维护成本的优点。
(4)提升车厢舒适度：本发明首先摒弃污物直排方式，采用合理的系统配置，确保污物收集后与车厢内环境有效地密封隔离，减小了车厢内的环境污染，能够给旅客一个良好的乘车环境。污物箱与车辆连接处采用电磁式密封隔离设计，在不触发系统工作情况下，排污电磁阀(8)不动作，有效隔离污物与车厢内的空气流通，为旅客提供了良好的车厢乘车体验。
(5)拓展性强：本发明在基础型污物箱(1)基础上，可根据用户需求选择性配置，例如：1)在安装和维护空间紧张的时候，可将其他处理环节设备集成到基础型污物箱内，形成多功能污物箱，系统设备的基础设计，可有效减少 外部相关接口的连接件，为用户缓解空间紧张的问题。2)可根据用户具体要求，将系统设备安装在车内或车外等多个位置，有效满足不同车型、不同空间需求等要求。本发明系统配置灵活多变，拓展性强，可满足不同地域不同用户不同需求。
附图说明
图1是轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统的原理图。
图2是真空便器结构示意图。
图3是微生物降解污物箱结构示意图。
图4是污水处理工艺流程示意图。
图5是轨道车辆污物处理方法流程图。
图中标号示意如下：
1-真空便器；2-微生物降解污物箱；3-过滤装置；4-消毒装置；5-回收水箱；6-电气控制单元；7-冲洗按钮；8-排污电磁阀；9-过滤电磁阀；10-消毒电磁阀；11-回收电磁阀；12-回收水泵；13-过滤器；14-手动直排阀；15-用水电磁阀；16-手动阀；17-水管；18-控制电缆；19-车载用水阀；20-手动供水阀；21-电气接口；22-气路接口；23-水路接口；24-排污阀；25-排污管道；26-供水水泵；27-真空发生单元；28-第一处理室，29-第二处理室，30-第三处理室；31-水增压器；32-喷嘴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式做解释说明。
如图1-3所示，本实施例轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，包括真空便器1(可为蹲便器亦可为座便器，本发明图示以座便器形式进行系统描述说明)，微生物降解污物箱2，过滤装置3，消毒装置4，回收水箱5，电气控制单 元(DCU)6，冲洗按钮7、排污电磁阀8、过滤电磁阀9、消毒电磁阀10、回收电磁阀11，回收水泵12、两个过滤器13、四个手动直排阀14、用水电磁阀15、手动冲洗阀16、车载用水阀19、手动供水阀20，供水水泵26。图1中，17为水管、18为控制电缆。
其中，真空便器1、微生物降解污物箱2、过滤装置3、消毒装置4、回收水箱5通过管路依次连接，排污电磁阀8安装在真空便器1的排污口与微生物降解污物箱2之间的管路，过滤电磁阀9安装于微生物降解污物箱2与过滤装置3之间的管路，消毒电磁阀10安装于过滤装置3与消毒装置4之间的管路，回收电磁阀11和回收水泵12则安装于消毒装置4与回收水箱5间的管路，供水水泵26和用水电磁阀15安装于回收水箱5与真空便器1的水路接口间的管路，真空便器1、排污电磁阀8、过滤电磁阀9、消毒电磁阀10、回收电磁阀11、回收水泵12、供水水泵26和用水电磁阀15均受控于电气控制单元6，冲洗按钮7与电气控制单元6连接，用以发起冲洗指令。两个过滤器13分别设置于回收电磁阀11至回收水泵12的管路上以及回收水箱5至用水电磁阀15的管路上。四个手动直排阀14分别设置于微生物降解污物箱2、过滤装置3、消毒装置4和回收水箱5的出水口处。真空便器1的水路接口的进水端连接有手动阀16，供水水泵26的出水端通过管路依次连接有手动供水阀20和车载用水阀19。
如图2所示，本发明实施例真空便器1集成了便器内排污所需的真空发生单元27、电气接口21、气路接口22、水路接口23、便器内排污阀24、排污管道25、水增压器31、喷嘴32和控制水增压器31出水的冲洗电磁阀等于一体，功能性较普通轨道车辆用便器更强，属于模块化设计，方便用户安装、使用和维护。水增压器进气口接列车气源分支，进水口接水路接口23，出水口接喷嘴32。排污阀置于排污管道前端，真空发生单元的进气口与列车风缸连接，真空 口与排污管道连接，排气口直通车外，冲洗电磁阀、真空发生单元、水增压器和排污阀受控于电气控制单元。真空便器在接收到电气控制单元的冲洗指令后，真空便器中真空发生单元配合便器上气路接口自动形成排污所需的负压，当便器内达到预设真空负压值时，打开便器内的排污阀，同时冲洗电磁阀打开，利用水增压器的水冲洗污物，在负压作用下，污物通过排污管道进入与真空便器连接的微生物降解污物箱2中。水增压器的工作过程如下：当系统等待的时候，冲洗电磁阀是关闭的，此时水增压器内由进水口充满了水，此时喷嘴处于机械封闭状态，当系统触发使用，冲洗电磁阀得到电气控制单元的指令打开，气源通过水增压器进气口接通，水增压器进水口逆向封闭，储存的水从出水口被列车气源压出，通过喷嘴对便器进行冲洗。冲洗完毕后，冲洗电磁阀关闭，喷水机械封闭，进水口通过供水水泵的作用继续存储水，等待下一次冲洗指令，以此循环。
如图3所示，本发明实施例微生物降解污物箱2内部包括3个污物处理室，第一处理室28主要对原始污物进行粉碎或过滤处理，部分粉碎不到位或采用过滤处理的沉淀物质沉淀后保留在第一处理室28，此部分沉淀物可集中到一定量后回收作为肥料使用；第二处理室29内铺设了较大面积的活性炭，为厌氧微生物提供有利的附着条件，第二处理室29的液态混合污物，在厌氧微生物的降解作用下，转化为可溶性形态物质(比如：有机酸、单体)，随后进入第三处理室30；在第三处理室30中，对污水进行淹没式固定床好氧微生物生化降解处理和简单的过滤处理，使得处理后的排放水满足环保排放标准。
本发明实施例的真空便器1与微生物降解污物箱2之间的连接采用排污电磁阀8进行控制污物的排放与隔离，在没有乘客使用卫生系统的情况下，有效保证污物被微生物降解污物箱2收集后与车厢内的密封隔离效果，给乘客提供 一个良好的车厢环境；然后再通过生物降解技术对污物进行降解和后期净化处理。
本发明中过滤装置3可根据用户不同需求可进行不同的内部结构配置，经过过滤装置3处理的污水满足环保排放标准，可直接排放；也可进入消毒装置4进行脱色消毒处理后达到更高回收使用标准，可将过滤后的水直接排放或利用回收水箱5进行收集后供列车再利用。
过滤装置3可通过进行不同设计配置，对污水进行不同的过滤工艺处理，使得过滤后的水质满足用户不同的回收使用标准要求。污水处理流程示意图如图4所示，若污水通过工艺处理路线1进行处理，仅提高了排放的水质标准，还不能达到回收使用的标准要求；若污水通过工艺处理路线2进行处理，处理后的水可直接排放，亦可进行回收后用于便器的冲洗；若污水通过工艺路线3进行处理，处理后的水可直接排放，也可用于便器冲洗，由于在过滤处理环节增加了更高标准的过滤处理工艺，使得最后处理过的水，还能满足列车洗手水质的要求。本发明可根据不同用户的不同回收使用要求，在过滤处理环节进行不同的工艺方法设置，拓展过滤装置的结构和配置，从而使得处理后的最终水质满足不同回收使用要求的标准。
本发明实施例通过电气控制单元6和若干电磁阀配合构成本发明能够自处理运行的核心——电气控制回路。本发明根据用户对污水处理后所达到的不同环保标准的要求，可提前将安置在不同位置的手动直排阀14设置到实现系统功能的预置位置，通过对电气控制单元6内程序的编写，控制对应的电磁阀进行动作，保证污水的处理流程按照用户的需求，通过本系统的不同设备配置中进行处理，使得最终处理后的水质满足相关环保要求。
利用上述系统进行污物处理，具体过程如下：
在乘客使用完卫生间，按下冲洗按钮7以后，电气控制单元(DCU)6接收到系统工作触发指令，此时真空便器1通过电气接口21接收到电气控制单元6发送的便器抽真空指令，真空发生单元27结合气路接口22所连接的列车风缸提供的压力风，在真空便器1内形成便器排污所需要的负压，当便器内的负压达到电气控制单元6程序预设阀值时，便器内排污阀24打开，排污电磁阀8得电动作，此时，真空便器1与污物箱2连通，与此同时真空便器内部水箱出水冲洗真空便器，污物在负压的作用下，通过排污管道25进入污物箱2。程序设置一定延时t0后(例如3s，一般取值范围为3-5s，具体可根据实际设备安装情况计算排污所需时长)，真空便器1的电气接口21接收到停止抽真空指令，此时排污电磁阀8失电，排污管道25恢复封闭状态，真空便器1与污物箱2之间有效隔离。
污物进入污物箱2之后，经过第一处理室28进行粉碎或过滤处理后，部分沉淀留在了第一处理室28内，用户可定时定点对此部分沉淀物集中回收后作为肥料使用；经过第一处理室28过滤出来的液态混合污物，达到一定容量后集中排放到第二处理室29，进入第二处理室29被厌氧微生物的进行降解，转化为可溶性形态物质，随后进入第三处理室30；进入第三处理室30的污水，在第三处理室30中经过淹没式固定床好氧微生物生化降解处理和简单的过滤处理后，满足环保排放标准。
污物进入污物箱2后需要经过一定时间的微生物降解处理，才能转化为满足环保排放标准的污水。因此，电气控制单元6置一定延时t1(2-8h，具体可根据污物箱容量、车辆载客排污量以及车辆运行时间综合计算进行设定)后，过滤电磁阀9得电，接通污物箱2与过滤装置3，经过降解的污水进入过滤工艺处理环节；延时一定时长t2(2-10min，根据过滤装置最大容量和管道流速计算 进行设定)后，过滤电磁阀9失电，隔离污物箱2与过滤装置3。同理，延时一定时长t3(2-5h，可对应过滤装置进行过滤的处理速率和最大容量计算进行设定)后，消毒电磁阀10得电，接通过滤装置3与消毒装置4，经过过滤的污水进入脱色消毒环节；延时一定时长t4(2-10min，根据消毒装置最大容量和管道流速计算进行设定)后，消毒电磁阀10失电，隔离过滤装置3与消毒装置4。延时一定时长t5(2-5h，根据用户对水质的消毒需求和消毒速率进行设定)后，回收电磁阀11打开，同时电气控制单元6控制回收水泵12启动，消毒后的水经过过滤器13被回收水泵12泵入回收水箱5中进行收集。至此，本发明将污物处理成可回收再利用水资源的工作流程基本结束。以上时间取值范围仅为常规计算估算，具体项目需根据实际配置和技术参数重新计算设定。
用户在需要使用回收水时，可通过电气控制单元6控制用水电磁阀15和供水水泵26联动，将回收水箱的水泵到列车用水点，回收水使用完毕后关闭用水电磁阀和供水水泵。
为了避免回收水箱在列车运行时的波动问题，在供水水泵26启动时，回收水泵12不可同时启动，即供水水泵26启动优先级高于回收水泵12。例如：回收水在供水水泵26作用下，可配合手动阀16对便器进行供水冲洗，也可配合手动供水阀20将处理后满足环保使用标准的水送到车载用水阀19供乘客使用。
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，其特征在于包括：电气控制单元，通过管路依次连接的真空便器、微生物降解污物箱、过滤装置、消毒装置、回收水箱，真空便器的排污口与微生物降解污物箱之间的管路装有排污电磁阀，微生物降解污物箱与过滤装置之间的管路装有过滤电磁阀，过滤电磁阀与消毒装置之间的管路装有消毒电磁阀，消毒装置与回收水箱间的管路装有回收电磁阀和回收水泵，所述回收水箱与真空便器的水路接口间连接有管路，该管路上装有供水水泵和用水电磁阀，所述真空便器、排污电磁阀、过滤电磁阀、消毒电磁阀、回收电磁阀、回收水泵、供水水泵和用水电磁阀均受控于所述电气控制单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，其特征在于：还具有一个与电气控制单元连接的冲洗按钮。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，其特征在于：所述回收电磁阀至回收水泵的管路上以及回收水箱至用水电磁阀的管路上均设置有过滤器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，其特征在于：微生物降解污物箱、过滤装置、消毒装置和回收水箱的出水口均设置有手动直排阀。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，其特征在于：所述真空便器的水路接口的进水端连接有手动阀，供水水泵的出水端通过管路依次连接有手动供水阀和车载用水阀。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，其特征在于：所述微生物降解污物箱具有依次相连的用于对污物做过滤处理的第一处理室、用于对污水进行厌氧微生物降解的第二处理室和用于对污水进行好氧微生物降解的第三处理室，所述真空便器排污口连接第一处理室，第三处理室的出水口与过滤装置连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统，其特征在于：所述真空便器具有水增压器和控制水增压器出水的冲洗电磁阀、排污管道和置于排污管道前端的排污阀、以及真空发生单元和气路接口，水增压器的进水口连接水路接口，出水口连接有用于冲洗的喷嘴，进气口接列车气源；所述真空发生单元的进气口与列车气源连接，真空口与排污管道连接，排气口直通车外，所述冲洗电磁阀、真空发生单元和排污阀受控于电气控制单元。
  8. 轨道列车，其特征在于，包含有如权利要求1-7任一项所述的轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统。
  9. 轨道车辆污物处理方法，其特征在于：利用权利要求1所述轨道列车自处理节能环保型卫生系统实现，具体过程如下：
    真空便器使用后，按下冲洗按钮，触发电气控制单元控制真空便器工作，使真空便器中真空发生单元配合便器上的气路接口形成排污所需的负压，当真空便器内达到预设真空负压值时，打开真空便器的排污阀和排污电磁阀，同时真空便器的内水箱出水冲洗真空便器，在负压作用下，污物通过排污管道进入微生物降解污物箱的第一处理室，延时t0后，关闭真空便器的排污阀和排污电磁阀；
    污物在第一处理室进行过滤处理，沉淀物保留在第一处理室内，滤得污水的进入第二处理室后进行厌氧生物降解处理，随后进入第三处理室，对污水进行好氧微生物降解处理，使得处理后的排放水满足环保排放标准；
    污物进入微生物降解污物箱处理，延时t1后，电气控制单元打开过滤电磁阀，微生物降解污物箱的出水进入过滤装置进行过滤，延时t2后，电气控制单元关闭过滤电磁阀，隔离微生物降解污物箱与过滤装置；延时t3后，电气控制单元打开消毒电磁阀，过滤水进入消毒装置进行消毒，延时t4后，电气控制单元关闭消毒电磁阀，隔离过滤装置与消毒装置；延时t5后，电气控制单元打开回收电磁阀，同时电气控制单元控制回收水泵启动，消毒后的水经过过滤器被 回收水泵泵入回收水箱中进行收集；
    当需要使用回收水时，电气控制单元控制用水电磁阀和供水水泵联动，将回收水箱的水泵到列车用水点，回收水使用完毕后关闭用水电磁阀和供水水泵。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述轨道车辆污物处理方法，其特征在于：t0取值范围为3-5s，t1的取值范围为2-8h，t2的取值范围为2-10min，t3的取值范围为2-5h，t4的取值范围为2-10min，t5的取值范围为2-5h。
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