WO2020035329A1

WO2020035329A1 - Modular system for a stair tower

Info

Publication number: WO2020035329A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/070825
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christian Neumaier; Hildegard RASTHOFER
Original assignee: Master Ateliers GmbH
Priority date: 2018-08-14
Filing date: 2019-08-01
Publication date: 2020-02-20
Also published as: EP3837407A1; EP3837407B1; DE102018119759A1

Abstract

A modular system consisting of a plurality of stackable, statically self-supporting modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83) each having a base surface (31) and a top surface (32) parallel thereto, having casing sections (33; 35; 52; 61) spanned therebetween and flights of stairs arranged thereon to create a stair tower (1), the modular system having a base module (10) for forming a constructional connection to a foundation (12) of the stair tower (1), a number of stair modules (30; 50; 60; 83) and an end module (20) as the end stair of the stair tower (1), wherein the modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83) are made of steel panels and have interfaces (42; 44) that geometrically correspond to one another for constructional coupling to one another.

Description

Modular system for a stair tower

The invention relates to a modular system for creating a statically independent staircase tower, such as an escape staircase, a staircase, in particular attached to the outside of the building, or a lookout tower.

The 20 002 775 U1 relates to a stackable, statically self-supporting, storey-high elevator staircase module in variable dimensions consisting of an elevator shaft, a staircase and a corridor, which as a frame skeleton construction made of steel, aluminum concrete or plastic in plug-in, screw or Welding technology is carried out. The staircase module offers a high degree of variability, but requires a lot of installation work and can only be used inside the building. DE 10 2012 213 593 A1 describes a modular stair tower with a plurality of stackable modules arranged one above the other and detachable from one another, with at least two modules arranged one above the other, a vertical stick with an upper stick end area and a lower stick end area being arranged in each module corner area , in the upper stem end areas of the vertical stems there is an upper group of horizontally detachably connected bars, in the lower stalk end areas of the vertical stems there is a lower group of releasably connected horizontal bars and a stair unit with an upper end area and a lower end area, the upper end area is detachably connected to a horizontal bar of the upper group of horizontal bars and the lower end region is detachably connected to a horizontal bar of the lower group of horizontal bars. The stair tower can be adapted to different construction situations and easily disassembled into its components. However, it takes a lot of effort to assemble and dismantle and exudes construction site atmosphere due to the construction. The object of the invention is therefore to enable a stair tower that can be assembled and disassembled with relatively little effort, but which, in particular, meets the highest aesthetic demands for permanent use. This object is achieved according to the invention by a modular system consisting of a plurality of stackable and statically self-supporting modules, each of which has a base area and a cover area parallel to it, with jacket sections stretched between them. Stairways are arranged on the jacket sections so that a statically independent stair tower can be created by stacking the modules on top of each other. The modular system includes

a basic module for the construction of a constructive connection to a foundation of the stair tower to be built on site,

a number of staircase modules that can be stacked on top of it and have the same design, and - a termination module as the top end of the stairs and the stair tower.

The modules and, in particular, their jacket sections consist of interconnected steel disks and have geometrically corresponding interfaces for constructive coupling to one another. The modular system according to the invention thus comprises a plurality of modules enclosing the room, each of which contains a flight of stairs and can be stacked on top of one another to form a staircase. A flight of stairs is part of a staircase that is made up of a number of steps, possibly with steps or platforms arranged in between. Not only the basic module, but also each staircase module has sufficient stability so that it can support the modules above it. This means that every stair module can be used at any position within the stair tower. This simplifies the construction of the stair tower, because no special installation position of a stair module has to be taken into account. Each module is composed almost entirely of disc elements. The stability of each module is based on the fact that its jacket sections, steps, possibly platforms, handrails, etc. consist of steel disks, which are preferably connected to one another by welding. The vertical stability of each module results largely from the rigidity of the cladding disks or is based on their suitable dimensioning. The design and design whistle of the invention is also based on the fact that each module receives its horizontal stability and rigidity not from horizontally running pane or frame elements, in particular in the area of the top or base area, but from the stair run. Its construction and attachment to the lateral surfaces represent an essential horizontal and torsional stiffening of the modules itself therefore makes a significant contribution to the overall structure. This means that the stair tower does not need any dedicated frame elements, which are usually more complex to manufacture than that of panes. The invention therefore turns away from building a stair tower from a structurally solid shell and a stair case built into it. Rather, it pursues the principle of giving the staircase itself a supporting role for the overall structure, that is, making it an essential supporting pillar of the stair tower that not only bears itself and traffic loads.

At least every stair module has a base and a cover that run parallel to each other. The term "surface" is only to be understood geometrically, because neither the base surface nor the top surface is closed, but the stairs with air space above them pass through them. The basic module has only one surface, the final module only has one surface. Each base area and each cover area each contain an interface at which the modules can be attached to one another by welding, screwing, riveting or the like. The interfaces are located on the base and top surface boundaries of the jacket sections of a module.

The outer jacket sections are referred to as outer jacket sections because they represent the outer boundary of the modules. Depending on the spatial design of the stair flights, the stair tower can have a stair eye. A stairwell eye is generally referred to as the clear opening or the air space that is formed and enclosed by the stairs and, if necessary, by pedestals or heels. In the stair tower, a continuous room can be created across several modules. The stairwell can be completely or partially surrounded by a shell. The stair tower can therefore take the form of a hollow cylinder, for example. The envelope of the stairwell is therefore referred to as the inner section of the jacket. The above interfaces can therefore lie both on the outer and — additionally or alternatively — on the inner jacket sections.

The stair modules are therefore structurally identical, at least insofar as they have mutually corresponding and matching interfaces to which they couple to let. In order to enable a continuous flight of stairs, the individual flights of stairs must also be coordinated with one another in such a way that they connect directly to one another when the modules are stacked. In contrast, the modules can differ from one another in the outer or inner jacket sections, as will be explained in detail below.

A foundation for the stair tower will have to be built on site on a regular basis, for example as a point or strip foundation on which the basic module is based. Depending on the subsurface, a paved surface can already suffice, on which, for example, a grating made of steel girders is placed, to which the basic module of the stair tower is connected. The grating can be produced together with the modules of the stair tower, attached to the basic module in sections and delivered with it. In this respect, at least part of the foundation can be part of the basic module. The invention thus pursues the principle of providing a module for a stair tower consisting of a number of completely assembled modules which only have to be joined together. In addition, at least the terminating module and each stair module are dimensioned so that they can be transported on the public road network without additional security measures and can be loaded and unloaded and stacked using commonly available hoists. It enables an independent, statically independent building or such a usage unit that is statically self-supporting and can be variably adapted to a wide variety of requirements and circumstances.

Basically, a cuboid spatial shape can be assumed for the individual modules. Beyond a rectangular shape in plan, the spatial shape of the modules can be generally prismatic in accordance with an advantageous embodiment of the invention. A prism is to be understood as a body that arises from a parallel displacement of a flat polygon along a straight line in space that is not in the plane of the polygon. As a result, the polygon forms both the floor plan or the base area and the cover surface parallel to it of each module and can also be, for example, a trapezoid, a parallelogram or a square. In addition, it can also be regularly or irregularly polygonal, for example regularly hexagonal or in the shape of any polygon. Due to its varied layout, the stair tower can be of any geometry in its surroundings, especially that of Adapt buildings, or unusual room situations. As an independent building in particular, it also offers many design options.

The floor plan of each module is not limited to polygonal shapes. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spatial shape of the modules can assume a generally cylindrical shape. A general cylinder is to be understood as a body that arises from a parallel displacement of a flat and closed curve along a straight line in space that is not in the plane of the curve. From a mathematical point of view, the above prism even falls as soon as the flat curve represents a polygon. In any case, the closed curve forms both the floor plan or the base area and the parallel top surface of each module and can, for example, take a circle, an oval, an ellipse or any other free form with both curves and corners. This offers further design options for adapting to spatial conditions and / or for achieving special aesthetics.

The stair tower can have a stair eye. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the staircase eye can have a shell made of one or more inner jacket sections with a likewise generally prismatic or cylindrical spatial shape as defined above. The spatial shape of the stairwell preferably corresponds to the spatial shape of the respective module. A constant stair width can be achieved in this way. Alternatively, the spatial shape of the staircase eye can deviate from that of the module, which can be used, for example, to change the width of the staircase and thereby create a special feeling of space. The generally cylindrical spatial form, which also contains a prismatic one, includes both the normal case of a straight or vertical cylinder and an oblique cylinder. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the modules can thus be formed with jacket sections inclined with respect to a vertical axis of the stair tower. As an alternative or in addition, the jacket sections can also be completely or sectionally curved concavely or convexly. This results in a further design option for the modules of the stair tower, which, for example, gives special effects in terms of light and shadow. According to the above mathematical definition of a cylinder, it results from the displacement of a flat, closed curve along a straight line. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spatial shape of each module can result from the fact that the flat closed curve is not only shifted, but is also rotated about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the plane of the curve. This means that the base area and the top area remain parallel to each other, but do not coincide in a plan view of the module. The axis of rotation required for this does not necessarily have to be in the geometric center of the base area, but can even be outside. Constructive and static reasons can limit the twisting. However, since the top surface of a lower module and the base area of a module placed on it still match, modules with this geometrically indefinite spatial shape can also be stacked to form a particularly demanding stair tower.

Despite the considerable variety of options for the design of the modules, the invention fulfills the general principle of constructing each staircase module in an identical manner. The modular system therefore follows a principle of identical parts that not only simplifies the assembly of the stair tower, but also the manufacture of the modules. Nevertheless, it offers a sophisticated aesthetic thanks to the diverse design options of the modules and their variable assignment by twisting them together.

Another design option for the modules is the execution of the outer and inner jacket sections. This is because, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the jacket sections of at least the stair modules can have openings. They can be used purely for design purposes, but also for ventilation, lighting or access to the stair tower. Following the principle of identical parts, they can be identical in each module or they can be designed individually in each module, i.e. in terms of shape, position and size.

The jacket sections of each module define its circumference, the outer jacket sections thus an outer circumference, the inner jacket sections the inner circumference. The staircases or the individual steps are attached to the jacket sections. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a flight of stairs can only run over a partial section of the circumference of a module. This means that the start and exit of the respective staircase run of a module is not considered in a top view. connect another line, i.e. a running line is interrupted from the bottom of the module's stairs to the top. Two modules of this type cannot therefore be stacked one above the other in the same horizontal orientation in order to achieve a continuous staircase. Rather, the modules can be stacked on top of each other, rotated by 180 °, if the flight of stairs only covers half the circumference of each module. In any case, such a rotation is possible with all those layouts of a module that are designed to be double axisymmetric, the axes of symmetry being perpendicular to one another. In addition to circular or square floor plans, this also includes, for example, elliptical or rectangular floor plans.

Among other things, square floor plans enable stairs to be covered that only cover three quarters of the circumference of the module. For a continuous flight of stairs, the square modules are stacked on top of one another, rotated by 90 °. Together with a different design of the jacket sections of the same module, this results in a varied and thus sophisticated overall impression of the stair tower formed from it.

In the vertical direction, the jacket sections take on the essential load-bearing effect. The interfaces between the modules are therefore formed on them. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a module with a stair-eye can be formed with largely full-surface or closed-surface outer jacket sections and partial-area inner jacket sections around the stair-eye or without inner jacket sections. Partial inner jacket sections can conventionally serve as an inner support for the steps and also as a handrail. So you can extend from the stairs to the height of a handrail and leave the space above. Together with the flight of stairs, you can use them to form a band wound around the stair's eye and work for a loosened spatial effect within the stair tower and in favor of good lighting and ventilation. Alternatively, the inner casing sections can be completely omitted, so that the stair steps protrude inwards as cantilever arms from the outer casing sections without internal support. As a fall protection, a network of steel cables can then surround the stair eye, for example. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, a module can be designed with a staircase eye with largely closed-surface inner jacket sections around the staircase eye and partial outer jacket sections or without outer jacket sections. The outer partial surface sections of the jacket can also form a handrail, which spirally moves around the stair tower from the outside. Without corresponding outer jacket sections, the inner jacket sections represent the load-bearing structure, from which the steps protrude outward in the manner of a cantilever arm, without being supported on the outside on a support. A steel cable net or steel grille can replace the outer jacket sections, which results in a particularly light and transparent impression of the stair tower.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, a module with a square layout can have a central wall panel or a module with a round layout can have a rod or a tube instead of a stairwell. By eliminating the need for space for a stairwell, a particularly compact module can be designed that can enable a stairway tower to be used in confined spaces.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the modules can have gratings instead of solid steel disks. At least for the steps, industrially prefabricated and standard available elements can be used that are inexpensive to obtain. In addition, inner or outer jacket sections, at least sections of entire staircases, handrails and risers can consist of gratings. With regard to their statics and their processing, they can largely be treated like closed steel disks. Their use enables good ventilation and lighting as well as high transparency of the stair tower. Alternatively, plug-in metal or similar non-slip metal surfaces can also be presented, which are preferably industrially prefabricated and adapted or can be adapted. Another alternative can be provided by steel frames or steel brackets, which hold, for example, etched or screen-printed glass panes, wood or wood-like materials or imitations of wood made of GRP. A steel disc can also statically replace at least wood or imitation wood made of GRP alone.

Basically, the basic module and the final module are structurally largely identical to the stair modules. According to a further advantageous embodiment According to the invention, instead of at least a section of a flight of stairs, the termination module can comprise a flat platform and / or be covered. The platform can serve as a viewing platform for a lookout tower or as a building connection for a stair tower. In both cases, a roof can be provided as weather protection.

The basic model also follows the construction of the staircase module. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can additionally comprise connection sections on the underside in the installed state for a structural connection to a foundation. For this purpose, outer and / or inner jacket sections can be extended in order to offer connection options, for example for a solid steel support frame. Alternatively, appropriately dimensioned tabs can protrude on the underside in order to integrate the basic module into a concrete foundation.

The principle of the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of a drawing, by way of example. The drawing shows:

FIG. 1: an overall view of a stair tower according to the invention,

FIG. 2: a first embodiment of a stair module,

FIG. 3: a second embodiment of a stair module,

FIG. 4: a third embodiment of a stair module,

FIG. 5: an embodiment of a basic module,

Figures 6a to 6f: examples of floor plans of modules, and

Figure 7: a section of a stair tower with modules according to Figure 6f. FIG. 1 offers an overall view of a stair tower 1 according to the invention, comprising a basic module 10, a terminating module 20 and a large number of stair modules 30, 50 arranged between them. The staircase modules 30 stacked thereon are all of the same construction and shape, but are rotated relative to one another by 90 ° about their vertical axis, so that the stair tower 1 has a varied outer shell. The termination module 20 allows the stairs arranged inside the stair tower 1 to run out in a concealed platform, where the stair tower 1 is suitable as a lookout tower. FIG. 2 shows a first simplified embodiment of a stair module 30 in a perspective view. The staircase module 30 is basically cuboid with a square base area 31, a square cover area 32 and four identical rectangular peripheral areas, the outer jacket sections 33. A central step eye 34 also has a square floor plan, which also has four identical and rectangular ones Circumferential surfaces are surrounded, namely by the inner jacket sections 35. Both the outer jacket sections 33 and the inner jacket sections 35 extend all over from the base surface 31 to the cover surface 32. The base area 31 and the cover area 32, on the other hand, only serve to describe the geometric spatial shape of the stair module 30, since no components of the stair module 30 correspond to them.

Between three of the four pairs, each consisting of parallel outer jacket sections 33 and inner jacket sections 35, there is a straight flight of stairs consisting of three steps 36 and a square platform 37. Together, the three flights of stairs result in a three-flight U-staircase with three quarter platforms with one Approach 40 at the lowest step 36 and an exit 41 on the top of the three platforms 37. Each step 36 consists of a horizontal step 38 and a vertical riser 39. Instead of a riser 39, a transverse steel rod or the like can be used for safety reasons. reduce the clear distance between the steps 38, for example 12 cm, so that no child's head fits between two steps

On an upper edge 42 of the outer jacket sections 33, which also delimits the top surface 32, two rectangular tabs 43 are attached on the inside of the outer jacket sections 33 such that they protrude approximately half over the upper rim 42. The upper edge 42 and a lower edge 44 opposite it on the lateral surfaces 33, 35 represent interfaces of the stair module 30.

The stair module 30 is made entirely of steel. Each of the elements described above, in particular the outer jacket sections 33, the inner jacket sections 35 and the steps 36 and platforms 37, consist of square or rectangular steel disks or plates which are welded together to form the stair module 30. The steel plates have largely the same thickness and simple outlines. Only six different disc-shaped components, namely four identical outer 33 and inner jacket Sections 35, three platforms 37, nine steps 38 and risers 39 and eight brackets 43 together form the stair module 30. With only six different and simple components, it fulfills a principle of common parts that the manufacture of the stair module 30 and a large number of identical stair modules 30 is very simple and made possible at low cost.

The dimensions of the stair module 30 can be suitably selected so that it enables problem-free road transport and loading and assembly with light truck cranes. A plurality of stair modules 30 are stacked on top of one another with their base surfaces 31 or top surfaces 32 and welded to one another at their interfaces, the upper edges 42 of the respective lower stair module 30 and the lower edges 44 of the respective upper stair module 30. The tabs 43 allow the staircase modules 30 to be fitted precisely, so that the outer almond sections 33 and the inner casing sections 35 are flush with one another.

Because each stair run within a stair module 30 moves only three-quarters of its circumference, the stair modules 30 are stacked rotated relative to one another by 90 ° about their vertical axis. The exit 41 or the upper platform 37 of a lower stair module 30 then adjoins the entrance 40 of an upper stair module 30, so that the stair runs of the individual stair modules 30 result in a continuous stair run within the stair modules 30 stacked one above the other. Thus, the identical and simply constructed and relatively easy to transport staircase modules 30 offer a simple possibility of quickly and inexpensively creating a stable staircase of considerable height.

The simplified staircase module 30 presented in FIG. 2 offers a large number of constructive and design options for adapting the stair tower 1 to different space conditions on the one hand and aesthetic requirements on the other hand. FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a staircase module 50, which reacts to static and design requirements with only minor design changes.

Deviating from those according to FIG. 2, the stair module 50 comprises two rectangular and vertically oriented openings 51 over the entire height of the stair module 50, which area-wise stresses the outer shell sections 52. They are each at theirs Edges arranged so that the outer jacket sections 52 are just as high, but narrower than the other two outer jacket sections 33. The openings 51 consequently do not require any surrounding, more complex to manufacture frame elements, but result in a structurally very simple manner in that the outer In contrast to the other outer jacket sections 33, jacket sections 52 do not cover the entire jacket surface of the module 50, but leave sections of the jacket surface free.

Vertical ribs 53 are also attached to the inner surfaces of the outer casing sections 33, 52 in order to prevent the outer casing sections 33, 52 from buckling under the load of stair modules 30, 50 lying above them. They are only required if the height of the stair tower 1 exceeds a certain height and thus the total load on the lower modules 10, 30, 50 exceeds a limit value with regard to the buckling behavior of the overall shape. Note the buckling behavior of the jacket sections 33, 52 in the individual module 10, 30, 50 and in the overall shape of the stair tower 1. At the upper edge 42 of the stair module 50, the frames 53 are extended on both sides by tabs 54 projecting beyond the edge 42 in order to enable a constructive connection to the spans 53 of an overlying stair module 50.

In contrast to FIG. 2, the stair eye 34 of the stair module 50 is surrounded by three inner shell sections 55. They also have a parallelogram shape. As a result, they form a handrail at their upper edge 56. In addition, the stair nose 34 is no longer completely enclosed as a result, which results in a more generous spatial impression within the stair module 50. The steps 36 consist exclusively of steps 38, so do without a vertical riser.

The breakthroughs 51, the absence of risers and the design of the inner surface 55 provide advantageous lighting and ventilation for the stair module 50. The generous breakthroughs 51, which can be provided with fall protection devices for reasons of traffic safety, can light in the interior of the stair module 50 fall, so that the lack of risers breaks through stairways and the only partially enveloped stair eye 34 offers the user a much more transparent spatial experience. The stair tower 1 according to FIG. 1 essentially consists of stair modules 50. The specific arrangement of the openings 51 on the outer jacket sections 33, 52 together with an assembly of the stair modules 50 represented by 90 ° one above the other gives the stair tower 1 a varied external shape. At first glance, it does not suggest that the stair tower 1 between the basic module 10 and the end module 20 is composed exclusively of identical stair modules 50.

The stair modules 30 according to FIG. 2 and the stair modules 50 according to FIG. 3 carry the load of the stair modules lying above them essentially over the outer jacket sections 33, 52. In the third embodiment for a staircase module 60 according to FIG. 4, the envelope of the stair eye 34, the inner casing sections 35, carries the load. Like those in FIG. 2, they are constructed within a three-flight U-staircase with three fourth platforms on a square floor plan. Deviating from this, but just like in FIG. 3, the stair flights according to FIG. 4 do without vertical risers. In contrast to the previous stair modules 30, 50, the outer jacket sections 61 of the stair module 60 are not rectangular and do not occupy a complete side surface of the stair module 60, but rather trace the course of the stair flights. They form, so to speak, cheeks for fastening the steps 36 and the platforms 37 and for forming a handrail at their upper edge 62. The stair tower formed therefrom and not shown is given a disintegrated shell which directs a lot of light and air into the interior of the stair tower and offers a user orientation and views in all directions at all times.

FIG. 5 shows the basic module 10 according to FIG. 1 belonging to one of the stair modules 30, 50, 60. In terms of design, it largely follows the principle of the stair module 50, in that it has two large outer jacket sections 33 and two openings 51 in its smaller outer jacket sections 52 has. Deviating from this, it has no inner jacket sections which surround the stair eye 34. The steps 36 and the platforms 37 are cantilevered on the outer jacket sections 33, 52 - a principle according to which stair modules can also be formed. For safety reasons, a fall protection system, for example from a steel mesh, will be required instead of the inner jacket sections, but this does not diminish the spacious impression of a free stairwell. In addition, the basic module 10 has an entrance opening 71 in the outer casing section 33 facing away from FIG. 5. It allows easy access to the start of the stairway of the basic module 10 and thus the access to the stair tower 1. The outer casing sections 33, 52 point at their lower edge 4 differently configured connection sections 72. They serve to attach the basic module 10 to the foundation grating 12. This is composed of side members 14 and cross members 16, which define a large contact area of the stair tower 1. For easy access, the foundation grate 12 is covered with gravel and / or covered with wooden floorboards. The connection sections 72 are equipped in such a way that the outer jacket sections 33, 52 are welded to the side members 14 and / or the cross members 16.

Figures 1 to 5 explain the principle of the invention using a stair tower 1 with a square plan and a three-flight U-staircase with three quarter platforms at least each stair module 30, 50, 60. Figure 6a shows a floor plan of the stair modules 30, 50, 60. One Running line 80 runs from the entrance 40 over the first flight of stairs, changes its direction by 90 ° clockwise on the first quarter platform 37 in order to reach the second quarter platform 37 via the second flight of stairs. There it changes its direction again 90 ° clockwise in order to reach the third and uppermost quarter platform 37 after the third flight of stairs, where it changes its direction again by 90 °. Accordingly, the arrangement of the stair flights and platforms 37 requires the stair modules 30, 50, 60 to be rotated counterclockwise when the stair tower 1 is installed, so that the entrance 40 of an upper stair module 30, 50, 60 from the exit 41 of the stair module 30 below it 50, 60 can be reached via the third platform 37, that is, there is a continuous staircase course within the stair tower 1. The requirement for a twist in the plan according to FIG. 6 a can be seen at the interrupted running line 80, the beginning and end of which do not coincide in the plan.

It is easy to imagine that the above principle can also be implemented with other, often symmetrical, floor plans for modules. As an example, FIG. 6d shows a hexagonal floor plan for a stair module that has to be rotated by 60 ° relative to the lower module when stacked on top of one another. If a module according to FIG. 6d had only four instead of five flights of stairs, the upper module would have to be rotated 120 ° with respect to the lower one. With only three flights of stairs, a rotation of 180 ° would be required. In this respect, it would be the same as the modules according to FIGS. 6b and 6e, the floor plans of which are only twice axisymmetric. The module according to FIG. 6b has an angular staircase as a two-flight staircase with two quarter platforms 37. With the same step dimensions, it overcomes a lower height than the stair module according to FIG. 6a. It can therefore be dimensioned lower, which can be favorable for design or transport reasons. The module according to FIG. 6e illustrates a further design option, according to which the floor plan does not have to have right angles.

Figure 6c shows the floor plan of a further rectangular module with a U-staircase with two half-platforms. When stacked to form a stair tower, the module according to FIG. 6c does not have to be rotated relative to a lower module. In contrast to all of the floor plans shown previously, the floor plan according to FIG. 6c has a continuous running line 80. According to this principle, at least all stair modules can be designed, if the modules should or should not be rotated when stacked. In a further difference compared to all the floor plans shown so far, the one according to FIG. 6c does not have a stairway eye, but rather a solid middle cheek to which at least the stair treads 36 are attached on both sides. This design principle can also be implemented for other than rectangular floor plans, for example to achieve a particularly compact structure.

The principle of the invention and its exemplary embodiments shown so far can largely be applied to further floor plans, not shown, for example to parallelogram-shaped or triangular floor plans. This allows the stair towers to be flexibly adapted to special spatial or design requirements.

It goes without saying that the design variants shown so far can also be applied to round or rounded floor plans. Most of the design options for this are offered by a circular floor plan, which allows stair flights that are continuous or structured with pedestals in any circle division and any necessary twisting of the cylindrical modules. Elliptical floor plans are also not excluded. In addition, the stairway eye can be designed as a hollow or as a solid spindle. The staircase eye does not have to be circular in plan, but rather for example polygonal with possible consequences for a defined rotation of stacked modules. Without the need for twisting, almost any closed free shapes with curves and corners can be selected as floor plans for modules.

FIG. 6f shows, as an example of a round shape, an oval floor plan of a module, the stairway eye 34 of which is formed by a single jacket section 35. The deviating outline shape of the outer jacket section 33 compared to the inner jacket section 35 leads to a varying step width in the course of a flight of stairs. The inner cylindrical jacket section 35 can take on the essential load of the stair tower and also does not need to be in the center or center of gravity of the floor plan. Since the inner jacket section 35 is circular, the correspondingly designed modules can be stacked on top of one another with a slight twist around the center of the stair eye 34. The inner cylindrical jacket section 35 can provide the necessary interfaces between the modules for coupling them, although it is not excluded that outer jacket sections 33 of modules lying one above the other are also coupled to one another at their contact points. Overall, the lateral surface of the stair tower is given a step-like profile, which divides it more horizontally, possibly through the resulting shadows.

A section view of the stair tower according to FIG. 7 illustrates this effect. Three staircase modules 83 with a floor plan according to FIG. 6f are stacked on top of one another with slight rotation relative to one another about the vertical axis of the inner casing section 35. The inner mat section 35 of each stair module 83 is aligned with that of the stair module 83 above and below it. However, due to the rotation, the outer mat sections 33 do not align with one another, as a result of which paragraphs 84 result between them. Under the influence of light, they can lead to shadows on the stair module 83 below, which additionally structure the outside view of the stair tower horizontally. In addition to the floor plans, the layout of each module offers another design option. The jacket sections do not have to have exactly vertical jacket lines, but can be convex and / or concave or have a different shape in the vertical direction. At least the outer jacket sections of the stair modules of the same stair tower do not even have to be of identical design, as long as the top surface of a lower module coincides with the base surface of an upper module. If, in addition, the inner or the inner jacket sections 35 assume the essential load-bearing effect, the base and top surfaces do not even have to correspond completely.

Since the preceding modules, which are described in detail, are exemplary embodiments, they can be modified to a large extent in the customary manner by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the concrete configurations of the staircases can also take a different form than that described here, for example in a quarter, half or continuous spiral shape, with warped steps or spiral entry and / or exit. Likewise, the floor plan of the modules can be designed in a different form if this is necessary for reasons of space or design. Furthermore, the use of the indefinite articles "a" or "an" does not preclude the fact that the relevant features can also be present more or more times.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 stair tower 43 tab

10 Basic module 44 Lower margin

12 Foundation grid 50 stair module

14 side members 25 51 breakthrough

16 cross member 52 outer jacket section

20 termination module 53 frames

30 stair module 54 tab

31 base area 55 inner jacket section

32 Top surface 30 56 Upper edge

33 Outer jacket section 60 stair module

34 staircase eye 61 outer section of the jacket

35 Inner jacket section 62 Upper edge

36 Level 71 entrance opening

37 Platform 35 72 connecting section

38 step 80 running line

39 riser 81 middle cheek

40 Start 83 stair module

41 Exit 84 paragraph

42 Top margin

Claims

1. Modular system consisting of a plurality of stackable, statically self-supporting modules

(10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83), each with a base area (31) and a cover surface (32) parallel to it, with cladding sections (33; 35; 52; 55; 61) stretched between them and stairways arranged to create them a stair tower (1),

- With a basic module (10) for forming a constructive connection to a foundation (12) of the stair tower (1),

- With a number of stair modules (30; 50; 60; 83) and

- With a termination module (20) as the top end of the stairs and the stair tower (1),

the modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83) and in particular their jacket sections (33; 35; 52; 55; 61) being made of steel disks and using geometrically corresponding interfaces (42; 44) for constructive purposes Have coupling to each other.

2. Modular system according to claim 1, characterized by a generally prismatic spatial shape of the modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60).

3. Modular system according to claim 1, characterized by a generally cylindrical spatial shape of the modules (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83).

4. Modular system according to one of the above claims, characterized by a staircase eye (34) with a shell with a generally prismatic or cylindrical spatial shape.

5. Modular system according to one of the above claims, with respect to a vertical axis of the stair tower (1) inclined and / or curved shell sections of the modules.

6. Modular system according to one of the above claims, characterized by a rotation of the base surface and the top surface against each other about a vertical axis.

7. Modular system according to one of the above claims with circumferential outer jacket sections (33) of the modules (10; 50), characterized by openings (51; 71) in the jacket surfaces (33; 52) of at least the stair modules (50).

8. Modular system according to one of the above claims, characterized by a stair run that extends over a partial section of the circumference of the module (10; 20; 30; 50; 60; 83).

9. Modular system according to one of the above claims with a module (10; 50) with a stair-eye (34), characterized by a closed-surface outer jacket section (33) and partial-area inner jacket sections (55) around the stair-eye (34) or freely of inner jacket sections.

10. Modular system according to one of the above claims 1 to 7 with a module (60) with a stairway eye (34), characterized by a closed-surface inner jacket section (35) around the stairway eye (34) and partial-area outer jacket sections (62) or free of outer jacket sections.

1 1. Modular system according to one of the above claims 1 to 7, characterized by at least one central wall panel (81) or a central tube instead of a stairwell.

12. Modular system according to one of the above claims, characterized by gratings as steel disks.

13. Modular system according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the termination module (20) instead of at least a portion of a flight of stairs comprises a flat platform and / or is covered.

14. Modular system according to one of the above claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the basic module (10) is essentially designed like a stair module and additionally comprises connection sections (72) for a structural connection to the foundation (12).