WO2020029481A1 - 一种口咽通气道 - Google Patents

一种口咽通气道 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020029481A1
WO2020029481A1 PCT/CN2018/118207 CN2018118207W WO2020029481A1 WO 2020029481 A1 WO2020029481 A1 WO 2020029481A1 CN 2018118207 W CN2018118207 W CN 2018118207W WO 2020029481 A1 WO2020029481 A1 WO 2020029481A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
curved surface
wall
airway
surface part
oropharyngeal airway
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/118207
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄长盛
焦晶晶
唐四元
申宇
郭曲练
龚妮
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Central South University
Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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Central South University
Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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Publication date
Application filed by Central South University, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University filed Critical Central South University
Priority to KR1020197030912A priority Critical patent/KR102340969B1/ko
Publication of WO2020029481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020029481A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0486—Multi-lumen tracheal tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0402—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for
    • A61M16/0418—Special features for tracheal tubes not otherwise provided for with integrated means for changing the degree of curvature, e.g. for easy intubation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0488—Mouthpieces; Means for guiding, securing or introducing the tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
    • A61M2210/06—Head
    • A61M2210/0625—Mouth
    • A61M2210/065—Throat; Pharynx

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and in particular to an oropharyngeal airway.
  • the oropharyngeal airway is a simple and convenient upper-glottic ventilation device, which prevents the tongue from falling back by pressing down the tongue, supports the lingual arch and uvula, separates the root of the tongue from the posterior pharyngeal wall, relieves upper airway obstruction, and maintains air
  • the unobstructed airway is mainly used for the general anesthesia induction period of patients with tracheal intubation before surgery, the upper respiratory tract obstruction caused by posterior fall of various coma patients during non-tracheal intubation, and the establishment of temporary airways for other types of difficult airways.
  • Essential airway management aids for clinical departments such as anesthesia, respiratory medicine, ICU and emergency department.
  • the existing oropharyngeal airway is only composed of a flat tube or a piece of ventilation tube made of rubber or plastic.
  • the oropharyngeal secretions will further increase, increasing the risk of aspiration.
  • the blurred field of vision affects the operation, increasing the difficulty of intubation and prolonging the hypoxia time of the patient.
  • an external aspirator is required to clean up the oropharyngeal secretion, which will increase the patient's hypoxia during the operation, and the patient's oropharyngeal vagus nerve stimulation may induce serious adverse events such as cardiac arrest.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provide an oropharyngeal airway capable of adsorbing oropharyngeal secretions while improving ventilation, clearly intubating the field of vision, and reduce the use of an external aspirator to clean up secretions.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An oropharyngeal airway includes an upper tube wall and a lower tube wall.
  • the upper tube wall includes an upper curved surface portion and an upper planar portion located outside the upper curved surface portion.
  • the lower tube wall includes a lower curved surface portion and an inferior curved surface portion.
  • On the outer lower flat portion there are two left and right first connecting walls between the upper curved portion and the lower curved portion.
  • the left edges of the upper curved portion and the lower curved portion extend to the left of the left first connecting wall.
  • the right edges of the upper curved portion and the lower curved portion both extend to the right of the first connecting wall on the right side, and an intermediate air passage is formed between the upper curved portion, the lower curved portion and the two first connecting walls.
  • a side air passage is formed between the extended portion, the extended portion of the lower curved portion and the first connecting wall, and the distance between the two first connecting walls along the flow direction of the gas gradually decreases.
  • the first connection wall is arc-shaped, and the first connection wall on the left is recessed to the right, and the first connection wall on the right is recessed to the left.
  • the left surface of the first connecting wall on the left is rougher than the right surface
  • the right surface of the first connecting wall on the right is rougher than the left surface
  • the portion of the lower surface of the upper curved portion corresponding to the middle air passage is more extended than the extending portion.
  • the upper surface of the lower curved portion is rougher than the extended portion.
  • the first connection wall is made of a flexible water-absorbing material.
  • the right surface of the left first connecting wall, the left surface of the right first connecting wall, the portion of the lower surface of the upper curved portion corresponding to the intermediate ventilation channel, and the upper surface of the lower curved portion and the intermediate ventilation is provided with a drag reduction layer for reducing airflow resistance.
  • a support wall is further provided between the upper curved portion and the lower curved portion, and the support wall is located between the two first connection walls.
  • the support wall is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes.
  • both the left surface and the right surface of the support wall are provided with a drag reduction layer for reducing airflow resistance.
  • two left and right second connecting walls are provided between the upper flat portion and the lower flat portion, and the left edges of the upper flat portion and the lower flat portion both extend to the left second connecting wall.
  • the right edges of the upper and lower planar portions extend to the right of the second connecting wall on the right, and the two first connecting walls and the two second connecting walls are connected one to one correspondingly.
  • an upper flange portion is provided on the outside of the upper flat portion, and a lower flange portion is provided on the outside of the lower flat portion.
  • the present invention has the advantages that the oropharyngeal airway disclosed in the present invention is provided with two left and right first connecting walls between the curved portion of the upper tube wall and the lower tube wall, the upper tube wall and the lower tube.
  • An intermediate airway is formed between the wall and the two first connecting walls, and the upper and lower tube walls are extended (or protruded) to the left and right sides, thereby forming the left and right side airways, and from the outer end to
  • the distance between the two first connecting walls at the inner end gradually decreases, that is, the middle airway gradually narrows, and accordingly, the two side airways gradually widen.
  • the oropharyngeal airway of the present invention When the oropharyngeal airway of the present invention is placed, When the mask is ventilated, part of the airflow passes through the middle airway and the other part passes through the two side airways. Due to the narrowing of the middle airway and the widening of the side airways, the flow rate of the internal airflow will gradually increase. The pressure gradually decreases, and the air velocity on both sides gradually slows down. The corresponding pressure gradually increases, that is, a gradually increasing pressure difference will form on the left and right sides of the first connecting wall.
  • the reflux material will be quickly adsorbed on the first connecting wall and can be taken out with the removal of the oropharyngeal airway, which avoids the use of a suction tube to stimulate the throat of an already hypoxic patient and can reduce various
  • the secretion may cause the risk of aspiration and aspiration of the patient, and also provides a clear field of vision for subsequent intubation, reduces the time to intubate, improves the success rate of intubation, and reduces the patient's hypoxia time when the tracheal tube is inserted.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the oropharyngeal airway of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the oropharyngeal airway of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an arrow A view in FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a B-B view in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a C-C view in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic front structural view of a supporting wall in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of the oropharyngeal airway of the present invention.
  • the oropharyngeal airway of this embodiment includes an upper tube wall 1 and a lower tube wall 2.
  • the upper tube wall 1 includes an upper curved surface portion 11 and The upper flat portion 12 is located outside the upper curved portion 11, and the lower tube wall 2 includes a lower curved portion 21 and a lower flat portion 22 located outside the lower curved portion 21.
  • the first connecting wall 3, the left edges of the upper curved portion 11 and the lower curved portion 21 all extend to the left of the left first connecting wall 3, and the right edges of the upper curved portion 11 and the lower curved portion 21 both extend to the right first connecting wall.
  • an intermediate air passage 4 is formed between the upper curved portion 11, the lower curved portion 21, and the two first connecting walls 3.
  • Side air passages 5 are formed therebetween, and the distance between the two first connection walls 3 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the gas.
  • This oropharyngeal airway is provided with two left and right first connecting walls 3 between the upper curved wall 1 and the lower curved wall 2 (corresponding to the position where the secretion is likely to occur in the patient's body).
  • An intermediate air passage 4 is formed between the wall 2 and the two first connecting walls 3, and the upper tube wall 1 and the lower tube wall 2 extend (or protrude) to the left and right sides, respectively, so as to respectively communicate with the left and right two first connecting walls.
  • 3 forms the left and right side air passages 5, and the distance between the two first connection walls 3 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the gas (or from the outer end to the inner end), that is, the middle air passage 4 gradually changes Narrow, correspondingly, the two lateral airways 5 gradually widen.
  • the first connection wall 3 is arc-shaped, and the first connection wall 3 on the left is recessed to the right, and the first connection wall 3 on the right is recessed to the left (refer to FIGS. 3, 4 and 3). 5), that is, the first connecting wall 3 is recessed toward the lower pressure side.
  • the arc-shaped first connection wall 3 is used and recessed toward the lower pressure side, which is conducive to the concentrated adsorption of the secretions on the adsorption concave surface, and also has a larger adsorption capacity.
  • the left surface of the left first connecting wall 3 is rougher than the right surface
  • the right surface of the right first connecting wall 3 is rougher than the left surface
  • the lower surface of the upper curved portion 11 corresponds to the middle air passage 4
  • the part is rougher than the extended part
  • the upper surface of the lower curved surface part 21 corresponding to the intermediate air passage 4 is rougher than the extended part (refer to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5), that is, the four sides of the middle air passage 4 are side-by-side.
  • the three sides of the side airway 5 are set more smoothly, which is conducive to increasing the difference in gas flow velocity between the middle airway 4 and the side airway 5, thereby increasing the pressure difference between the two sides of the first connecting wall 3, thereby improving oropharyngeal ventilation.
  • the adsorption performance of the channel and the rougher surface set away from the intermediate airway 4 at the same time are also conducive to reducing the flow of secretions along the surface.
  • the first connecting wall 3 is made of a flexible water-absorbing material, such as a multilayer gauze made of peach bud cotton.
  • a flexible water-absorbing material such as a multilayer gauze made of peach bud cotton.
  • the right surface of the left first connection wall 3, the left surface of the right first connection wall 3, a portion of the lower surface of the upper curved portion 11 corresponding to the intermediate air passage 4, and a lower curved portion 21 The upper surface of the surface corresponding to the middle air passage 4 is provided with a drag reduction layer (not shown) for reducing airflow resistance, that is, the four sides surrounding the middle air passage 4 are provided with a drag reduction layer to reduce drag.
  • the layer may be, for example, a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coating, which can further increase the flow velocity of the gas in the intermediate air passage 4, thereby reducing the internal pressure and further improving the adsorption effect.
  • a support wall 6 is further provided between the upper curved portion 11 and the lower curved portion 21, and the support wall 6 is located between the two first connecting walls 3.
  • both the left surface and the right surface of the support wall 6 are provided with drag reduction layers (not shown in the figure) for reducing airflow resistance.
  • the left and right surfaces of the support wall 6 are also provided with drag reduction layers, which is beneficial to reduce the influence of the support wall 6 on the air flow velocity in the intermediate air passage 4.
  • a plurality of vent holes 61 may be provided on the support wall 6 so as to communicate the air flow channels on both sides of the support wall 6 so as to form the intermediate air passage 4 as a whole;
  • the support wall 6 preferably adopts a flat wall surface, which is conducive to improving support
  • the strength and material may be medical hard plastics, etc .;
  • the support wall 6 is preferably provided in the middle of the two first connecting walls 3.
  • two left and right second connecting walls 7 are provided between the upper flat portion 12 and the lower flat portion 22, and the left edges of the upper flat portion 12 and the lower flat portion 22 both extend to the left second connection.
  • the right edges of the upper flat portion 12 and the lower flat portion 22 all extend to the right of the second connecting wall 7 on the right side, and the two first connecting walls 3 and the two second connecting walls 7 are connected one by one correspondingly.
  • a part of the airflow enters the middle air passage 4 through the channel between the two second connecting walls 7, and another part of the airflow enters the side airway 5 through the side of the second connecting wall 7.
  • the second connecting wall 7 preferably adopts a flat wall surface, which is beneficial to improving the support strength for the upper flat portion 12 and the lower flat portion 22.
  • an upper flange portion 13 is provided on the outside of the upper flat portion 12, and a lower flange portion 23 is provided on the outside of the lower flat portion 22.
  • the entire oropharyngeal airway is positioned by the upper flange portion 13 and the lower flange portion 23.
  • the first connecting wall 3 is made of a flexible water-permeable material. Under this pressure difference, a depression deformation will occur, and the support wall 6 is used to provide support, thereby To maintain the overall shape of the oropharyngeal airway, drag reduction layers are also provided on both sides of the support wall 6 to avoid affecting the flow rate of the gas in the intermediate airway 4 and affecting the pressure difference described above.

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Abstract

一种口咽通气道，包括上曲面部（11）、位于上曲面部（11）外侧的上平面部（12）、下曲面部（21）以及位于下曲面部（21）外侧的下平面部（22），上曲面部（11）和下曲面部（21）之间设有左右两个第一连接壁（3），上曲面部（11）、下曲面部（21）和两个第一连接壁（3）之间形成中间通气道（4）和两个侧边通气道（5），沿气体的流动方向两个第一连接壁（3）之间的距离逐渐减少，构成中间通气道（4）越来越狭窄而两个侧边通气道（5）越来越宽阔，且将第一连接壁（3）设置成凹面状并采用柔性吸水材料，利用流体力学的伯努利原理产生于各第一连接壁（3）左右两侧的压强差，使得该口咽通气道能够在改善通气的同时吸附口咽分泌物，减少反流误吸，清晰插管视野，减少气管导管插入时患者的缺氧时间，同时减少需要外接负压吸引器清理分泌物的使用可能对患者的口咽部刺激造成的不良反应。

Description

一种口咽通气道 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种口咽通气道。
 背景技术
口咽通气道是一种简易方便的声门上通气装置，通过下压舌体防止舌后坠，支撑舌腭弓及悬雍垂，将舌根与咽后壁分开，解除上呼吸道梗阻，保持气道通畅，主要用于手术前气管插管患者的全麻诱导时期、非气管插管时各种昏迷患者因舌后坠导致的上呼吸道梗阻以及为其他类型的困难气道建立临时气道，是麻醉科、呼吸内科、ICU和急诊科等临床科室必备的气道管理辅助工具。
现有的口咽通气道仅由橡胶或塑料材质的扁管状或分片状的通气管道构成，小儿、昏迷患者、饱胃患者等口咽部分泌物通常就比一般人多，置入现有口咽通气道时，会因为刺激导致口咽部分分泌物进一步增加，增大了误吸风险，在后续改为气管插管时视野模糊影响操作，增加了插管难度，使患者的缺氧时间延长。并且，现在对于清理口咽分泌物需要外接吸引器操作，操作过程中会使患者缺氧加重，而且对患者口咽部迷走神经刺激有可能诱发心脏骤停等严重不良事件。
 技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种能够在改善通气的同时吸附口咽分泌物，清晰插管视野的口咽通气道，减少外接吸引器清理分泌物的使用。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种口咽通气道，包括上管壁和下管壁，所述上管壁包括上曲面部和位于上曲面部外侧的上平面部，所述下管壁包括下曲面部和位于下曲面部外侧的下平面部，所述上曲面部和所述下曲面部之间设有左右两个第一连接壁，上曲面部和下曲面部左边缘均延伸至左边的第一连接壁左侧，上曲面部和下曲面部右边缘均延伸至右边的第一连接壁右侧，所述上曲面部、下曲面部和两个第一连接壁之间形成中间通气道，所述上曲面部的延伸部分、下曲面部的延伸部分和第一连接壁之间形成侧边通气道，沿气体的流动方向两个所述第一连接壁之间的距离逐渐减少。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述第一连接壁为圆弧状，且左边的第一连接壁向右侧凹陷，右边的第一连接壁向左侧凹陷。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：左边第一连接壁的左表面比右表面粗糙，右边第一连接壁的右表面比左表面粗糙，上曲面部的下表面与中间通气道对应的部分比延伸部分粗糙，下曲面部的上表面与中间通气道对应的部分比延伸部分粗糙。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述第一连接壁由柔性吸水材料构成。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：左边第一连接壁的右表面、右边第一连接壁的左表面、上曲面部的下表面与中间通气道对应的部分、以及下曲面部的上表面与中间通气道对应的部分均设有用于减少气流阻力的减阻层。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述上曲面部和下曲面部之间还设有支撑壁，所述支撑壁位于两个所述第一连接壁之间。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述支撑壁上设有若干通气孔。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述支撑壁的左表面和右表面均设有用于减少气流阻力的减阻层。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述上平面部和所述下平面部之间设有左右两个第二连接壁，上平面部和下平面部的左边缘均延伸至左边的第二连接壁左侧，上平面部和下平面部的右边缘均延伸至右边的第二连接壁右侧，两个所述第一连接壁和两个所述第二连接壁一一对应连接。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进：所述上平面部外侧设有上翼缘部，所述下平面部外侧设有下翼缘部。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：本发明公开的口咽通气道，在上管壁和下管壁的曲面部之间设置左右两个第一连接壁，上管壁、下管壁和两个第一连接壁之间形成中间通气道，上管壁和下管壁均向左右两侧延伸（或称凸出），从而形成左右两个侧边通气道，且自外端向里端两个第一连接壁之间的距离逐渐减少，也即中间通气道逐渐变窄，相应地，两个侧边通气道则逐渐变宽，当置入本发明的口咽通气道后进行面罩通气时，气流一部分从中间通气道通过，另一部分从两个侧边通气道通过，由于中间通气道逐渐变窄、侧边通气道逐渐变宽，内部气流的流速会逐步变快相应的内部压强逐渐变小，而两侧气流速度逐步变慢相应的压强逐渐增大，也即第一连接壁左右两侧会形成逐渐增加的压强差，口咽部若有痰液等分泌物或饱胃病人、昏迷病人的胃食管返流物，则会被迅速吸附在第一连接壁上，之后可随口咽通气道的取出而带出，避免了吸痰管的使用对本就缺氧患者的咽喉部的刺激，能减少各种分泌物可能引起患者返流误吸的风险，同时也为后续插管提供了一个清晰的视野，减少插管所用时间，提高插管成功率，减少了气管导管插入时患者的缺氧时间。
 附图说明
图1是本发明口咽通气道的立体结构示意图。
图2是本发明口咽通气道的主视结构示意图。
图3是图2中的A向视图。
图4是图2中的B-B视图。
图5是图2中的C-C视图。
图6是本发明中的支撑壁的主视结构示意图。
图7是本发明口咽通气道的俯视结构示意图。
图中各标号表示：1、上管壁；11、上曲面部；12、上平面部；13、上翼缘部；2、下管壁；21、下曲面部；22、下平面部；23、下翼缘部；3、第一连接壁；4、中间通气道；5、侧边通气道；6、支撑壁；61、通气孔；7、第二连接壁。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1至图7示出了本发明口咽通气道的一种实施例，本实施例的口咽通气道，包括上管壁1和下管壁2，上管壁1包括上曲面部11和位于上曲面部11外侧的上平面部12，下管壁2包括下曲面部21和位于下曲面部21外侧的下平面部22，上曲面部11和下曲面部21之间设有左右两个第一连接壁3，上曲面部11和下曲面部21左边缘均延伸至左边的第一连接壁3左侧，上曲面部11和下曲面部21右边缘均延伸至右边的第一连接壁3右侧，上曲面部11、下曲面部21和两个第一连接壁3之间形成中间通气道4，上曲面部11的延伸部分、下曲面部21的延伸部分和第一连接壁3之间形成侧边通气道5，沿气体的流动方向两个第一连接壁3之间的距离逐渐减少。其中，需要说明的是，口咽通气道置入后，氧气由外部输入患者体内，气体的流动方向具体为附图1、2、6和7中的自左向右。
该口咽通气道，在上管壁1和下管壁2的曲面部（对应于患者体内容易产生分泌物的位置）之间设置左右两个第一连接壁3，上管壁1、下管壁2和两个第一连接壁3之间形成中间通气道4，上管壁1和下管壁2均向左右两侧延伸（或称凸出），从而分别与左右两个第一连接壁3形成左右两个侧边通气道5，且沿着气体的流动方向（或者说自外端向里端）两个第一连接壁3之间的距离逐渐减少，也即中间通气道4逐渐变窄，相应地，两个侧边通气道5则逐渐变宽，当置入本发明的口咽通气道后进行面罩通气时，气流一部分从中间通气道4通过，另一部分从两个侧边通气道5通过，由于中间通气道4逐渐变窄、侧边通气道5逐渐变宽，中间通气道4内部气流的流速会逐步变快相应的内部压强逐渐变小，而两侧的侧边通气道5气流速度逐步变慢相应的压强逐渐增大，也即第一连接壁3左右两侧（参考附图3、4和5）会形成逐渐增加的压强差，口咽部若有痰液等分泌物或饱胃病人、昏迷病人的胃食管返流物，则会被迅速吸附在第一连接壁3上，之后可随口咽通气道的撤出而带出，避免了吸痰管的使用对本就缺氧患者的咽喉部的刺激，能减少各种分泌物可能引起患者返流误吸的风险，同时也为后续插管提供了一个清晰的视野，减少插管所用时间，提高插管成功率，减少了气管导管插入时患者的缺氧时间。
进一步地，本实施例中，第一连接壁3为圆弧状，且左边的第一连接壁3向右侧凹陷，右边的第一连接壁3向左侧凹陷（参考附图3、4和5），也即第一连接壁3朝压强较低的一侧凹陷。相比平整的连接壁，采用圆弧状的第一连接壁3并朝压强较低的一侧凹陷，有利于将分泌物集中吸附在吸附凹面上，同时也具有更大的吸附容量。
进一步地，本实施例中，左边第一连接壁3的左表面比右表面粗糙，右边第一连接壁3的右表面比左表面粗糙，上曲面部11的下表面与中间通气道4对应的部分比延伸部分粗糙，下曲面部21的上表面与中间通气道4对应的部分比延伸部分粗糙（参考附图3、4和5），也即围成中间通气道4的四个面比侧边通气道5的三个面设置的更光滑，有利于增加中间通气道4与侧边通气道5内气体的流速差，进而增加第一连接壁3两侧的压强差，从而提高口咽通气道的吸附性能，同时远离中间通气道4的表面设置的较粗糙，也有利于减少分泌物沿表面的流动。
进一步地，本实施例中，第一连接壁3由柔性吸水材料构成，例如可以是桃蕾棉制成的多层纱网等，柔性的第一连接壁3在两侧形成压强差时，中部能够产生凹陷变形，有利于将分泌物吸附在凹陷部位，从而提高吸附效果，采用吸水材料则有助于增加吸附量。
更进一步地，本实施例中，左边第一连接壁3的右表面、右边第一连接壁3的左表面、上曲面部11的下表面与中间通气道4对应的部分、以及下曲面部21的上表面与中间通气道4对应的部分均设有用于减少气流阻力的减阻层（图中未示出），也即围成中间通气道4的四个面均设置减阻层，减阻层例如可以是PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）涂层，可进一步提高中间通气道4内气体的流速，从而降低内部的压强，进一步提高吸附效果。
进一步地，本实施例中，上曲面部11和下曲面部21之间还设有支撑壁6，支撑壁6位于两个第一连接壁3之间。通过设置支撑壁6可以提高口咽通气道的机械强度，有利于保持口咽通气道的截面形状。
更进一步地，支撑壁6的左表面和右表面均设有用于减少气流阻力的减阻层（图中未示出）。在支撑壁6的左、右表面也设置减阻层，有利于减少支撑壁6对于中间通气道4内气流速度的影响，减阻层例如可以是PTFE（聚四氟乙烯）涂层等。
作为优选的技术方案可在支撑壁6上设置若干通气孔61，从而将支撑壁6两侧的气流通道连通，使中间通气道4构成整体；支撑壁6优选采用平整的壁面，有利于提高支撑强度，材质可以是医用的硬质塑料等；支撑壁6优选设于两个第一连接壁3的中间。
进一步地，本实施例中，上平面部12和下平面部22之间设有左右两个第二连接壁7，上平面部12和下平面部22的左边缘均延伸至左边的第二连接壁7左侧，上平面部12和下平面部22的右边缘均延伸至右边的第二连接壁7右侧，两个第一连接壁3和两个第二连接壁7一一对应连接。使用时一部分气流通过两个第二连接壁7之间的通道进入中间通气道4，另一部分气流通过第二连接壁7侧边进入侧边通气道5。第二连接壁7优选采用平整的壁面，有利于提高对于上平面部12和下平面部22的支撑强度。
进一步地，本实施例中，上平面部12外侧设有上翼缘部13，下平面部22外侧设有下翼缘部23。通过上翼缘部13和下翼缘部23对口咽通气道整体进行定位。
本发明的口咽通气道的工作原理如下：
当置入本发明的口咽通气道后进行面罩通气时，气流一部分从中间通气道4通过，另一部分从两个侧边通气道5通过，由于中间通气道4逐渐变窄、侧边通气道5逐渐变宽，根据伯努利定律，中间通气道4内部气流的流速会逐步变快相应的内部压强则逐渐变小，而两侧的侧边通气道5气流速度逐步变慢相应的压强则逐渐增大，也即第一连接壁3左右两侧会形成逐渐增加的压强差，同时将围成中间通气道4的四个面均设置的非常光滑，进一步增加中间通气道4和侧边通气道5之间气体流速的差值，压强差进一步增大，加上第一连接壁3由柔性透水材料构成，在该压强差的作用下会产生凹陷变形，支撑壁6用于提供支撑，从而保持口咽通气道的整体形状，支撑壁6两侧面也设置减阻层，以避免影响中间通气道4内气体的流速，影响上述的压强差，口咽部若有痰液等分泌物或饱胃病人、昏迷病人的胃食管返流物，则会被迅速吸附在第一连接壁3的凹陷部位，第一连接壁3的吸水特性，保证了具有足够的吸附容量，吸附的分泌物之后可随口咽通气道的撤出而带出，避免了吸痰管的使用对本就缺氧患者的咽喉部的刺激，能减少各种分泌物可能引起患者返流误吸的风险，同时也为后续插管提供了一个清晰的视野，减少插管所用时间，提高插管成功率，减少了气管导管插入时患者的缺氧时间。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种口咽通气道，包括上管壁（1）和下管壁（2），所述上管壁（1）包括上曲面部（11）和位于上曲面部（11）外侧的上平面部（12），所述下管壁（2）包括下曲面部（21）和位于下曲面部（21）外侧的下平面部（22），其特征在于：所述上曲面部（11）和所述下曲面部（21）之间设有左右两个第一连接壁（3），在所述上曲面部（11）、下曲面部（21）和两个第一连接壁（3）之间形成中间通气道（4），在两个第一连接壁（3）之外形成两个侧边通气道（5），中间通气道（4）两侧的第一连接壁（3）之间的距离逐渐减少。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：所述上曲面部（11）和下曲面部（21）左边缘均延伸至左边的第一连接壁（3）形成左侧侧边通气道（5），上曲面部（11）和下曲面部（21）右边缘均延伸至右边的第一连接壁（3）形成右侧侧边通气道（5），中间通气道（4）的两个所述第一连接壁（3）之间的距离沿气体的流动方向逐渐减少。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：所述第一连接壁（3）为圆弧状，且左边的第一连接壁（3）向右侧凹陷，右边的第一连接壁（3）向左侧凹陷。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：左边第一连接壁（3）的左表面比右表面粗糙，右边第一连接壁（3）的右表面比左表面粗糙，上曲面部（11）的下表面与中间通气道（4）对应的部分比延伸部分粗糙，下曲面部（21）的上表面与中间通气道（4）对应的部分比延伸部分粗糙。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：所述第一连接壁（3）由柔性吸水材料构成。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：左边第一连接壁（3）的右表面、右边第一连接壁（3）的左表面、上曲面部（11）的下表面与中间通气道（4）对应的部分、以及下曲面部（21）的上表面与中间通气道（4）对应的部分均设有用于减少气流阻力的减阻层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：所述上曲面部（11）和下曲面部（21）之间还设有支撑壁（6），所述支撑壁（6）位于两个所述第一连接壁（3）之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：所述支撑壁（6）上设有若干通气孔（61）。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：所述支撑壁（6）的左表面和右表面均设有用于减少气流阻力的减阻层。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：所述上平面部（12）和所述下平面部（22）之间设有左右两个第二连接壁（7），上平面部（12）和下平面部（22）的左边缘均延伸至左边的第二连接壁（7）左侧，上平面部（12）和下平面部（22）的右边缘均延伸至右边的第二连接壁（7）右侧，两个所述第一连接壁（3）和两个所述第二连接壁（7）一一对应连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1或2或3或7或8或9或10所述的口咽通气道，其特征在于：所述上平面部（12）外侧设有上翼缘部（13），所述下平面部（22）外侧设有下翼缘部（23）。
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