WO2020029959A1 - 多重引擎阵列系统及扬声器 - Google Patents
多重引擎阵列系统及扬声器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020029959A1 WO2020029959A1 PCT/CN2019/099452 CN2019099452W WO2020029959A1 WO 2020029959 A1 WO2020029959 A1 WO 2020029959A1 CN 2019099452 W CN2019099452 W CN 2019099452W WO 2020029959 A1 WO2020029959 A1 WO 2020029959A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/02—Details
- H04R9/022—Cooling arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/02—Details
- H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
- H04R9/063—Loudspeakers using a plurality of acoustic drivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2207/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers or their suspension covered by H04R7/00 but not provided for in H04R7/00 or in H04R2307/00
- H04R2207/021—Diaphragm extensions, not necessarily integrally formed, e.g. skirts, rims, flanges
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
- H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
- H04R7/14—Non-planar diaphragms or cones corrugated, pleated or ribbed
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of electric speakers, in particular to a multiple engine array system and a speaker.
- Traditional speaker engines are mostly driven by a single engine, and the shape of the engine is mostly circular.
- This traditional engine generally uses an external magnetic type, consisting of upper and lower magnetically conductive plates (T iron and Washer), magnets (mainly iron) Oxygen), voice coil (wire winding) and skeleton (manufactured by DuPont glass fiber cloth, aluminum alloy roll or cardboard).
- T iron and Washer magnetically conductive plates
- magnets mainly iron
- voice coil wire winding
- skeleton manufactured by DuPont glass fiber cloth, aluminum alloy roll or cardboard.
- traditional single-engine speakers need to change the dimensions of the diaphragm and voice coil, especially the size and weight of the magnets in the engine, as well as the cost and molds, which make it difficult to achieve large-diameter speakers. Production.
- voice coils There is only one voice coil in the speaker of a single engine, and its resistance R E is immutable except for the production and processing in the voice coil factory. If the resistance R E is relatively large, a more powerful amplifier is required to drive it, and the power consumption is large.
- the source of heat generation in the speaker is mainly the voice coil. Although compressed air can also generate heat when the suspension system is in motion, this heat is negligible compared with the heat generated by the voice coil vibration.
- Voice coils are a class of resistive elements with impedance and inductive reactance. After the current is switched on, in addition to mechanical motion induced by the magnetic circuit, some of the energy is converted into thermal energy due to resistance factors.
- this thermal energy of the voice coil is actually a conversion and loss of kinetic energy for kinetic energy.
- the instantaneous temperature of the voice coil does not exceed 300 degrees Celsius, but under continuous high power conditions, the peak temperature can even exceed 300 degrees Celsius; in addition, the temperature in the magnetic circuit is generally lower than the voice coil itself. Over 100 degrees Celsius, but in extreme cases or the heat dissipation is unreasonable, and can even approach or exceed 200 degrees Celsius. If the magnetic circuit is in a state of 200 degrees Celsius or higher for a long time, such as more than 30 minutes, the magnet with a lower coercivity will demagnetize, which will cause permanent loss of magnetic force.
- sufficient heat dissipation is not only a necessary means to solve the demagnetization of the magnet, the short circuit or destruction of the voice coil; it also enables the engine to convert as little as possible the thermal energy and more kinetic energy during the electric-force-acoustic conversion process, thereby reducing the thermal energy conversion. And the resulting loss.
- the voice coil in a traditional speaker engine is similar to the engine's cylinder and piston when it moves in the magnetic circuit, which belongs to linear motion. But this kind of motion of the voice coil in the magnetic circuit is not completely linear, and it is also non-linear. It is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is that because the height of the magnetic gap cannot completely accommodate the height of the voice coil, the phenomenon that the voice coil exceeds the magnetic gap will occur, that is, the maximum linear displacement X Max of the voice coil in the magnetic gap. When this happens, the linear motion is not as accurate as the piston in the cylinder. Approaching or exceeding this range will cause non-linear motion and then non-linear distortion and harmonic distortion.
- the second is the voice coil, voice coil skeleton, and the The centering support and the diaphragm connected to the top of the voice coil skeleton are in a semi-suspended state. At the same time, the centering support and the diaphragm are elastic, which will cause a non-linear shift in the voice coil during movement.
- traditional single-engine speakers can cause various types of distortion problems, such as harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion caused by nonlinear vibration of the voice coil crossing the magnetic gap, output power and efficiency ⁇ o loss caused by the back electromotive force of the voice coil, and the engine.
- the object of the present invention is to solve at least one of the above-mentioned defects and deficiencies, and the object is achieved by the following technical solutions.
- the invention provides a multiple engine array system, which includes at least two engine components, and at least two of the engine component arrays are installed at the bottom of a speaker stand, and each of the engine components includes a voice configured with a voice coil skeleton.
- Coil and a magnetic circuit system for providing a magnetic field for the voice coil the magnetic circuit system includes a magnetic bowl, a magnet, and a magnetically permeable plate, the magnetic bowl is installed at the bottom of the basin frame, the magnet and the A magnetically conductive plate is located in the magnetic bowl, a magnetic gap is formed between the magnetic bowl, the magnet, and the magnetically conductive plate, the voice coil is suspended in the magnetic gap, and the voice coil and the The shape of the cross section of the magnetic circuit system is all rectangular.
- one end of the magnet is attached to the bottom of the magnetic bowl, the other end of the magnet is attached to the magnetically conductive plate, and the magnetic gap is an annular magnetic gap.
- first ventilation holes are provided at the bottom of the magnetic bowl, and the positions of the first ventilation holes correspond to the second ventilation holes provided at the bottom of the basin frame, and the magnetic gap is related to the An internal air duct of the magnetic bowl is formed between the first ventilation holes.
- round sides of the cross section of the magnetic circuit system are rounded.
- the magnetic circuit system is an internal magnetic structure, and the magnet is a neodymium iron boron strong magnet.
- the different voice coils of a plurality of the engine components are connected to each other through a circuit, and the circuit connection manners of the plurality of voice coils include a series circuit, a parallel circuit, and a comprehensive circuit combining a series and a parallel.
- a plurality of the voice coils are respectively connected to a circuit board provided at the bottom of the diaphragm through a voice coil lead, and the circuit board connects the plurality of voice coils with different circuits through the voice coil leads. Ways to connect with each other.
- the voice coil is wound on an outer periphery of the voice coil skeleton, and the voice coil includes a printed flexible circuit board or a single-sided insulated metal foil tape.
- the voice coil skeleton is a high temperature resistant material
- the high temperature resistant material includes a high temperature resistant injection molding material or a lightweight ceramic material
- the voice coil skeleton is an integrated structure.
- the present invention also provides a speaker including the above-mentioned multiple engine array system.
- the multi-engine array system of the present invention can be applied to loudspeakers of large size, without relying on a high-power amplifier, which can effectively reduce power consumption and improve speaker efficiency.
- the multi-engine array system of the present invention controls Q ES , Q MS , and Q TS reasonably by controlling the impedance R E and the inductive reactance L VC , which can not only increase the efficiency ⁇ o but also reduce the resonance frequency f s .
- the multi-engine array system of the present invention improves the heat dissipation effect by changing the structure of the voice coil and the voice coil skeleton, and at the same time dissipates heat through the drainage and ventilation of the magnetic circuit, and realizes sufficient heat dissipation through the heat dissipation design of the speaker basin frame.
- the multiple engine array system of the present invention makes the movement of the speaker more linear, thereby reducing non-linear distortion, and makes the movement more balanced and stable, the response speed is faster, and the control ability is stronger; through the synergy of multiple engine components And mutual restriction, can reduce all kinds of distortion and improve the acoustic performance of the speaker.
- the present invention is capable of high-resolution analysis of audio signals, deep restoration of dynamic details of sound, and complete sound diffusion through the spatial array distribution of multiple engine components.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a multiple engine array system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a working schematic diagram of a multiple engine array system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an assembly structure of a multiple engine array system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a multi-engine array system composed of 20 engines according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic assembly diagram of a voice coil of a multiple engine array system provided at the bottom of a diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a series circuit of a voice coil circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a parallel circuit of a voice coil circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a series and parallel integrated circuit of a voice coil circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of heat dissipation of a multiple engine system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of heat dissipation of a basin frame connected to a multiple engine array system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a Fourier transform of a sound wave according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- T / S parameters of speakers T / S parameters improved and established by Thiele and Small include relatively complete theoretical data of the speaker's electro-mechanical-acoustic conversion process, especially in the field of low-frequency direct-radiation speakers, which are common in the industrial design community Accept and adopt.
- Q ES refers to the electrical Q value at the resonance frequency of the speaker unit, that is, the ratio of the voice coil DC resistance R E and the dynamic impedance at the resonance frequency fs.
- Q ES indicates the electrical quality of the voice coil, which is mainly represented by the resistance formed by the DC resistance R E and the inductance L VC and the back electromotive force R ES .
- Q MS refers to the mechanical Q value at the resonance frequency of the speaker unit, that is, the ratio of the equivalent resistance of the mechanical loss impedance R MS of the unit support system to the dynamic impedance at the resonance frequency fs.
- Q MS indicates the mass of the voice coil itself and the mechanical resistance R MS of the suspension system (including the suspended parts of the voice coil, diaphragm, centering support, and folded ring).
- X Max refers to the maximum displacement of the voice coil in the magnetic gap: equal to the height of the voice coil minus the height of the magnetic gap and divided by 2, which represents the range of movement of the movable part in one direction. Approaching or exceeding this range will cause non-linear motion This in turn produces harmonic distortion.
- FIG. 1 to 4 are schematic structural diagrams of a multiple engine array system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the multi-engine array system provided by the present invention includes at least two engine components 100.
- the multiple engine components 100 are installed at the bottom of the speaker frame 200.
- the multiple engine components 100 are distributed in an array.
- Each engine assembly 100 includes a voice coil 11 configured with a voice coil skeleton 12 and a magnetic circuit system for providing a magnetic field for the voice coil 11.
- the magnetic circuit system includes a magnetic bowl 21, a magnet 22, and a magnetically permeable plate 23. 21 is installed at the bottom of the basin frame 200.
- the magnet 22 and the magnetic guide plate 23 are located in the magnetic bowl 21.
- the magnetic guide plate 23 is fixed on the end surface of one end of the magnet 22.
- a magnetic gap 24 is formed between the magnet 22 and the magnetic bowl 21.
- the voice coil 11 is suspended in the magnetic gap 24, and the cross-sectional shapes of the voice coil 11 and the magnetic circuit system are rectangular, which can match speakers of different basin-like structures, and the corners of the cross section adopt rounded transitions.
- the rectangle may be rectangular or square.
- the shapes of the voice coil 11 and the magnetic circuit system of the engine assembly 100 may be circular or other shapes, and the present invention is not specifically limited.
- the engine assembly 100 with a rectangular rounded corner structure matching the shape of the basin frame 200 can not only achieve rapid assembly, but also save installation space.
- the magnetic circuit system is an internal magnetic structure.
- the internal magnetic structure Compared with an external magnetic structure, the internal magnetic structure has a small volume, a small space occupation, and can reduce magnetic leakage.
- One end of the magnet 22 is attached to the bottom of the magnetic bowl 21, and the other end of the magnet 22 is attached to the magnetically permeable plate 23.
- An annular magnetic gap 24 is formed between the magnetic bowl 21 and the magnet 22 and the magnetically permeable plate 23, and the voice coil 11 is suspended It is set in the magnetic gap 24.
- the voice coil 11 vibrates in the magnetic gap 24 in the axial direction of the magnet 22 and the magnetically permeable plate 23 (the direction of the double-headed arrow in the figure is the vibration direction of the voice coil 11).
- the maximum linear displacement of the coil 11 in the magnetic gap 24 is X Max .
- the magnet 22 uses strong neodymium-iron-boron magnetism, which can provide a stronger magnetic field and provide greater power for the movement of the voice coil 11; in addition, the magnet 22 may also use other permanent magnet materials.
- the axial height range of the magnetic gap 24 in the magnetic circuit system is 4 to 8 mm, and the radial width of the magnetic gap 24 is 2 to 3 mm.
- FIG. 3 shows Schematic diagram of a multiple engine array system consisting of 20 engine components.
- Adopt a multiple engine array system composed of multiple engine component 100 arrays, which has a wide range of applications and can be used for larger area diaphragms and larger-diameter speakers; the size of the independent engine components 100 can be made smaller and separated individually. It is suitable for smaller-diameter speakers; for speakers of different caliber sizes and power, it is only necessary to increase or decrease the number of engine components 100 according to the size of the speakers, without changing the size and specifications of the engine components 100.
- a multiple engine array system using multiple engine components 100 can reduce the power consumption of the speakers and improve the efficiency.
- the four-engine component 100 is used as an example for detailed description.
- the voice coils 11 of different engine components 100 are connected to each other through a circuit.
- a single series circuit, a parallel circuit, or a combined circuit of series and connection can be used to obtain the ideal impedance R E aims.
- different voice coils 11 are connected to each other through a dedicated circuit board 311 provided at the bottom 31 of the diaphragm.
- Each voice coil 11 is provided with a lead wire, and the voice coil 11 is connected to the circuit board 311 with a lead wire. Connect, input current into the voice coil 11 through the leads, and adjust the wiring position of the leads on the circuit board 311 to connect different voice coils 11 through different circuits.
- a rigid chassis may be provided at the bottom of the diaphragm 300, and the voice coil 11 and The diaphragm 300 is connected through a rigid chassis to reduce deformation of the diaphragm 300 and improve assembly efficiency.
- the rigid chassis matches the shape of the diaphragm bottom 31, and is attached to the diaphragm bottom 31.
- the chassis is provided with a mounting part connected to the voice coil 11, and the chassis is also provided with a circuit for connecting different voice coils 11 to each other.
- the board 311 and each voice coil 11 are connected to the circuit board 311 through leads. By adjusting the wiring position of the leads on the circuit board 311, different voice coils 11 can be connected to each other through a circuit.
- the R E of each voice coil is 2 ⁇
- the impedance R E obtainable by the series mode is 8 ⁇
- the impedance R E obtainable by the parallel mode is 0.5 ⁇
- the impedance R obtainable by the integrated mode E is 2 ⁇
- the R E of each voice coil is 6 ⁇
- the impedance R E obtained through the series mode is 24 ⁇
- the impedance R E obtained through the parallel mode is 1.5 ⁇
- the R E of each voice coil is 8 ⁇
- the impedance R E obtained through the series mode is 32 ⁇
- the impedance R E obtained through the parallel mode is 2 ⁇
- the impedance R E obtained through the integrated mode is 8 ⁇ .
- the R E value can be changed to meet the impedance R E target by changing the circuit connection method of multiple voice coils 11 and combining them according to Ohm's law.
- the impedance R E of a single voice coil 11 is 16 ⁇
- the resonance frequency fs can be further reduced and the acoustic performance can be improved.
- the present invention does not need to rely on a high-power amplifier, which not only reduces power consumption, but also reduces power distortion caused by excessive power, and improves speaker efficiency ⁇ o .
- the efficiency ⁇ o of the loudspeaker is a percentage of sound-electricity conversion. Because the multi-engine array system reduces the dependence on the high-power amplifier, that is, reduces the input power N I ; In addition, multiple engine components 100 perform work at the same time, and their output power N o 100 is superimposed a plurality of separate work independent engine components, the total output power is increased.
- the efficiency of the formula: ⁇ o N ⁇ ⁇ N I ⁇ 100%, as the output power of N ⁇ molecules increases as the input power of the denominator N I is reduced, the overall efficiency ⁇ o of the speaker will be greatly increased.
- the voice coil 11 is wound by using a printed flexible circuit board (FPC) or a single-sided insulated metal foil tape.
- the printed flexible circuit board (FPC) or metal foil tape is a single piece in the shape of a belt.
- the flexible circuit board includes a conductive layer and an insulating layer, and one side of the insulating layer abuts against the voice coil skeleton 12 when winding.
- a plurality of longitudinal conductive layers may be provided on the flexible circuit board. The plurality of conductive layers are attached to the insulating layer and are closely arranged in a coiled manner on the voice coil bobbin 12.
- a rectangular ring-shaped voice coil 11 is formed on the outer periphery.
- the insulated side of the metal foil tape is in close contact with the voice coil frame 12. Since the voice coil 11 is wound with a thin strip-shaped sheet body, the heat dissipation area is large, which can greatly improve the heat dissipation effect of the voice coil 11 and reduce the damage of the voice coil 11. Thin strips can be wound multiple times on the voice coil bobbin 12 to increase the voice coil length.
- the voice coil frame 12 is made of a high temperature resistant material and is integrally formed.
- a high temperature resistant injection molding material or a lightweight ceramic material such as silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) or silicon carbide (SiC) can be used.
- Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride
- SiC silicon carbide
- the heat dissipation effect is good, and the precise positioning of the voice coil 11 can be realized, and the assembly error rate can be reduced.
- the mapping (projection) positions of the engine assembly 100 on the bottom of the basin frame 200 are determined to realize accurate assembly of the speakers.
- the precise positioning of the voice coil 11 can reduce the uneven distribution of the magnetic force, reduce the damage to the voice coil 11 caused by the collision magnetic circuit, and reduce the non-linear motion of the voice coil 11.
- the side wall of the voice coil bobbin 12 is provided with a plurality of arrayed heat dissipation holes 121, which can further increase the heat dissipation effect of the voice coil 11.
- the maximum linear displacement X Max of the voice coil 11 in the magnetic gap 24 is the threshold value for the linear movement of the voice coil 11.
- the voice coil 11 displacement exceeds this limit, the length of the voice coil 11 cutting the magnetic field decreases.
- the ampere force experienced by the voice coil 11 is reduced, that is, the driving force of the voice coil 11 is reduced, and the output sound pressure of the speaker enters a non-linear state, which easily causes obvious non-linear distortion. Setting the magnetic circuit system as a rectangular cylindrical structure increases the maximum linear displacement X Max of the voice coil 11 in the magnetic gap and reduces distortion.
- the voice coil 11 When the audio current passes through the voice coil 11, the voice coil 11 is stressed in the magnetic field, and the voice coil 11 drives the diaphragm 300 to reciprocate, causing the air to vibrate.
- the diaphragm 300 is moved back and forth by the vertical pushing of the voice coil 11.
- the smaller the non-linear and mechanical distortion caused the more the distortion and the group delay are increased; if the rigid modulus of the diaphragm 300 is poor, the degree of distortion and the group delay will be greater.
- multiple voice coils 11 are used, and the array of multiple voice coils 11 greatly reduces the distance between the voice coil 11 and the edge of the diaphragm 300, thereby reducing the distortion and group delay caused thereby.
- the multiple engine components 100 work together, and their multiple voice coils 11 move in concert to promote the movement of the same diaphragm 300. At the same time, the multiple engine components 100 restrict each other.
- DE S is the distortion of the multiple engine array system
- DE 1 is the distortion of the first engine component 101
- DE 2 is the distortion of the second engine component 102
- n is the number of engine components.
- the multiple engine components 100 work together and restrict each other, so that the frequency of distortion is greatly reduced.
- the above distortions include: harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion caused by the non-linearity of the voice coil crossing the magnetic gap 24; output power and efficiency ⁇ o loss caused by the back electromotive force of the voice coil; caused by uneven distribution of the magnetic force and current BLI of the engine components Non-linear distortion; harmonic distortion, group delay, phase distortion, etc. caused by the non-linearity of the suspension system (including the diaphragm 300, the centering support, and the suspended portion of the folded ring).
- a ventilation hole is provided at the bottom of the magnetic bowl 21, as shown in FIG. 9, the direction of the arrow in the figure is the wind direction, and the bottom of the magnetic bowl 21 is provided with four first Ventilation holes 211.
- the airflow from diaphragm 300 and centering support driven by voice coil 11 enters the magnetic circuit system and forms the internal wind of magnetic bowl 21 with the four first ventilation holes 211 at the bottom of each magnetic bowl 21 Channel, the airflow is circulated through the magnetic gap 24 to achieve the effect of drainage and ventilation.
- the provision of ventilation holes can reduce the heat in the magnetic circuit by about 20%, and has a good heat dissipation effect.
- a second ventilation hole 201 is provided at the bottom of the basin frame 200.
- the second ventilation hole 201 is concentrically aligned with the position of the first ventilation hole 211 of each magnetic bowl 21 to ensure air circulation of the entire system.
- Unblocked, and the speaker's basin frame 200 uses an open structure in the upper part of the engine (shown by the curved arrow in the figure), which can directly radiate the heat from the high-pressure area formed in the engine to the surrounding low-pressure area;
- the lower half of the engine is also provided with a heat sink 202 type diffusion structure to enhance heat conduction, which can ensure that the heat of the magnetic bowl 21 closely connected to it is released through heat conduction.
- the bottom of the basin frame 200 is also provided with a central air duct 203, which can effectively reduce the direct stress during vibration of the diaphragm 300 and reduce the force resistance.
- the multiple engine array system realizes sufficient heat dissipation through the heat dissipation structure of the voice coil 11, the magnetic circuit system, and the basin frame 200.
- the multiple engine array system cooperates with the diaphragm 300, which can analyze the audio signal at a high magnification and deeply restore the dynamic details of the sound, and the spatial array distribution of multiple engine components enables the sound to be completely diffused.
- Each engine component 100 in a multiple engine array system is independent, and all voice coil circuits between them are connected in parallel, series, or integrated mode. When the same audio signal is received at the same time, all the voice coils 11 will perform linear piston motion at the same time to push the diaphragm 300 closely connected to it to generate a series of complex vibrations.
- a plurality of independent engine components 100 work together. Since the multi-engine array system of the present invention is a distributed array mode composed of a plurality of independent engine components 100, different voice coils 11 use different circuit connection methods.
- the Fourier transform principle can be used to analyze or synthesize sound wave components in various ways to obtain time-domain or frequency-domain images.
- the Fourier transform can analytically split a composite wave (that is, waves of many different frequencies are superimposed) into simple waves (single-frequency waves), and synthesize the simple waves into composite waves in the reverse direction. The more complex the signal is, the more simple waves are superimposed, and the simpler the signal is, the fewer simple waves are superimposed.
- Various simple waves can be used as signal components, such as sine waves, square waves, and sawtooth waves.
- the Fourier transform uses a sine wave as a component of a signal, and it means that a function that satisfies a certain condition can be expressed as a sine or cosine function (trigonometric function) or a linear combination of their integrals.
- a Fourier transform can be used to obtain a composite image S 1 of a plurality of simple waves of a sound wave in the time domain and a plurality of decomposition images S 2 , S 2 ′ of the sound wave in the frequency domain.
- the audio signal of the same channel is subjected to multiple separation and superposition in the frequency domain and time domain wave patterns to finally complete the electro-mechanical-acoustic conversion process, and obtains the equivalent work of multiple traditional single-engine speakers.
- the multi-engine array system can super-analyze sound waves.
- the analysis of the speaker may be analyzed using the Shannon formula.
- the analogy between Shannon's information theory and acoustics terms is equivalent.
- An audio channel that can be analogized to a signal, that is, an audio signal (Audio Channel) connected in the speaker's circuit.
- an audio signal Audio Channel
- a speaker only connects to one audio signal and only one channel.
- the multiple engine components 100 of the present application split the same channel into multiple channels with the same number as the engine components 100.
- Bandwidth It can be analogized to the frequency bandwidth, that is, the difference between the highest frequency and the lowest frequency of the frequency components contained in the signal.
- the bandwidth is proportional to the capacity.
- the unit is Hz, and the formula is H.
- Speed is not equal to speed, but it is proportional to speed.
- the frequency of sound waves is determined by the sound source that produces the sound, and does not change with the medium that transmits the sound. Therefore, the sound waves of different frequencies have different propagation rates in the same medium. The lower the frequency, the larger the wavelength and the greater the rate. The smaller the wavelength, the smaller the rate. In acoustics, the rate is more affected by the low end of the bandwidth.
- Error Probability (Error Rate): Can be equivalent to Distortion Rate.
- the Shannon formula C Hlog 2 (1 + S / N) shows that the information capacity C is directly proportional to the channel, bandwidth H, and rate v, but the error probability is inversely proportional to the information capacity C, channel, and bandwidth H, and is inversely proportional to the rate v Directly proportional.
- S / N is the signal-to-noise ratio
- S is the signal power (W)
- N is the noise power (W)
- the information capacity C is the maximum transmission capacity of the channel. That is, if the channel's information source rate R is less than or equal to the channel capacity C, then theoretically the output of the information source can be transmitted through the channel with an arbitrarily small error probability.
- the rate v is equivalent to the ratio of the wavelength ⁇ to time t
- the channel capacity C is equivalent to the bandwidth H
- the error probability is equivalent to the distortion rate DR.
- the bandwidth H can be increased or the rate v can be reduced. . If the bandwidth H and the rate v increase at the same time or only one, the amount of information passing through the channel must also increase; if the bandwidth H decreases at the same time or only one, the amount of information passing through the channel must also decrease.
- the number of channels is greater than or equal to 2, the overall information amount and the channels are also superimposed on the array.
- the analysis of the loudspeaker is analyzed by means of equivalent circuit modeling, and the lumped parameters of electric-force-acoustic are integrated in the form of a circuit model to form an equivalent circuit model.
- the mechanical (force) and acoustic (acoustic) parameters can be transformed into electrical (electrical) parameters that are displayed and calculated in the circuit in a reactive manner.
- the reactance includes resistance R E (impedance), capacitance C AP (capacitive reactance), and inductance L VC (inductive reactance).
- the multiple engine array system has multiple engine components 100.
- the voice coil 11 circuit can be effectively combined to form multiple sets of equivalent circuits.
- the multiple sets of equivalent circuits can perform various types of analysis of the audio frequency, improve the high-resolution analysis capability of the original audio signal, and improve the performance of the speaker.
- the multi-engine array system provided by the present invention, since each engine component is independent, and united to jointly drive the same rectangular basin-shaped diaphragm vibration which is closely connected to it, the diaphragm converts these electric energy generated by the signals in the engine It is mechanical energy, and through the analysis of the Fourier transform, Shannon theory, and equivalent circuit modeling as described above, it can analyze a variety of sounds to achieve high-power analysis of audio signals and deep restoration of sound dynamic details. And to achieve complete diffusion of the spatial distribution of sound waves.
- the present invention also provides a speaker including the above-mentioned multiple engine array system.
- the invention can be applied to larger-diameter speakers without relying on high-power amplifiers, which can effectively reduce power consumption and improve speaker efficiency;
- the multi-engine array system can reasonably control Q ES and Q MS by controlling impedance R E and inductive reactance L VC , Q TS , not only can increase the efficiency ⁇ o can also reduce the resonance frequency f s ; by changing the structure of the voice coil and voice coil skeleton to improve the cooling effect, at the same time through the magnetic circuit drainage and ventilation for heat dissipation, but also through the speaker basin frame
- the design achieves sufficient heat dissipation;
- the multi-engine array system makes the speaker's movement more linear, thereby reducing non-linear distortion, and makes the movement more balanced and stable, the response speed is faster, and the control ability is stronger; through the synergy of multiple engine components and Mutual restriction can reduce all kinds of distortion and improve the acoustic performance of the speaker.
- first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply these entities or operations There is any such actual relationship or order among them.
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种多重引擎阵列系统及扬声器,该多重引擎阵列系统包括至少两个引擎组件,至少两个所述引擎组件阵列安装在扬声器的盆架的底部,每个所述引擎组件均包括配置有音圈骨架的音圈以及用于为所述音圈提供磁场的磁路系统,所述磁路系统包括磁碗、磁体和导磁板,所述磁碗安装在所述盆架的底部,所述磁体和所述导磁板位于所述磁碗中,所述磁碗和所述磁体、所述导磁板之间形成磁隙,所述音圈悬置在所述磁隙中,所述音圈和所述磁路系统的截面的形状均为矩形。本发明适用范围广,能够有效降低功耗、提升扬声器效率、降低谐振频率、提高散热效果,通过多个引擎组件的协同和制约能够减少非线性失真等各类失真。
Description
本发明涉及电动扬声器技术领域,特别是涉及一种多重引擎阵列系统及扬声器。
传统的扬声器引擎多为单一引擎驱动,并且引擎的形状大多为圆形,这种传统的引擎一般采用外磁式的居多,由上下导磁板(T铁和华司)、磁体(主流为铁氧体)、音圈(金属丝线卷绕)和骨架(杜邦玻纤布手工制作、铝合金卷筒或硬纸筒)构成。对于较大口径的扬声器,传统单引擎结构的扬声器需要改变振膜及音圈等各部件的尺寸,特别是引擎中磁体的尺寸、重量,以及造价、模具等均使得大口径的扬声器难以实现量产。
另外,引擎散热不佳会导致扬声器出现一系列问题。例如,因热量引起的磁体退磁现象;因热量引起的音圈脱胶、短路或毁坏;因热量引起的音圈骨架的变形或接触音圈骨架的振膜和定心支片的变形;因热量引起的功率损耗而影响效率η
o等等。
单一引擎的扬声器中只有一支音圈,其电阻R
E除了在音圈工厂生产加工环节外是不可变的,如果电阻R
E比较大就需要更大功率的放大器推动,功耗大。扬声器中热量产生的根源主要是音圈,虽然悬置系统运动时压缩空气也可产生热量,但这一热量和音圈振动产生的热量相比可以忽略不计。音圈是一类具有阻抗和感抗的抗性原件,接通电流后除了与磁路感应产生机械运动外还会因抗性因素而把一部分能量转换为热能。根据能量守恒原理,音圈的这种热能对于动能来说实际是一部分动能的转换和损耗。在温度上,一般情况音圈本身的瞬时温度不超过300摄氏度,但在持续大功率情况下,峰值温度甚至可超过300摄氏度;另外,磁路中的温度一般都低于音圈本身很多不会超过100摄氏度,但在极端情况下或散热不合理,甚至可接近或超过200摄氏度。如果磁路中处于200摄氏度或更高的状态持续超过很长时间如30分钟以上,矫顽力较低的磁体就会发生退磁现象,进而造 成磁力的永久损失。所以,充分散热不仅是解决磁体退磁、音圈短路或毁坏的必要手段;还使引擎在电-力-声的转换过程中尽可能少的转换热能而更多的转换动能,进而降低由于热能转换而产生的损耗。
传统扬声器引擎中的音圈在磁路中运动时类似发动机的气缸和活塞,属于线性运动。但音圈在磁路中的这种运动并不是完全的线性,也呈现非线性。主要表现在两个方面:其一是由于磁隙高度不可能完全容纳音圈的高度所以会产生音圈超越磁隙的现象,即音圈在磁隙中的最大线性位移X
Max。当这一情况发生时其线性运动就不如活塞在气缸内那么准确无误,接近或超出这个范围将引起非线性运动进而产生非线性失真和谐波失真;其二是音圈、音圈骨架以及与音圈骨架顶部连接的定心支片和振膜均处于半悬浮状态,同时由于定心支片和振膜具有弹性,会导致音圈在运动过程中会产生非线性偏移。
此外,传统的单引擎扬声器会产生各类失真问题,例如音圈越过磁隙的非线性振动引起的谐波失真、互调失真,音圈的反电动势引起的输出功率和效率η
o损失,引擎的磁力、电流BLI分布不均匀引起的非线性失真,悬置系统(包括振膜、定心支片和折环的悬空部分)的非线性引起的谐波失真、群延时、相位失真等等。
发明内容
本发明的目的是至少解决上述缺陷与不足之一,该目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明提供了一种多重引擎阵列系统,包括至少两个引擎组件,至少两个所述引擎组件阵列安装在扬声器的盆架的底部,每个所述引擎组件均包括配置有音圈骨架的音圈以及用于为所述音圈提供磁场的磁路系统,所述磁路系统包括磁碗、磁体和导磁板,所述磁碗安装在所述盆架的底部,所述磁体和所述导磁板位于所述磁碗中,所述磁碗和所述磁体、所述导磁板之间形成磁隙,所述音圈悬置在所述磁隙中,所述音圈和所述磁路系统的截面的形状均为矩形。
进一步地,所述磁体的一端与所述磁碗的底部相贴合,所述磁体的另一端与所述导磁板相贴合,所述磁隙为环状磁隙。
进一步地,所述磁碗的底部设有多个第一通风孔,所述第一通风孔的位置 与设置在所述盆架的底部的第二通风孔相对应,所述磁隙与所述第一通风孔之间形成所述磁碗的内部风道。
进一步地,所述磁路系统的所述截面的四周采用圆角过渡。
进一步地,所述磁路系统为内磁式结构,所述磁体为钕铁硼强磁。
进一步地,多个所述引擎组件的不同的所述音圈通过电路相互连接,多个所述音圈的电路连接方式包括串联电路、并联电路以及串、并联结合的综合电路。
进一步地,多个所述音圈分别通过音圈引线与设置在振膜底部的电路板相连接,所述电路板通过所述音圈引线将多个所述音圈以不同的所述电路连接方式相互连接。
进一步地,所述音圈卷绕在所述音圈骨架的外周上,所述音圈包括印制的柔性电路板或单面绝缘的金属箔带。
进一步地,所述音圈骨架为耐高温材料,所述耐高温材料包括耐高温注塑材料或轻质陶瓷材料,所述音圈骨架为一体式结构。
本发明还提供了一种包括上述多重引擎阵列系统的扬声器。
本发明的优点如下:
(1)本发明的多重引擎阵列系统可适用于尺寸较大的扬声器,无需依赖大功率放大器,能够有效降低功耗,提升扬声器效率。
(2)本发明的多重引擎阵列系统通过控制阻抗R
E和感抗L
VC进而合理的控制Q
ES、Q
MS、Q
TS,不但可以增加效率η
o还可以降低谐振频率f
s。
(3)本发明的多重引擎阵列系统通过改变音圈及音圈骨架的结构提高散热效果,同时通过磁路的引流及通风进行散热,还通过扬声器盆架的散热设计实现充分散热。
(4)本发明的多重引擎阵列系统使扬声器的运动更趋于线性运动,进而降低非线性失真,并且使运动更均衡平稳,反应速度更迅捷,控制能力更强;通过多个引擎组件协同作用及相互制约,能够减少各类失真,提高扬声器的声学性能。
(5)本发明能够对声频信号进行高倍解析、对声音的动态细节进行深度还原、并通过多个引擎组件的空间阵列分布实现声音的完整扩散。
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。
图1为本发明实施例提供的多重引擎阵列系统的立体结构分解示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的多重引擎阵列系统的工作示意图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的多重引擎阵列系统的装配结构示意图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的由20个引擎构成的多重引擎阵列系统示意图;
图5为本发明实施例提供的多重引擎阵列系统的音圈在振膜底部的装配示意图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的音圈电路的串联电路示意图;
图7为本发明实施例提供的音圈电路的并联电路示意图;
图8为本发明实施例提供的音圈电路的串、并联综合电路示意图;
图9为本发明实施例提供的多重引擎系统的散热示意图;
图10为本发明实施例提供的与多重引擎阵列系统连接的盆架的散热示意图;
图11为本发明实施例提供的声波的傅里叶变换示意图;
附图标记如下:
100-引擎组件 200-盆架
300-振膜 11-音圈
12-音圈骨架 121-散热孔
101-第一音圈 102-第二音圈
103-第三音圈 104-第四音圈
21-磁碗 22-磁体
23-导磁板 24-磁隙
211-第一通风孔 31-振膜底部
311-电路板 201-第二通风孔
202-散热片 203-中心风道
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方式。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施方式,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反,提供这些实施方式是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
首先进行如下术语的解释以便于对本申请的理解:
扬声器的T/S参数:由Thiele和Small完善并确立的T/S参数包含了扬声器电-力-声转换过程中比较完整的理论数据,特别是在低频直接辐射式扬声器领域被工业设计界普遍接受和采纳。
1、T/S参数中的Q
ES、Q
MS、Q
TS。
(1)Q
ES是指扬声器单元谐振频率处的电Q值,即音圈直流电阻R
E和谐振频率fs处动生阻抗的比值。Q
ES指明了音圈本身的电学品质,主要表现为直流电阻R
E和电感L
VC以及反电动势R
ES形成的电阻尼。
(2)Q
MS是指扬声器单元谐振频率处的机械Q值,即单元支撑系统的机械损耗阻抗R
MS的等效电阻和谐振频率fs处动生阻抗的比值。Q
MS指明了音圈本身的质量以及悬置系统(包括音圈、振膜、定心支片和折环的悬空部分)的机械力阻R
MS。
(3)Q
TS是指扬声器单元谐振频率处的总Q值,即Q
ES和Q
MS的并联值,Q
TS=(Q
ES×Q
MS)÷(Q
ES+Q
MS)。
由上述公式可知,Q
ES越低即电阻尼越小,输出功率N
o和效率η
o就越高;降低Q
ES和Q
MS均可有效降低Q
TS,但Q
MS并不是越低越好,Q
MS太低会造成欠阻尼而使扬声器的悬置系统太活跃而产生延时,即信号停止后悬置系统的衰减缓慢,仍然按照惯性力继续振动;Q
MS太高则会造成过阻尼(刚性过大或质量过重)而使扬声器的全部振动部分振动受限影响效率η
o和谐振频率fs。
2、X
Max指音圈在磁隙中最大位移:等于音圈高度减去磁隙高度后除以2,代表可移动部分在一个方向上的运动范围,接近或超出这个范围将引起非线性运动进而产生谐波失真。
图1至图4示出了根据本发明的实施方式提供的多重引擎阵列系统的结构示意图。如图1至图4所示,本发明提供的多重引擎阵列系统包括至少两个引擎组件100,多个引擎组件100安装在扬声器的盆架200的底部,多个引擎组件100呈阵列分布,每个引擎组件100均包括配置有音圈骨架12的音圈11以及用于为所述音圈11提供磁场的磁路系统,磁路系统包括磁碗21、磁体22和导磁板23,磁碗21安装在盆架200的底部,磁体22和导磁板23位于所述磁碗21中,导磁板23固定在磁体22的一端的端面上,磁体22和磁碗21之间形成磁隙24,音圈11悬设在磁隙24中,音圈11和磁路系统的截面形状均呈矩形,可以匹配不同盆状结构的扬声器,并且截面的四周采用圆角过渡。上述矩形可以为长方形也可以为正方形。另外,引擎组件100的音圈11和磁路系统的形状也可为圆形或其他形状,本发明不具体限定。采用与盆架200的形状相匹配的矩形圆角结构的引擎组件100,不仅能够实现快速装配,还能节省安装空间。
具体地,如图2所示,磁路系统为内磁式结构,相较于外磁式结构,内磁式结构体积小,占用空间小,并且能够减少磁漏。磁体22的一端与磁碗21的底部贴合,磁体22的另一端与导磁板23贴合,磁碗21和磁体22及导磁板23之间形成环状磁隙24,音圈11悬设在磁隙24中,通入电流时,音圈11在磁隙24中沿磁体22及导磁板23的轴向方向往复振动(图中双向箭头方向为音圈11的振动方向),音圈11在磁隙24中的最大线性位移为X
Max。
磁体22采用钕铁硼强磁,能够提供较强的磁场,为音圈11的运动提供较大的动力;另外,磁体22也可采用其他永久磁体材料。磁路系统中磁隙24的轴向高度范围为4~8mm,磁隙24的径向宽度2~3mm。
如图3所示,多个引擎组件100阵列地分布在盆架200的底部,引擎组件100的数量和尺寸大小本发明不具体限定,可根据扬声器的口径来设置,例如,图4示出了由20个引擎组件构成的多重引擎阵列系统的示意图。采用由多个引擎组件100阵列组成的多重引擎阵列系统,适用范围广,可适用于较大面积的振膜和较大口径的扬声器;独立的引擎组件100的尺寸可制作的较小,以单独适用于较小口径的扬声器;对于不同口径尺寸和动力的扬声器,仅需根据扬声器的尺寸增减引擎组件100的数量即可,无需改动引擎组件100的尺寸及规格。
采用多个引擎组件100组成的多重引擎阵列系统可以降低扬声器的功耗,提高效率。以四引擎组件100为例进行具体说明,不同引擎组件100的音圈11之间通过电路相互连接,可以采用单独的串联电路、并联电路或串、联结合的综合电路来获得理想的阻抗R
E目标。
具体实施中,如图5所示,不同的音圈11通过设置在振膜底部31的专用电路板311相互连接,每个音圈11上均设有引线,音圈11通过引线与电路板311连接,将电流通过引线输入音圈11中,调节引线在电路板311上的接线位置即可将不同的音圈11通过不同的电路连接。
由于振膜300的底部没有稳固支撑,同时如果振膜300采用纸浆等材料,其纸质底部容易变形,另一实施方式中,可在振膜300的底部设置一刚性底盘,将音圈11与振膜300通过刚性底盘连接,以减少振膜300的变形并提高装配效率。该刚性底盘与振膜底部31的形状相匹配,并粘贴在振膜底部31,底盘上设有与音圈11相连接安装部,底盘上还设有用于将不同的音圈11相互连接的电路板311,各音圈11通过引线连接到电路板311上,通过调节引线在电路板311上的接线位置即可将不同的音圈11通过电路相互连接。
图6至图8示出了四引擎阵列系统的音圈连接示意图,如图6至图8所示,假设每个音圈11的阻抗R
E均为4Ω,不同的音圈电路有三种连接模式:(1)串联模式,如图6所示,4个音圈11通过串联电路串联在一起,最终阻抗R
E=R
E1+R
E2+R
E3+R
E4=16Ω;(2)并联模式,如图7所示,4个音圈11通过并联电路并联在一起,最终阻抗R
E=1/(1/R
E1+1/R
E2+1/R
E3+1/R
E4)=1Ω;(3)综合模式,如图8所示,4个音圈分成两组,组内串联、组与组之间并联或者组内并联、组与组之间串联,第一音圈101和第四音圈104上下串联,第二音圈102和第三音圈103上下串联,上下分别串联后的两组音圈11再左右并联,最终阻抗R
E=4Ω。由上可知,通过不同的电路连接方式可以对系统内不同的音圈11进行自由组合,以获得不同的阻抗R
E。另外,随着引擎组件100数量的增加,根据排列组合原理,通过综合模式可获得更多不同的阻抗R
E。
其他实施方式中,假设每个音圈的R
E均为2Ω,通过串联模式可获得的阻抗R
E为8Ω,通过并联模式可获得的阻抗R
E为0.5Ω,通过综合模式可获得的阻抗R
E为2Ω;假设每个音圈的R
E均为6Ω,通过串联模式可获得的阻抗R
E 为24Ω,通过并联模式可获得的阻抗R
E为1.5Ω,通过综合模式可获得的阻抗R
E为6Ω;假设每个音圈的R
E均为8Ω,通过串联模式可获得的阻抗R
E为32Ω,通过并联模式可获得的阻抗R
E为2Ω,通过综合模式可获得的阻抗R
E为8Ω。
由上述音圈11的电路连接方式可知,即使扬声器尺寸较大,也可以通过改变多个音圈11的电路连接方式并根据欧姆定律进行组合来改变其R
E值使其符合阻抗R
E目标,例如,对于单个音圈11的阻抗R
E为16Ω这种阻抗较大的情况,4个音圈11采用并联模式可获得R
E=4Ω的较小阻抗。即多个引擎组件100联合构成的多重引擎阵列系统可通过多种自由连接的音圈电路更来控制阻抗R
E和感抗L
VC,进而可以降低Q
ES使其合理化。
另外,根据公式Q
TS=(Q
ES×Q
MS)÷(Q
ES+Q
MS)可知,Q
ES、Q
MS中的任何一个参数的变动都会影响Q
TS,在Q
TS不变的情况下,有效的降低Q
ES的参数值就会使Q
MS的参数值提升。Q
MS值提升,悬置系统的质量更大,即允许悬置系统中振膜300的质量更大;如果把单位质量转换成单位面积,则振膜300的面积更大。振膜300的质量和面积增加使得扰动的随机空气粒子更多,能够获得更低的谐振频率fs。因此,随着引擎组件100的数量的增多,通过合理控制阻抗R
E和感抗L
VC进而影响Q
ES、Q
MS、Q
TS,可以更多的降低谐振频率fs,提高声学性能。
由于多重引擎阵列系统的扬声器的阻抗R
E具有可控性,本发明无需依赖大功率的放大器,既降低了功耗,同时也降低了因功率过大而产生的功率失真,提升扬声器的效率η
o。
具体地,扬声器的效率η
o为声—电转换的百分比,由于多重引擎阵列系统降低了对大功率放大器的依赖,即降低了输入功率N
I;另外多个引擎组件100同时做功,其输出功率N
Ο是多个独立的引擎组件100独立做功的叠加,所以增加了总输出功率。根据效率公式:η
o=N
Ο÷N
I×100%,作为分子的输出功率N
Ο增大,作为分母的输入功率N
I减小,则扬声器的总效率η
o将大大增加。
优选实施中,音圈11采用印制的柔性电路板(FPC)或单面绝缘的金属箔带卷绕而成。具体地,印制的柔性电路板(FPC)或金属箔带均为带状的单片体。采用印制的柔性电路板(FPC)时,柔性电路板包括导电层和绝缘层,卷绕时,绝缘层的一侧紧贴音圈骨架12。具体实施中,柔性电路板上可设有多个 纵向的导电层(本实施方式中设有5个),多个导电层附着在绝缘层上,并排列紧密地卷绕在音圈骨架12的外周上形成矩形环状音圈11。采用金属箔带时,金属箔带绝缘的一面紧贴音圈骨架12。由于音圈11采用厚度较薄的带状片体绕制而成,散热面积大,能够大大提高音圈11的散热效果,减小音圈11的毁坏。厚度较薄的带状片体可在音圈骨架12上缠绕多圈以增加音圈长度,根据公式F=BLI可知,音圈长度增加,音圈11的安培力(驱动力)增加,能够提高声音转化效率,其中B为音圈内部平均磁通量密度、L为音圈长度、I为电流。
音圈骨架12采用耐高温材料并一体加工成型,例如可采用耐高温注塑材料或氮化硅(Si
3N
4)、碳化硅(SiC)等轻质陶瓷材料,上述这些材料质量轻刚性好、散热效果佳,并且能够实现音圈11的精确定位,降低装配误差率。音圈11的数量越多,其准确定位的要求也越复杂,精度要求也越严格。确定了多个音圈11在振膜底部31的排列方式及位置布局,就确定了引擎组件100在盆架200底部的映射(投影)位置,实现扬声器的精确装配。音圈11的精确定位能够减少磁力的分布不均、减少因碰撞磁路造成的音圈11损坏以及减少音圈11的非线性运动。另外,如图2所示,音圈骨架12的侧壁上设有多个阵列分布的散热孔121,能够进一步增加音圈11的散热效果。
当音圈11位于磁场中部时,磁场强度最高,有效的磁能集中分布在磁隙24中,若超出了磁隙24的范围,磁场强度迅速降低。音圈11在磁隙24中的最大线性位移X
Max是音圈11线性运动的阈值,当音圈11位移超过该限度时,切割磁场的音圈11的长度减小,在音圈11中的电流不变的情况下,音圈11所受的安培力会减小,即音圈11的驱动力下降,扬声器的输出声压进入非线性状态,容易引起明显的非线性失真。将磁路系统设置为矩形的筒状结构,增大了音圈11在磁隙中的最大线性位移X
Max,减少失真。
多重引擎阵列系统中的多个独立的磁路系统和音圈11同时运动并推动与其连接的同一振膜300振动,音频信号通过音圈11时不易发生偏振,能够有效降低非线性偏移,使扬声器的运动更趋于线性运动,进而降低非线性失真;另外,多个音圈11同时推动振膜300运动,根据稳定性原理,能够使运动更均衡平稳,反应速度更迅捷,控制能力更强。
音频电流通过音圈11时,音圈11在磁场中受力,音圈11便带动振膜300 往复运动,使空气发生振动。振膜300是由音圈11的垂直推动而产生前后位移的,音圈11到振膜300边缘(含折环的悬空部分)的距离越大,受音圈11的直接垂直推动的力就越小,引起的非线性、机械畸变就越强,进而增加了失真量和群延时;如果振膜300的刚性模量较差,其失真的程度和群延时就会更大。本多重引擎阵列系统中的采用多个音圈11,多个音圈11阵列排列使得音圈11到振膜300边缘的距离大大缩短,进而降低了由此产生的失真和群延时。
多个引擎组件100联合工作,其多个音圈11联合运动,推动同一个振膜300运动,同时多个引擎组件100又相互制约,则扬声器的失真是多个引擎组件100失真的平均值,即DE
S=(DE
1+DE
2+…+DEn)÷n,
其中,DE
S为多重引擎阵列系统的失真,DE
1为第一引擎组件101的失真,DE
2为第二引擎组件102的失真,n为引擎组件的数量。
多个引擎组件100联合工作、相互制约,使得失真的频率大大降低。上述失真包括:音圈越过磁隙24的非线性引起的谐波失真、互调失真;音圈的反电动势引起的输出功率和效率η
o损失;引擎组件的磁力、电流BLI分布不均匀引起的非线性失真;悬置系统(包括振膜300、定心支片和折环的悬空部分)的非线性引起的谐波失真、群延时、相位失真等等。
为减少热量聚集扩散不佳引起的功率损耗以及效率损失,在磁碗21的底部设有通风孔,如图9所示,图中箭头方向为风向,磁碗21的底部设有4个第一通风孔211,被音圈11带动的来自振膜300、定心支片的气流,进入磁路系统后,与每个磁碗21底部的4个第一通风孔211形成磁碗21的内部风道,通过磁隙24进行气流循环并达到引流和通风的效果。具体实施中,设置有通风孔可降低磁路内大约20%的热量,起到良好的散热效果。
另外,如图10所示,在盆架200底部设置有第二通风孔201,第二通风孔201与每个磁碗21的第一通风孔211的位置同心对准,保证整个系统的气流循环畅通,并且扬声器的盆架200在引擎的上半部分采用开放式结构(图中弯曲箭头所示),可以把引擎内形成的高压区的热量直接的辐射向周围的低压区;盆架200在引擎的下半部分结构上还设置了散热片202式扩散结构,加强导热,能够确保将与其紧密连接的磁碗21的热量通过热传导的方式释放。此外,盆架200的底部还设有中心风道203,能够有效地降低振膜300振动时的直接应力, 减少力阻。多重引擎阵列系统通过音圈11自身的散热结构、磁路系统以及盆架200实现充分散热。
多重引擎阵列系统与振膜300相配合,能够对声频信号进行高倍解析、对声音的动态细节进行深度还原,并且多个引擎组件的空间阵列分布使得声音能够完整扩散。多重引擎阵列系统中每个引擎组件100都是独立的,它们之间的所有的音圈电路都是采用并联、串联或综合模式连接的。当同时接收同一声频信号后,全部音圈11都会同时做线性活塞运动进而推动与其紧密连接的振膜300产生一系列复杂的振动。
具体地,多个独立的引擎组件100协同工作,由于本发明的多重引擎阵列系统是由多个独立的引擎组件100构成的分布式阵列模式,不同的音圈11采用不同的电路连接方式,根据傅立叶变换原理,可对声波的成分进行多种解析或合成,获得时域或频域图像。傅立叶变换可以将一个复合波(即很多不同频率的波叠加在一起)解析拆分成简单波(单一频率的波),把简单波逆向合成为复合波。信号越复杂叠加的简单波就越多,信号越简单叠加的简单波就越少,各种简单波都可作为信号的成分,如正弦波、方波、锯齿波等。傅立叶变换用正弦波作为信号的成分,表示能将满足一定条件的某个函数表示成正弦或余弦函数(三角函数)或者它们的积分的线性组合。如图11所示,经过傅里叶变换可以获得声波的多个简单波在时域上的合成图像S
1以及声波在频域上的多个分解图像S
2、S
2
’等。
同一个信道的声频信号按傅里叶变换原理以频域和时域的波动模式经过多次分离叠加最终完成电-力-声的转换过程,获得了相当于多个传统单引擎扬声器的协同工作的总体之和。即这种多引擎共同完成的完整波动状态用公式可表示为:∑E=E
1+E
2+...+En或∑E=E×n,其中,∑E为扬声器的全部引擎的和、E为单个引擎组件,n为引擎组件的个数。采用多重引擎阵列系统能够对声波进行超级解析,可将一复杂的声频信号多次分解或合成进行解析,解析出丰富多彩的声音,达到了“对声频信号的高倍解析、对声音动态细节的深度还原以及实现声波空间分布的完整扩散”的能力。
另一实施方式中,可利用香农公式对扬声器的解析进行分析。为便于理解,先将香农信息论的相关术语与声学的相关术语进行等效类比。
信道(Channel):可类比为信号的音频通道,即扬声器的电路中接入的音频信号(Audio Channel)。一般一支扬声器只接入一个音频信号,只有一个信道。本申请的多个引擎组件100把同一个信道分流成了和引擎组件100数量相同的多个信道。
带宽(Bandwidth):可类比为频宽,即信号所包含的频率成分的最高频率与最低频率之差,带宽与容量成正比,单位为Hz,公式中为H。
速率(Velocity):可类比为质点位移经过的波长λ和通过这一波长λ的时间t的比值,v=λ/t。速率不等于速度、但和速度成正比。声波的频率由产生声音的声源决定,不随传播声音的介质变化而改变,所以不同频率的声波在同一介质中传播速率不同,频率越低其波长越大,速率越大;反之频率越高其波长越小,速率越小。在声学中速率受带宽的低频端影响更大。
差错概率(Error Rate):可等效为失真率(Distortion Rate)。
香农公式C=Hlog
2(1+S/N)表明,信息容量C与信道、带宽H、速率v均成正比例关系,但差错概率与信息容量C、信道、带宽H成反比,而与速率v成正比。S/N是信噪比,S是信号功率(瓦),N是噪声功率(瓦);信息容量C为信道的最大传输能力。即如果信道的信息源速率R小于或者等于信道容量C,那么,理论上信息源的输出能够以任意小的差错概率通过信道传输。
本实施方式已经把速率v等效为波长λ与时间t的比值,信道容量C等效为频宽H,差错概率等效为失真率DR;为了降低失真,可以增加频宽H或降低速率v。如果频宽H和速率v同时增加或只增加其一,通过信道的信息量也必然增加;如果频宽H同时降低或只降低其一,通过信道的信息量也必然减少。当信道的数量大于等于2时,整体信息量和信道也是阵列叠加的。
根据香农公式,总体信息容量可表示为∑C=H log
2(1+S/N)×cn,其中,∑C为通过所有信道信息的总和,H为频宽,小写的cn为阵列叠加的信道数。如忽略信噪比S/N,公示可简化为∑C=H×cn,即通过所有信道的信息的和等于带宽乘以信道数。这一公式与前面傅里叶分析的总公式:“∑E=E
1+E
2+...+E
n或∑E=E×n”可完全等效,即全部引擎的和等于各引擎的叠加或相乘。
利用香农公式对扬声器的解析表明,采用多重引擎阵列系统使得扬声器的信息总量C及频宽H可控,能够提高扬声器的声频解析能力和对扬声器的控制 能力。
另一实施方式中,以等效电路建模的方式对扬声器的解析进行分析,将电-力-声的集总参数以电路模型的方式整合起来即形成等效电路模型。这种方式可以将机械(力)、声学(声)的参数变换为电学(电)参数在电路中以电抗的方式显示和计算出来。电抗包括电阻R
E(阻抗)、电容C
AP(容抗)、电感L
VC(感抗),如图6至图8所示,多重引擎阵列系统具有多个引擎组件100,不同引擎组件100的音圈11电路经过有效组合可形成多组等效电路,多组等效电路可对声频进行多种解析,提高对原始声频信号的高倍解析能力,提高扬声器的性能。
本发明提供的多重引擎阵列系统,由于每个引擎组件都是独立的,并且联合起来共同推动与其紧密连接的同一个矩形盆状振膜振动,振膜把这些由引擎中的信号产生的电能转换为机械能,并且通过如上文所述的傅里叶变换、香农理论以及等效电路建模等方式的解析,解析出丰富多彩的声音,达到对声频信号的高倍解析、对声音动态细节的深度还原以及实现声波空间分布的完整扩散。
本发明还提供了一种包括上述多重引擎阵列系统的扬声器。
本发明可适用于较大口径的扬声器,无需依赖大功率放大器,能够有效降低功耗,提升扬声器效率;多重引擎阵列系统通过控制阻抗R
E和感抗L
VC进而合理的控制Q
ES、Q
MS、Q
TS,不但可以增加效率η
o还可以降低谐振频率f
s;通过改变音圈及音圈骨架的结构提高散热效果,同时通过磁路的引流及通风进行散热,还通过扬声器盆架的散热设计实现充分散热;多重引擎阵列系统使扬声器的运动更趋于线性运动,进而降低非线性失真,并且使运动更均衡平稳,反应速度更迅捷,控制能力更强;通过多个引擎组件协同作用及相互制约,能够减少各类失真,提高扬声器的声学性能。
需要指出的是,在本发明的描述中,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
- 一种多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,包括至少两个引擎组件,至少两个所述引擎组件阵列安装在扬声器的盆架的底部,每个所述引擎组件均包括配置有音圈骨架的音圈以及用于为所述音圈提供磁场的磁路系统,所述磁路系统包括磁碗、磁体和导磁板,所述磁碗安装在所述盆架的底部,所述磁体和所述导磁板位于所述磁碗中,所述磁碗和所述磁体、所述导磁板之间形成磁隙,所述音圈悬置在所述磁隙中,所述音圈和所述磁路系统的截面的形状均为矩形。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,所述磁体的一端与所述磁碗的底部相贴合,所述磁体的另一端与所述导磁板相贴合,所述磁隙为环状磁隙。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,所述磁碗的底部设有多个第一通风孔,所述第一通风孔的位置与设置在所述盆架的底部的第二通风孔相对应,所述磁隙与所述第一通风孔之间形成所述磁碗的内部风道。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,所述磁路系统的所述截面的四周采用圆角过渡。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,所述磁路系统为内磁式结构,所述磁体为钕铁硼强磁。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,多个所述引擎组件的不同的所述音圈通过电路相互连接,多个所述音圈的电路连接方式包括串联电路、并联电路以及串、并联结合的综合电路。
- 根据权利要求6所述的多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,多个所述音圈分别通过音圈引线与设置在振膜底部的电路板相连接,所述电路板通过所述音圈引线将多个所述音圈以不同的所述电路连接方式相互连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,所述音圈卷绕在所述音圈骨架的外周上,所述音圈包括印制的柔性电路板或单面绝缘的金属箔带。
- 根据权利要求8所述的多重引擎阵列系统,其特征在于,所述音圈骨架为耐高温材料,所述耐高温材料包括耐高温注塑材料或轻质陶瓷材料,所述音圈骨架为一体式结构。
- 一种扬声器,其特征在于,所述扬声器包括根据权利要求1至9中任一 项所述的多重引擎阵列系统。
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CN109068247A (zh) | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-21 | 张永春 | 多重引擎阵列系统及扬声器 |
CN109195076A (zh) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-01-11 | 张永春 | 扬声器振膜及扬声器 |
CN110248297A (zh) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-17 | 苏州茹声电子有限公司 | 一种多路输入驱动的小型扬声器及中高音扬声器 |
CN110662139B (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2022-03-11 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | 一种发声装置及辅助振动方法 |
US11889284B2 (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2024-01-30 | Sound Solutions International Co., Ltd. | Multi magnet electrodynamic acoustic transducer and electroacoustic system |
US11652395B1 (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2023-05-16 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Voice coil arrays |
CN116489549B (zh) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-26 | 深圳市湖山科技有限公司 | 一种相位及频率带宽可控的阵列扬声器 |
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JP7240688B2 (ja) | 2023-03-16 |
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