WO2020029429A1 - Ensemble de vibration, dispositif cosmétique le comprenant et procédé d'utilisation associé - Google Patents

Ensemble de vibration, dispositif cosmétique le comprenant et procédé d'utilisation associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020029429A1
WO2020029429A1 PCT/CN2018/111068 CN2018111068W WO2020029429A1 WO 2020029429 A1 WO2020029429 A1 WO 2020029429A1 CN 2018111068 W CN2018111068 W CN 2018111068W WO 2020029429 A1 WO2020029429 A1 WO 2020029429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibration
ultrasonic vibrator
recess
cosmetic device
bottom wall
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/111068
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yong Liu
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Upbuty Technology Co., Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Upbuty Technology Co., Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Upbuty Technology Co., Ltd
Publication of WO2020029429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020029429A1/fr

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61QSPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00Preparations for care of the skin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B3/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/82Preparation or application process involves sonication or ultrasonication
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/87Application Devices; Containers; Packaging
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N2007/0004Applications of ultrasound therapy
    • A61N2007/0034Skin treatment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N2007/0039Ultrasound therapy using microbubbles

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a vibration assembly with a cavitation effect, and more particularly to an ultrasonic vibration assembly, a cosmetic device having the vibration assembly, and a using method of the cosmetic device.
  • Cavitation refers to a forming, developing and collapsing process of cavity (vacuole) of vapor or gas at the interior or liquid-solid interface of a liquid, when the local pressure within the liquid is reduced.
  • a cavitation mechanism refers to a physical nature of the forming, developing and collapsing process of the vacuole, with main affecting factors of: characteristics of the liquid itself (surface tension, tensile strength, temperature, total air content, free gas concentration, nuclear spectrum, i.e., the size and scale distribution of cavitation nucleus, viscosity, compressibility, density, and saturated vapor pressure, etc.
  • cavitation nucleus is a prerequisite for liquid cavitation
  • the function of the pressure field is an external cause of liquid cavitation
  • the pressure amplitude and applying time determine the liquid cavitation state.
  • the micro bubble nucleus in the liquid vibrates under the effect of ultrasonic waves.
  • the bubbles will rapidly expand, then suddenly close, with a shock wave generated when the bubble is closed, and such a series of kinetic process of expanding, closing and oscillating is referred as ultrasonic cavitation.
  • ultrasonic cavitation happens. This is a process that the micro bubble (cavitation nucleus) existing in the liquid may vibrate, grow and accumulate sound field energy under the effect of the ultrasonic field, and when the energy reaches a certain threshold, the cavitation bubbles crack and close.
  • the bubble in this phenomenon has a life of about 0.1 ⁇ s, which may release a huge amount of energy during a sharp crack, and produces a micro-jet with a powerful impact as well as a velocity of about 110 m/s, resulting in a collision density of up to 1.5 kg/cm 2 .
  • the bubble in the phenomenon may generate a local high temperature and high pressure (5000K, 1800atm) at the moment of a sharp crack, and a cooling rate that can reach 109K/s.
  • the surface of the liquid medium in contact with the vibration member is a flat surface.
  • the vibration frequency of the surface is single, the phase is uniform, and the energy is diverged, thus, the liquid component cannot be cavitied sufficiently while vibrating, thus involving a poor effect for skin cleansing, cosmetic treating and slimming.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a vibration assembly, a cosmetic device having the vibration assembly, and a using method of the cosmetic device, which may realize vibrations of different amplitudes by providing a vibration recess on a surface of the vibration member.
  • a vibration assembly including:
  • a vibration member having a vibration body and at least one vibration recess provided on the vibration body;
  • an ultrasonic vibrator driving the vibration body and the vibration recess to vibrate at different amplitudes.
  • the vibration member includes a plurality of the vibration recesses provided with different shapes and depths.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator is attached to one side of the vibration body, and the vibration recess is located on the other side of the vibration body away from the ultrasonic vibrator and formed by material removing on the vibration body.
  • the vibration recess includes a bottom wall close to the ultrasonic vibrator and a sidewall surrounding the bottom wall, the concave sidewall together with the bottom wall, forming a semi-closed cavity having an opening.
  • the bottom wall has a flat surface or a curved surface
  • the sidewall has a flat surface, a cylindrical surface, or a conical surface.
  • the vibration member is made of metal or ceramic material.
  • the vibration body is further provided with a mounting groove, the mounting groove communicating with the vibration recess.
  • the vibration assembly further includes a flexible member mounted in the mounting groove, the flexible member configured for adsorbing a liquid medium.
  • the flexible member comprises any one of sponge, silk, cotton, polyester, blend, tencel or biofiber.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator and the vibration member are integrally formed.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure provides a cosmetic device, including the vibration assembly as described above.
  • a third aspect of the present disclosure provides a using method of a cosmetic device, including following steps.
  • the method includes providing a cosmetic device and a liquid medium, which are recited above.
  • the method includes injecting the liquid medium into the vibration recess of the cosmetic device
  • the method including starting the ultrasonic vibrator to drive the vibration body and the vibration recess to vibrate at different amplitudes.
  • the liquid medium generates cavitation under vibration of different amplitudes of the ultrasonic vibrator, so as to form the liquid in the vibration recess into a microinjected fluid and get the liquid emitted.
  • the present disclosure provides a vibration recess on the surface of the vibration member.
  • the surface of the vibration member is coated with a liquid medium, and the ultrasonic vibrator drives the vibration member to vibrate, the liquid medium on the vibration member surface flows into the plurality of vibration recesses to form a vacuole cell.
  • the bottom wall is connected to the ultrasonic vibrator to vibrate, thus forming a barrel effect to concentrate energy along the axial direction and emit the liquid outward, thus greatly promoting and enhancing the formation of vacuoles.
  • the ultrasonic fundamental waves generated by vibration of the vibration member and harmonics with different frequencies and different phases and generated by vibration recesses form an ultrasonic group consisting of a high-intensity fundamental wave and a multi-frequency and multi-phase harmonic groups, on the surface of the vibration member.
  • the ultrasonic group acts on a liquid medium formed by a mixture of water and cosmetics, so that the molecular weights corresponding to each main component can resonate to generate vacuole and achieving cavitation, thus effectively improving skin cleansing, cosmetic treating and slimming effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vibration assembly according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a vibration assembly shown in FIG. 1, with a vibration body and a vibration recess, which generate ultrasonic harmonics of different frequencies and phases under the driving of the ultrasonic vibrator.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating injecting a liquid medium into the vibration assembly shown in FIG. 1, the liquid medium concentrating toward the opening of the vibration recess under the effect of vibration.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating that the liquid medium of FIG. 3 is cavitated and ejected under the effect of ultrasonic harmonics.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a vibration assembly according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a vibration assembly according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of applying the vibration assembly provided by the present disclosure into a handheld portable cosmetic instrument.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of applying the vibration assembly provided by the present disclosure into an eye cosmetic instrument.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of applying the vibration assembly provided by the present disclosure in to a skin shovel blade.
  • the vibration assembly 100 includes an ultrasonic vibrator 110 and a vibration member 120, with the ultrasonic vibrator 110 connected to the vibration member 120 to drive the vibration member 120 to generate vibration.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator 110 is attached to one side of the vibration member 120.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator 110 drives the vibration member 120 to vibrate at a set frequency, with the set frequency not lower than 20 kHz.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator and the vibration member can also be connected by other means, such as screw fastening or an indirect connection between the ultrasonic vibrator and the vibration member, for example there may be other components for transmitting vibration between the ultrasonic vibrator and the vibration member.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator 110 and the vibration member 120 may also be integrally formed.
  • the vibration member 120 includes a vibration body 121 having a substantially tabulate vibration body 121 and a vibration recess 122 provided on the vibration body 121.
  • the vibration member 120 is made of metal or ceramic material.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator 110 is attached to the other side of the vibration body 121, and the vibration recess 122 is located on the side of the vibration body 121 away from the ultrasonic vibrator 110.
  • the vibration recess 122 is a concave formed on a side of the vibration body 121 away from the ultrasonic vibrator 110 by material removing.
  • the vibration recess 122 includes a bottom wall 1221 close to the ultrasonic vibrator 110 and a sidewall 1222 surrounding the bottom wall 1221.
  • the concave sidewall 1222 together with the bottom wall 1221, forms a semi-closed cavity having an opening 1220, which is also referred as a vacuole cell, and can be used to enhance and facilitate the generation of vacuole.
  • the bottom wall 1221 may have a flat surface or a curved surface
  • the sidewall 1222 may have a flat surface, a cylindrical surface, or a conical surface.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator 110 drives the vibration member 120 to vibrate at a set frequency that is not less than 20 KHz.
  • the vibration body of the vibration member 120 since the vibration recess 122 and the vibration body 121 have different masses, the vibration recess 122 and the vibration body 121 vibrate at different amplitudes.
  • the vibration member 120 generates an ultrasonic fundamental wave, and the vibration body 121 vibrates to generate a first harmonic 1211 having a first frequency and a first phase, and the vibration recess 122 vibrates to generate a second harmonic 1223 having a second frequency and a second phase.
  • a wavelength of the second harmonic 1223 can be designed to be integer multiple of the depth of the vibration recess 122, to improve the cavitation efficiency of the second harmonic 1223.
  • the liquid medium 140 is a mixture of a cleaning liquid and water or a mixture of a skin moisture lotion and water, having a cavitation nucleus (micro bubble) , and the liquid medium 140 get cavitated, when ultrasonic waves (forming a pressure field) are formed on the liquid medium 140.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator 110 vibrates the vibration member 120 to vibrate at a set frequency and injects the liquid medium 140 into the vibration recess 122
  • the bottom wall 1221 of the vibration recess 122 vibrates to cause cavitation of the liquid medium 140. Due to rigidity constraints of the concave sidewall 1222 of the vibration recess 122, the energy generated by the vibration can only converge along the direction of the opening 1220, get concentrated on the axis of the vibration recess 122, and eventually erupts toward the opening 1220 and acts on the liquid medium, so that the liquid medium 140 generates vacuoles and emits fluid 141 containing vacuoles in the direction towards the opening 1220.
  • the first harmonic 1211 and the second harmonic 1223 act on the fluid 141, so that the molecular weights of the main components in the fluid 141 can resonate to generate vacuoles to achieve cavitation, and thus the fluid 141 containing a large amount of micro bubbles (vacuoles) constantly impacts the surface of the skin.
  • the micro bubbles crash and produce a instantaneous high pressure on stains on the surface of the skin, causing the stain to fall off the skin, and the oily stain can be effectively emulsified to be soluble in water, thereby achieving rapid and deep cleaning of the skin.
  • the crashing of the bubble and the generation of instantaneous high pressure also help to penetrate the skin moisture lotion in the fluid 141 into the skin, improve the penetration of the skin moisture lotion, and facilitate the skin's absorption of the skin moisture lotion.
  • the vibration member 120 includes a plurality of vibration recesses 122 having different shapes and depths.
  • the depth is a distance along the thickness of the vibration body 121.
  • the plurality of vibration recesses 122 are evenly or unevenly distributed with intervals in the vibration body 121 such that each of the vibration recesses 122 on the vibration member 120 can be a separate vibration source, when the ultrasonic vibrator 110 drives the vibration member 120 to vibrate, and the plurality of vibration recesses 122 respectively generate a plurality of second harmonics with different frequencies and phases, the plurality of second harmonics forming a harmonic group, the harmonic group promoting the generation of liquid vacuoles of different molecular weights, thereby enhancing cavitation.
  • a vibration assembly of a third embodiment is provided by the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment is generally similar with the second embodiment, except the only difference in that the surface of the vibration body 121 is provided with a mounting groove 123.
  • the pluralities of vibration recesses 122 are disposed at a bottom of the mounting groove 123 and communicate with the mounting groove 123.
  • a flexible member 130 is fixed in the mounting groove 123.
  • the flexible member 130 can be used to adsorb the liquid medium 140 and lock the liquid medium 140 within the vibration recess 122.
  • the flexible member 130 is any one of sponge, silk, cotton, polyester, blend, tencel or biofiber.
  • the present disclosure further provides a cosmetic device using the above vibration assembly 100, wherein FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a hand-held portable cosmetic instrument applied with the vibration assembly, FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the eye cosmetic instrument applied with the vibration assembly, and FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a skin shovel blade applied with the vibration assembly.
  • the cosmetic device includes the ultrasonic vibrator 110 and the vibration member 120, the vibration member 120 including the vibration body 121 and the plurality of vibration recesses 122.
  • a cross section of the plurality of vibration recesses 122 may be circular, triangular, or square or other regular polygons, the depths of the vibration recesses 122 may also be different, so as to generate harmonic groups consisting of harmonics with different frequencies and phases, to promote the generation of vacuoles in liquid media of different molecular weights, and further to achieve enhanced cavitation.
  • the shape size, depth, number, distribution arrangement, and the like of the vibration recess 122 may be specifically designed according to different products, and should not be limited to the above embodiment, without specific restrictions herein.
  • the present disclosure also provides a using method of the above cosmetic device, including following steps.
  • the method includes injecting the liquid medium 140 into the vibration recess 122 of the vibration assembly 100, the ultrasonic vibrator 110 driving the vibration member 120 to vibrate, the vibration member 120 generating an ultrasonic fundamental wave, and the vibration body 121 and the vibration recess 122 vibrating with different amplitudes to generate ultrasonic harmonics of different phases and frequencies, the different harmonics converting the liquid medium 140 into a fluid 141.
  • the vibration recess 122 is a semi-closed cavity structure with an opening 1220, under the effect of vibration and the semi-closed cavity, the fluid in the vibration recess 122 is emitted from the opening 1220.
  • the plurality of vibration recesses 122 respectively vibrate to generate harmonics with different frequencies and phases to form a harmonic group.
  • the method includes applying an ultrasonic fundamental wave and the harmonic group to the fluid 141 to cause the fluid 141 to generate vacuoles and achieve cavitation, wherein the fluid 141 is a mixture of a cleaning liquid, water and vacuoles, and/or, a mixture of skin moisture lotion, water, and vacuoles, and fluid 141 has a certain velocity.
  • the fluid 141 containing a large amount of vacuoles is washed on the surface of the skin, and the vacuoles crash and generate a instantaneous high pressure on a stain on the surface of the skin, causing the stain to fall off the skin, and the oily stain can be effectively emulsified to be soluble in water, thereby achieving rapid and deep cleaning of the skin.
  • the collapsing of the bubble and the generation of instantaneous high pressure also help to penetrate the skin moisture lotion in the fluid 141 into the skin, improve the penetration of the skin moisture lotion, and facilitate the skin's absorption of the skin moisture lotion.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble de vibration (100), un dispositif cosmétique le comprenant et un procédé d'utilisation associé. L'ensemble de vibration (100) comprend : un élément de vibration (120) comprenant un corps de vibration (121) et des évidements de vibration (122) disposés sur le corps de vibration (121), et un vibreur ultrasonore (110) entraînant le corps de vibration (121) et l'évidement de vibration (122) pour vibrer à différentes amplitudes. Lorsque des surfaces de l'élément de vibration (120) sont revêtues de milieux liquides, des cellules de vacuole sont formées dans les évidements de vibration (122), améliorant ainsi de manière efficace le nettoyage de la peau, le traitement cosmétique et les effets d'amincissement.
PCT/CN2018/111068 2018-08-07 2018-10-19 Ensemble de vibration, dispositif cosmétique le comprenant et procédé d'utilisation associé WO2020029429A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810890353.1A CN108722326B (zh) 2018-08-07 2018-08-07 振动组件、具有该振动组件的美容装置及其使用方法
CN201810890353.1 2018-08-07

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WO2020029429A1 true WO2020029429A1 (fr) 2020-02-13

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3116451A1 (fr) * 2020-11-26 2022-05-27 L'oreal Procédé de nettoyage des matières kératiniques humaines et kit pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé
FR3116450A1 (fr) * 2020-11-26 2022-05-27 L'oreal Dispositif de nettoyage des matières kératiniques générant des bulles de gaz
WO2022112361A1 (fr) 2020-11-26 2022-06-02 L'oreal Procédé de nettoyage de matières kératiniques humaines, dispositif et kit pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
WO2023222781A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 L'oreal Dispositif de traitement des cheveux et procédé
WO2023222789A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 L'oreal Dispositif de traitement de matières kératiniques humaines
WO2023222788A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 L'oreal Procédé de nettoyage de matières kératiniques humaines
FR3135604A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-24 L'oreal Dispositif de traitement de matières kératiniques humaines

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113176067B (zh) * 2021-04-07 2023-01-24 中山大学 一种空泡发生器及空泡制造方法

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US20040151059A1 (en) * 2002-05-01 2004-08-05 Roberts Ii William Leroy Deagglomerator apparatus and method
JP2005323213A (ja) * 2004-05-10 2005-11-17 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 超音波美容器具
US20090318852A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-24 Jenu Biosciences, Inc. Ultrasound based cosmetic therapy method and apparatus
CN103831270B (zh) * 2014-03-19 2015-12-02 中国科学院声学研究所 超声空化强化装置和方法
JP2016214424A (ja) * 2015-05-16 2016-12-22 株式会社 Artistic&Co. 超音波皮膚洗浄美容機

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040151059A1 (en) * 2002-05-01 2004-08-05 Roberts Ii William Leroy Deagglomerator apparatus and method
JP2005323213A (ja) * 2004-05-10 2005-11-17 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 超音波美容器具
US20090318852A1 (en) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-24 Jenu Biosciences, Inc. Ultrasound based cosmetic therapy method and apparatus
CN103831270B (zh) * 2014-03-19 2015-12-02 中国科学院声学研究所 超声空化强化装置和方法
JP2016214424A (ja) * 2015-05-16 2016-12-22 株式会社 Artistic&Co. 超音波皮膚洗浄美容機

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3116451A1 (fr) * 2020-11-26 2022-05-27 L'oreal Procédé de nettoyage des matières kératiniques humaines et kit pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé
FR3116450A1 (fr) * 2020-11-26 2022-05-27 L'oreal Dispositif de nettoyage des matières kératiniques générant des bulles de gaz
WO2022112361A1 (fr) 2020-11-26 2022-06-02 L'oreal Procédé de nettoyage de matières kératiniques humaines, dispositif et kit pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
WO2023222781A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 L'oreal Dispositif de traitement des cheveux et procédé
WO2023222789A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 L'oreal Dispositif de traitement de matières kératiniques humaines
WO2023222788A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 L'oreal Procédé de nettoyage de matières kératiniques humaines
FR3135604A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-24 L'oreal Dispositif de traitement de matières kératiniques humaines
FR3135605A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-24 L'oreal Procédé de nettoyage de matières kératiniques humaines
FR3135603A1 (fr) 2022-05-18 2023-11-24 L'oreal Dispositif de traitement des cheveux et procédé

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