WO2020023000A1

WO2020023000A1 - Composite material based on used polyethylene items and wood waste

Info

Publication number: WO2020023000A1
Application number: PCT/UA2019/000107
Authority: WO
Inventors: Максим Геннадиевич ЗАМРИКА
Original assignee: Максим Геннадиевич ЗАМРИКА
Priority date: 2018-07-24
Filing date: 2019-08-13
Publication date: 2020-01-30

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite material made of household waste on the basis of polyethylene waste and waste of the wood-working industry, and can be used for manufacturing items for use in various branches of the economy. A composite material based on used polyethylene items and wood waste composite comprises plant-based waste and used polyethylene items. The plant-based waste includes dry, small wood waste such as dry sawdust and dry leaves, while the used polyethylene items are pre-ground, used polyethylene items having a degree of contamination of up to 30%, which are mixed with the dry, small wood waste in the following ratio, wt.%: 20-70 used polyethylene items, 30-80 dry, small wood waste. The technical result is to provide uniformity of structure, water resistance of the composite material based on the used polyethylene items and wood waste with enhanced strength, and to provide the capability of creating materials which have a broad range of mechanical properties and which can be altered according to the purpose of the items manufactured from said material so as to expand the range of uses of the claimed material while reducing its prime cost.

Description

Composite material based on used

plastic products and wood waste

The invention relates to a composite material from household waste based on polyethylene waste and waste from the woodworking industry, and can be used for the manufacture of products for use in various industries.

This material can be used in the manufacture of products - tiles, plates, sheets and rods, individual parts or assemblies, finishes and other for subsequent use in construction, household plots and others.

A wood-polymer composite material is known from the prior art (RF patent N ° 2041060, IPC B27N 3/02, С04В38 / 00, publ. 09/08/1995) containing wood particles 80-500 microns in size and a thermoplastic binder of polyolefin recycled wastes, the following ratio of components of the mixture, mass .:

Wood particles 80-90

Polyolefin processing waste 10-20.

The disadvantages of this wood-polymer composite material include the following.

To perform the known material, pre-prepared components are required.

In the woodworking industry, the most wasteful is lumbering. In the processing of wood lumber waste in the form of tyrsa (sawdust) is approximately 12%. As wood waste, when creating this material, particles up to 0.5 mm in size are used - this is wood dust. It cannot be assembled without special equipment - air filters. The use of large-sized waste particles from wood processing enterprises, such as sawdust in this composition is impossible, because even under the influence of high pressure it will be possible to create a material with satisfactory physical and mechanical properties with such a low binder content in the form of polyolefins.

In addition, as a binder use wastes from the processing of polyolefins already prepared for subsequent use. The disadvantage is that in the production of this composition it is impossible to use a binder that has not been prepared in advance, such as used polyethylene products, which have not yet been cleaned and granulated.

Moreover, the cost of the known material is high due to the complex and costly production of it.

Also known from the prior art is a thermal insulation material based on wood and thermoplastic wastes (RF patent 2581047, IPC С04В18 / 26, C08L97 / 02, C08L23 / 06, C08L25 / 06, C08L67 / 03, publ.

04/10/2016), in which 4 ± 2 mm thick wood chips are used as filler, thermoplastic plastics, which consist of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), low pressure polyethylene (HDPE) and high pressure polyethylene (binder, are used as filler) LDPE), as a chemical additive, the foaming agent azodicarbonamide is used in the following ratio of components of the mixture, wt.%: PET-11-13, PS-12-14, HDPE-11-13, PEVD-10-13, azodicarbonamide 1-2, technological wood chips 55-45.

A disadvantage of the known material is the use of the chemical additive azodicarbonamide, which mixes with thermoplastic plastics at high temperature, and can evaporate, which makes the production of the material dangerous for workers, because it is known that azodicarbonamide can cause allergic reactions. In addition, only thermoplastic plastics made according to state standards are used in production, which makes it impossible to create material from used plastic products. The material, as a result, has a high cost. The closest analogue was selected polymer composition for hard roofing (Patent UA N ° 46942, IPC C08L23 / 22, publ. 06/17/2002), which contains a polyolefin, filler, pigments, modifier, antioxidant and other chemical additives. Used polyolefin is used greenhouse and packaging plastic film, and filler is waste of plant origin, for example, husk of rice and / or inorganic origin, and butyl rubber is used as a modifier, and pigments are metal oxides, for example, iron, chromium, cobalt oxides titanium, and as chemical additives, the UV absorber and paraffin lubricant are used in the following ratio of the components of the composition, parts by weight: polyethylene film 100, filler 25-45, pigments 1-6, butyl rubber 3-5, en thioxidant 0.1 -1.0, chemical additives, light stabilizer 0.3-3.0, UV absorber (UVA), paraffin lubricant 0.2-1.0.

In the manufacture of the known polymer composition, a used polyethylene film is used as a binder polyolefin, which is used to cover greenhouses, greenhouses, haylage and packaging of products and other film products, in particular, vegetable waste is used as a filler, which allows the material to be released from waste, but in the production of the composition, a sufficiently large number of chemical additives are used, which is harmful to production workers, and the manufactured material is not cologically clean. In addition, the use of various chemical additives increases the cost of the resulting material.

Rice husk is used as a filler, which, as you know, contains a large amount (up to 23%) of silicon dioxide, which is characterized by very low adhesion. This complicates the process of "bonding" the composition and does not provide sufficient strength of the created material. The result is a material that has heterogeneous physical and mechanical properties, in particular various surface roughness and density in different areas of the material, low strength indicators. In this case, the formation of cracks, splits, which in turn leads to the destruction of the material under the influence of water, does not provide moisture resistance of the known material.

The amount of filler of vegetable origin in the composition is, in terms of, about 17-30% by weight of the material, and polyethylene about 62-77%. Changing the ratio of the components of the material in a fairly narrow range does not allow, to a sufficient extent, vary the mechanical properties of the finished material, which limits its scope.

The basis of the invention is the task to create a new environmentally friendly, homogeneous, waterproof composite material based on used polyethylene products and wood waste with increased strength with a wide range of mechanical properties, which can be changed depending on the purpose of the products made from this material with the expansion of the scope at low cost price.

When developing the invention, both the need for the use of woodworking waste and the disposal of used plastic products were taken into account. It was taken into account that the recycling of polyethylene does not pollute the environment, allows you to get a material that does not destroy water, alkalis, salt solutions, organic and inorganic acids, resistant to mechanical stress, which can be used in various fields of economy. In addition, using only waste as raw materials will significantly reduce the cost of the product.

The solution of this problem is achieved by the fact that in a composite material based on used polyethylene products and wood waste, which contains plant waste and used polyethylene products, according to the invention, dry small wood waste is used as vegetable waste, such as dry sawdust, dry leaves, like used plastic products - pre-shredded used plastic products with a degree of contamination of up to 30%, which are mixed with dry fine wood waste in the following ratio, wt.%:

used plastic products 20-70,

dry small wood waste 30-80.

The listed features of the proposed technical solution in relation to the composite material are essential features of the claimed invention, and their combination provides the achievement of the expected technical result - ensuring the uniformity of the structure, water resistance of the composite material based on used polyethylene products and wood waste with increased strength, making it possible to create materials with a wide range mechanical properties that can be changed depending on the purpose I made from this material products with the expansion of the scope of the claimed material while reducing its cost.

The use of dry small wood waste, such as dry sawdust, dry leaves, as plant waste, creates an environmentally friendly composite material, the production of which does not use harmful, valuable chemical additives. Dry small wood waste, such as dry sawdust, dry leaves that are fragile and easily chopped into small pieces, unlike rice husks, which is used in the closest analogue, have better adhesion, which, together with other essential features, allows you to create a uniform composite material with increased strength, moisture resistant, with more uniform physical and mechanical properties in various areas of the material.

The use of used polyethylene products as a binder significantly expands the possibilities of using various polyethylene products, such as plastic films, bags, disposable cups for drinks and other products made of polyethylene, the recycling of which is an important, urgent problem of our time.

The use of used polyethylene products with a degree of contamination of up to 30% makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of the resulting composite material due to the lack of preliminary washing of used polyethylene products, while maintaining its strength and a wide range of mechanical properties that can be changed depending on the purpose of the products made from this material.

Upon receipt of the composite material, pre-crushed used polyethylene products are used. This is necessary to unify the properties of these products that are different in form, size, degree of contamination and specific characteristics. Pre-grinding can be defined as the formation of particles of a certain size to reduce the volume and homogenize the mixture of used plastic products and dry small wood waste. The use of crushed used polyethylene products makes it possible to improve the quality of the composite material obtained by creating a sufficiently homogeneous mixture during cold mixing with small wood waste, which, when mixed again under pressure and temperature, turns into a material in which small wood waste is completely moistened with molten polyethylene. High-quality bonding of the components of the mixture is carried out as a result of enveloping the wood particles with molten polyethylene, good adhesion of the components of the mixture, and, as a result, obtaining high quality material, uniformity and strength.

The crushed used polyethylene products are mixed with dry small wood waste in the following ratio, wt.%:

used plastic products 20-70, dry small wood waste 30-80.

Changing the ratio of the components of the material in a wide range allows you to sufficiently vary the mechanical properties of the finished material, while maintaining its quality, strength and moisture resistance.

When the amount of polyethylene refers to the amount of wood waste as 70:30, the properties of such a material are determined mainly by the properties of polyethylene. In an inverse ratio, when the amount of polyethylene is related to wood waste as 20:80, the properties of the material obtained are primarily determined by the properties of the wood particles and the nature of the relationship between the wood particles and polyethylene.

For any ratio within the specified range of the components of the mixture, a durable material with high moisture resistance is obtained due to the comprehensive thorough enveloping of wood particles with polyethylene.

Composite material based on used plastic products and wood waste is made as follows.

Use various used plastic products. It can be used plastic bags, already used plastic film, disposable plastic cups that are collected, for example, in special containers that are installed in the courtyards of high-rise buildings, and other plastic products.

Collected used plastic products do not clean, do not wash. Use products with a degree of pollution up to 30% of the mass.

The collected used polyethylene products are crushed to particles whose size does not exceed 1 mm.

Next, the crushed used polyethylene products in an amount of 20-70% of the mass, together with dry wood waste in the amount of 30-80% of the mass, are subjected to preliminary thorough mixing without affecting the temperature. As dry, small wood waste use dry sawdust, dry fallen leaves.

It is advisable to use sawdust with a size of not more than 2 mm.

Mixing is carried out very carefully until a homogeneous mass.

Next, a homogeneous mixture of crushed used plastic products and dry fine wood waste is heated until the crushed used polymer products are melted and mixed in an extruder to obtain the claimed composite material based on used polyethylene products and wood waste.

The material can be set to any shape, and get any form of products, for example, timber, garden tiles, paving slabs, various containers and more.

Products obtained from the manufactured material are resistant to moisture, are not susceptible to corrosion and decay, have high electrical insulation performance. They have a homogeneous structure, without cracks and voids, durable, cheap. The production of such material is aimed at the disposal of used polyethylene products and waste from woodworking enterprises, and helps to clean the environment. Composite material based on used polyethylene products and wood waste has a lower cost compared to the closest analogue, and chemical additives harmful to manufacturers are not used in its implementation. Preliminary grinding of used polyethylene products significantly improves the quality of the material obtained, and further facilitates better mixing of precisely crushed used polyethylene products with dry, fine wood waste with the formation of a fairly uniform mass. Therefore, at the fracture of the samples of the proposed composite material during their visual examination, not glued wood particles were not found. The invention allows to create a new environmentally friendly, homogeneous, waterproof composite material based on used polyethylene products and wood waste with increased strength with a wide range of mechanical properties, which can be changed depending on the purpose of the products made from this material with the expansion of the scope at low cost.

In the existing sources of patent and scientific and technical information, no composite material was found on the basis of used polyethylene products and wood waste, which has the claimed combination of essential features, therefore, the presented technical solution meets the “novelty” criterion.

A comparative analysis of the above technical solution with the closest analogue showed that the implementation of the set of essential features that characterize the invention leads to the appearance of qualitatively new technical properties mentioned above, the combination of which has not been established previously from the existing level of technology, which allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution to the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, since it does not contain any structural elements or materials that cannot be reproduced at the present stage of development of technology in industrial

production.

Claims

FORMULA

1. A composite material based on used polyethylene products and wood waste, which contains vegetable waste and used polyethylene products, which is characterized in that dry small wood waste such as dry sawdust, dry leaves, as used polyethylene waste, are used as vegetable waste. products - pre-shredded used polyethylene products with a degree of pollution up to 30%, which are mixed with dry small wood waste, etc. the following ratio, wt.%: use plastic products 20-70,

dry small wood waste 30-80.

Yu