WO2020034611A1 - 一种油泥裂解装置 - Google Patents

一种油泥裂解装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020034611A1
WO2020034611A1 PCT/CN2019/075309 CN2019075309W WO2020034611A1 WO 2020034611 A1 WO2020034611 A1 WO 2020034611A1 CN 2019075309 W CN2019075309 W CN 2019075309W WO 2020034611 A1 WO2020034611 A1 WO 2020034611A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
sludge
conveyor belt
spiral conveyor
inner cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/075309
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛晓璐
韩国乾
张海敏
李宗才
牛杰
童兰英
时圣玉
鲁锋
牛斌
Original Assignee
济南恒誉环保科技股份有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 济南恒誉环保科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 济南恒誉环保科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP19850710.5A priority Critical patent/EP3838850B1/en
Priority to US17/265,389 priority patent/US11420892B2/en
Priority to DK19850710.5T priority patent/DK3838850T3/da
Publication of WO2020034611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020034611A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
    • C10B47/44—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
    • C10B49/20—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B51/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by combined direct and indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
    • C10B55/02—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
    • C10B55/02—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials
    • C10B55/04—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials
    • C10B55/08—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material with solid materials with moving solid materials in dispersed form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
    • C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
    • C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a sludge cracking device.
  • Oil sludge is an abbreviation of oily sludge. It is an oily solid waste generated during the process of oil extraction, transportation, refining and oily sewage treatment. Generally, the oil content of oily sludge is 10-50% or higher, and the water content is above 30%. In China's petrochemical industry, an average of more than 800,000 tons of oily sludge is produced each year. The treatment of this part of the sludge is a long-term problem in China's petrochemical industry.
  • the present invention proposes an oil sludge cracking device.
  • the heat exchange area during the oil sludge cracking process can be enlarged, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved, the speed of the oil sludge cracking can be increased, and the oil sludge can be fully cracked.
  • a sludge cracking device comprising an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, a spiral conveyor belt is arranged on the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a heat transfer pipe is arranged on the spiral conveyor belt.
  • the sludge to be cracked enters the inner cylinder of the cracking device, and is run to the discharge port under the action of the spiral conveyor belt to be cracked at the same time.
  • the inner wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a spiral conveyor belt.
  • the spiral conveyor belt is provided with a heat transfer tube. During the operation of the spiral belt to push the material, when the material and the heat transfer tube contact, the heat transfer tube can provide contact heat for the material to crack; When the heat pipe is not in contact, the heat pipe can provide radiant heat for the material to crack.
  • each spiral pitch of the spiral conveyor belt is uniformly provided with a plurality of heat transfer tubes, preferably three spiral heat transfer tubes are uniformly arranged on each pitch.
  • the heat transfer tubes are arranged along the spiral conveyor belt to provide material for the material to be cracked. More heat increases the heated area of the material to be cracked. In addition, due to the full use of heat, the heating area of the material is increased, the heat utilization rate is greatly improved, and the cracking temperature of sludge is reduced to a certain extent. The cracking temperature is reduced, avoiding the occurrence of coking, and improving the service life of the equipment.
  • a solid heat carrier is dispersed in the inner cylinder of the present invention.
  • the solid heat carrier is a metal sphere or a non-metal sphere. After being mixed with the solid heat carrier, the sludge to be cracked can be evenly wrapped on the surface of the solid heat carrier, so that the sludge is relatively dispersed, and the heated area of the sludge is increased, making it easier to crack.
  • a solid heat carrier is provided in the inner cylinder, during the cracking process, there is a relative movement between the solid heat carrier and the inner cylinder, which plays a certain role in defocusing, avoids the occurrence of coking phenomenon, and improves the use of the equipment. life.
  • the diameter of the sphere is 5-50mm.
  • the heat-conducting pipe is a hollow pipe, and its heat source is derived from hot air in a hot air cavity between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder.
  • the heat pipe is in communication with the hot air cavity. With the movement of the spiral conveyor belt, the heat pipe is also moving. When the heat pipe is rotated to a suitable angle, the hot air enters the heat pipe. When the heat pipe is rotated to other angles, the hot air comes out of the heat pipe to achieve continuous heat exchange.
  • the oil sludge is cracked into high-temperature oil and gas, water vapor and solid products.
  • liquid products and a small amount of combustible gas are obtained.
  • the liquid product is transferred to the tank area by an oil transfer pump.
  • Combustible gas is used as fuel for pyrolysis and heating.
  • the flue gas produced by the production line is discharged after being purified by the flue gas purification system.
  • the solid product obtained from the pyrolysis is cooled to a safe temperature and then transported to the solid product silo for temporary storage.
  • the heat exchange area in the sludge cracking process is enlarged, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, the utilization rate of heat is greatly improved, and the sludge sludge is improved at a lower temperature.
  • the cracking speed fully recovered the oil in the sludge, and made the residual oil in the treated soil meet the national standards and regulations.
  • the sludge reduction, harmless, and resource-based treatment and application were achieved without secondary pollution. , Economy, environmental protection, safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of Figure 1;
  • a sludge cracking device includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder.
  • a spiral conveyor belt is provided on an inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a heat transfer pipe is provided on the spiral conveyor belt.
  • the heat pipe is a hollow pipe.
  • a solid heat carrier is dispersed in the inner cylinder.
  • a sludge cracking device includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder.
  • a spiral conveyor belt is provided on an inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a heat transfer pipe is provided on the spiral conveyor belt.
  • Each spiral pitch of the spiral conveyor belt is uniformly provided with a heat conducting tube.
  • a heat pipe is arranged on each pitch.
  • the heat pipe is a hollow pipe.
  • a solid heat carrier is dispersed in the inner cylinder.
  • the solid heat carrier is a non-metallic sphere.
  • the diameter of the non-metallic sphere is 5-25mm.
  • a sludge cracking device includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder.
  • a spiral conveyor belt is provided on an inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a heat transfer pipe is provided on the spiral conveyor belt.
  • Each spiral pitch of the spiral conveyor belt is uniformly provided with a heat conducting tube.
  • Two heat conducting tubes are arranged on each pitch.
  • the heat pipe is a hollow pipe.
  • a solid heat carrier is dispersed in the inner cylinder.
  • the solid heat carrier is a metal sphere.
  • the diameter of the metal sphere is 5-50 mm.
  • a sludge cracking device includes an outer cylinder 1 and an inner cylinder 2.
  • the inner wall of the inner cylinder 2 is provided with a spiral conveyor belt 3, and the spiral conveyor belt 3 is provided with a heat transfer pipe 4.
  • Each spiral pitch of the spiral conveyor belt 3 is uniformly provided with a heat conducting tube 4.
  • Three heat-conducting pipes 4 are evenly arranged on each pitch, and the heat-conducting pipes 4 are arranged along a spiral conveyor belt to rotate.
  • the heat pipe 4 is a hollow pipe.
  • a solid heat carrier is dispersed in the inner cylinder 2.
  • the solid heat carrier is a metal sphere.
  • the diameter of the metal sphere is 5-50 mm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种油泥裂解装置，包括外筒体（1）和内筒体（2），内筒体（2）内壁设有螺旋输送带（3），螺旋输送带（3）上设置有导热管（4）。该装置扩大了油泥裂解过程中的换热面积，提高了换热效率和热量的利用率，在较低的温度下提高了油泥的裂解速度。

Description

一种油泥裂解装置
本发明属于环保技术领域，具体涉及一种油泥裂解装置。
油泥是含油污泥的简称，是在石油开采、运输、炼制及含油污水处理过程中产生的含油固体废物，油泥中一般含油率在10-50%甚至更高，而含水率在30%以上，我国石油化学行业中，平均每年产生80万吨以上的含油污泥，这部分污泥的处理是我国石化领域长期的难题。目前国内外污油泥的处理技术包括填埋、调剖注入地层、固化处理、热脱附、溶剂萃取、焚烧焦化热解、生物处理、综合利用等十余种。但以上众多方法在实际大规模工业应用中存在处理过程成本高，工艺设备复杂，效率低，二次污染等问题，限制其进一步使用。将油泥通过高温裂解的方式进行处理是一个很好的选择，但是由于油泥具有含油量高、粘度大、颗粒细、脱水难等特点，现有技术中缺乏相应的有效的油泥裂解设备。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提出了一种油泥裂解装置，采用本发明可以扩大油泥裂解过程中的换热面积，提高换热效率，进而提高油泥的裂解速度，实现油泥的充分裂解。
本发明的具体技术方案是：一种油泥裂解装置，包括外筒体和内筒体，内筒体内壁设有螺旋输送带，螺旋输送带上设置有导热管。
具体工作时，待裂解的油泥进入裂解装置的内筒体，在螺旋输送带的作用下向出料口运行同时进行裂解。内筒体内壁设有螺旋输送带，螺旋输送带上设置有导热管，在螺旋带推动物料的运行过程中，当物料和导热管接触时，导热管可以提供接触热供物料裂解；当物料和导热管不接触时，导热管可以提供辐射热供物料裂解。
进一步的，所述螺旋输送带的每一个螺距上均均匀设置有若干导热管，优选每一个螺距上均匀设置有三根导热管，导热管沿螺旋输送带旋向排布，可以为待裂解物料提供更多的热量，增加待裂解物料的受热面积。另外，由于对热量进行了充分利用，增加了物料的受热面积，热量的使用率大大提高，进而在一定程度上降低了油泥的裂解温度。裂解温度降低，避免了结焦现象的发生，提高了设备的使用寿命。
由于待裂解的油泥含水量高，呈粘稠状，本发明所述的内筒体内分散设有固态热载体。所述的固态热载体为金属球体或非金属球体。待裂解的油泥与固态热载体混合后可以均匀包裹在固态热载体表面，使油泥相对分散，并且增加了油泥的受热面积，使其更加容易裂解。另外，由于内筒体内设有固态热载体，在裂解过程中，固态热载体与内筒体之间存在相对运动，起到一定的清焦作用，避免了结焦现象的发生，提高了设备的使用寿命。所述的球体直径为5-50mm。
所述的导热管为中空管，其热源来源于外筒体和内筒体之间热风腔中的热风。导热管与热风腔连通。随着螺旋输送带的运动，导热管也在运动，当导热管旋转至合适角度时，热风进入导热管，当导热管旋转至其他角度时，热风从导热管出来，进而实现不断地换热。
经过上述裂解后，油泥裂解为高温油气、水蒸气与固体产物。高温油气、水蒸气经冷却后，得到液态产物及少量可燃气。液态产物由输油泵输送至罐区。可燃气净化后作为燃料用于热解供热。生产线产生的烟气，经烟气净化系统净化后达标排放。热解所得的固体产物冷却至安全温度后输送至固体产物料仓暂存。
综上所述，采用本发明所述的油泥裂解装置，扩大了油泥裂解过程中的换热面积，提高了换热效率，使得热量的利用率大大提高，在较低的温度下提高了油泥的裂解速度，充分回收了油泥中的石油，并使处理后泥土中的残油量达到国家标准规，实现了油泥的减量化、无害化、资源化的处理与应用，不产生二次污染，经济、环保、安全。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为图1的左视图；
图中：1、外筒体，2、内筒体，3、螺旋输送带，4、导热管，5、热风腔。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种油泥裂解装置，包括外筒体和内筒体，内筒体内壁设有螺旋输送带，螺旋输送带上设置有导热管。
所述的导热管为中空管。
所述的内筒体内分散设有固态热载体。
实施例2
一种油泥裂解装置，包括外筒体和内筒体，内筒体内壁设有螺旋输送带，螺旋输送带上设置有导热管。
所述螺旋输送带的每一个螺距上均均匀设置有导热管。每一个螺距上设置有一根导热管。
所述的导热管为中空管。
所述的内筒体内分散设有固态热载体。
所述的固态热载体为非金属球体。
所述的非金属球体直径为5-25mm。
实施例3
一种油泥裂解装置，包括外筒体和内筒体，内筒体内壁设有螺旋输送带，螺旋输送带上设置有导热管。
所述螺旋输送带的每一个螺距上均均匀设置有导热管。每一个螺距上设置有两根导热管。
所述的导热管为中空管。
所述的内筒体内分散设有固态热载体。
所述的固态热载体为金属球体。
所述的金属球体直径为5-50mm。
实施例4
一种油泥裂解装置，包括外筒体1和内筒体2，内筒体2内壁设有螺旋输送带3，螺旋输送带3上设置有导热管4。
所述螺旋输送带3的每一个螺距上均均匀设置有导热管4。
每一个螺距上均匀设置有三根导热管4，导热管4沿螺旋输送带旋向排布。
所述的导热管4为中空管。
所述的内筒体2内分散设有固态热载体。
所述的固态热载体为金属球体。
所述的金属球体直径为5-50mm。

Claims (7)

1、一种油泥裂解装置，包括外筒体（1）和内筒体（2），内筒体（2）内壁设有螺旋输送带（3），其特征在于：螺旋输送带（3）上设置有导热管（4）。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种油泥裂解装置，其特征在于：所述螺旋输送带（3）的每一个螺距上均均匀设置有导热管（4）。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种油泥裂解装置，其特征在于：每一个螺距上均匀设置有三根或多根导热管（4），导热管（4）沿螺旋输送带旋向排布。
4、根据权利要求1所述的一种油泥裂解装置，其特征在于：所述的导热管（4）为中空管。
5、根据权利要求1所述的一种油泥裂解装置，其特征在于：所述的内筒体（2）内分散设有固态热载体。
6、根据权利要求1所述的一种油泥裂解装置，其特征在于：所述的固态热载体为金属球体或非金属球体。
7、根据权利要求1所述的一种油泥裂解装置，其特征在于：所述的球体直径为5-50mm。
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